1
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Damilou A, Cai L, Argunşah AÖ, Han S, Kanatouris G, Karatsoli M, Hanley O, Gesuita L, Kollmorgen S, Helmchen F, Karayannis T. Developmental Cajal-Retzius cell death contributes to the maturation of layer 1 cortical inhibition and somatosensory processing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6501. [PMID: 39090081 PMCID: PMC11294614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of developmental cell death in the formation of brain circuits is not well understood. Cajal-Retzius cells constitute a major transient neuronal population in the mammalian neocortex, which largely disappears at the time of postnatal somatosensory maturation. In this study, we used mouse genetics, anatomical, functional, and behavioral approaches to explore the impact of the early postnatal death of Cajal-Retzius cells in the maturation of the cortical circuit. We find that before their death, Cajal-Retzius cells mainly receive inputs from layer 1 neurons, which can only develop their mature connectivity onto layer 2/3 pyramidal cells after Cajal-Retzius cells disappear. This developmental connectivity progression from layer 1 GABAergic to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells regulates sensory-driven inhibition within, and more so, across cortical columns. Here we show that Cajal-Retzius cell death prevention leads to layer 2/3 hyper-excitability, delayed learning and reduced performance in a multi-whisker-dependent texture discrimination task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Damilou
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linbi Cai
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Özgür Argunşah
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shuting Han
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - George Kanatouris
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Karatsoli
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Hanley
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Gesuita
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sepp Kollmorgen
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute (HiFo), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University Research Priority Program (URPP), University of Zürich, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Riva M, Ferreira S, Hayashi K, Saillour Y, Medvedeva VP, Honda T, Hayashi K, Altersitz C, Albadri S, Rosello M, Dang J, Serafini M, Causeret F, Henry OJ, Roux CJ, Bellesme C, Freri E, Josifova D, Parrini E, Guerrini R, Del Bene F, Nakajima K, Bahi-Buisson N, Pierani A. De novo monoallelic Reelin missense variants cause dominant neuronal migration disorders via a dominant-negative mechanism. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e153097. [PMID: 38980724 PMCID: PMC11324310 DOI: 10.1172/jci153097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Reelin (RELN) is a secreted glycoprotein essential for cerebral cortex development. In humans, recessive RELN variants cause cortical and cerebellar malformations, while heterozygous variants were associated with epilepsy, autism, and mild cortical abnormalities. However, the functional effects of RELN variants remain unknown. We identified inherited and de novo RELN missense variants in heterozygous patients with neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) as diverse as pachygyria and polymicrogyria. We investigated in culture and in the developing mouse cerebral cortex how different variants impacted RELN function. Polymicrogyria-associated variants behaved as gain-of-function, showing an enhanced ability to induce neuronal aggregation, while those linked to pachygyria behaved as loss-of-function, leading to defective neuronal aggregation/migration. The pachygyria-associated de novo heterozygous RELN variants acted as dominant-negative by preventing WT RELN secretion in culture, animal models, and patients, thereby causing dominant NMDs. We demonstrated how mutant RELN proteins in vitro and in vivo predict cortical malformation phenotypes, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Riva
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Kotaro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Vera P. Medvedeva
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Takao Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanehiro Hayashi
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Claire Altersitz
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Shahad Albadri
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dang
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Malo Serafini
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Olivia J. Henry
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles-Joris Roux
- Pediatric Radiology, Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bellesme
- Pediatric Neurology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Université Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Elena Freri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Pediatriche Fondazione Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta,” Milan, Italy
| | - Dragana Josifova
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Parrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U968, CNRS UMR 7210, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, and
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Institut des Sciences Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, Paris, France
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3
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Luu P, Tucker DM. Continuity and change in neural plasticity through embryonic morphogenesis, fetal activity-dependent synaptogenesis, and infant memory consolidation. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22439. [PMID: 38010309 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
There is an apparent continuity in human neural development that can be traced to venerable themes of vertebrate morphogenesis that have shaped the evolution of the reptilian telencephalon (including both primitive three-layered cortex and basal ganglia) and then the subsequent evolution of the mammalian six-layered neocortex. In this theoretical analysis, we propose that an evolutionary-developmental analysis of these general morphogenetic themes can help to explain the embryonic development of the dual divisions of the limbic system that control the dorsal and ventral networks of the human neocortex. These include the archicortical (dorsal limbic) Papez circuits regulated by the hippocampus that organize spatial, contextual memory, as well as the paleocortical (ventral limbic) circuits that organize object memory. We review evidence that these dorsal and ventral limbic divisions are controlled by the differential actions of brainstem lemnothalamic and midbrain collothalamic arousal control systems, respectively, thereby traversing the vertebrate subcortical neuraxis. These dual control systems are first seen shaping the phyletic morphogenesis of the archicortical and paleocortical foundations of the forebrain in embryogenesis. They then provide dual modes of activity-dependent synaptic organization in the active (lemnothalamic) and quiet (collothalamic) stages of fetal sleep. Finally, these regulatory systems mature to form the major systems of memory consolidation of postnatal development, including the rapid eye movement (lemnothalamic) consolidation of implicit memory and social attachment in the first year, and then-in a subsequent stage-the non-REM (collothalamic) consolidation of explicit memory that is integral to the autonomy and individuation of the second year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Luu
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Don M Tucker
- Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory Company, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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4
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Moreau MX, Saillour Y, Elorriaga V, Bouloudi B, Delberghe E, Deutsch Guerrero T, Ochandorena-Saa A, Maeso-Alonso L, Marques MM, Marin MC, Spassky N, Pierani A, Causeret F. Repurposing of the multiciliation gene regulatory network in fate specification of Cajal-Retzius neurons. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1365-1382.e6. [PMID: 37321213 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are key players in cerebral cortex development, and they display a unique transcriptomic identity. Here, we use scRNA-seq to reconstruct the differentiation trajectory of mouse hem-derived CRs, and we unravel the transient expression of a complete gene module previously known to control multiciliogenesis. However, CRs do not undergo centriole amplification or multiciliation. Upon deletion of Gmnc, the master regulator of multiciliogenesis, CRs are initially produced but fail to reach their normal identity resulting in their massive apoptosis. We further dissect the contribution of multiciliation effector genes and identify Trp73 as a key determinant. Finally, we use in utero electroporation to demonstrate that the intrinsic competence of hem progenitors as well as the heterochronic expression of Gmnc prevent centriole amplification in the CR lineage. Our work exemplifies how the co-option of a complete gene module, repurposed to control a distinct process, may contribute to the emergence of novel cell identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu X Moreau
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Vicente Elorriaga
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Bouloudi
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Delberghe
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Tanya Deutsch Guerrero
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Amaia Ochandorena-Saa
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, INSERM UMR1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina, y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, y Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina, y Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de León, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France.
