1
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Field JT, Gordon JW. BNIP3 and Nix: Atypical regulators of cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119325. [PMID: 35863652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 25 years ago, the BCL-2 family members BNIP3 and BNIP3L (aka Nix) have been labelled 'atypical'. Originally, this was because BNIP3 and Nix have divergent BH3 domains compared to other BCL-2 proteins. In addition, this atypical BH3 domain is dispensable for inducing cell death, which is also unusual for a 'death gene'. Instead, BNIP3 and Nix utilize a transmembrane domain, which allows for dimerization and insertion into and through organelle membranes to elicit cell death. Much has been learned regarding the biological function of these two atypical death genes, including their role in metabolic stress, where BNIP3 is responsive to hypoxia, while Nix responds variably to hypoxia and is also down-stream of PKC signaling and lipotoxic stress. Interestingly, both BNIP3 and Nix respond to signals related to cell atrophy. In addition, our current view of regulated cell death has expanded to include forms of necrosis such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and permeability transition-mediated cell death where BNIP3 and Nix have been shown to play context- and cell-type specific roles. Perhaps the most intriguing discoveries in recent years are the results demonstrating roles for BNIP3 and Nix outside of the purview of death genes, such as regulation of proliferation, differentiation/maturation, mitochondrial dynamics, macro- and selective-autophagy. We provide a historical and unbiased overview of these 'death genes', including new information related to alternative splicing and post-translational modification. In addition, we propose to redefine these two atypical members of the BCL-2 family as versatile regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Field
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Joseph W Gordon
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; The Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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2
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Simon SE, Lim HS, Jayakumar FA, Tan EW, Tan KO. Alpha-Mangostin Activates MOAP-1 Tumor Suppressor and Mitochondrial Signaling in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:7548191. [PMID: 35082905 PMCID: PMC8786502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7548191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
α-Mangostin, one of the major constituents of Garcinia mangostana, has been reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis. However, the cellular signaling pathway mediated by α-mangostin has not been firmly established. To investigate the cellular activities of α-mangostin, human cancer cells, MCF-7 and MCF-7-CR cells, were treated with α-mangostin to measure the cellular responses, including cytotoxicity, protein-protein interaction, and protein expression. Cancer cells stably expressed Myc-BCL-XL and HA-MOAP-1 were also included in the studies to delineate the cell signaling events mediated by α-mangostin. Our results showed that the apoptosis signaling mediated by α-mangostin involves the upregulation of endogenous MOAP-1, which interacts with α-mangostin activated BAX (act-BAX) while downregulating the expression of BCL-XL. Moreover, α-mangostin was found to induce BAX oligomerization, the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C, and activation of caspase in MCF-7 cells. In overexpression studies, MCF-7 cells and spheroids stably expressed HA-MOAP-1 and Myc-BCL-XL exhibited differential chemosensitivity toward α-mangostin in which the stable clones expressing HA-MOAP-1 and MYC-BCL-XL were chemosensitive and chemoresistant to the apoptosis signaling events mediated by α-mangostin, respectively, when compared to untreated cells. Together, the data suggest that the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin involves the activation of MOAP-1 tumor suppressor and its interaction with act-BAX, leading to mitochondria dysfunction and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eugin Simon
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Hui Sin Lim
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fairen Angelin Jayakumar
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ee Wern Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Onn Tan
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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3
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Tanriver G, Monard G, Catak S. Impact of Deamidation on the Structure and Function of Antiapoptotic Bcl-x L. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:102-115. [PMID: 34942070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-xL is an antiapoptotic mitochondrial trans-membrane protein, which is known to play a crucial role in the survival of tumor cells. The deamidation of Bcl-xL is a pivotal switch that regulates its biological function. The potential impact of deamidation on the structure and dynamics of Bcl-xL is directly linked to the intrinsically disordered region (IDR), which is the main site for post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this study, we explored deamidation-induced conformational changes in Bcl-xL to gain insight into its loss of function by performing microsecond-long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD simulation outcomes showed that the IDR motion and interaction patterns have changed notably upon deamidation. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrates significant differences between wild-type and deamidated Bcl-xL and suggests that deamidation affects the structure and dynamics of Bcl-xL. The combination of clustering analysis, H-bond analysis, and PCA revealed changes in conformation, interaction, and dynamics upon deamidation. Differences in contact patterns and essential dynamics that lead to a narrowing in the binding groove (BG) are clear indications of deamidation-induced allosteric effects. In line with previous studies, we show that the IDR plays a very important role in the loss of apoptotic functions of Bcl-xL while providing a unique perspective on the underlying mechanism of Bcl-xL deamidation-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Tanriver
