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Saini P, Sonika, Singh G, Kaur G, Singh J, Singh H. Robust and Versatile Cu(I) metal frameworks as potential catalysts for azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions: Review. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Neumann S, Biewend M, Rana S, Binder WH. The CuAAC: Principles, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts, and Novel Developments and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900359. [PMID: 31631449 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) has emerged as the most useful "click" chemistry. Polymer science has profited enormously from CuAAC by its simplicity, ease, scope, applicability and efficiency. Basic principles of the CuAAC are reviewed with a focus on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, ligands, anchimeric assistance, and basic chemical principles. Recent developments of ligand design and acceleration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michel Biewend
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sravendra Rana
- School of Engineering University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, von Danckelmannplatz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Cure kinetics of poly (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) with 2nd generation Hoveyda-Grubbs’ catalyst for self-healing applications. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kargarfard N, Diedrich N, Rupp H, Döhler D, Binder WH. Improving Kinetics of "Click-Crosslinking" for Self-Healing Nanocomposites by Graphene-Supported Cu-Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E17. [PMID: 30966054 PMCID: PMC6414871 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the curing kinetics of crosslinking reactions and the development of optimized catalyst systems is of importance for the preparation of self-healing nanocomposites, able to significantly extend their service lifetimes. Here we study different modified low molecular weight multivalent azides for a capsule-based self-healing approach, where self-healing is mediated by graphene-supported copper-nanoparticles, able to trigger "click"-based crosslinking of trivalent azides and alkynes. When monitoring the reaction kinetics of the curing reaction via reactive dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), it was found that the "click-crosslinking" reactivity decreased with increasing chain length of the according azide. Additionally, we could show a remarkable "click" reactivity already at 0 °C, highlighting the potential of click-based self-healing approaches. Furthermore, we varied the reaction temperature during the preparation of our tailor-made graphene-based copper(I) catalyst to further optimize its catalytic activity. With the most active catalyst prepared at 700 °C and the optimized set-up of reactants on hand, we prepared capsule-based self-healing epoxy nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Kargarfard
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Abteilung Reaktive Verarbeitung, Hohe Str. 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Norman Diedrich
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Harald Rupp
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Diana Döhler
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as a significant tool for materials science, organic chemistry, and bioscience. Based on the initial concept of Barry Sharpless in 2001, the copper(I)-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction has triggered a plethora of chemical concepts for linking molecules and building blocks under ambient conditions, forming the basis for applications in autonomous cross-linking materials. Self-healing systems on the other hand are often based on mild cross-linking chemistries that are able to react either autonomously or upon an external trigger. In the ideal case, self-healing takes place efficiently at low temperatures, independent of the substrate(s) used, by forming strong and stable networks, binding to the newly generated (cracked) interfaces to restore the original material properties. The use of the CuAAC in self-healing systems, most of all the careful design of copper-based catalysts linked to additives as well as the chemical diversity of substrates, has led to an enormous potential of applications of this singular reaction. The implementation of click-based strategies in self-healing systems therefore is highly attractive, as here chemical (and physical) concepts of molecular reactivity, molecular design, and even metal catalysis are connected to aspects of materials science. In this Account, we will show how CuAAC reactions of multivalent components can be used as a tool for self-healing materials, achieving cross-linking at low temperatures (exploiting concepts of autocatalysis or internal chelation within the bulk CuAAC and systematic optimization of the efficiency of the used Cu(I) catalysts). Encapsulation strategies to separate the click components by micro- and nanoencapsulation are required in this context. Consequently, the examples reported here describe chemical concepts to realize more efficient and faster click reactions in self-healing polymeric materials. Thus, enhanced chain diffusion in (hyper)branched polymers, autocatalysis, or internal chelation concepts enable efficient click cross-linking already at 5 °C with a simultaneously reduced amount of Cu(I) catalyst and increased reaction rates, culminating in the first reported self-healing system based on click cycloaddition reactions. Via tailor-made nanocarbon/Cu(I) catalysts we can further improve the click cross-linking reaction in view of efficiency and kinetics, leading to the generation of self-healing graphene-based epoxy nanocomposites. Additionally, we have designed special CuAAC click methods for chemical reporting and visualization systems based on the detection of ruptured capsules via a fluorogenic click reaction, which can be combined with CuAAC cross-linking reactions to obtain simultaneous stress detection and self-healing within polymeric materials. In a similar concept, we have prepared polymeric Cu(I)-biscarbene complexes to detect (mechanical) stress within self-healing polymeric materials via a triggered fluorogenic reaction, thus using a destructive force for a constructive chemical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Döhler
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Philipp Michael
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry,
Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Vargas Jentzsch P, Ciobotă V, Salinas W, Kampe B, Aponte PM, Rösch P, Popp J, Ramos LA. Distinction of Ecuadorian varieties of fermented cocoa beans using Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2016; 211:274-80. [PMID: 27283632 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a crop of economic importance. In Ecuador, there are two predominant cocoa varieties: National and CCN-51. The National variety is the most demanded, since its cocoa beans are used to produce the finest chocolates. Raman measurements of fermented, dried and unpeeled cocoa beans were performed using a handheld spectrometer. Samples of the National and CCN-51 varieties were collected from different provinces and studied in this work. For each sample, 25 cocoa beans were considered and each bean was measured at 4 different spots. The most important Raman features of the spectra were assigned and discussed. The spectroscopic data were processed using chemometrics, resulting in a distinction of varieties with 91.8% of total accuracy. Differences in the average Raman spectra of cocoa beans from different sites but within the same variety can be attributed to environmental factors affecting the cocoa beans during the fermentation and drying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vargas Jentzsch
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador; Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, 170525 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Valerian Ciobotă
- Rigaku Analytical Devices, Pasedagplatz 3-4, 13088 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilson Salinas
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador
| | - Bernd Kampe
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Pedro M Aponte
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador; Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 170157 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Luis A Ramos
- Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184 Tumbaco, Ecuador.
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Neumann S, Döhler D, Ströhl D, Binder WH. Chelation-assisted CuAAC in star-shaped polymers enables fast self-healing at low temperatures. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01818h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The achievement of self-healing (SH) under ambient conditions (low temperature, no external input of energy) still presents a significant area of research, and is enabledvia“click”-type crosslinking reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Neumann
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - D. Döhler
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - D. Ströhl
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
| | - W. H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
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8
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Geitner R, Kötteritzsch J, Siegmann M, Fritzsch R, Bocklitz TW, Hager MD, Schubert US, Gräfe S, Dietzek B, Schmitt M, Popp J. Molecular self-healing mechanisms between C60-fullerene and anthracene unveiled by Raman and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17973-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C60-fullerene–anthracene self-healing copolymers were studied by time-, temperature- and concentration-dependent FT-Raman spectroscopy and advanced 2D correlation analysis.
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A review of recent trends in polymer characterization using non-destructive vibrational spectroscopic modalities and chemical imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 895:12-34. [PMID: 26454456 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent developments in vibrational spectroscopy and chemical imaging (i.e. Raman, Near Infrared, Mid Infrared) to characterize polymers in diverse forms, their behaviour and transient phenomenon. First, important polymeric properties and traditional methods of their characterization are outlined. Then relative advantages & disadvantages have been presented of different characterization methods are presented. This is followed by a detailed review of applications of chemical imaging and spectroscopic techniques in polymer characterization, including the limitations encountered. The article ends with a discussion on the future of chemical imaging with regards to polymer characterization.
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Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry. COSMETICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics2020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Characterization of Self-Healing Polymers: From Macroscopic Healing Tests to the Molecular Mechanism. SELF-HEALING MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Geitner R, Kötteritzsch J, Siegmann M, Bocklitz TW, Hager MD, Schubert US, Gräfe S, Dietzek B, Schmitt M, Popp J. Two-dimensional Raman correlation spectroscopy reveals molecular structural changes during temperature-induced self-healing in polymers based on the Diels–Alder reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22587-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02151k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
For the first time two-dimensional Raman correlation analysis has been used to study self-healing polymers based on the Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Geitner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
| | - J. Kötteritzsch
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - M. Siegmann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
| | - T. W. Bocklitz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
| | - M. D. Hager
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - U. S. Schubert
- Laboratory for Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - S. Gräfe
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
| | - B. Dietzek
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
| | - M. Schmitt
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
| | - J. Popp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena
- Germany
- Jena Center of Soft Matter (JCSM)
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Kupfer S, Zedler L, Guthmuller J, Bode S, Hager MD, Schubert US, Popp J, Gräfe S, Dietzek B. Self-healing mechanism of metallopolymers investigated by QM/MM simulations and Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12422-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00562g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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