1
|
Wang Y, Li X, Huang Y, Gang Q, Liu M, Zhang H, Shen S, Qi Y, Zhang J. The Prognostic Value and Potential Immune Mechanisms of lncRNAs Related to Immunogenic Cell Death in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1995-2008. [PMID: 38566983 PMCID: PMC10986630 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s456452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated with immunogenic cell death (ICD) play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and offer prognostic insights for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. This study delves into the impact of ICD-related lncRNAs on the prognosis of PTC. Methods PTC samples were accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid carcinoma database (TCGA-THCA) and consensus cluster analysis to elucidate the influence of ICD-related lncRNA expression. To gauge the prognostic significance of these lncRNAs, we developed a prognostic model. Additionally, we conducted GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, assessed immune cell infiltration (ICI) using CIBERSORT and ssGSEA, examined immune checkpoint expression, tumor mutation burden (TMB), tumor microenvironment (TME), T-cell dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), TCIA, and drug sensitivity across various groups. A comprehensive suite of in vitro experiments, encompassing EdU labeling, wound scratch assays, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry, were conducted to elucidate the regulatory role of LINC00924 in two PTC cell lines, BCPAP and TPC1, transfected with LINC00924 overexpression plasmids. Results Two distinct clusters demonstrated varying TME, BRAF, NRAS, and ICI characteristics, suggesting potential immune mechanisms in PTC. Our prognostic model identified seven lncRNAs: SRRM2-AS1, AC008556.1, BHLHE40-AS1, EGOT, AL39066.1, LINC00924, and PICART1. The expression of ICD-related lncRNAs correlated with progression-free interval (PFI) in PTC patients. Overexpression of LINC00924 significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while augmenting apoptosis in PTC cells. Conclusion Our findings highlight the potential of ICD-related lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for PFI in PTC. In vitro experiments suggest a protective role of LINC00924 in PTC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinde Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 401147, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Gang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shikai Shen
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Zhang W, Li X, Cao Z, Liu C. DNA polymerase beta connects tumorigenicity with the circadian clock in liver cancer through the epigenetic demethylation of Per1. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:78. [PMID: 38245510 PMCID: PMC10799862 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The circadian-controlled DNA repair exhibits a strong diurnal rhythm. Disruption in circadian clock and DNA repair is closely linked with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, but the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that polymerase beta (POLB), a critical enzyme in the DNA base excision repair pathway, is rhythmically expressed at the translational level in mouse livers. Hepatic POLB dysfunction dampens clock homeostasis, whereas retards HCC progression, by mediating the methylation of the 4th CpG island on the 5'UTR of clock gene Per1. Clinically, POLB is overexpressed in human HCC samples and positively associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, the hepatic rhythmicity of POLB protein expression is orchestrated by Calreticulin (CALR). Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the synergy between clock and food signals on the POLB-driven BER system and reveal new clock-dependent carcinogenetic effects of POLB. Therefore, chronobiological modulation of POLB may help to promote precise interventions for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
- Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing, 401135, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Essouma M. Autoimmune inflammatory myopathy biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117742. [PMID: 38176522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmune inflammatory myopathy disease spectrum, commonly known as myositis, is a group of systemic diseases that mainly affect the muscles, skin and lungs. Biomarker assessment helps in understanding disease mechanisms, allowing for the implementation of precise strategies in the classification, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. This review examines the pathogenic mechanisms and highlights current data on blood and tissue biomarkers of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Essouma
- Network of Immunity in Infections, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nomura TK, Endo S, Kuwano T, Fukasawa K, Takashima S, Todo T, Furuta K, Yamamoto T, Hinoi E, Koyama H, Honda R. ARL-17477 is a dual inhibitor of NOS1 and the autophagic-lysosomal system that prevents tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10757. [PMID: 37402770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ARL-17477 is a selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) inhibitor that has been used in many preclinical studies since its initial discovery in the 1990s. In the present study, we demonstrate that ARL-17477 exhibits a NOS1-independent pharmacological activity that involves inhibition of the autophagy-lysosomal system and prevents cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Initially, we screened a chemical compound library for potential anticancer agents, and identified ARL-17477 with micromolar anticancer activity against a