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.,Université de Lorraine, LPCT UMR 7019 CNRS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Gerald Monard
- Université de Lorraine, LPCT UMR 7019 CNRS, Boulevard des Aiguillettes B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Saron Catak
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Murad F, Garcia-Saez AJ. Bcl-xL inhibits tBid and Bax via distinct mechanisms. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:86-102. [PMID: 34528939 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The proteins of the Bcl-2 family are key regulators of apoptosis. They form a complex interaction network in the cytosol and in cellular membranes, whose outcome determines mitochondrial permeabilization and commitment to death. However, we still do not understand how the action of the different family members is orchestrated to regulate apoptosis. Here, we combined quantitative analysis of the interactions and the localization dynamics of the family representatives Bcl-xL, Bax and tBid, in living cells. We discovered that Bax and tBid are able to constitutively shuttle between cytosol and mitochondria in the absence of other Bcl-2 proteins. Bcl-xL clearly stabilized tBid at mitochondria, where they formed tight complexes. In contrast, Bcl-xL promoted Bax retrotranslocation to the cytosol without affecting its shuttling rate, but by forming weak inhibitory mitochondrial complexes. Furthermore, analysis of phospho-mimetics of Bcl-xL suggested that phosphorylation regulates the function of Bcl-xL via multiple mechanisms. Altogether, our findings support a model in which the Bcl-2 network not only modulates protein/protein interactions among the family members, but also their respective intracellular localization dynamics, to regulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabronia Murad
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Soliman R, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Martins TG, Moein M, Conrotte JF, Warmack RA, Skupin A, Crawford AD, Clarke SG, Linster CL. l-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Deficiency in Zebrafish Leads to Impaired Calcium Signaling in the Brain. Front Genet 2021; 11:612343. [PMID: 33552132 PMCID: PMC7859441 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.612343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomerization of l-aspartyl and l-asparaginyl residues to l-isoaspartyl residues is one type of protein damage that can occur under physiological conditions and leads to conformational changes, loss of function, and enhanced protein degradation. Protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PCMT) is a repair enzyme whose action initiates the reconversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to normal l-aspartyl residues in proteins. Many lines of evidence support a crucial role for PCMT in the brain, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated PCMT activity and function in zebrafish, a vertebrate model that is particularly well-suited to analyze brain function using a variety of techniques. We characterized the expression products of the zebrafish PCMT homologous genes pcmt and pcmtl. Both zebrafish proteins showed a robust l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity and highest mRNA transcript levels were found in brain and testes. Zebrafish morphant larvae with a knockdown in both the pcmt and pcmtl genes showed pronounced morphological abnormalities, decreased survival, and increased isoaspartyl levels. Interestingly, we identified a profound perturbation of brain calcium homeostasis in these morphants. An abnormal calcium response upon ATP stimulation was also observed in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells knocked out for Pcmt1. This work shows that zebrafish is a promising model to unravel further facets of PCMT function and demonstrates, for the first time in vivo, that PCMT plays a pivotal role in the regulation of calcium fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remon Soliman
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Teresa G Martins
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahsa Moein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jean-François Conrotte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rebeccah A Warmack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremer Innovations- und Technologiezentrum, Bremen, Germany
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carole L Linster
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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6
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Abstract
