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Selezneva A, Gibb AJ, Willis D. The Nuclear Envelope as a Regulator of Immune Cell Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840069. [PMID: 35757775 PMCID: PMC9226455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of the nuclear envelope (NE) was that it represented a relatively inert physical barrier within the cell, whose main purpose was to separate the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm. However, recent research suggests that this is far from the case, with new and important cellular functions being attributed to this organelle. In this review we describe research suggesting an important contribution of the NE and its constituents in regulating the functions of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. One of the standout properties of immune cells is their ability to migrate around the body, allowing them to carry out their physiological/pathophysiology cellular role at the appropriate location. This together with the physiological role of the tissue, changes in tissue matrix composition due to disease and aging, and the activation status of the immune cell, all result in immune cells being subjected to different mechanical forces. We report research which suggests that the NE may be an important sensor/transducer of these mechanical signals and propose that the NE is an integrator of both mechanical and chemical signals, allowing the cells of the innate immune system to precisely regulate gene transcription and functionality. By presenting this overview we hope to stimulate the interests of researchers into this often-overlooked organelle and propose it should join the ranks of mitochondria and phagosome, which are important organelles contributing to immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selezneva
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Willis
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Vosberg S, Hartmann L, Metzeler KH, Konstandin NP, Schneider S, Varadharajan A, Hauser A, Krebs S, Blum H, Bohlander SK, Hiddemann W, Tischer J, Spiekermann K, Greif PA. Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is associated with gain of WT1 alterations and high mutation load. Haematologica 2018; 103:e581-e584. [PMID: 29954937 PMCID: PMC6269290 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.193102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vosberg
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Luise Hartmann
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Nikola P Konstandin
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Ashok Varadharajan
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia and Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tischer
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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Klegeris A, Choi HB, McLarnon JG, McGeer PL. Functional ryanodine receptors are expressed by human microglia and THP-1 cells: Their possible involvement in modulation of neurotoxicity. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:2207-15. [PMID: 17526017 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are intracellular Ca(2+) channels that mediate the release of calcium from internal stores and therefore play an important role in Ca(2+) signaling and homeostasis. Three RyR isoforms have been described thus far, and various areas of brain are known to express each of them. It is well established that neurons can express different RyR isoforms, but it is not known whether microglial cells do so. In the present study we showed that cultured human microglia from both fetal and adult brain specimens express mRNA for RyR1 and RyR2, whereas RyR3 mRNA can be detected only in fetal microglial cells. Calcium spectrofluorometry showed that high levels of the RyR agonist 4-chloro-m-cresol (4-CmC, 1-5 mM) induced elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in both types of cultured human microglial cells. This effect was attenuated by the RyR antagonist 1,1'-diheptyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide (DHBP, 10 microM). Neurotoxicity of conditioned medium from human microglia and THP-1 monocytic cells stimulated with a combination of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or alpha-synuclein was diminished by DHBP. It was also diminished by 4-CmC at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than those used to stimulate intracellular Ca(2+) release. These data indicate that human microglial cells express functional RyRs and that selective RyR ligands exert antineurotoxic action on this cell type. Therefore, RyR ligands may represent a novel class of compounds that have utility in reducing microglial-mediated inflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andis Klegeris
- Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Rogers RC, Van Meter MJ, Hermann GE. Tumor necrosis factor potentiates central vagal afferent signaling by modulating ryanodine channels. J Neurosci 2006; 26:12642-6. [PMID: 17151266 PMCID: PMC6674848 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3530-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease processes such as infection, leukemia, and autoimmune disorders are often associated with nausea, emesis, and anorexia. A common denominator of these rather disparate states is the production of the early, proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in significant quantities. Recent studies have shown that TNF may act as a neuromodulator in the hindbrain to produce malaise by potentiating visceral afferent signaling at the central processes of the vagus nerve. However, the mechanism by which TNF produces this signal amplification is not known. Our time-lapse calcium imaging studies of individual central vagal afferent varicosities in the caudal brainstem slice preparation show that, although TNF has minimal direct effects to elevate terminal intracellular calcium levels, TNF does potentiate the terminal afferent responses to other stimuli through a ryanodine-based, calcium-induced calcium release mechanism. Such a scheme may explain how TNF sensitizes visceral as well as somatosensory primary afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Rogers
- Laboratory of Autonomic Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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Goth SR, Chu RA, Gregg JP, Cherednichenko G, Pessah IN. Uncoupling of ATP-mediated calcium signaling and dysregulated interleukin-6 secretion in dendritic cells by nanomolar thimerosal. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:1083-91. [PMID: 16835063 PMCID: PMC1513334 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) , a rare cell type widely distributed in the soma, are potent antigen-presenting cells that initiate primary immune responses. DCs rely on intracellular redox state and calcium (Ca2+) signals for proper development and function, but the relationship between these two signaling systems is unclear. Thimerosal (THI) is a mercurial used to preserve vaccines and consumer products, and is used experimentally to induce Ca2+ release from microsomal stores. We tested adenosine triphosphate (ATP) -mediated Ca2+ responses of DCs transiently exposed to nanomolar THI. Transcriptional and immunocytochemical analyses show that murine myeloid immature DCs (IDCs) and mature DCs (MDCs) express inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels, known targets of THI. IDCs express the RyR1 isoform in a punctate distribution that is densest near plasma membranes and within dendritic processes, whereas IP3Rs are more generally distributed. RyR1 positively and negatively regulates purinergic signaling because ryanodine (Ry) blockade a) recruited 80% more ATP responders, b) shortened ATP-mediated Ca2+ transients > 2-fold, and c) produced a delayed and persistent rise (>/= 2-fold) in baseline Ca2+. THI (100 nM, 5 min) recruited more ATP responders, shortened the ATP-mediated Ca2+ transient (>/= 1.4-fold) , and produced a delayed rise (>/= 3-fold) in the Ca2+ baseline, mimicking Ry. THI and Ry, in combination, produced additive effects leading to uncoupling of IP3R and RyR1 signals. THI altered ATP-mediated interleukin-6 secretion, initially enhancing the rate of cytokine secretion but suppressing cytokine secretion overall in DCs.DCs are exquisitely sensitive to THI, with one mechanism involving the uncoupling of positive and negative regulation of Ca2+ signals contributed by RyR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Goth
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center for Children's Environmental Health, and Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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