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Soos BL, Ballinger A, Weinstein M, Foreman H, Grampone J, Weafer S, Aylesworth C, King BL. Color-Flu Fluorescent Reporter Influenza A Viruses Allow for In Vivo Studies of Innate Immune Function in Zebrafish. Viruses 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38275965 PMCID: PMC10818453 DOI: 10.3390/v16010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection can cause severe respiratory disease and is estimated to cause millions of illnesses annually. Studies on the contribution of the innate immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) to viral pathogenesis may yield new antiviral strategies. Zebrafish larvae are useful models for studying the innate immune response to pathogens, including IAV, in vivo. Here, we demonstrate how Color-flu, four fluorescent IAV strains originally developed for mice, can be used to study the host response to infection by simultaneously monitoring infected cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in vivo. Using this model, we show how the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, and mitophagy inhibitor, MDIVI-1, improved survival, decreased viral burden, and improved the respiratory burst response to IAV infection. The Color-flu zebrafish larvae model of IAV infection is complementary to other models where the dynamics of infection and the response of innate immune cells can be visualized in a transparent host in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy-Lee Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Alec Ballinger
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Mykayla Weinstein
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Haley Foreman
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Julianna Grampone
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Samuel Weafer
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Connor Aylesworth
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
| | - Benjamin L. King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; (B.-L.S.); (A.B.); (M.W.); (H.F.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (C.A.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Bastos TSB, de Paula AGP, Dos Santos Luz RB, Garnique AMB, Belo MAA, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Ferraris FK, de Pontes LG, França TT, Barcellos LJG, Veras FP, Bermejo P, Guidelli G, Maneira C, da Silveira Bezerra de Mello F, Teixeira G, Pereira GAG, Fernandes BHV, Sanches PRS, Braz HLB, Jorge RJB, Malafaia G, Cilli EM, Olivier DDS, do Amaral MS, Medeiros RJ, Condino-Neto A, Carvalho LR, Machado-Santelli GM, Charlie-Silva I, Galindo-Villegas J, Braga TT. A novel insight on SARS-CoV-2 S-derived fragments in the control of the host immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8060. [PMID: 37198208 PMCID: PMC10191404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts to combat the pandemic of COVID-19, we are still living with high numbers of infected persons, an overburdened health care system, and the lack of an effective and definitive treatment. Understanding the pathophysiology of the disease is crucial for the development of new technologies and therapies for the best clinical management of patients. Since the manipulation of the whole virus requires a structure with an adequate level of biosafety, the development of alternative technologies, such as the synthesis of peptides from viral proteins, is a possible solution to circumvent this problem. In addition, the use and validation of animal models is of extreme importance to screen new drugs and to compress the organism's response to the disease. Peptides derived from recombinant S protein from SARS-CoV-2 were synthesized and validated by in silico, in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Macrophages and neutrophils were challenged with the peptides and the production of inflammatory mediators and activation profile were evaluated. These peptides were also inoculated into the swim bladder of transgenic zebrafish larvae at 6 days post fertilization (dpf) to mimic the inflammatory process triggered by the virus, which was evaluated by confocal microscopy. In addition, toxicity and oxidative stress assays were also developed. In silico and molecular dynamics assays revealed that the peptides bind to the ACE2 receptor stably and interact with receptors and adhesion molecules, such as MHC and TCR, from humans and zebrafish. Macrophages stimulated with one of the peptides showed increased production of NO, TNF-α and CXCL2. Inoculation of the peptides in zebrafish larvae triggered an inflammatory process marked by macrophage recruitment and increased mortality, as well as histopathological changes, similarly to what is observed in individuals with COVID-19. The use of peptides is a valuable alternative for the study of host immune response in the context of COVID-19. The use of zebrafish as an animal model also proved to be appropriate and effective in evaluating the inflammatory process, comparable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anali M B Garnique
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD) Special Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center of Innovation and Development, Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Klabund Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia Gomes de Pontes
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tábata Takahashi França
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Gil Barcellos
- Laboratory of Fish Physiology, Graduate Program of Bioexperimentation, University of Passo Fundo, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Flavio P Veras
- Center of Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pamela Bermejo
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Guidelli
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla Maneira
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Gleidson Teixeira
- Laboratório de Genômica e bioEnergia (LGE), Institute of Biology - Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca H Ventura Fernandes
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R S Sanches
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutai Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Serrou do Amaral
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Renata J Medeiros
- Laboratory of Physiology, INCQS/Fiocruz Zebrafish Facility, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department Immunology, Institute Biomedical Sciences, University São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciani R Carvalho
- Laboratório de Controle Genético e Sanitário, Diretoria Técnica de Apoio ao Ensino e Pesquisa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Machado-Santelli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo-ICB/USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Galindo-Villegas
- Department of Genomics, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Parana, Brazil.