Bcl-xL is a pro-survival protein of the Bcl2 family found in the mitochondrial membrane. Bcl-xL supports growth, development, and maturation of neurons, and it also prevents neuronal death during neurotoxic stimulation. This article reviews the mechanisms and upstream signaling that regulate the activity and abundance of Bcl-xL. Our team and others have reported that oxidative stress is a key regulator of intracellular Bcl-xL balance in neurons. Oxidative stress regulates synthesis, degradation, and activity of Bcl-xL and therefore neuronal function. During apoptosis, pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins such as Bax and Bak translocate to and oligomerize in the mitochondrial membrane. Formation of oligomers causes release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases that lead to neuronal death. Bcl-xL binds directly to pro-apoptotic Bcl2 proteins to block apoptotic signaling. Although anti-apoptotic roles of Bcl-xL have been well documented, an increasing number of studies in recent decades show that protein binding partners of Bcl-xL are not limited to Bcl2 proteins. Bcl-xL forms a complex with F1Fo ATP synthase, DJ-1, DRP1, IP3R, and the ryanodine receptor. These proteins support physiological processes in neurons such as growth and development and prevent neuronal damage by regulating mitochondrial ATP production, synapse formation, synaptic vesicle recycling, neurotransmission, and calcium signaling. However, under conditions of oxidative stress, Bcl-xL undergoes proteolytic cleavage thus lowering the abundance of functional Bcl-xL in neurons. Additionally, oxidative stress alters formation of Bcl-xL-mediated multiprotein complexes by regulating post-translational phosphorylation. Finally, oxidative stress regulates transcription factors that target the Bcl-x gene and alter accessibility of microRNA to mRNA influencing mRNA levels of Bcl-xL. In this review, we discussed how Bcl-xL supports the normal physiology of neurons, and how oxidative stress contributes to pathology by manipulating the dynamics of Bcl-xL production, degradation, and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-A Park
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Katheryn Broman
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, College of Human Environmental Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Ryzhov P, Tian Y, Yao Y, Bobkov AA, Im W, Marassi FM. Conformational States of the Cytoprotective Protein Bcl-xL. Biophys J 2020; 119:1324-1334. [PMID: 32888404 PMCID: PMC7567986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL is a major inhibitor of apoptosis, a fundamental homeostatic process of programmed cell death that is highly conserved across evolution. Because it plays prominent roles in cancer, Bcl-xL is a major target for anticancer therapy and for studies aimed at understanding its structure and activity. Although Bcl-xL is active primarily at intracellular membranes, most studies have focused on soluble forms of the protein lacking both the membrane-anchoring C-terminal tail and the intrinsically disordered loop, and this has resulted in a fragmented view of the protein's biological activity. Here, we describe the conformation of full-length Bcl-xL. Using NMR spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and isothermal titration calorimetry, we show how the three structural elements affect the protein's structure, dynamics, and ligand-binding activity in both its soluble and membrane-anchored states. The combined data provide information about the molecular basis for the protein's functionality and a view of its complex molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ryzhov
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ye Tian
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Yong Yao
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrey A Bobkov
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Wonpil Im
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Chemistry, and Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Francesca M Marassi
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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8
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Off-pathway 3D-structure provides protection against spontaneous Asn/Asp isomerization: shielding proteins Achilles heel. Q Rev Biophys 2020; 53:e2. [PMID: 32000865 DOI: 10.1017/s003358351900009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous deamidation prompted backbone isomerization of Asn/Asp residues resulting in - most cases - the insertion of an extra methylene group into the backbone poses a threat to the structural integrity of proteins. Here we present a systematical analysis of how temperature, pH, presence of charged residues, but most importantly backbone conformation and dynamics affect isomerization rates as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance in the case of designed peptide-models. We demonstrate that restricted mobility (such as being part of a secondary structural element) may safeguard against isomerization, but this protective factor is most effective in the case of off-pathway folds which can slow the reaction by several magnitudes compared to their on-pathway counterparts. We show that the geometric descriptors of the initial nucleophilic attack of the isomerization can be used to classify local conformation and contribute to the design of stable protein drugs, antibodies or the assessment of the severity of mutations. At any –Asn/AspGly– sites in proteins a spontaneous backbone isomerization occurs within days under physiological conditions leading to various forms of proteopathy. This unwanted transformation especially harmful to long-lived proteins (e.g. hemoglobin and crystallins), can be slowed down, though never stopped, by a rigid three-dimensional protein fold, if it can delay in the conformational maze, on-pathway intermediates from occurring.
