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Wang CF, Krayev AV, El-Khoury PZ. Subnanometer Visualization of Spatially Varying Local Field Resonances that Drive Tip-Enhanced Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9114-9118. [PMID: 37751571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the electromagnetic fields that power modern nanoscale optical measurements, including (non)linear tip-enhanced Raman and photoluminescence, chiefly stems from numerical simulations. Aside from idealized in silico vs heterogeneous (nano)structures in the laboratory, challenges in quantitative descriptions of nanoscale light-matter interactions more generally stem from the very nature of the problem, which lies at the interface of classical and quantum theories. This is particularly the case in ultrahigh spatial resolution measurements that are sensitive to local optical field variations that take place on subnanometer length scales. This work approaches this challenge through extinction-based spectral nanoimaging experiments. We demonstrate <1 nm spatial resolution in hyperspectral extinction measurements that track spatially varying plasmon resonances. We describe the principles behind our experiments and highlight more general implications of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrey V Krayev
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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2
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Li Y, Jiang P, Lyu X, Li X, Qi H, Tang J, Xue Z, Yang H, Lu G, Sun Q, Hu X, Gao Y, Gong Q. Revealing low-loss dielectric near-field modes of hexagonal boron nitride by photoemission electron microscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4837. [PMID: 37563183 PMCID: PMC10415285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-loss dielectric modes are important features and functional bases of fundamental optical components in on-chip optical devices. However, dielectric near-field modes are challenging to reveal with high spatiotemporal resolution and fast direct imaging. Herein, we present a method to address this issue by applying time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy to a low-dimensional wide-bandgap semiconductor, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Taking a low-loss dielectric planar waveguide as a fundamental structure, static vector near-field vortices with different topological charges and the spatiotemporal evolution of waveguide modes are directly revealed. With the lowest-order vortex structure, strong nanofocusing in real space is realized, while near-vertical photoemission in momentum space and narrow spread in energy space are simultaneously observed due to the atomically flat surface of hBN and the small photoemission horizon set by the limited photon energies. Our approach provides a strategy for the realization of flat photoemission emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Pengzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaying Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohang Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yunan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics & Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Mazaheri L, Jelken J, Avilés MO, Legge S, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Investigating the Performances of Wide-Field Raman Microscopy with Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Post-Processing. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:340-351. [PMID: 35128956 PMCID: PMC8915227 DOI: 10.1177/00037028211056975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy based on localization algorithms has tremendously impacted the field of imaging by improving the spatial resolution of optical measurements with specific blinking fluorophores and concomitant reduction of acquisition time. In vibrational spectroscopy and imaging, various methods have been developed to surpass the diffraction limit including near-field scattering methods, such as in tip-enhanced Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Although these scanning-probe techniques can provide exquisite spatial resolution, they often require long acquisition times and tedious fabrication of nano-scale scanning probes. Herein, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) protocol is applied on Raman measurements acquired using a wide-field home-built microscopy setup. We explore how the fluctuations of the Raman signal acquired over a series of time-lapse images at specific spectral ranges can be exploited with STORM processing, possibly revealing details with improved spatial resolution, under lower irradiance and with faster acquisition speed that cannot be achieved in point scanning mode over the same field of view. Samples studied here include patterned silicon, polystyrene microspheres on a silicon wafer, and graphene on a silicon/silicon dioxide substrate. The outcome presents an effective way to collect Raman images at selected spectral ranges with spatial resolutions of ∼200 nm over a large field of view under 532 nm excitation together with an acquisition speed improved by two orders of magnitude and under a significantly reduced irradiance compared to confocal laser scanning acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- François Lagugné-Labarthet, Department of Chemistry, The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario (Western University), 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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4
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Abstract
Historically, molecular spectroscopists have focused their attention to the right-hand side of the Schrödinger equation. Our major goal had and still has to do with determining a (bio)molecular system's Hamiltonian operator. From a theoretical spectroscopist's perspective, this entails varying the parameters of a model Hamiltonian until the predicted observables agree with their experimental analogues. In this context, less emphasis has been put on the left-hand side of the equation, where the interplay between a system and its immediate local environment is described. The latter is particularly meaningful and informative in modern applications of optical microscopy and spectroscopy that take advantage of surface plasmons to enhance molecular scattering cross-sections and to increase the attainable spatial resolution that is classically limited by diffraction. Indeed, the manipulation of light near the apex of a metallic nanotip has enabled single molecule detection, identification, and imaging. The distinct advantages of the so-called tip-enhanced optical nanospectroscopy/nanoimaging approaches are self-evident: ultrahigh spatial resolution (nanometer or better) and ultimate sensitivity (down to yoctomolar) are both attainable, all while retaining the ability to chemically fingerprint one molecule at a time (e.g., through Raman scattering). An equally interesting aspect