wide spectrum of cancers, preferentially affecting cancer stem-like cells and KRAS-mutant cancer cells. Interestingly, ARL-17477 also affected NOS1-knockout cells, suggesting the existence of a NOS1-independent anticancer mechanism. Analysis of cell signals and death markers revealed that LC3B-II, p62, and GABARAP-II protein levels were significantly increased by ARL-17477. Furthermore, ARL-17477 had a chemical structure similar to that of chloroquine, suggesting the inhibition of autophagic flux at the level of lysosomal fusion as an underlying anticancer mechanism. Consistently, ARL-17477 induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization, impaired protein aggregate clearance, and activated transcription factor EB and lysosomal biogenesis. Furthermore, in vivo ARL-17477 inhibited the tumor growth of KRAS-mutant cancer. Thus, ARL-17477 is a dual inhibitor of NOS1 and the autophagy-lysosomal system that could potentially be used as a cancer therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teiko Komori Nomura
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuma Kuwano
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takashima
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Division of Genomics Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Furuta
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuhei Yamamoto
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroko Koyama
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryo Honda
- United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weinhäuser I, Pereira-Martins DA, Almeida LY, Hilberink JR, Silveira DRA, Quek L, Ortiz C, Araujo CL, Bianco TM, Lucena-Araujo A, Mota JM, Hogeling SM, Sternadt D, Visser N, Diepstra A, Ammatuna E, Huls G, Rego EM, Schuringa JJ. M2 macrophages drive leukemic transformation by imposing resistance to phagocytosis and improving mitochondrial metabolism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8522. [PMID: 37058562 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly becoming clear that cancers are a symbiosis of diverse cell types and tumor clones. Combined single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry studies of the innate immune compartment in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) reveal a shift toward a tumor-supportive M2-polarized macrophage landscape with an altered transcriptional program, with enhanced fatty acid oxidation and NAD+ generation. Functionally, these AML-associated macrophages display decreased phagocytic activity and intra-bone marrow coinjection of M2 macrophages together with leukemic blasts strongly enhances in vivo transformation potential. A 2-day in vitro exposure to M2 macrophages results in the accumulation of CALRlow leukemic blast cells, which are now protected against phagocytosis. Moreover, M2-exposed "trained" leukemic blasts display increased mitochondrial metabolism, in part mediated via mitochondrial transfer. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms by which the immune landscape contributes to aggressive leukemia development and provides alternatives for targeting strategies aimed at the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weinhäuser
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego A Pereira-Martins
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciana Y Almeida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacobien R Hilberink
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Douglas R A Silveira
- Myeloid Leukaemia Genomics and Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lynn Quek
- Myeloid Leukaemia Genomics and Biology Group, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Cesar Ortiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Cleide L Araujo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Bianco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Mauricio Mota
- Medical Oncology Service, Sao Paulo State Cancer Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shanna M Hogeling
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Sternadt
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nienke Visser
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerwin Huls
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eduardo M Rego
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Cancer Research Centre Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li K, Huo Q, Li BY, Yokota H. The Double-Edged Proteins in Cancer Proteomes and the Generation of Induced Tumor-Suppressing Cells (iTSCs). Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010005. [PMID: 36810561 PMCID: PMC9944087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike a prevalent expectation that tumor cells secrete tumor-promoting proteins and stimulate the progression of neighboring tumor cells, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of tumor-secreted proteins is double-edged and context-dependent. Some of the oncogenic proteins in the cytoplasm and cell membranes, which are considered to promote the proliferation and migration of tumor cells, may inversely act as tumor-suppressing proteins in the extracellular domain. Furthermore, the action of tumor-secreted proteins by aggressive "super-fit" tumor cells can be different from those derived from "less-fit" tumor cells. Tumor cells that are exposed to chemotherapeutic agents could alter their secretory proteomes. Super-fit tumor cells tend to secrete tumor-suppressing proteins, while less-fit or chemotherapeutic agent-treated tumor cells may secrete tumor-promotive proteomes. Interestingly, proteomes derived from nontumor cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells mostly share common features with tumor cell-derived proteomes in response to certain signals. This review introduces the double-sided functions of tumor-secreted proteins and describes the proposed underlying mechanism, which would possibly be based on cell competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qingji Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: (B.