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5
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Causeret F, Fayon M, Moreau MX, Ne E, Oleari R, Parras C, Cariboni A, Pierani A. Diversity within olfactory sensory derivatives revealed by the contribution of Dbx1 lineages. J Comp Neurol 2023. [PMID: 37125418 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the embryonic olfactory epithelium contains progenitors that will give rise to distinct classes of neurons, including olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs; involved in odor detection), vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs; responsible for pheromone sensing), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons that control the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Currently, these three neuronal lineages are usually believed to emerge from uniform pools of progenitors. Here, we found that the homeodomain transcription factor Dbx1 is expressed by neurogenic progenitors in the developing and adult mouse olfactory epithelium. We demonstrate that Dbx1 itself is dispensable for neuronal fate specification and global organization of the olfactory sensory system. Using lineage tracing, we characterize the contribution of Dbx1 lineages to OSN, VSN, and GnRH neuron populations and reveal an unexpected degree of diversity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Dbx1-expressing progenitors remain neurogenic in the absence of the proneural gene Ascl1. Our work therefore points to the existence of distinct neurogenic programs in Dbx1-derived and other olfactory lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Fayon
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu X Moreau
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Enrico Ne
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Oleari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Parras
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Anna Cariboni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
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6
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Elorriaga V, Pierani A, Causeret F. Cajal-retzius cells: Recent advances in identity and function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 79:102686. [PMID: 36774666 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are a transient neuronal type of the developing cerebral cortex. Over the years, they have been shown or proposed to play important functions in neocortical and hippocampal morphogenesis, circuit formation, brain evolution and human pathology. Because of their short lifespan, CRs have been pictured as a purely developmental cell type, whose production and active elimination are both required for correct brain development. In this review, we present some of the findings that allow us to better appreciate the identity and diversity of this very special cell type, and propose a unified definition of what should be considered a Cajal-Retzius cell, especially when working with non-mammalian species or organoids. In addition, we highlight a flurry of recent studies pointing to the importance of CRs in the assembly of functional and dysfunctional cortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Elorriaga
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France; GHU-Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France.
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7
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Riva M, Moriceau S, Morabito A, Dossi E, Sanchez-Bellot C, Azzam P, Navas-Olive A, Gal B, Dori F, Cid E, Ledonne F, David S, Trovero F, Bartolomucci M, Coppola E, Rebola N, Depaulis A, Rouach N, de la Prida LM, Oury F, Pierani A. Aberrant survival of hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells leads to memory deficits, gamma rhythmopathies and susceptibility to seizures in adult mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1531. [PMID: 36934089 PMCID: PMC10024761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs) are transient neurons, disappearing almost completely in the postnatal neocortex by programmed cell death (PCD), with a percentage surviving up to adulthood in the hippocampus. Here, we evaluate CR's role in the establishment of adult neuronal and cognitive function using a mouse model preventing Bax-dependent PCD. CRs abnormal survival resulted in impairment of hippocampus-dependent memory, associated in vivo with attenuated theta oscillations and enhanced gamma activity in the dorsal CA1. At the cellular level, we observed transient changes in the number of NPY+ cells and altered CA1 pyramidal cell spine density. At the synaptic level, these changes translated into enhanced inhibitory currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells. Finally, adult mutants displayed an increased susceptibility to lethal tonic-clonic seizures in a kainate model of epilepsy. Our data reveal that aberrant survival of a small proportion of postnatal hippocampal CRs results in cognitive deficits and epilepsy-prone phenotypes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Riva
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Moriceau
- Platform for Neurobehavioral and metabolism, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, 26 INSERM US24/CNRS UAR, 3633, Paris, France
| | - Annunziato Morabito
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Elena Dossi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Azzam
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Beatriz Gal
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Camilo José Cela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Dori
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Elena Cid
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fanny Ledonne
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina David
- Key-Obs SAS, 13 avenue Buffon, 45100, Orléans, France
| | | | - Magali Bartolomucci
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eva Coppola
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nelson Rebola
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 47 Boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Depaulis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, Labex Memolife, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | | | - Franck Oury
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, 75015, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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8
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Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Cajal–Retzius Cells Leads to Their Survival and Increases Susceptibility to Kainate-Induced Seizures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065376. [PMID: 36982451 PMCID: PMC10048971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal–Retzius cells (CRs) are a class of transient neurons in the mammalian cortex that play a critical role in cortical development. Neocortical CRs undergo almost complete elimination in the first two postnatal weeks in rodents and the persistence of CRs during postnatal life has been detected in pathological conditions related to epilepsy. However, it is unclear whether their persistence is a cause or consequence of these diseases. To decipher the molecular mechanisms involved in CR death, we investigated the contribution of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as it plays a critical role in cell survival. We first showed that this pathway is less active in CRs after birth before massive cell death. We also explored the spatio-temporal activation of both AKT and mTOR pathways and reveal area-specific differences along both the rostro–caudal and medio–lateral axes. Next, using genetic approaches to maintain an active pathway in CRs, we found that the removal of either PTEN or TSC1, two negative regulators of the pathway, lead to differential CR survivals, with a stronger effect in the Pten model. Persistent cells in this latter mutant are still active. They express more Reelin and their persistence is associated with an increase in the duration of kainate-induced seizures in females. Altogether, we show that the decrease in PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity in CRs primes these cells to death by possibly repressing a survival pathway, with the mTORC1 branch contributing less to the phenotype.
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9
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Patterning the cerebral cortex into distinct functional domains during development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 80:102698. [PMID: 36893490 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is compartmentalized into multiple regions, including the newly evolved neocortex and evolutionarily older paleocortex and archicortex. These broad cortical regions can be further subdivided into different functional domains, each with its own unique cytoarchitecture and distinct set of input and output projections to perform specific functions. While many excitatory projection neurons show region-specific gene expression profiles, the cells are derived from the seemingly uniform progenitors in the dorsal telencephalon. Much progress has been made in defining the genetic mechanisms involved in generating the morphological and functional diversity of the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mouse corticogenesis and discuss key events involved in cortical patterning during early developmental stages.