of the same approach stems from using the properties of a single molecule to characterize the local environment in which it resides. This concept of single molecule spectroscopy on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation is certainly not novel and has been discussed in pioneering single molecule studies that ultimately led to a Nobel prize in chemistry. That said, local environment mapping through ultrasensitive optical spectroscopy acquires a unique flavor when executed using tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS). This is the subject of this Account.In a series of recent reports, our group utilized TERS to characterize different properties of nanolocalized and enhanced optical fields. The platforms that were used to this end consist of chemically functionalized plasmonic nanostructures and nanoparticles imaged using visible-light-irradiated gold- or silver-coated probes of an atomic force microscope. Through a detailed analysis of the recorded spectral nanoimages, we found that molecular Raman spectra may be used to track the magnitudes, resonances, spatiotemporal gradients, and even vector components of optical fields with nanometer spatial resolution under ambient conditions. On the other side of the equation, understanding how spatially varying optical fields modulate molecular nano-Raman spectra is of utmost importance to emerging areas of nanophotonics. For instance, tracking plasmon-enhanced chemical transformations via TERS necessitates a deeper fundamental understanding of the optical signatures of molecular reorientation and multipolar Raman scattering, both of which may be driven by local optical field gradients that are operative in TERS. We illustrate these concepts and introduce the readers to the generally less appreciated and equally exciting world of TERS on the left-hand side of the Schrödinger equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Z. El-Khoury
- Chemical Physics and Analysis Group, Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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5
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Collette R, Garfinkel DA, Hu Z, Masiello DJ, Rack PD. Near field excited state imaging via stimulated electron energy gain spectroscopy of localized surface plasmon resonances in plasmonic nanorod antennas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12537. [PMID: 32719406 PMCID: PMC7385139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous wave (cw) photon stimulated electron energy loss and gain spectroscopy (sEELS and sEEGS) is used to image the near field of optically stimulated localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes in nanorod antennas. An optical delivery system equipped with a nanomanipulator and a fiber-coupled laser diode is used to simultaneously irradiate plasmonic nanostructures in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope. The nanorod length is varied such that the m = 1, 2, and 3 LSPR modes are resonant with the laser energy and the optically stimulated near field spectra and images of these modes are measured. Various nanorod orientations are also investigated to explore retardation effects. Optical and electron beam simulations are used to rationalize the observed patterns. As expected, the odd modes are optically bright and result in observed sEEG responses. The m = 2 dark mode does not produce a sEEG response, however, when tilted such that retardation effects are operative, the sEEG signal emerges. Thus, we demonstrate that cw sEEGS is an effective tool in imaging the near field of the full set of nanorod plasmon modes of either parity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Collette
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - David A Garfinkel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhongwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Philip D Rack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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6
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Da Browski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Plasmons in Space and Time. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6247-6287. [PMID: 32530607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly growing field spanning research and applications across chemistry, physics, optics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has demonstrated unprecedented power in the characterization of surface plasmons and other electronic excitations, as it uniquely combines the requisite spatial and temporal resolution, making it ideally suited for 3D space and time coherent imaging of the dynamical plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale. The ability to visualize plasmonic fields evolving at the local speed of light on subwavelength scale with optical phase resolution illuminates old phenomena and opens new directions for growth of plasmonics research. In this review, we guide the reader thorough experimental description of PEEM as a characterization tool for both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmons and summarize the exciting progress it has opened by the ultrafast imaging of plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Da Browski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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7
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Gellé A, Jin T, de la Garza L, Price GD, Besteiro LV, Moores A. Applications of Plasmon-Enhanced Nanocatalysis to Organic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 120:986-1041. [PMID: 31725267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gellé
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Luis de la Garza
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gareth D. Price
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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8
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Kolhatkar G, Merlen A, Zhang J, Dab C, Wallace GQ, Lagugné-Labarthet F, Ruediger A. Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:1536-1543. [PMID: 29977686 PMCID: PMC6009220 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple, fast, efficient and non-destructive method to study the optical near-field properties of plasmonic nanotriangles prepared by nanosphere lithography. Using a rectangular Fourier filter on the blurred signal together with filtering of the lower spatial frequencies to remove the far-field contribution, the pure near-field contributions of the optical images were extracted. We performed measurements using two excitation wavelengths (532.1 nm and 632.8 nm) and two different polarizations. After the processing of the optical images, the distribution of hot spots can be correlated with the topography of the structures, as indicated by the presence of brighter spots at the apexes of the nanostructures. This technique is validated by comparison of the results to numerical simulations, where agreement is obtained, thereby confirming the near-field nature of the images. Our approach does not require any advanced equipment and we suggest that it could be applied to any type of sample, while keeping the measurement times reasonably short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Kolhatkar