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9
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Borrás C, Mas-Bargues C, Román-Domínguez A, Sanz-Ros J, Gimeno-Mallench L, Inglés M, Gambini J, Viña J. BCL-xL, a Mitochondrial Protein Involved in Successful Aging: From C. elegans to Human Centenarians. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020418. [PMID: 31936510 PMCID: PMC7014191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B-Cell Lymphoma-extra-large (BCL-xL) is involved in longevity and successful aging, which indicates a role for BCL-xL in cell survival pathway regulation. Beyond its well described role as an inhibitor of apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c release, BCL-xL has also been related, indirectly, to autophagy and senescence pathways. Although in these latter cases, BCL-xL has dual roles, either activating or inhibiting, depending on the cell type and the specific conditions. Taken together, all these findings suggest a precise mechanism of action for BCL-xL, able to regulate the crosstalk between apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence, thus promoting cell survival or cell death. All three pathways can be both beneficial or detrimental depending on the circumstances. Thus, targeting BCL-xL would in turn be a "double-edge sword" and therefore, additional studies are needed to better comprehend this dual and apparently contradictory role of BCL-XL in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Mas-Bargues
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Aurora Román-Domínguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jorge Sanz-Ros
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Lucia Gimeno-Mallench
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Marta Inglés
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Avenida Blasco Ibañez, 15 46010 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-B.); (A.R.-D.); (J.S.-R.); (L.G.-M.); (J.G.); (J.V.)
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10
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Zhang S, Carriere J, Lin X, Xie N, Feng P. Interplay between Cellular Metabolism and Cytokine Responses during Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100521. [PMID: 30249998 PMCID: PMC6213852 DOI: 10.3390/v10100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and immune responses are two fundamental biological processes that serve to protect hosts from viral infection. As obligate intracellular pathogens, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to activate metabolism, while inactivating immune responses to achieve maximal reproduction or persistence within their hosts. The two-way virus-host interaction with metabolism and immune responses choreograph cytokine production via reprogramming metabolism of infected cells/hosts. In return, cytokines can affect the metabolism of virus-infected and bystander cells to impede viral replication processes. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the cross-talk between metabolic reprogramming and cytokine responses, and to highlight future potential research topics. Although the focus is placed on viral pathogens, relevant findings from other microbes are integrated to provide an overall picture, particularly when corresponding information on viral infection is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Na Xie
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0641, USA.
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11
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Ho M, Mettouchi A, Wilson BA, Lemichez E. CNF1-like deamidase domains: common Lego bricks among cancer-promoting immunomodulatory bacterial virulence factors. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4992304. [PMID: 29733372 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the cellular proteome over time due to spontaneous or toxin-mediated enzymatic deamidation of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine (Asn) residues contribute to bacterial infection and might represent a source of aging-related diseases. Here, we put into perspective what is known about the mode of action of the CNF1 toxin from pathogenic Escherichia coli, a paradigm of bacterial deamidases that activate Rho GTPases, to illustrate the importance of determining whether exposure to these factors are risk factors in the etiology age-related diseases, such as cancer. In particular, through in silico analysis of the distribution of the CNF1-like deamidase active site Gly-Cys-(Xaa)n-His sequence motif in bacterial genomes, we unveil the wide distribution of the super-family of CNF-like toxins and CNF-like deamidase domains among members of the Enterobacteriacae and in association with a large variety of toxin delivery systems. We extent our discussion with recent findings concerning cellular systems that control activated Rac1 GTPase stability and provide protection against cancer. These findings point to the urgency for developing holistic approaches toward personalized medicine that include monitoring for asymptomatic carriage of pathogenic toxin-producing bacteria and that ultimately might lead to improved public health and increased lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Bacterial Toxins Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Bacterial Toxins Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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12
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Bcl-x L deamidation is regulated by multiple ion transporters and is intramolecularly catalyzed. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:995-1001. [PMID: 29694915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In susceptible tumor cells, DNA-damaging antineoplastic agents induce an increase in intracellular pH during the premitochondrial stage of apoptosis. The rate of nonenzymatic deamidation of two asparagines in the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL is accelerated by this increase in pH. Deamidation of these asparagines is a signal for the degradation of Bcl-xL, which is a component of the apoptotic response to DNA damage. It has previously been shown that the increase in pH is mediated by the ion transporter Na+/H+ exchanger 1 in some cells. Here we demonstrate that one or more additional ion transporters also have a role in the regulation of Bcl-xL deamidation in at least some tumor cell lines and fibroblasts. As a second, independent finding, we report that there are histidines in close proximity to the Bcl-xL deamidation sites that are highly conserved in land-dwelling species and we present evidence that deamidation of human Bcl-xL is intramolecularly catalyzed in a manner that is dependent upon these histidines. Further, we present evidence that these histidines act as a pH-sensitive switch that enhances the effect of the increase in pH on the rate of Bcl-xL deamidation. The conservation of such histidines implies that human Bcl-xL is in essence "designed" to be deamidated, which provides further evidence that deamidation serves as a bona fide regulatory post-translational modification of Bcl-xL.