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10
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D’Arcy BR, Lennox AL, Manso Musso C, Bracher A, Escobar-Tomlienovich C, Perez-Sanchez S, Silver DL. Non-muscle myosins control radial glial basal endfeet to mediate interneuron organization. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001926. [PMID: 36854011 PMCID: PMC9974137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are essential for the generation and organization of neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGCs have an elongated bipolar morphology with basal and apical endfeet that reside in distinct niches. Yet, how this subcellular compartmentalization of RGCs controls cortical development is largely unknown. Here, we employ in vivo proximity labeling, in the mouse, using unfused BirA to generate the first subcellular proteome of RGCs and uncover new principles governing local control of cortical development. We discover a cohort of proteins that are significantly enriched in RGC basal endfeet, with MYH9 and MYH10 among the most abundant. Myh9 and Myh10 transcripts also localize to endfeet with distinct temporal dynamics. Although they each encode isoforms of non-muscle myosin II heavy chain, Myh9 and Myh10 have drastically different requirements for RGC integrity. Myh9 loss from RGCs decreases branching complexity and causes endfoot protrusion through the basement membrane. In contrast, Myh10 controls endfoot adhesion, as mutants have unattached apical and basal endfeet. Finally, we show that Myh9- and Myh10-mediated regulation of RGC complexity and endfoot position non-cell autonomously controls interneuron number and organization in the marginal zone. Our study demonstrates the utility of in vivo proximity labeling for dissecting local control of complex systems and reveals new mechanisms for dictating RGC integrity and cortical architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R. D’Arcy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Lennox
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Camila Manso Musso
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Annalise Bracher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carla Escobar-Tomlienovich
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephany Perez-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Debra L. Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Zhang L, Lin S, Huang K, Chen A, Li N, Shen S, Zheng Z, Shi X, Sun J, Kong J, Chen M. Effects of HAR1 on cognitive function in mice and the regulatory network of HAR1 determined by RNA sequencing and applied bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2023; 14:947144. [PMID: 36968607 PMCID: PMC10030831 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.947144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HAR1 is a 118-bp segment that lies in a pair of novel non-coding RNA genes. It shows a dramatic accelerated change with an estimated 18 substitutions in the human lineage since the human-chimpanzee ancestor, compared with the expected 0.27 substitutions based on the slow rate of change in this region in other amniotes. Mutations of HAR1 lead to a different HAR1 secondary structure in humans compared to that in chimpanzees. Methods: We cloned HAR1 into the EF-1α promoter vector to generate transgenic mice. Morris water maze tests and step-down passive avoidance tests were conducted to observe the changes in memory and cognitive abilities of mice. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the experimental and control groups. Systematic bioinformatics analysis was used to confirm the pathways and functions that the DEGs were involved in. Results: Memory and cognitive abilities of the transgenic mice were significantly improved. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that Neuron differentiation, Dentate gyrus development, Nervous system development, Cerebral cortex neuron differentiation, Cerebral cortex development, Cerebral cortex development and Neurogenesis are all significant GO terms related to brain development. The DEGs enriched in these terms included Lhx2, Emx2, Foxg1, Nr2e1 and Emx1. All these genes play an important role in regulating the functioning of Cajal-Retzius cells (CRs). The DEGs were also enriched in glutamatergic synapses, synapses, memory, and the positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation. In addition, "cellular response to calcium ions" exhibited the second highest rich factor in the GO analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the DEGs showed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway, and DEGs also notably enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, axon guidance, and cholinergic synapses. Conclusion: HAR1 overexpression led to improvements in memory and cognitive abilities of the transgenic mice. The possible mechanism for this was that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HAR1A affected brain development by regulating the function of CRs. Moreover, HAR1A may be involved in ligand-receptor interaction, axon guidance, and synapse formation, all of which are important in brain development and evolution. Furthermore, cellular response to calcium may play an important role in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guang-Dong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengmou Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailing Huang
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Allen Chen
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guang-Dong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhouxia Zheng
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- Guangzhou Mendel Genomics and Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jimei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guang-Dong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyin Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guang-Dong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guang-Dong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Min Chen,
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12
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Nano PR, Bhaduri A. Evaluation of advances in cortical development using model systems. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:408-427. [PMID: 35644985 PMCID: PMC10924780 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared with that of even the closest primates, the human cortex displays a high degree of specialization and expansion that largely emerges developmentally. Although decades of research in the mouse and other model systems has revealed core tenets of cortical development that are well preserved across mammalian species, small deviations in transcription factor expression, novel cell types in primates and/or humans, and unique cortical architecture distinguish the human cortex. Importantly, many of the genes and signaling pathways thought to drive human-specific cortical expansion also leave the brain vulnerable to disease, as the misregulation of these factors is highly correlated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, creating a comprehensive understanding of human-specific cognition and disease remains challenging. Here, we review key stages of cortical development and highlight known or possible differences between model systems and the developing human brain. By identifying the developmental trajectories that may facilitate uniquely human traits, we highlight open questions in need of approaches to examine these processes in a human context and reveal translatable insights into human developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Nano
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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Suzuki IK. Evolutionary innovations of human cerebral cortex viewed through the lens of high-throughput sequencing. Dev Neurobiol 2022; 82:476-494. [PMID: 35765158 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Humans had acquired a tremendously enlarged cerebral cortex containing a huge quantity and variety of cells during evolution. Such evolutionary uniqueness offers a neural basis of our cognitive innovation and human-specific features of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Since human brain is hardly examined in vivo with experimental approaches commonly applied on animal models, the recent advancement of sequencing technologies offers an indispensable viewpoint of human brain anatomy and development. This review introduces the recent findings on the unique features in the adult and the characteristic developmental processes of the human cerebral cortex, based on high throughput DNA sequencing technologies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuo K Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Leifeld J, Förster E, Reiss G, Hamad MIK. Considering the Role of Extracellular Matrix Molecules, in Particular Reelin, in Granule Cell Dispersion Related to Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:917575. [PMID: 35733853 PMCID: PMC9207388 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.917575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the nervous system can be considered as a dynamically adaptable compartment between neuronal cells, in particular neurons and glial cells, that participates in physiological functions of the nervous system. It is mainly composed of carbohydrates and proteins that are secreted by the different kinds of cell types found in the nervous system, in particular neurons and glial cells, but also other cell types, such as pericytes of capillaries, ependymocytes and meningeal cells. ECM molecules participate in developmental processes, synaptic plasticity, neurodegeneration and regenerative processes. As an example, the ECM of the hippocampal formation is involved in degenerative and adaptive processes related to epilepsy. The role of various components of the ECM has been explored extensively. In particular, the ECM protein reelin, well known for orchestrating the formation of neuronal layer formation in the cerebral cortex, is also considered as a player involved in the occurrence of postnatal granule cell dispersion (GCD), a morphologically peculiar feature frequently observed in hippocampal tissue from epileptic patients. Possible causes and consequences of GCD have been studied in various in vivo and in vitro models. The present review discusses different interpretations of GCD and different views on the role of ECM protein reelin in the formation of this morphological peculiarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leifeld
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry I—Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Leifeld, ; Eckart Förster,
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jennifer Leifeld, ; Eckart Förster,
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/ Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Mohammad I. K. Hamad
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/ Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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15
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López-Mengual A, Segura-Feliu M, Sunyer R, Sanz-Fraile H, Otero J, Mesquida-Veny F, Gil V, Hervera A, Ferrer I, Soriano J, Trepat X, Farré R, Navajas D, Del Río JA. Involvement of Mechanical Cues in the Migration of Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Marginal Zone During Neocortical Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886110. [PMID: 35652101 PMCID: PMC9150848 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence points to coordinated action of chemical and mechanical cues during brain development. At early stages of neocortical development, angiogenic factors and chemokines such as CXCL12, ephrins, and semaphorins assume crucial roles in orchestrating neuronal migration and axon elongation of postmitotic neurons. Here we explore the intrinsic mechanical properties of the developing marginal zone of the pallium in the migratory pathways and brain distribution of the pioneer Cajal-Retzius cells. These neurons are generated in several proliferative regions in the developing brain (e.g., the cortical hem and the pallial subpallial boundary) and migrate tangentially in the preplate/marginal zone covering the upper portion of the developing cortex. These cells play crucial roles in correct neocortical layer formation by secreting several molecules such as Reelin. Our results indicate that the motogenic properties of Cajal-Retzius cells and their perinatal distribution in the marginal zone are modulated by both chemical and mechanical factors, by the specific mechanical properties of Cajal-Retzius cells, and by the differential stiffness of the migratory routes. Indeed, cells originating in the cortical hem display higher migratory capacities than those generated in the pallial subpallial boundary which may be involved in the differential distribution of these cells in the dorsal-lateral axis in the developing marginal zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López-Mengual