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Merlen
- IM2NP, UMR CNRS 7334, Aix Marseille Université et Université de Toulon, Site de l’Université de Toulon, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France
- Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, École Centrale de Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Chahinez Dab
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Gregory Q Wallace
- Western University (The University of Western Ontario), Chemistry Department and Centre for Materials and Biomaterials, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - François Lagugné-Labarthet
- Western University (The University of Western Ontario), Chemistry Department and Centre for Materials and Biomaterials, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Andreas Ruediger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux, Télécommunications, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1S2, Varennes, Québec, Canada
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9
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Dab C, Awada C, Merlen A, Ruediger A. Near-field chemical mapping of gold nanostructures using a functionalized scanning probe. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:31063-31071. [PMID: 29159349 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on photochemical and photophysical properties produced by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) on metallic nanograins by means of high resolution Functionalized Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (F-TERS). This technique relies on a sharp gold tip functionalized with Raman-active molecules to be scanned relatively to plasmonic hot-spots on a surface. We describe the local variation of plasmon-induced Raman enhancement on the surface of nanostructures that also affects the photochemistry while the quantitative interpretation of peak intensities requires the consideration of surface topography near the tip apex. Our F-TERS maps show Raman modes of hot electron reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) molecules on the tip and indicate at least partial photochemical dimerization. An apparent photo-induced reversibility of this dimerization can be conservatively explained by a local topography feature that we simulate in a finite element environment. Our experimental results reveal a spatial resolution of approximately 10 nm, corresponding to a few hundred 4-NTP molecules exposed to the near-field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dab
- Nanophotonics-Nanoelectronics, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes J3X 1S2, Canada.
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10
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Kolhatkar G, Plathier J, Pignolet A, Ruediger A. Effect of the gold crystallinity on the enhanced luminescence signal of scanning probe tips in apertureless near-field optical microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:25929-25937. [PMID: 29041255 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.025929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of gold tip crystallinity on their spectral amplification characteristics, monitored through the luminescence enhanced by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), is investigated experimentally. As the tip radius increases, the grains composing polycrystalline tips become larger, resulting in a blueshift of the emission while a redshift of the SPR was predicted for monocrystalline gold. This reveals that the effect of the grain size, a parameter that has not been considered so far, is dominant over that of the tip radius. This study is significant to apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy, where the gold tip emission defines the spectral antenna range.
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11
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Chorsi HT, Zhu Y, Zhang JXJ. Patterned Plasmonic Surfaces-Theory, Fabrication, and Applications in Biosensing. JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS : A JOINT IEEE AND ASME PUBLICATION ON MICROSTRUCTURES, MICROACTUATORS, MICROSENSORS, AND MICROSYSTEMS 2017; 26:718-739. [PMID: 29276365 PMCID: PMC5736324 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2017.2699864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-profile patterned plasmonic surfaces are synergized with a broad class of silicon microstructures to greatly enhance near-field nanoscale imaging, sensing, and energy harvesting coupled with far-field free-space detection. This concept has a clear impact on several key areas of interest for the MEMS community, including but not limited to ultra-compact microsystems for sensitive detection of small number of target molecules, and "surface" devices for optical data storage, micro-imaging and displaying. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art in plasmonic theory as well as derive design guidance for plasmonic integration with microsystems, fabrication techniques, and selected applications in biosensing, including refractive-index based label-free biosensing, plasmonic integrated lab-on-chip systems, plasmonic near-field scanning optical microscopy and plasmonics on-chip systems for cellular imaging. This paradigm enables low-profile conformal surfaces on microdevices, rather than bulk material or coatings, which provide clear advantages for physical, chemical and biological-related sensing, imaging, and light harvesting, in addition to easier realization, enhanced flexibility, and tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid T Chorsi
- Thayer School of engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Ying Zhu
- Thayer School of engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
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12
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van Hoorn CH, Wessels C, Ariese F, Mank AJG. Fast High-Resolution Screening Method for Reactive Surfaces by Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1551-1559. [PMID: 28664782 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816683528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A fast high-resolution screening method for reactive surfaces is presented. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are combined in one method in order to be able to obtain both morphological and chemical information about processes at a surface. In order to accurately align the AFM and SERS images, an alignment pattern on the substrate material is exploited. Subsequent SERS scans with sub-micron resolution are recorded in 30 min per scan for an area of 100 × 100 µm2 and are accompanied by morphological information, supplied by a fast AFM, of the same area. Hence, a complete reactivity overview is obtained within several hours with only a monolayer of reactant. To demonstrate the working principle of this method, a SERS substrate containing the alignment pattern and silver nanoparticle aggregates as catalytic sites is prepared to study the photo-catalytic reduction of p-nitrothiophenol ( p-NTP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camiel H van Hoorn