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13
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Regulation of apoptosis by an intrinsically disordered region of Bcl-xL. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:458-465. [PMID: 29507390 PMCID: PMC5899648 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins often regulate function upon posttranslational modifications (PTMs) through interactions with folded domains. An IDR linking two α-helices (α1–α2) of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, experiences several PTMs, which reduce anti-apoptotic activity. Here, we report that PTMs within the α1–α2 IDR promote its interaction with the folded core of Bcl-xL that inhibits the pro-apoptotic activity of two types of regulatory targets, BH3-only proteins and p53. This autoregulation utilizes an allosteric pathway where, in one direction, the IDR induces a direct displacement of p53 from Bcl-xL coupled to allosteric displacement of simultaneously bound BH3-only partners. This pathway operates in the opposite direction when the BH3-only protein PUMA binds to the BH3 binding groove of Bcl-xL, directly displacing other bound BH3-only proteins, and allosterically remodeling the distal site, displacing p53. Our findings show how an IDR enhances functional versatility through PTM-dependent, allosteric regulation of a folded protein domain.
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14
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Shi H, Zhang B, Liu S, Tan C, Tan Y, Jiang Y. A New Strategy Involving the Use of Peptides and Graphene Oxide for Fluorescence Turn-on Detection of Proteins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E385. [PMID: 29382136 PMCID: PMC5855184 DOI: 10.3390/s18020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The detection of proteins is of great biological significance as disease biomarkers in early diagnosis, prognosis tracking and therapeutic evaluation. Thus, we developed a simple, sensitive and universal protein-sensing platform based on peptide and graphene oxide (GO). The design consists of a fluorophore (TAMRA, TAM), a peptide containing eight arginines and peptide ligand that could recognize the target protein, and GO used as a quencher. To demonstrate the feasible use of the sensor for target detection, Bcl-xL was evaluated as the model target. The sensor was proved to be sensitive and applied for the detection of the target proteins in buffer, 2% serum and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bibo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Chunyan Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, the Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Beaumatin F, El Dhaybi M, Lasserre JP, Salin B, Moyer MP, Verdier M, Manon S, Priault M. N52 monodeamidated Bcl‑xL shows impaired oncogenic properties in vivo and in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17129-43. [PMID: 26958941 PMCID: PMC4941376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-xL is a member of the Bcl-2 family, playing a critical role in the survival of tumor cells. Here, we show that Bcl-xL oncogenic function can be uncoupled from its anti-apoptotic activity when it is regulated by the post-translational deamidation of its Asn52. Bcl-xL activity can be regulated by post-translational modifications: deamidation of Asn52 and 66 into Asp residues was reported to occur exclusively in response to DNA damage, and to cripple its anti-apoptotic activity. Our work reports for the first time the spontaneous occurrence of monodeamidated Asp52Bcl-xL in control conditions, in vivo and in vitro. In the normal and cancer cell lines tested, no less than 30% and up to 56% of Bcl-xL was singly deamidated on Asn52. Functional analyses revealed that singly deamidated Bcl-xL retains anti-apoptotic functions, and exhibits enhanced autophagic activity while harboring impaired clonogenic and tumorigenic properties compared to native Bcl-xL. Additionally, Asp52Bcl-xL remains phosphorylatable, and thus is still an eligible target of anti-neoplasic agents. Altogether our results complement the existing data on Bcl-xL deamidation: they challenge the common acceptance that Asn52 and Asn66 are equally eligible for deamidation, and provide a valuable improvement of our knowledge on the regulation of Bcl-xLoncogenic functions by deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaumatin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamad El Dhaybi
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Salin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mireille Verdier
- EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Stéphen Manon
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France.,Université Bordeaux Ségalen, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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16