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Segura-Feliu
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sunyer
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Sanz-Fraile
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Otero
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gil
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Senior Consultant, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Soriano
- Departament de Física de La Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Integrative Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica I Bioenginyeria, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Cellular and Respiratory Biomechanics, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Río
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Anstötz M, Lee SK, Maccaferri G. Glutamate released by Cajal-Retzius cells impacts specific hippocampal circuits and behaviors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110822. [PMID: 35584670 PMCID: PMC9190441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of Cajal-Retzius cells on the regulation of hippocampal circuits and related behaviors is unresolved. Here, we directly address this issue by impairing the glutamatergic output of Cajal-Retzius cells with the conditional ablation of vGluT2, which is their main vesicular glutamate transporter. Although two distinct conditional knockout lines do not reveal major alterations in hippocampal-layer organization and dendritic length of principal neurons or GABAergic cells, we find parallel deficits in specific hippocampal-dependent behaviors and in their putative underlying microcircuits. First, conditional knockout animals show increased innate anxiety and decreased feedforward GABAergic inhibition on dentate gyrus granule cells. Second, we observe impaired spatial memory processing, which is associated with decreased spine density and reduced AMPA/NMDA ratio of postsynaptic responses at the perforant- and entorhino-hippocampal pathways. We conclude that glutamate synaptically released by Cajal-Retzius cells is critical for the regulation of hippocampal microcircuits and specific types of behaviors. Anstötz et al. report that postnatal hippocampal Cajal-Retzius cells use vGluT2 as their main glutamate vesicular transporter. Conditional inactivation of vGluT2 in mice reveals both behavioral and network alterations. The observed results indicate the involvement of Cajal-Retzius cells in the regulation of innate anxiety/spatial memory and in potentially related neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Anstötz
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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17
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Genescu I, Aníbal-Martínez M, Kouskoff V, Chenouard N, Mailhes-Hamon C, Cartonnet H, Lokmane L, Rijli FM, López-Bendito G, Gambino F, Garel S. Dynamic interplay between thalamic activity and Cajal-Retzius cells regulates the wiring of cortical layer 1. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110667. [PMID: 35417707 PMCID: PMC9035679 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical wiring relies on guidepost cells and activity-dependent processes that are thought to act sequentially. Here, we show that the construction of layer 1 (L1), a main site of top-down integration, is regulated by crosstalk between transient Cajal-Retzius cells (CRc) and spontaneous activity of the thalamus, a main driver of bottom-up information. While activity was known to regulate CRc migration and elimination, we found that prenatal spontaneous thalamic activity and NMDA receptors selectively control CRc early density, without affecting their demise. CRc density, in turn, regulates the distribution of upper layer interneurons and excitatory synapses, thereby drastically impairing the apical dendrite activity of output pyramidal neurons. In contrast, postnatal sensory-evoked activity had a limited impact on L1 and selectively perturbed basal dendrites synaptogenesis. Collectively, our study highlights a remarkable interplay between thalamic activity and CRc in L1 functional wiring, with major implications for our understanding of cortical development. Prenatal thalamic waves of activity regulate CRc density in L1 Prenatal and postnatal CRc manipulations alter specific interneuron populations Postnatal CRc shape L5 apical dendrite structural and functional properties Early sensory activity selectively regulates L5 basal dendrite spine formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Genescu
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mar Aníbal-Martínez
- Instituto de Neurosciencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Vladimir Kouskoff
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Chenouard
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Mailhes-Hamon
- Acute Transgenesis Facility, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Université Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hugues Cartonnet
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ludmilla Lokmane
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Gambino
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.
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18
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Jiménez S, Moreno N. Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:263-282. [PMID: 34614492 DOI: 10.1159/000519025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li JYH, Ouyang Z. LISA2: Learning Complex Single-Cell Trajectory and Expression Trends. Front Genet 2021; 12:681206. [PMID: 34512717 PMCID: PMC8428276 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptional and epigenomics profiles have been applied in a variety of tissues and diseases for discovering new cell types, differentiation trajectories, and gene regulatory networks. Many methods such as Monocle 2/3, URD, and STREAM have been developed for tree-based trajectory building. Here, we propose a fast and flexible trajectory learning method, LISA2, for single-cell data analysis. This new method has two distinctive features: (1) LISA2 utilizes specified leaves and root to reduce the complexity for building the developmental trajectory, especially for some special cases such as rare cell populations and adjacent terminal cell states; and (2) LISA2 is applicable for both transcriptomics and epigenomics data. LISA2 visualizes complex trajectories using 3D Landmark ISOmetric feature MAPping (L-ISOMAP). We apply LISA2 to simulation and real datasets in cerebellum, diencephalon, and hematopoietic stem cells including both single-cell transcriptomics data and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin data. LISA2 is efficient in estimating single-cell trajectory and expression trends for different kinds of molecular state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - James Y. H. Li
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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20
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Moreau MX, Saillour Y, Cwetsch AW, Pierani A, Causeret F. Single-cell transcriptomics of the early developing mouse cerebral cortex disentangle the spatial and temporal components of neuronal fate acquisition. Development 2021; 148:269283. [PMID: 34170322 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the developing cerebral cortex, how progenitors that seemingly display limited diversity end up producing a vast array of neurons remains a puzzling question. The prevailing model suggests that temporal maturation of progenitors is a key driver in the diversification of the neuronal output. However, temporal constraints are unlikely to account for all diversity, especially in the ventral and lateral pallium where neuronal types significantly differ from their dorsal neocortical counterparts born at the same time. In this study, we implemented single-cell RNAseq to sample the diversity of progenitors and neurons along the dorso-ventral axis of the early developing pallium. We first identified neuronal types, mapped them on the tissue and determined their origin through genetic tracing. We characterised progenitor diversity and disentangled the gene modules underlying temporal versus spatial regulations of neuronal specification. Finally, we reconstructed the developmental trajectories followed by ventral and dorsal pallial neurons to identify lineage-specific gene waves. Our data suggest a model by which discrete neuronal fate acquisition from a continuous gradient of progenitors results from the superimposition of spatial information and temporal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu X Moreau
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Saillour
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Andrzej W Cwetsch
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014, Paris, France
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21
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Causeret F, Moreau MX, Pierani A, Blanquie O. The multiple facets of Cajal-Retzius neurons. Development 2021; 148:268379. [PMID: 34047341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRs) are among the first-born neurons in the developing cortex of reptiles, birds and mammals, including humans. The peculiarity of CRs lies in the fact they are initially embedded into the immature neuronal network before being almost completely eliminated by cell death at the end of cortical development. CRs are best known for controlling the migration of glutamatergic neurons and the formation of cortical layers through the secretion of the glycoprotein reelin. However, they have been shown to play numerous additional key roles at many steps of cortical development, spanning from patterning and sizing functional areas to synaptogenesis. The use of genetic lineage tracing has allowed the discovery of their multiple ontogenetic origins, migratory routes, expression of molecular markers and death dynamics. Nowadays, single-cell technologies enable us to appreciate the molecular heterogeneity of CRs with an unprecedented resolution. In this Review, we discuss the morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and genetic criteria allowing the identification of CRs. We further expose the various sources, migration trajectories, developmental functions and death dynamics of CRs. Finally, we demonstrate how the analysis of public transcriptomic datasets allows extraction of the molecular signature of CRs throughout their transient life and consider their heterogeneity within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Causeret
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu X Moreau
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, F-75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, F-75014 Paris, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Oriane Blanquie
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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22
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Wiring of higher-order cortical areas: Spatiotemporal development of cortical hierarchy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:35-49. [PMID: 34034988 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchical development of cortical areas was suggested over a century ago, but the diversity and complexity of cortical hierarchy properties have so far prevented a formal demonstration. The aim of this review is to clarify the similarities and differences in the developmental processes underlying cortical development of primary and higher-order areas. We start by recapitulating the historical and recent advances underlying the biological principle of cortical hierarchy in adults. We then revisit the arguments for a hierarchical maturation of cortical areas, and further integrate the principles of cortical areas specification during embryonic and postnatal development. We highlight how the dramatic expansion in cortical size might have contributed to the increased number of association areas sustaining cognitive complexification in evolution. Finally, we summarize the recent observations of an alteration of cortical hierarchy in neuropsychiatric disorders and discuss their potential developmental origins.