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Leiba J, Özbilgiç R, Hernández L, Demou M, Lutfalla G, Yatime L, Nguyen-Chi M. Molecular Actors of Inflammation and Their Signaling Pathways: Mechanistic Insights from Zebrafish. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020153. [PMID: 36829432 PMCID: PMC9952950 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark of the physiological response to aggressions. It is orchestrated by a plethora of molecules that detect the danger, signal intracellularly, and activate immune mechanisms to fight the threat. Understanding these processes at a level that allows to modulate their fate in a pathological context strongly relies on in vivo studies, as these can capture the complexity of the whole process and integrate the intricate interplay between the cellular and molecular actors of inflammation. Over the years, zebrafish has proven to be a well-recognized model to study immune responses linked to human physiopathology. We here provide a systematic review of the molecular effectors of inflammation known in this vertebrate and recapitulate their modes of action, as inferred from sterile or infection-based inflammatory models. We present a comprehensive analysis of their sequence, expression, and tissue distribution and summarize the tools that have been developed to study their function. We further highlight how these tools helped gain insights into the mechanisms of immune cell activation, induction, or resolution of inflammation, by uncovering downstream receptors and signaling pathways. These progresses pave the way for more refined models of inflammation, mimicking human diseases and enabling drug development using zebrafish models.
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Sebo DJ, Fetsko AR, Phipps KK, Taylor MR. Functional identification of the zebrafish Interleukin-1 receptor in an embryonic model of Il-1β-induced systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039161. [PMID: 36389773 PMCID: PMC9643328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in the innate immune system. To observe the innate immune response in vivo, several transgenic zebrafish lines have been developed to model IL-1β-induced inflammation and to visualize immune cell migration and proliferation in real time. However, our understanding of the IL-1β response in zebrafish is limited due to an incomplete genome annotation and a lack of functional data for the cytokine receptors involved in the inflammatory process. Here, we use a combination of database mining, genetic analyses, and functional assays to identify zebrafish Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1 (Il1r1). We identified putative zebrafish il1r1 candidate genes that encode proteins with predicted structures similar to human IL1R1. To examine functionality of these candidates, we designed highly effective morpholinos to disrupt gene expression in a zebrafish model of embryonic Il-1β-induced systemic inflammation. In this double transgenic model, ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat , the zebrafish ubiquitin b (ubb) promoter drives expression of the modified Gal4 transcription factor fused to the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which in turn drives the tightly-regulated expression and secretion of mature Il-1β only in the presence of the ecdysone analog tebufenozide (Teb). Application of Teb to ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat embryos causes premature death, fin degradation, substantial neutrophil expansion, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To rescue these deleterious phenotypes, we injected ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat embryos with putative il1r1 morpholinos and found that knockdown of only one candidate gene prevented the adverse effects caused by Il-1β. Mosaic knockout of il1r1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system phenocopied these results. Taken together, our study identifies the functional zebrafish Il1r1 utilizing a genetic model of Il-1β-induced inflammation and provides valuable new insights to study inflammatory conditions specifically driven by Il-1β or related to Il1r1 function in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Sebo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Audrey R. Fetsko
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kallie K. Phipps
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael R. Taylor
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Carrizo V, Valenzuela CA, Aros C, Dettleff P, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escarate C, Altamirano C, Molina A, Valdés JA. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a Piscirickettsia salmonis-induced early inflammatory response in rainbow trout skeletal muscle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 39:100859. [PMID: 34087760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue in teleosts and is essential for movement and metabolism. Recently, it has been described that skeletal muscle can express and secrete immune-related molecules during pathogen infection. However, the role of this tissue during infection is poorly understood. To determine the immunocompetence of fish skeletal muscle, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis strain LF-89. P. salmonis is the etiological agent of piscirickettsiosis, a severe disease that has caused major economic losses in the aquaculture industry. This gram-negative bacterium produces a chronic systemic infection that involves several organs and tissues in salmonids. Using high-throughput RNA-seq, we found that 60 transcripts were upregulated in skeletal muscle, mostly associated with inflammatory response and positive regulation of interleukin-8 production. Conversely, 141 transcripts were downregulated in association with muscle filament sliding and actin filament-based movement. To validate these results, we performed in vitro experiments using rainbow trout myotubes. In myotubes coincubated with P. salmonis strain LF-89 at an MOI of 50, we found increased expression of the proinflammatory cytokine il1b and the pattern recognition receptor tlr5s 8 and 12 h after infection. These results demonstrated that fish skeletal muscle is an immunologically active organ that can implement an early immunological response against P. salmonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Carrizo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristián A Valenzuela
