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Coia H, Ma N, He AR, Kallakury B, Berry DL, Permaul E, Makambi KH, Fu Y, Chung FL. Detection of a lipid peroxidation-induced DNA adduct across liver disease stages. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2018; 7:85-97. [PMID: 29744335 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2017.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation can increase cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation (LPO) when associated with the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which can develop following the progression of steatosis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Using a monoclonal antibody for cyclic γ-hydroxy-1, N2 -propanodeoxyguanosine (γ-OHPdG), a promutagenic DNA adduct formed endogenously by LPO, we examined its formation across liver disease stages to understand it's potential role in HCC development. Methods Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) liver tissue samples from 49 patients representing normal, steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC were stained for γ-OHPdG and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG), an oxidative damage biomarker. Quantification of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using histological scoring of intensity and distribution. Using primary human hepatocytes (HH) and a stellate cell (SC) co-culture, immunocytochemical staining of γ-OHPdG and Nile Red was performed to determine if the formation of γ-OHPdG was consistent between the clinical sample disease stages and the in vitro steatotic and fibrotic conditions. Results γ-OHPdG levels varied significantly between the stages of normal and steatosis, steatosis and fibrosis, and steatosis and cirrhosis (P≤0.005). There was a trend, although not significant, of increased levels of γ-OHPdG in HCC compared to the other groups. A strong correlation was observed (Pearson's, R2 =0.85) between levels of γ-OHPdG and 8-oxo-dG across the disease spectrum. The increase of γ-OHPdG in steatosis and decrease in fibrosis was a pattern confirmed in an in vitro model using primary HH co-cultured with human SCs. Conclusions γ-OHPdG was detected in FFPE liver tissues of patients with different stages of liver disease and in vitro studies, demonstrating that its formation is consistent with LPO in early stages of liver disease and suggesting that it may be a source of mutagenic DNA damage in liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Coia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aiwu Ruth He
- Department of Oncology, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deborah L Berry
- Department of Oncology, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eva Permaul
- Department of Oncology, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kepher H Makambi
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Oncology, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Oncology, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Li X, Liu L, Wang H, Chen J, Zhu B, Chen H, Hou H, Hu Q. Simultaneous analysis of six aldehyde-DNA adducts in salivary DNA of nonsmokers and smokers using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:451-459. [PMID: 28683397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A stable method, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), to simultaneously determine six aldehyde-DNA adducts was developed and applied to the analysis of human salivary DNA samples. The detection limit of these six DNA adducts was in the range of 0.006-0.014ng/mL and that of the quantification limit was 0.017-0.026ng/mL. The intra-day and inter-day precision of all aldehyde-DNA adducts was <10%. The analysis was completed within 25min. Additionally, a noninvasive technique was used to collect the DNA samples from human saliva. The new method was successfully applied for the analysis of salivary DNA of nonsmokers and smokers. Five aldehyde-DNA adducts were detected in both smoker and nonsmoker salivary DNA, while α-Acr-dG was not detected in all the samples. Among these detected DNA adducts, no significant differences were found between smoker and nonsmoker (p>0.05). This may due to the individual detoxifying differences or environmental and endogenous exposure. Our study provides a rapid and selective method to simultaneously detect six aldehyde-DNA adducts and to assess potential DNA damage induced by aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lujuan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongjuan Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huan Chen
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Qingyuan Hu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision & Test Centre, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Hecht SS. Oral Cell DNA Adducts as Potential Biomarkers for Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Cigarette Smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:367-375. [PMID: 28092948 PMCID: PMC5310195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This perspective considers the use of oral cell DNA adducts, together with exposure and genetic information, to potentially identify those cigarette smokers at highest risk for lung cancer, so that appropriate preventive measures could be initiated at a relatively young age before too much damage has been done. There are now well established and validated analytical methods for the quantitation of urinary and serum metabolites of tobacco smoke toxicants and carcinogens. These metabolites provide a profile of exposure and in some cases lung cancer risk, but they do not yield information on the critical DNA damage parameter that leads to mutations in cancer growth control genes such as KRAS and TP53. Studies demonstrate a correlation between changes in the oral cavity and lung in cigarette smokers, due to the field effect of tobacco smoke. Oral cell DNA is readily obtained in contrast to DNA samples from the lung. Studies in which oral cell DNA and salivary DNA have been analyzed for specific DNA adducts are reviewed; some of the adducts identified have also been previously reported in lung DNA from smokers. The multiple challenges of developing a panel of oral cell DNA adducts that could be routinely quantified by mass spectrometry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Pan J, Awoyemi B, Xuan Z, Vohra P, Wang HT, Dyba M, Greenspan E, Fu Y, Creswell K, Zhang L, Berry D, Tang MS, Chung FL. Detection of acrolein-derived cyclic DNA adducts in human cells by monoclonal antibodies. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:2788-95. [PMID: 23126278 PMCID: PMC3561715 DOI: 10.1021/tx3004104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein (Acr) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant found in cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust. It can also be produced endogenously by oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Acr-derived 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine (Acr-dG) adducts in DNA are mutagenic lesions that are potentially involved in human cancers. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were raised against Acr-dG adducts and characterized using ELISA. They showed strong reactivity and specificity toward Acr-dG, weaker reactivity toward crotonaldehyde- and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-derived 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosines, and weak or no reactivity toward 1,N(6)-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. Using these antibodies, we developed assays to detect Acr-dG in vivo: first, a simple and quick FACS-based assay for detecting these adducts directly in cells; second, a highly sensitive direct ELISA assay for measuring Acr-dG in cells and tissues using only 1 μg of DNA without DNA digestion and sample enrichment; and third, a competitive ELISA for better quantitative measurement of Acr-dG levels in DNA samples. The assays were validated using Acr-treated HT29 cell DNA samples or calf thymus DNA, and the results were confirmed by LC-MS/MS-MRM. An immunohistochemical assay was also developed to detect and visualize Acr-dG in HT29 cells as well as in human oral cells. These antibody-based methods provide useful tools for the studies of Acr-dG as a cancer biomarker and of the molecular mechanisms by which cells respond to Acr-dG as a ubiquitous DNA lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishen Pan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Bisola Awoyemi
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Zhuoli Xuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Priya Vohra
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | | | - Marcin Dyba
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Emily Greenspan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Ying Fu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Karen Creswell
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Deborah Berry
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
| | | | - Fung-Lung Chung
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057
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