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Lichner Z, Ding M, Khare T, Dan Q, Benitez R, Praszner M, Song X, Saleeb R, Hinz B, Pei Y, Szászi K, Kapus A. Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor Mediates Epithelial Fibrogenesis in Polycystic Kidney Disease. Cells 2024; 13:984. [PMID: 38891116 PMCID: PMC11172104 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by extensive cyst formation and progressive fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby the loss/loss-of-function of Polycystin 1 or 2 (PC1/2) provokes fibrosis are largely unknown. The small GTPase RhoA has been recently implicated in cystogenesis, and we identified the RhoA/cytoskeleton/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) pathway as an emerging mediator of epithelium-induced fibrogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that MRTF is activated by PC1/2 loss and plays a critical role in the fibrogenic reprogramming of the epithelium. The loss of PC1 or PC2, induced by siRNA in vitro, activated RhoA and caused cytoskeletal remodeling and robust nuclear MRTF translocation and overexpression. These phenomena were also manifested in PKD1 (RC/RC) and PKD2 (WS25/-) mice, with MRTF translocation and overexpression occurring predominantly in dilated tubules and the cyst-lining epithelium, respectively. In epithelial cells, a large cohort of PC1/PC2 downregulation-induced genes was MRTF-dependent, including cytoskeletal, integrin-related, and matricellular/fibrogenic proteins. Epithelial MRTF was necessary for the paracrine priming of the fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Thus, MRTF acts as a prime inducer of epithelial fibrogenesis in PKD. We propose that RhoA is a common upstream inducer of both histological hallmarks of PKD: cystogenesis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Lichner
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Mei Ding
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tarang Khare
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Enrich Bioscience, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Raquel Benitez
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Mercédesz Praszner
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Xuewen Song
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Rola Saleeb
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - York Pei
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (Z.L.); (T.K.); (R.S.); (K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Molecular pathways involved in injury-repair and ADPKD progression. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109648. [PMID: 32320858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The major hallmark of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which ultimately impairs the normal renal structure and function, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). A large body of evidence suggests that injury-repair mechanisms are part of ADPKD progression. Once cysts have been formed, proliferation and fluid secretion contribute to the cyst size increase, which eventually causes stress on the surrounding tissue resulting in local injury and fibrosis. In addition, renal injury can cause or accelerate cyst formation. In this review, we will describe the various mechanisms activated during renal injury and tissue repair and show how they largely overlap with the molecular mechanisms activated during PKD progression. In particular, we will discuss molecular mechanisms such as proliferation, inflammation, cell differentiation, cytokines and growth factors secretion, which are activated following the renal injury to allow the remodelling of the tissue and a proper organ repair. We will also underline how, in a context of PKD-related gene mutations, aberrant or chronic activation of these developmental pathways and repair/remodelling mechanisms results in exacerbation of the disease.
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Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Related to All-cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients and Is Lowered by On-line Hemodiafiltration: Results from the Convective Transport Study. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050268. [PMID: 31086050 PMCID: PMC6563290 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis. The aminoterminal fragment of CTGF is a middle molecule that accumulates in chronic kidney disease. The aims of this study are to explore determinants of plasma CTGF in hemodialysis (HD) patients, investigate whether CTGF relates to all-cause mortality in HD patients, and investigate whether online-hemodiafiltration (HDF) lowers CTGF. Data from 404 patients participating in the CONvective TRAnsport STudy (CONTRAST) were analyzed. Patients were randomized to low-flux HD or HDF. Pre-dialysis CTGF was measured by sandwich ELISA at baseline, after six and 12 months. CTGF was inversely related in multivariable analysis to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (p < 0.001) and positively to cardiovascular disease (CVD) (p = 0.006), dialysis vintage (p < 0.001), interleukin-6 (p < 0.001), beta-2-microglobulin (p = 0.045), polycystic kidney disease (p < 0.001), tubulointerstitial nephritis (p = 0.002), and renal vascular disease (p = 0.041). Patients in the highest quartile had a higher mortality risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.02-2.88, p = 0.043). HDF lowered CTGF with 4.8% between baseline and six months, whereas during HD, CTGF increased with 4.9% (p < 0.001). In conclusion, in HD patients, CTGF is related to GFR, CVD and underlying renal disease and increased the risk of all-cause mortality. HDF reduces CTGF.
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Tsai HC, Chang AC, Tsai CH, Huang YL, Gan L, Chen CK, Liu SC, Huang TY, Fong YC, Tang CH. CCN2 promotes drug resistance in osteosarcoma by enhancing ABCG2 expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9297-9307. [PMID: 30317661 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, osteosarcoma survival rates have failed to improve significantly with conventional treatment modalities because of the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The human breast cancer resistance protein/ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (BCRP/ABCG2), a member of the ATP-binding cassette family, uses ATP hydrolysis to expel xenobiotics and chemotherapeutics from cells. CCN family member 2 (CCN2) is a secreted protein that modulates the biological function of cancer cells, enhanced ABCG2 protein expression and activation in this study via the α6β1 integrin receptor and increased osteosarcoma cell viability. CCN2 treatment downregulated miR-519d expression, which promoted ABCG2 expression. In a mouse xenograft model, knockdown of CCN2 expression increased the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin, which was reversed by ABCG2 overexpression. Our data show that CCN2 increases ABCG2 expression and promotes drug resistance through the α6β1 integrin receptor, whereas CCN2 downregulates miR-519d. CCN2 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic concept in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Tsai
- Department of Scientific Education, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - An-Chen Chang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lijun Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Qinghai Red Cross Hospital, Qinghai, China
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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