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Hao P, Adav SS, Gallart-Palau X, Sze SK. Recent advances in mass spectrometric analysis of protein deamidation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:677-692. [PMID: 26763661 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein deamidation has been proposed to represent a "molecular clock" that progressively disrupts protein structure and function in human degenerative diseases and natural aging. Importantly, this spontaneous process can also modify therapeutic proteins by altering their purity, stability, bioactivity, and antigenicity during drug synthesis and storage. Deamidation occurs non-enzymatically in vivo, but can also take place spontaneously in vitro, hence artificial deamidation during proteomic sample preparation can hamper efforts to identify and quantify endogenous deamidation of complex proteomes. To overcome this, mass spectrometry (MS) can be used to conduct rigorous site-specific characterization of protein deamidation due to the high sensitivity, speed, and specificity offered by this technique. This article reviews recent progress in MS analysis of protein deamidation and discusses the strengths and limitations of common "top-down" and "bottom-up" approaches. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, chromatographic separation, MS technology, and data processing have for the first time enabled the accurate and reliable characterization of protein modifications in complex biological samples, yielding important new data on how deamidation occurs across the entire proteome of human cells and tissues. These technological advances will lead to a better understanding of how deamidation contributes to the pathology of biological aging and major degenerative diseases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:677-692, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piliang Hao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Sunil S Adav
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
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17
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Beaumatin F, El Dhaybi M, Bobo C, Verdier M, Priault M. Bcl-x L deamidation and cancer: Charting the fame trajectories of legitimate child and hidden siblings. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017. [PMID: 28645514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 family proteins control programmed cell death through a complex network of interactions within and outside of this family, that are modulated by post-translational modifications (PTM). Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic member of this family, is overexpressed in a number of cancers, plays an important role in tumorigenesis and is correlated with drug resistance. Bcl-xL is susceptible to a number of different PTMs. Here, we focus on deamidation. We will first provide an overview of protein deamidation. We will then review how the apoptotic and autophagic functions of Bcl-xL are modified by this PTM, and how this impacts on its oncogenic properties. Possible therapeutic outcomes will also be discussed. Finally, we will highlight how the specific case of Bcl-xL deamidation provides groundings to revisit some concepts related to protein deamidation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaumatin
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mohamad El Dhaybi
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 2, rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Claude Bobo
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- EA 3842, Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, Université de Limoges, 2, rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et de Génétique Cellulaires, UMR5095, 1 Rue Camille Saint-Saëns, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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18
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Dho SH, Kim JY, Kwon ES, Lim JC, Park SS, Kwon KS. NOX5-L can stimulate proliferation and apoptosis depending on its levels and cellular context, determining cancer cell susceptibility to cisplatin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39235-46. [PMID: 26513170 PMCID: PMC4770769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase, NOX5, is known to stimulate cell proliferation in some cancers by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). We show here that the long form of NOX5 (NOX5-L) also promotes cell death, and thus determines the balance of proliferation and death, in skin, breast and lung cancer cells. Moderate expression of NOX5-L induced cell proliferation accompanied by AKT and ERK phosphorylation, whereas an increase in NOX5-L above a certain threshold promoted cancer cell death accompanied by caspase-3 activation. Notably, cisplatin treatment increased NOX5-L levels through CREB activation and enhanced NOX5-L activity through augmentation of Ca2+ release and c-Abl expression, ultimately triggering ROS-mediated cancer cell death—a distinct pathway absent in normal cells. These results indicate that NOX5-L determines cellular responses in a concentration- and context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Dho
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Kwon
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheong Lim
- Radioisotope Research Division, Department of Research Reactor Utilization, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sup Park