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23
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Shabangu T, Chen HL, Zhuang ZH, Pierani A, Chen CFF, Chou SJ. Specific contribution of neurons from the Dbx1 lineage to the piriform cortex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8349. [PMID: 33863910 PMCID: PMC8052341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The piriform cortex (PC) is a major cortical processing center for the sense of smell that receives direct inputs from the olfactory bulb. In mice, the PC consists of three neuronal layers, which are populated by cells with distinct developmental origins. One origin of PC neurons is the pool of Dbx1-expressing neural progenitors located in the ventral pallium at the pallial-subpallial boundary. Since the precise mechanisms of PC neuron development are largely unknown, we sought to define the distribution, timing of neurogenesis, morphology and projection patterns of PC neurons from the Dbx1 lineage. We found that Dbx1-lineage neurons are preferentially distributed in layer 2 and enriched in the ventral portion of the PC. Further, Dbx1 neurons are early-born neurons and contribute to most neuronal subtypes in the PC. Our data also revealed an enrichment of Dbx1-lineage neurons in the ventral anterior PC that project to the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest a specific association between the developmental origin of PC neurons and their neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thando Shabangu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Imagine Institute, Team Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Chien-Fu F Chen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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de Agustín-Durán D, Mateos-White I, Fabra-Beser J, Gil-Sanz C. Stick around: Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules during Neocortical Development. Cells 2021; 10:118. [PMID: 33435191 PMCID: PMC7826847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neocortex is an exquisitely organized structure achieved through complex cellular processes from the generation of neural cells to their integration into cortical circuits after complex migration processes. During this long journey, neural cells need to establish and release adhesive interactions through cell surface receptors known as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Several types of CAMs have been described regulating different aspects of neurodevelopment. Whereas some of them mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix, others allow contact with additional cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of two important families of cell-cell adhesion molecules (C-CAMs), classical cadherins and nectins, as well as in their effectors, in the control of fundamental processes related with corticogenesis, with special attention in the cooperative actions among the two families of C-CAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristina Gil-Sanz
- Neural Development Laboratory, Instituto Universitario de Biomedicina y Biotecnología (BIOTECMED) and Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultat de Biología, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (D.d.A.-D.); (I.M.-W.); (J.F.-B.)
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25
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Xie K, Huang Y, Zeng F, Liu Z, Chen T. scAIDE: clustering of large-scale single-cell RNA-seq data reveals putative and rare cell types. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa082. [PMID: 33575628 PMCID: PMC7671411 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in both single-cell RNA-sequencing technology and computational resources facilitate the study of cell types on global populations. Up to millions of cells can now be sequenced in one experiment; thus, accurate and efficient computational methods are needed to provide clustering and post-analysis of assigning putative and rare cell types. Here, we present a novel unsupervised deep learning clustering framework that is robust and highly scalable. To overcome the high level of noise, scAIDE first incorporates an autoencoder-imputation network with a distance-preserved embedding network (AIDE) to learn a good representation of data, and then applies a random projection hashing based k-means algorithm to accommodate the detection of rare cell types. We analyzed a 1.3 million neural cell dataset within 30 min, obtaining 64 clusters which were mapped to 19 putative cell types. In particular, we further identified three different neural stem cell developmental trajectories in these clusters. We also classified two subpopulations of malignant cells in a small glioblastoma dataset using scAIDE. We anticipate that scAIDE would provide a more in-depth understanding of cell development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikun Xie
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Department of Automation, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Fuzhou Institute of Digital Technology, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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D’Arcy BR, Silver DL. Local gene regulation in radial glia: Lessons from across the nervous system. Traffic 2020; 21:737-748. [PMID: 33058331 PMCID: PMC7723028 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) are progenitors of the cerebral cortex which produce both neurons and glia during development. Given their central role in development, RGC dysfunction can result in diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. RGCs have an elongated bipolar morphology that spans the entire radial width of the cortex and ends in basal endfeet connected to the pia. The basal process and endfeet are important for proper guidance of migrating neurons and are implicated in signaling. However, endfeet must function at a great distance from the cell body. This spatial separation suggests a role for local gene regulation in endfeet. Endfeet contain a local transcriptome enriched for cytoskeletal and signaling factors. These localized mRNAs are actively transported from the cell body and can be locally translated in endfeet. Yet, studies of local gene regulation in RGC endfeet are still in their infancy. Here, we draw comparisons of RGCs with foundational work in anatomically and phylogenetically related cell types, neurons and astrocytes. Our review highlights a striking overlap in the types of RNAs localized, as well as principles of local translation between these three cell types. Thus, studies in neurons, astrocytes and RGCs can mutually inform an understanding of RNA localization across the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke R. D’Arcy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Debra L. Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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27
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Genescu I, Garel S. Being superficial: a developmental viewpoint on cortical layer 1 wiring. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:125-134. [PMID: 33186879 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functioning of the neocortex relies on a complex architecture of circuits, as illustrated by the causal link between neocortical excitation/inhibition imbalance and the etiology of several neurodevelopmental disorders. An important entry point to cortical circuits is located in the superficial layer 1 (L1), which contains mostly local and long-range inputs and sparse inhibitory interneurons that collectively regulate cerebral functions. While increasing evidence indicates that L1 has important physiological roles, our understanding of how it wires up during development remains limited. Here, we provide an integrated overview of L1 anatomy, function and development, with a focus on transient early born Cajal-Retzius neurons, and highlight open questions key for progressing our understanding of this essential yet understudied layer of the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Genescu
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; Collège de France, Paris, France.
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28
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Du A, Wu X, Chen H, Bai QR, Han X, Liu B, Zhang X, Ding Z, Shen Q, Zhao C. Foxg1 Directly Represses Dbx1 to Confine the POA and Subsequently Regulate Ventral Telencephalic Patterning. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:4968-4981. [PMID: 30843579 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development, signaling centers, such as the cortical hem and the preoptic area (POA), are critical for telencephalic patterning. However, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of signal centers are poorly understood. Here, we report that the transcription factor Foxg1 is required to confine the POA, a resource of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) that is pivotal for ventral telencephalic development. Cell-specific deletion of Foxg1 achieved by crossing Foxg1fl/fl with Dbx1-cre or Nestin-CreER combined with tamoxifen induction results in a dramatic expansion of the POA accompanied by the significantly increased activity of the Shh signaling pathway. Ventral pattern formation was severely impaired. Moreover, we demonstrated that Foxg1 directly represses Dbx1 to restrict the POA. Furthermore, we found that the ventral pallium was expanded, which might also contribute to the observed patterning defects. These findings will improve our understanding of the maintenance of signal centers and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying ventral telencephalic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Du
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Ran Bai
- Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of histology and embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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29
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Llorca A, Marín O. Orchestrated freedom: new insights into cortical neurogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:48-56. [PMID: 33096393 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the construction of the cerebral cortex involves the coordinated output of large populations of apical progenitor cells. Cortical progenitor cells use intrinsic molecular programs and complex regulatory mechanisms to generate a large diversity of excitatory projection neurons in appropriate numbers. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the neurogenic behavior of cortical progenitors during neurogenesis. We describe alternative models explaining the generation of neuronal diversity among excitatory projection neurons and the role of intrinsic and extrinsic signals in the modulation of the individual output of apical progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Llorca
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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30
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Gesuita L, Karayannis T. A 'Marginal' tale: the development of the neocortical layer 1. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:37-47. [PMID: 33069991 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of neocortical layer 1 is a very dynamic process and the scene of multiple transient events, with Cajal-Retzius cell death being one of the most characteristic ones. Layer 1 is also the route of migration for a substantial number of GABAergic interneurons during embryogenesis and where some of which will ultimately remain in the adult. The two cell types, together with a diverse set of incoming axons and dendrites, create an early circuit that will dramatically change in structure and function in the adult cortex to give prominence to inhibition. Through the engagement of a diverse set of GABAergic inhibitory cells by bottom-up and top-down inputs, adult layer 1 becomes a powerful computational platform for the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gesuita
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theofanis Karayannis
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Assembly, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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31
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Modeling human neuronal migration deficits in 3D. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:30-36. [PMID: 33069990 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During the past few decades, we have witnessed an impressive gain in the knowledge regarding the basic mechanisms underlying human neuronal migration disorders by the usage of mouse models. Nevertheless, despite the remarkable conservation both in the genetic encoded information and the developmental processes, there are still numerous important differences between human and mouse. This may explain the vast excitement following the realization that technological breakthroughs enabled generating tissue-like human-based organoids for modeling human neuronal migration diseases. This review will provide a short introduction on human and mouse neuronal migration processes, and highlight human brain organoid models of neuronal migration diseases.