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Aros
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Phillip Dettleff
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Cultivos Celulares, Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370186 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
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6
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Sullivan C, Soos BL, Millard PJ, Kim CH, King BL. Modeling Virus-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish: A Balance Between Infection Control and Excessive Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636623. [PMID: 34025644 PMCID: PMC8138431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to viral infection in humans is a dynamic process with complex cell interactions that are governed by the immune system and influenced by both host and viral factors. Due to this complexity, the relative contributions of the virus and host factors are best studied in vivo using animal models. In this review, we describe how the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a powerful model to study host-virus interactions and inflammation by combining robust forward and reverse genetic tools with in vivo imaging of transparent embryos and larvae. The innate immune system has an essential role in the initial inflammatory response to viral infection. Focused studies of the innate immune response to viral infection are possible using the zebrafish model as there is a 4-6 week timeframe during development where they have a functional innate immune system dominated by neutrophils and macrophages. During this timeframe, zebrafish lack a functional adaptive immune system, so it is possible to study the innate immune response in isolation. Sequencing of the zebrafish genome has revealed significant genetic conservation with the human genome, and multiple studies have revealed both functional conservation of genes, including those critical to host cell infection and host cell inflammatory response. In addition to studying several fish viruses, zebrafish infection models have been developed for several human viruses, including influenza A, noroviruses, chikungunya, Zika, dengue, herpes simplex virus type 1, Sindbis, and hepatitis C virus. The development of these diverse viral infection models, coupled with the inherent strengths of the zebrafish model, particularly as it relates to our understanding of macrophage and neutrophil biology, offers opportunities for far more intensive studies aimed at understanding conserved host responses to viral infection. In this context, we review aspects relating to the evolution of innate immunity, including the evolution of viral pattern recognition receptors, interferons and interferon receptors, and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine at Augusta, Bangor, ME, United States
| | - Brandy-Lee Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Paul J Millard
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Carol H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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Straight CR, Ringham OR, Bartley JM, Keilich SR, Kuchel GA, Haynes L, Miller MS. Influenza Infection has Fiber Type-Specific Effects on Cellular and Molecular Skeletal Muscle Function in Aged Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:2333-2341. [PMID: 32492709 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myopathies represent a common non-pulmonary manifestation of influenza infection, leading to reduced physical function and hospitalization in older adults. However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our study examined the effects of influenza virus A pulmonary infection on contractile function at the cellular (single fiber) and molecular (myosin-actin interactions and myofilament properties) levels in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of aged (20 months) C57BL/6 male mice that were healthy or flu-infected for 7 (7-days post-infection; 7-DPI) or 12 days (12-DPI). Cross-sectional area (CSA) of myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA and IIB fibers was reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy. Maximal isometric force in MHC IIA fibers was also reduced at 12-DPI relative to 7-DPI and healthy, resulting in no change in specific force (maximal isometric force divided by CSA). In contrast, MHC IIB fibers produced greater isometric force and specific force at 7-DPI compared to 12-DPI or healthy. The increased specific force in MHC IIB fibers was likely due to greater myofilament lattice stiffness and/or an increased number or stiffness of strongly bound myosin-actin cross-bridges. At the molecular level, cross-bridge kinetics were slower in MHC IIA fibers with infection, while changes in MHC IIB fibers were largely absent. In both fiber types, greater myofilament lattice stiffness was positively related to specific force. This study provides novel evidence that cellular and molecular contractile function is impacted by influenza infection in a fiber type-specific manner, suggesting potential molecular mechanisms to help explain the impact of flu-induced myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Haynes
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington
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8