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhao J, Zeng Y, Xu S, Chen J, Shen G, Yu C, Knipe D, Yuan W, Peng J, Xu W, Zhang C, Xia Z, Feng P. A Viral Deamidase Targets the Helicase Domain of RIG-I to Block RNA-Induced Activation. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:770-784. [PMID: 27866900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RIG-I detects double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to trigger antiviral cytokine production. Protein deamidation is emerging as a post-translational modification that chiefly regulates protein function. We report here that UL37 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a protein deamidase that targets RIG-I to block RNA-induced activation. Mass spectrometry analysis identified two asparagine residues in the helicase 2i domain of RIG-I that were deamidated upon UL37 expression or HSV-1 infection. Deamidation rendered RIG-I unable to sense viral dsRNA, thus blocking its ability to trigger antiviral immune responses and restrict viral replication. Purified full-length UL37 and its carboxyl-terminal fragment were sufficient to deamidate RIG-I in vitro. Uncoupling RIG-I deamidation from HSV-1 infection, by engineering deamidation-resistant RIG-I or introducing deamidase-deficient UL37 into the HSV-1 genome, restored RIG-I activation and antiviral immune signaling. Our work identifies a viral deamidase and extends the paradigm of deamidation-mediated suppression of innate immunity by microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Guobo Shen
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Caiqun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, LJS 369, 840 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David Knipe
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian Peng
- Division of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, LJS 369, 840 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zanxian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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20
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Kresty LA, Weh KM, Zeyzus-Johns B, Perez LN, Howell AB. Cranberry proanthocyanidins inhibit esophageal adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo through pleiotropic cell death induction and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inactivation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33438-55. [PMID: 26378019 PMCID: PMC4741777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents known to improve urinary tract health and more recent evidence supports cranberries possess cancer inhibitory properties. However, mechanisms of cancer inhibition by cranberries remain to be elucidated, particularly in vivo. Properties of a purified cranberry-derived proanthocyanidin extract (C-PAC) were investigated utilizing acid-sensitive and acid-resistant human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines and esophageal tumor xenografts in athymic NU/NU mice. C-PAC induced caspase-independent cell death mainly via autophagy and low levels of apoptosis in acid-sensitive JHAD1 and OE33 cells, but resulted in cellular necrosis in acid-resistant OE19 cells. Similarly, C-PAC induced necrosis in JHAD1 cells pushed to acid-resistance via repeated exposures to an acidified bile cocktail. C-PAC associated cell death involved PI3K/AKT/mTOR inactivation, pro-apoptotic protein induction (BAX, BAK1, deamidated BCL-xL, Cytochrome C, PARP), modulation of MAPKs (P-P38/P-JNK) and G2-M cell cycle arrest in vitro. Importantly, oral delivery of C-PAC significantly inhibited OE19 tumor xenograft growth via modulation of AKT/mTOR/MAPK signaling and induction of the autophagic form of LC3B supporting in vivo efficacy against EAC for the first time. C-PAC is a potent inducer of EAC cell death and is efficacious in vivo at non-toxic behaviorally achievable concentrations, holding promise for preventive or therapeutic interventions in cohorts at increased risk for EAC, a rapidly rising and extremely deadly malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Kresty
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katherine M Weh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bree Zeyzus-Johns
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura N Perez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy B Howell
- Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, New Jersey, USA
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21
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Proteolysis targeting peptide (PROTAP) strategy for protein ubiquitination and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:936-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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O'Connell NE, Lelli K, Mann RS, Palmer AG. Asparagine deamidation reduces DNA-binding affinity of the Drosophila melanogaster Scr homeodomain. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3237-41. [PMID: 26435141 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous deamidation of asparagine is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins. Residue Asn 321 is the main site of deamidation of the Drosophila melanogaster Hox transcription factor Sex Combs Reduced (Scr). Formation of iso-aspartate, the major deamidation product, is detected by HNCACB triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy. The rate of deamidation is quantified by fitting the decay of Asn NH2 side-chain signals in a time-series of (15)N-(1)H HSQC NMR spectra. The deamidated form of Scr binds to specific DNA target sequences with reduced affinity as determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole E O'Connell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Katherine Lelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Richard S Mann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Arthur G Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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23