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Kikkawa T, Sakayori N, Yuuki H, Katsuyama Y, Matsuzaki F, Konno D, Abe T, Kiyonari H, Osumi N. Dmrt
genes participate in the development of Cajal‐Retzius cells derived from the cortical hem in the telencephalon. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:698-710. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceUnited Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakayori
- Department of Molecular GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
| | - Hayato Yuuki
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceUnited Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Department of AnatomyShiga University of Medical Science Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell AsymmetryRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Laboratory for Cell AsymmetryRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Japan
- Department of PathophysiologyMedical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic EngineeringRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic EngineeringRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental NeuroscienceUnited Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Miyagi Japan
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33
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Longitudinal developmental analysis of prethalamic eminence derivatives in the chick by mapping of Tbr1 in situ expression. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:481-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Riva M, Genescu I, Habermacher C, Orduz D, Ledonne F, Rijli FM, López-Bendito G, Coppola E, Garel S, Angulo MC, Pierani A. Activity-dependent death of transient Cajal-Retzius neurons is required for functional cortical wiring. eLife 2019; 8:50503. [PMID: 31891351 PMCID: PMC6938399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death and early activity contribute to the emergence of functional cortical circuits. While most neuronal populations are scaled-down by death, some subpopulations are entirely eliminated, raising the question of the importance of such demise for cortical wiring. Here, we addressed this issue by focusing on Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRs), key players in cortical development that are eliminated in postnatal mice in part via Bax-dependent apoptosis. Using Bax-conditional mutants and CR hyperpolarization, we show that the survival of electrically active subsets of CRs triggers an increase in both dendrite complexity and spine density of upper layer pyramidal neurons, leading to an excitation/inhibition imbalance. The survival of these CRs is induced by hyperpolarization, highlighting an interplay between early activity and neuronal elimination. Taken together, our study reveals a novel activity-dependent programmed cell death process required for the removal of transient immature neurons and the proper wiring of functional cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Riva
- Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ioana Genescu
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Habermacher
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1128, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Ledonne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Eva Coppola
- Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Garel
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1128, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Institut Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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35
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Arai Y, Cwetsch AW, Coppola E, Cipriani S, Nishihara H, Kanki H, Saillour Y, Freret-Hodara B, Dutriaux A, Okada N, Okano H, Dehay C, Nardelli J, Gressens P, Shimogori T, D’Onofrio G, Pierani A. Evolutionary Gain of Dbx1 Expression Drives Subplate Identity in the Cerebral Cortex. Cell Rep 2019; 29:645-658.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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36
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Cadwell CR, Bhaduri A, Mostajo-Radji MA, Keefe MG, Nowakowski TJ. Development and Arealization of the Cerebral Cortex. Neuron 2019; 103:980-1004. [PMID: 31557462 PMCID: PMC9245854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adult cortical areas consist of specialized cell types and circuits that support unique higher-order cognitive functions. How this regional diversity develops from an initially uniform neuroepithelium has been the subject of decades of seminal research, and emerging technologies, including single-cell transcriptomics, provide a new perspective on area-specific molecular diversity. Here, we review the early developmental processes that underlie cortical arealization, including both cortex intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms as embodied by the protomap and protocortex hypotheses, respectively. We propose an integrated model of serial homology whereby intrinsic genetic programs and local factors establish early transcriptomic differences between excitatory neurons destined to give rise to broad "proto-regions," and activity-dependent mechanisms lead to progressive refinement and formation of sharp boundaries between functional areas. Finally, we explore the potential of these basic developmental processes to inform our understanding of the emergence of functional neural networks and circuit abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn R Cadwell
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew G Keefe
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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37
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Kaddour H, Coppola E, Di Nardo AA, Le Poupon C, Mailly P, Wizenmann A, Volovitch M, Prochiantz A, Pierani A. Extracellular Pax6 Regulates Tangential Cajal–Retzius Cell Migration in the Developing Mouse Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:465-475. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Kaddour
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7241/Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1050, Paris Science Lettre University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Descartes, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 102–108 Rue de la Santé, Paris, France
| | - E Coppola
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Descartes, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 102–108 Rue de la Santé, Paris, France
| | - A A Di Nardo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7241/Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1050, Paris Science Lettre University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | - C Le Poupon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7241/Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1050, Paris Science Lettre University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | - P Mailly
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Core Facility Orion, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | - A Wizenmann
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell, University of Tübingen, Osterbergstrasse 3, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7241/Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1050, Paris Science Lettre University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | - A Prochiantz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7241/Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1050, Paris Science Lettre University, Labex MemoLife, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | - A Pierani
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Descartes, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université Paris Descartes, 102–108 Rue de la Santé, Paris, France
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38
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Anstötz M, Lee SK, Neblett TI, Rune GM, Maccaferri G. Experience-Dependent Regulation of Cajal-Retzius Cell Networks in the Developing and Adult Mouse Hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [PMID: 28637318 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to their near-disappearance in the adult neocortex, Cajal-Retzius cells have been suggested to persist longer in the hippocampus. A distinctive feature of the mature hippocampus, not maintained by other cortical areas, is its ability to sustain adult neurogenesis. Here, we have investigated whether environmental manipulations affecting hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis have a parallel impact on Cajal-Retzius cells. We used multiple mouse reporter lines to unequivocally identify Cajal-Retzius cells and quantify their densities during postnatal development. We found that exposure to an enriched environment increased the persistence of Cajal-Retzius cells in the hippocampus, but not in adjacent cortical regions. We did not observe a similar effect for parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, which suggested the occurrence of a cell type-specific process. In addition, we did not detect obvious changes either in Cajal-Retzius cell electrophysiological or morphological features, when compared with what previously reported in animals not exposed to enriched conditions. However, optogenetically triggered synaptic output of Cajal-Retzius cells onto local interneurons was enhanced, consistent with our observation of higher Cajal-Retzius cell densities. In conclusion, our data reveal a novel form of hippocampal, cell type-specific, experience-dependent network plasticity. We propose that this phenomenon may be involved in the regulation of enrichment-dependent enhanced hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Anstötz
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA.,Institute for Neuroanatomy, University/University Hospital Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sun Kyong Lee
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
| | - Tamra I Neblett
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
| | - Gabriele M Rune
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University/University Hospital Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611-3008, USA
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39