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Chua SCJH, Tan HQ, Engelberg D, Lim LHK. Alternative Experimental Models for Studying Influenza Proteins, Host-Virus Interactions and Anti-Influenza Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E147. [PMID: 31575020 PMCID: PMC6958409 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety years after the discovery of the virus causing the influenza disease, this malady remains one of the biggest public health threats to mankind. Currently available drugs and vaccines only partially reduce deaths and hospitalizations. Some of the reasons for this disturbing situation stem from the sophistication of the viral machinery, but another reason is the lack of a complete understanding of the molecular and physiological basis of viral infections and host-pathogen interactions. Even the functions of the influenza proteins, their mechanisms of action and interaction with host proteins have not been fully revealed. These questions have traditionally been studied in mammalian animal models, mainly ferrets and mice (as well as pigs and non-human primates) and in cell lines. Although obviously relevant as models to humans, these experimental systems are very complex and are not conveniently accessible to various genetic, molecular and biochemical approaches. The fact that influenza remains an unsolved problem, in combination with the limitations of the conventional experimental models, motivated increasing attempts to use the power of other models, such as low eukaryotes, including invertebrate, and primary cell cultures. In this review, we summarized the efforts to study influenza in yeast, Drosophila, zebrafish and primary human tissue cultures and the major contributions these studies have made toward a better understanding of the disease. We feel that these models are still under-utilized and we highlight the unique potential each model has for better comprehending virus-host interactions and viral protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja C J H Chua
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
| | - Hui Qing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
| | - David Engelberg
- CREATE-NUS-HUJ Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammatory Diseases Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore.
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.
- NUS Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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9
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Protective role for the N-terminal domain of α-dystroglycan in Influenza A virus proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11396-11401. [PMID: 31097590 PMCID: PMC6561248 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904493116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is a highly glycosylated basement membrane receptor that is cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin, which releases its N-terminal domain (α-DGN). Before cleavage, α-DGN interacts with the glycosyltransferase LARGE1 and initiates functional O-glycosylation of the mucin-like domain of α-DG. Notably, α-DGN has been detected in a wide variety of human bodily fluids, but the physiological significance of secreted α-DGN remains unknown. Here, we show that mice lacking α-DGN exhibit significantly higher viral titers in the lungs after Influenza A virus (IAV) infection (strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1), suggesting an inability to control virus load. Consistent with this, overexpression of α-DGN before infection or intranasal treatment with recombinant α-DGN prior and during infection, significantly reduced IAV titers in the lungs of wild-type mice. Hemagglutination inhibition assays using recombinant α-DGN showed in vitro neutralization of IAV. Collectively, our results support a protective role for α-DGN in IAV proliferation.
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10
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Coffey EC, Pasquarella ME, Goody MF, Henry CA. Ethanol Exposure Causes Muscle Degeneration in Zebrafish. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6010007. [PMID: 29615556 PMCID: PMC5875561 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic myopathies are characterized by neuromusculoskeletal symptoms such as compromised movement and weakness. Although these symptoms have been attributed to neurological damage, EtOH may also target skeletal muscle. EtOH exposure during zebrafish primary muscle development or adulthood results in smaller muscle fibers. However, the effects of EtOH exposure on skeletal muscle during the growth period that follows primary muscle development are not well understood. We determined the effects of EtOH exposure on muscle during this phase of development. Strikingly, muscle fibers at this stage are acutely sensitive to EtOH treatment: EtOH induces muscle degeneration. The severity of EtOH-induced muscle damage varies but muscle becomes more refractory to EtOH as muscle develops. NF-kB induction in muscle indicates that EtOH triggers a pro-inflammatory response. EtOH-induced muscle damage is p53-independent. Uptake of Evans blue dye shows that EtOH treatment causes sarcolemmal instability before muscle fiber detachment. Dystrophin-null sapje mutant zebrafish also exhibit sarcolemmal instability. We tested whether Trichostatin A (TSA), which reduces muscle degeneration in sapje mutants, would affect EtOH-treated zebrafish. We found that TSA and EtOH are a lethal combination. EtOH does, however, exacerbate muscle degeneration in sapje mutants. EtOH also disrupts adhesion of muscle fibers to their extracellular matrix at the myotendinous junction: some detached muscle fibers retain beta-Dystroglycan indicating failure of muscle end attachments. Overexpression of Paxillin, which reduces muscle degeneration in zebrafish deficient for beta-Dystroglycan, is not sufficient to rescue degeneration. Taken together, our results suggest that EtOH exposure has pleiotropic deleterious effects on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Coffey
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | | | - Michelle F Goody
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
| | - Clarissa A Henry
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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