- 1 Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Wessels
- 1 Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Ariese
- 1 Faculty of Sciences and LaserLaB, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J G Mank
- 2 Philips Lighting, High-Tech Campus, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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13
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Tumkur TU, Yang X, Cerjan B, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Thomann I. Photoinduced Force Mapping of Plasmonic Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7942-7949. [PMID: 27960494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to image the optical near-fields of nanoscale structures, map their morphology, and concurrently obtain spectroscopic information, all with high spatiotemporal resolution, is a highly sought-after technique in nanophotonics. As a step toward this goal, we demonstrate the mapping of electromagnetic forces between a nanoscale tip and an optically excited sample consisting of plasmonic nanostructures with an imaging platform based on atomic force microscopy. We present the first detailed joint experimental-theoretical study of this type of photoinduced force microscopy. We show that the enhancement of near-field optical forces in gold disk dimers and nanorods follows the expected plasmonic field enhancements with strong polarization sensitivity. We then introduce a new way to evaluate optically induced tip-sample forces by simulating realistic geometries of the tip and sample. We decompose the calculated forces into in-plane and out-of-plane components and compare the calculated and measured force enhancements in the fabricated plasmonic structures. Finally, we show the usefulness of photoinduced force mapping for characterizing the heterogeneity of near-field enhancements in precisely e-beam fabricated nominally alike nanostructures - a capability of widespread interest for precise nanomanufacturing, SERS, and photocatalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejaswi U Tumkur
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Benjamin Cerjan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Isabell Thomann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, §Department of Chemistry, ∥Laboratory for Nanophotonics, ⊥Rice Quantum Institute, and #Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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14
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Koya AN, Lin J. Modelling and controlled enhancement of gap plasmon responses of strongly coupled gold nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2247135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingquan Lin
- Changchun Univ. of Science and Technology (China)
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15
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Hou R, Shynkar V, Lafargue C, Kolkowski R, Zyss J, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Second harmonic generation from gold meta-molecules with three-fold symmetry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7956-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polarization dependence SHG measurements reveal four-lobe patterns which can be assigned to structures with three-fold symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hou
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Vasyl Shynkar
- Laboratory of Quantum and Molecular Photonics
- Institut d'Alembert, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
- 94230 Cachan
- France
| | - Clément Lafargue
- Laboratory of Quantum and Molecular Photonics
- Institut d'Alembert, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
- 94230 Cachan
- France
| | - Radoslaw Kolkowski
- Laboratory of Quantum and Molecular Photonics
- Institut d'Alembert, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
- 94230 Cachan
- France
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group
| | - Joseph Zyss
- Laboratory of Quantum and Molecular Photonics
- Institut d'Alembert, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan
- 94230 Cachan
- France
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16
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Fitzgerald JPS, Word RC, Könenkamp R. Theoretical estimates of spherical and chromatic aberration in photoemission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 160:252-255. [PMID: 26555325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We present theoretical estimates of the mean coefficients of spherical and chromatic aberration for low energy photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). Using simple analytic models, we find that the aberration coefficients depend primarily on the difference between the photon energy and the photoemission threshold, as expected. However, the shape of the photoelectron spectral distribution impacts the coefficients by up to 30%. These estimates should allow more precise correction of aberration in PEEM in experimental situations where the aberration coefficients and precise electron energy distribution cannot be readily measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P S Fitzgerald
- Portland State University, Department of Physics, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, United States.
| | - R C Word
- Portland State University, Department of Physics, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, United States
| | - R Könenkamp
- Portland State University, Department of Physics, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, United States
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17
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Merlen A, Chaigneau M, Coussan S. Vibrational modes of aminothiophenol: a TERS and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19134-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) mapping and Density Functional (DFT) calculations of aminothiophenol (ATP) grafted on a gold surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Merlen
- IM2NP
- UMR-CNRS 7334
- Site de l'Université de Toulon
- 83957 La Garde Cedex
- France
| | - M. Chaigneau
- LPICM
- UMR-CNRS 7647
- Ecole Polytechnique
- Palaiseau
- France
| | - S. Coussan
- Laboratoire Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires
- UMR 7345-CNRS
- Aix-Marseille Université
- Centre St-Jérôme
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
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