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Cell migration promotes dynamic cellular interactions to control cerebral cortex morphogenesis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 20:318-329. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Meyer G, González-Arnay E, Moll U, Nemajerova A, Tissir F, González-Gómez M. Cajal-Retzius neurons are required for the development of the human hippocampal fissure. J Anat 2019; 235:569-589. [PMID: 30861578 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cajal-Retzius neurons (CRN) are the main source of Reelin in the marginal zone of the developing neocortex and hippocampus (HC). They also express the transcription factor p73 and are complemented by later-appearing GABAergic Reelin+ interneurons. The human dorsal HC forms at gestational week 10 (GW10), when it develops a rudimentary Ammonic plate and incipient dentate migration, although the dorsal hippocampal fissure (HF) remains shallow and contains few CRN. The dorsal HC transforms into the indusium griseum (IG), concurrently with the rostro-caudal appearance of the corpus callosum, by GW14-17. Dorsal and ventral HC merge at the site of the former caudal hem, which is located at the level of the future atrium of the lateral ventricle and closely connected with the choroid plexus. The ventral HC forms at GW11 in the temporal lobe. The ventral HF is wide open at GW14-16 and densely populated by large numbers of CRNs. These are in intimate contact with the meninges and meningeal blood vessels, suggesting signalling through diverse pathways. At GW17, the fissure deepens and begins to fuse, although it is still marked by p73/Reelin+ CRNs. The p73KO mouse illustrates the importance of p73 in CRN for HF formation. In the mutant, Tbr1/Reelin+ CRNs are born in the hem but do not leave it and subsequently disappear, so that the mutant cortex and HC lack CRN from the onset of corticogenesis. The HF is absent, which leads to profound architectonic alterations of the HC. To determine which p73 isoform is important for HF formation, isoform-specific TAp73- and DeltaNp73-deficient embryonic and early postnatal mice were examined. In both mutants, the number of CRNs was reduced, but each of their phenotypes was much milder than in the global p73KO mutant missing both isoforms. In the TAp73KO mice, the HF of the dorsal HC failed to form, but was present in the ventral HC. In the DeltaNp73KO mice, the HC had a mild patterning defect along with a shorter HF. Complex interactions between both isoforms in CRNs may contribute to their crucial activity in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundela Meyer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Ute Moll
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alice Nemajerova
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of NeuroScience, UCL Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Bhaduri A, Nowakowski TJ, Pollen AA, Kriegstein AR. Identification of cell types in a mouse brain single-cell atlas using low sampling coverage. BMC Biol 2018; 16:113. [PMID: 30309354 PMCID: PMC6180488 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High throughput methods for profiling the transcriptomes of single cells have recently emerged as transformative approaches for large-scale population surveys of cellular diversity in heterogeneous primary tissues. However, the efficient generation of such atlases will depend on sufficient sampling of diverse cell types while remaining cost-effective to enable a comprehensive examination of organs, developmental stages, and individuals. Results To examine the relationship between sampled cell numbers and transcriptional heterogeneity in the context of unbiased cell type classification, we explored the population structure of a publicly available 1.3 million cell dataset from E18.5 mouse brain and validated our findings in published data from adult mice. We propose a computational framework for inferring the saturation point of cluster discovery in a single-cell mRNA-seq experiment, centered around cluster preservation in downsampled datasets. In addition, we introduce a “complexity index,” which characterizes the heterogeneity of cells in a given dataset. Using Cajal-Retzius cells as an example of a limited complexity dataset, we explored whether the detected biological distinctions relate to technical clustering. Surprisingly, we found that clustering distinctions carrying biologically interpretable meaning are achieved with far fewer cells than the originally sampled, though technical saturation of rare populations such as Cajal-Retzius cells is not achieved. We additionally validated these findings with a recently published atlas of cell types across mouse organs and again find using subsampling that a much smaller number of cells recapitulates the cluster distinctions of the complete dataset. Conclusions Together, these findings suggest that most of the biologically interpretable cell types from the 1.3 million cell database can be recapitulated by analyzing 50,000 randomly selected cells, indicating that instead of profiling few individuals at high “cellular coverage,” cell atlas studies may instead benefit from profiling more individuals, or many time points at lower cellular coverage and then further enriching for populations of interest. This strategy is ideal for scenarios where cost and time are limited, though extremely rare populations of interest (< 1%) may be identifiable only with much higher cell numbers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0580-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA. .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA.,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, San Francisco, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, USA. .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, San Francisco, USA.
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42
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Anstötz M, Quattrocolo G, Maccaferri G. Cajal-Retzius cells and GABAergic interneurons of the developing hippocampus: Close electrophysiological encounters of the third kind. Brain Res 2018; 1697:124-133. [PMID: 30071194 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the large number of studies investigating the electrophysiological properties and synaptic connectivity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, granule cells, and GABAergic interneurons, much less is known about Cajal-Retzius cells. In this review article, we discuss the possible reasons underlying this difference, and review experimental work performed on this cell type in the hippocampus, comparing it with results obtained in the neocortex. Our main emphasis is on data obtained with in vitro electrophysiology. In particular, we address the bidirectional connectivity between Cajal-Retzius cells and GABAergic interneurons, examine their synaptic properties and propose specific functions of Cajal-Retzius cell/GABAergic interneuron microcircuits. Lastly, we discuss the potential involvement of these microcircuits in critical physiological hippocampal functions such as postnatal neurogenesis or pathological scenarios such as temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Anstötz
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Giulia Quattrocolo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gianmaria Maccaferri
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Uzquiano A, Gladwyn-Ng I, Nguyen L, Reiner O, Götz M, Matsuzaki F, Francis F. Cortical progenitor biology: key features mediating proliferation versus differentiation. J Neurochem 2018; 146:500-525. [PMID: 29570795 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a highly organized structure whose development depends on diverse progenitor cell types, namely apical radial glia, intermediate progenitors, and basal radial glia cells, which are responsible for the production of the correct neuronal output. In recent years, these progenitor cell types have been deeply studied, particularly basal radial glia and their role in cortical expansion and gyrification. We review here a broad series of factors that regulate progenitor behavior and daughter cell fate. We first describe the different neuronal progenitor types, emphasizing the differences between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species. We then review key factors shown to influence progenitor proliferation versus differentiation, discussing their roles in progenitor dynamics, neuronal production, and potentially brain size and complexity. Although spindle orientation has been considered a critical factor for mode of division and daughter cell output, we discuss other features that are emerging as crucial for these processes such as organelle and cell cycle dynamics. Additionally, we highlight the importance of adhesion molecules and the polarity complex for correct cortical development. Finally, we briefly discuss studies assessing progenitor multipotency and its possible contribution to the production of specific neuronal populations. This review hence summarizes recent aspects of cortical progenitor cell biology, and pinpoints emerging features critical for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uzquiano
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Planegg/Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe Institute, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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44
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Reillo I, de Juan Romero C, Cárdenas A, Clascá F, Martínez-Martinez MÁ, Borrell V. A Complex Code of Extrinsic Influences on Cortical Progenitor Cells of Higher Mammals. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4586-4606. [PMID: 28922855 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex depends critically on the regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and fate. Cortical progenitor cells are remarkably diverse with regard to their morphology as well as laminar and areal position. Extrinsic factors, such as thalamic axons, have been proposed to play key roles in progenitor cell regulation, but the diversity, extent and timing of interactions between extrinsic elements and each class of cortical progenitor cell in higher mammals remain undefined. Here we use the ferret to demonstrate the existence of a complex set of extrinsic elements that may interact, alone or in combination, with subpopulations of progenitor cells, defining a code of extrinsic influences. This code and its complexity vary significantly between developmental stages, layer of residence and morphology of progenitor cells. By analyzing the spatial-temporal overlap of progenitor cell subtypes with neuronal and axonal populations, we show that multiple sets of migrating neurons and axon tracts overlap extensively with subdivisions of the Subventricular Zones, in an exquisite lamina-specific pattern. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the feedback influence of both intra- and extra-cortical elements onto progenitor cells to modulate their dynamics and fate decisions in gyrencephalic brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Reillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, IBV-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Camino de Juan Romero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Adrián Cárdenas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Ángeles Martínez-Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Víctor Borrell