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Banerji J. Asparaginase treatment side-effects may be due to genes with homopolymeric Asn codons (Review-Hypothesis). Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:607-26. [PMID: 26178806 PMCID: PMC4533780 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present treatment of childhood T-cell leukemias involves the systemic administration of prokary-otic L-asparaginase (ASNase), which depletes plasma Asparagine (Asn) and inhibits protein synthesis. The mechanism of therapeutic action of ASNase is poorly understood, as are the etiologies of the side-effects incurred by treatment. Protein expression from genes bearing Asn homopolymeric coding regions (N-hCR) may be particularly susceptible to Asn level fluctuation. In mammals, N-hCR are rare, short and conserved. In humans, misfunctions of genes encoding N-hCR are associated with a cluster of disorders that mimic ASNase therapy side-effects which include impaired glycemic control, dislipidemia, pancreatitis, compromised vascular integrity, and neurological dysfunction. This paper proposes that dysregulation of Asn homeostasis, potentially even by ASNase produced by the microbiome, may contribute to several clinically important syndromes by altering expression of N-hCR bearing genes. By altering amino acid abundance and modulating ribosome translocation rates at codon repeats, the microbiomic environment may contribute to genome decoding and to shaping the proteome. We suggest that impaired translation at poly Asn codons elevates diabetes risk and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Banerji
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, MGH, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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24
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Fares M, Abedi-Valugerdi M, Hassan M, Potácová Z. DNA damage, lysosomal degradation and Bcl-xL deamidation in doxycycline- and minocycline-induced cell death in the K562 leukemic cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:268-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mitochondrial inhibitor sensitizes non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by reactive oxygen species and Bcl-X(L)/p53-mediated amplification mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1579. [PMID: 25522273 PMCID: PMC4649849 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent for anticancer therapy; however, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells are relatively TRAIL resistant. Identification of small molecules that can restore NSCLC susceptibility to TRAIL-induced apoptosis is meaningful. We found here that rotenone, as a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor, preferentially increased NSCLC cells sensitivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis at subtoxic concentrations, the mechanisms by which were accounted by the upregulation of death receptors and the downregulation of c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein). Further analysis revealed that death receptors expression by rotenone was regulated by p53, whereas c-FLIP downregulation was blocked by Bcl-XL overexpression. Rotenone triggered the mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which subsequently led to Bcl-XL downregulation and PUMA upregulation. As PUMA expression was regulated by p53, the PUMA, Bcl-XL and p53 in rotenone-treated cells form a positive feedback amplification loop to increase the apoptosis sensitivity. Mitochondria-derived ROS, however, promote the formation of this amplification loop. Collectively, we concluded that ROS generation, Bcl-XL and p53-mediated amplification mechanisms had an important role in the sensitization of NSCLC cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by rotenone. The combined TRAIL and rotenone treatment may be appreciated as a useful approach for the therapy of NSCLC that warrants further investigation.
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Moretti D, Del Bello B, Allavena G, Maellaro E. Calpains and cancer: Friends or enemies? Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yadav N, Chandra D. Mitochondrial and postmitochondrial survival signaling in cancer. Mitochondrion 2013; 16:18-25. [PMID: 24333692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to therapy remain unclear. Cellular survival machinery protects mitochondrial integrity against endogenous or exogenous stresses. Prodeath molecules orchestrate around mitochondria to initiate and execute cell death in cancer, and also play an underappreciated role in survival of cancer cells. Prosurvival mechanisms can operate at mitochondrial and postmitochondrial levels to attenuate core apoptotic death program. It is intriguing to explore how prosurvival and prodeath molecules crosstalk to regulate mitochondrial functions leading to increased cancer cell survival. This review describes some putative survival mechanisms at mitochondria, which may play a role in designing effective agents for cancer prevention and therapy. These survival pathways may also have significance in understanding other human pathophysiological conditions including diabetes, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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