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
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Freret-Hodara B, Cui Y, Griveau A, Vigier L, Arai Y, Touboul J, Pierani A. Enhanced Abventricular Proliferation Compensates Cell Death in the Embryonic Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4701-4718. [PMID: 27620979 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of neurons in the neocortex is generally thought to result in a final reduction of cerebral volume. Yet, little is known on how the developing cerebral cortex copes with death of early-born neurons. Here, we tackled this issue by taking advantage of a transgenic mouse model in which, from early embryonic stages to mid-corticogenesis, abundant apoptosis is induced in the postmitotic compartment. Unexpectedly, the thickness of the mutant cortical plate at E18.5 was normal, due to an overproduction of upper layer neurons at E14.5. We developed and simulated a mathematical model to investigate theoretically the recovering capacity of the system and found that a minor increase in the probability of proliferative divisions of intermediate progenitors (IPs) is a powerful compensation lever. We confirmed experimentally that mutant mice showed an enhanced number of abventricular progenitors including basal radial glia-like cells and IPs. The latter displayed increased proliferation rate, sustained Pax6 expression and shorter cell cycle duration. Altogether, these results demonstrate the remarkable plasticity of neocortical progenitors to adapt to major embryonic insults via the modulation of abventricular divisions thereby ensuring the production of an appropriate number of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Freret-Hodara
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205Paris Cedex, France
| | - Yi Cui
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex, France.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)-Collège de France and INRIA Paris, EPI MYCENAE, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale Cerveau Cognition Comportement (ED3C, ED n°158), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 Quai Saint Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amélie Griveau
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205Paris Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Vigier
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205Paris Cedex, France
| | - Yoko Arai
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205Paris Cedex, France
| | - Jonathan Touboul
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)-Collège de France and INRIA Paris, EPI MYCENAE, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot , 75005Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Pierani
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205Paris Cedex, France
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Ruiz-Reig N, Andres B, Lamonerie T, Theil T, Fairén A, Studer M. The caudo-ventral pallium is a novel pallial domain expressing Gdf10 and generating Ebf3-positive neurons of the medial amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3279-3295. [PMID: 29869132 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, the medial nucleus of the amygdala receives direct inputs from the accessory olfactory bulbs and is mainly implicated in pheromone-mediated reproductive and defensive behaviors. The principal neurons of the medial amygdala are GABAergic neurons generated principally in the caudo-ventral medial ganglionic eminence and preoptic area. Beside GABAergic neurons, the medial amygdala also contains glutamatergic Otp-expressing neurons cells generated in the lateral hypothalamic neuroepithelium and a non-well characterized Pax6-positive population. In the present work, we describe a novel glutamatergic Ebf3-expressing neuronal subpopulation distributed within the periphery of the postero-ventral medial amygdala. These neurons are generated in a pallial domain characterized by high expression of Gdf10. This territory is topologically the most caudal tier of the ventral pallium and accordingly, we named it Caudo-Ventral Pallium (CVP). In the absence of Pax6, the CVP is disrupted and Ebf3-expressing neurons fail to be generated. Overall, this work proposes a novel model of the neuronal composition of the medial amygdala and unravels for the first time a new novel pallial subpopulation originating from the CVP and expressing the transcription factor Ebf3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108, Nice, France.
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC-UMH), 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.
| | - Belen Andres
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC-UMH), 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Thomas Lamonerie
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108, Nice, France
| | - Thomas Theil
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Alfonso Fairén
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC-UMH), 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- , Palau 11, 03550, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06108, Nice, France.
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Cortical developmental death: selected to survive or fated to die. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:35-42. [PMID: 29738999 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mature cerebral cortex only contains a fraction of the cells that are generated during embryonic development. Indeed some neuronal populations are produced in excess and later subjected to partial elimination whereas others are almost completely removed during the first two postnatal weeks in mice. Although the identity of cells that disappear, the time course and mechanisms of their death are becoming reasonably well established, the meaning of producing supernumerary cells still remains elusive. In this review, we focus on recent data that shed a new light on the mechanisms involved in adjusting cell numbers and discuss the significance of refinement versus complete elimination of cell populations in the developing cortex.
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Meyer G, González-Gómez M. The heterogeneity of human Cajal-Retzius neurons. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 76:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chou FS, Li R, Wang PS. Molecular components and polarity of radial glial cells during cerebral cortex development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1027-1041. [PMID: 29018869 PMCID: PMC11105283 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Originating from ectodermal epithelium, radial glial cells (RGCs) retain apico-basolateral polarity and comprise a pseudostratified epithelial layer in the developing cerebral cortex. The apical endfeet of the RGCs faces the fluid-filled ventricles, while the basal processes extend across the entire cortical span towards the pial surface. RGC functions are largely dependent on this polarized structure and the molecular components that define it. In this review, we will dissect existing molecular evidence on RGC polarity establishment and during cerebral cortex development and provide our perspective on the remaining key questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pei-Shan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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50
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Ruiz-Reig N, Andrés B, Huilgol D, Grove EA, Tissir F, Tole S, Theil T, Herrera E, Fairén A. Lateral Thalamic Eminence: A Novel Origin for mGluR1/Lot Cells. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:2841-2856. [PMID: 27178193 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique population of cells, called "lot cells," circumscribes the path of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) in the rodent brain and acts to restrict its position at the lateral margin of the telencephalon. Lot cells were believed to originate in the dorsal pallium (DP). We show that Lhx2 null mice that lack a DP show a significant increase in the number of mGluR1/lot cells in the piriform cortex, indicating a non-DP origin of these cells. Since lot cells present common developmental features with Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, we analyzed Wnt3a- and Dbx1-reporter mouse lines and found that mGluR1/lot cells are not generated in the cortical hem, ventral pallium, or septum, the best characterized sources of CR cells. Finally, we identified a novel origin for the lot cells by combining in utero electroporation assays and histochemical characterization. We show that mGluR1/lot cells are specifically generated in the lateral thalamic eminence and that they express mitral cell markers, although a minority of them express ΔNp73 instead. We conclude that most mGluR1/lot cells are prospective mitral cells migrating to the accessory olfactory bulb (OB), whereas mGluR1+, ΔNp73+ cells are CR cells that migrate through the LOT to the piriform cortex and the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC - UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Belén Andrés
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC - UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Dhananjay Huilgol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.,Current address: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | | | - Fadel Tissir
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Neuroscience, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Thomas Theil
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eloisa Herrera
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC - UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Fairén
- Instituto de Neurociencias (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández, CSIC - UMH), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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