-Y.L.); (H.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv X, Fan Z, Cao F, Liu W, Huang Z, Shi P. Clioquinol induces autophagy by down-regulation of calreticulin in human neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110268. [PMID: 36396104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clioquinol (CQ) is considered as a promising drug of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Our previous study has proved that CQ induces S-phase cell cycle arrest through the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) with high levels of SERCA2. Furthermore, it could induce autophagy in an intracellular calcium independent manner in human neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells. In this study, the involvement of calreticulin (CRT) in autophagy induced by CQ was investigated. Our results illustrated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by CQ and DTT led to the cell death in different manners. DTT, an ER stress positive control, induced UPR accompanied with up-regulation of CRT and apoptosis, while CQ inhibited UPR accompanied with down-regulation of CRT,resulting in autophagy. Then, overexpression of CRT was shown to cause UPR and decrease [Ca2+]i, leading to cell apoptosis and inhibition of S-phase arrest induced by CQ. While the UPR was alleviated and autophagy was further enhanced in CRT deficient cells by using targeted siRNA. Meanwhile, down-regulation of CRT resulted in [Ca2+]i overload and induction of S-phase arrest. Finally, we found that the effect of CQ on the HT22 cells was similar to that on the SH-SY5Y cells. Our data showed for the first time that CQ decreased expression of CRT, leading to autophagy, an increase of [Ca2+]i, and cell S-phase arrest in the neurotypic cells. The present study describes the cellular signal pathways regulating autophagy by CQ and highlights the potential therapeutic application of CQ in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zheyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fangqi Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhongshan North No 1 Road, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai Research Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhongshan North No 1 Road, Shanghai, 200083, China.
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Key Lab of Science & Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu N, Cao Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, He H, Tang R, Wan L, Wang C, Xiong X, Zhong L, Li P. Low-intensity focused ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction reduces tumor blood supply and sensitizes anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1173381. [PMID: 37139047 PMCID: PMC10150078 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1173381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) typified by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies as a revolutionary treatment for solid malignancies has been limited to a subset of patients due to poor immunogenicity and inadequate T cell infiltration. Unfortunately, no effective strategies combined with ICB therapy are available to overcome low therapeutic efficiency and severe side effects. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is an effective and safe technique holding the promise to decrease tumor blood perfusion and activate anti-tumor immune response based on the cavitation effect. Herein, we demonstrated a novel combinatorial therapeutic modality combining low-intensity focused ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (LIFU-TMD) with PD-L1 blockade. LIFU-TMD caused the rupture of abnormal blood vessels to deplete tumor blood perfusion and induced the tumor microenvironment (TME) transformation to sensitize anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, which markedly inhibited 4T1 breast cancer's growth in mice. We discovered immunogenic cell death (ICD) in a portion of cells induced by the cavitation effect from LIFU-TMD, characterized by the increased expression of calreticulin (CRT) on the tumor cell surface. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed substantially higher levels of dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ T cells in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissue, as induced by pro-inflammatory molecules like IL-12 and TNF-α. These suggest that LIFU-TMD as a simple, effective, and safe treatment option provides a clinically translatable strategy for enhancing ICB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nianhong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu City, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongye He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xialin Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linhong Zhong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Institute of Ultrasound Imaging and Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Pan Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Q, Wu W, Jia K, Qi G, Sun XS, Li P. Design and characterization of PROTAC degraders specific to protein N-terminal methyltransferase 1. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114830. [PMID: 36228414 PMCID: PMC10520980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein N-terminal methylation catalyzed by N-terminal methyltransferase 1 (NTMT1) is an emerging methylation present in eukaryotes, playing important regulatory roles in various biological and cellular processes. Although dysregulation of NTMT1 has been linked to many diseases such as colorectal cancer, their molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive due to inaccessibility to an effective cellular probe. Here we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of the first-in-class NTMT1 degraders based on proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy. Through a brief structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of linker length, a cell permeable degrader 1 involving a von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase ligand was developed and demonstrated to reduce NTMT1 protein levels effectively and selectively in time- and dose-dependent manners in colorectal carcinoma cell lines HCT116 and HT29. Degrader 1 displayed DC50 = 7.53 μM and Dmax > 90% in HCT116 (cellular IC50 > 100 μM for its parent inhibitor DC541). While degrader 1 had marginal cytotoxicity, it displayed anti-proliferative activity in 2D and 3D culture environment, resulting from cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase in HCT116. Label-free global proteomic analysis revealed that degrader 1 induced overexpression of calreticulin (CALR), an immunogenic cell death (ICD) signal protein that is known to elicit antitumor immune response and clinically linked to a high survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer upon its upregulation. Collectively, degrader 1 offers the first selective cellular probe for NTMT1 exploration and a new drug discovery modality for NTMT1-related oncology and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kaimin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Guangyan Qi
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Xiuzhi Susan Sun
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA; Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Serrano Del Valle A, Beltrán-Visiedo M, de Poo-Rodríguez V, Jiménez-Alduán N, Azaceta G, Díez R, Martínez-Lázaro B, Izquierdo I, Palomera L, Naval J, Anel A, Marzo I. Ecto-calreticulin expression in multiple myeloma correlates with a failed anti-tumoral immune response and bad prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2141973. [PMID: 36338146 PMCID: PMC9629093 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2141973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been proposed to be a crucial process for antitumor immunosurveillance. ICD is characterized by the exposure and emission of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP), including calreticulin (CRT). A positive correlation between CRT exposure or total expression and improved anticancer immunosurveillance has been found in certain cancers, usually accompanied by favorable patient prognosis. In the present study, we sought to evaluate CRT levels in the plasma membrane of CD38+ bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) isolated from 71 patients with varying degrees of multiple myeloma (MM) disease and examine the possible relationship between basal CRT exposure and the bone marrow immune microenvironment, as well as its connection with different clinical markers. Data show that increased levels of cell surface-CRT were associated with more aggressive clinical features and with worse clinical prognosis in MM. High CRT expression in MM cells was associated with increased infiltration of NK cells, CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC), indicative of an active anti-tumoral immune response, but also with a significantly higher presence of immunosuppressive Treg cells and increased expression of PD-L1 in myeloma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Beltrán-Visiedo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victoria de Poo-Rodríguez
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nelia Jiménez-Alduán
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gemma Azaceta
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosana Díez
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Lázaro
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Izquierdo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,Hematology Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Palomera
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,HCU-Lozano Blesa-Hematology Research Group, IIS Aragón, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Naval
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,CONTACT Isabel Marzo Apoptosis, Immunity & Cancer Group, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akkulak A, Yalcin GD. The interaction of SIRT4 and Calreticulin during ER stress in glia cells. Gene X 2022; 814:146135. [PMID: 34973349 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress is the response that occurs after the dysfunction of ER and its structure. Activated UPR triggers a stress response using ER membrane proteins such as PERK, IRE-1, GRP78, ATF5 ve ATF6. Sirtuins are enzymes that carry out post-translational modifications such as deacetylation and ADP-ribosylation. In our previous study, we identified Calreticulin as a SIRT4-interacting protein via mass spectrometry. Calreticulin binds to misfolded proteins, prevents them from leaving ER, which results in the reduction of ER stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction between SIRT4 and Calreticulin during ER stress in glia cells (IHA-immortalized human astrocytes). To trigger ER stress in glia cells, we first optimized the dose and the duration of the Tunicamycin which is 2.5 μg/ml concentration for 16 h. SIRT4 gene was silenced with lentiviral particles using 4 MOI (Multiplicity of Infection). In SIRT4-silenced cells, when treated with 2.5 μg/ml Tunicamycin for 16 h, the increase in the expressions of ATF6, GRP78 and the ratio of spliced/unspliced XBP1 mRNA were reduced. This shows that silencing SIRT4 may decrease ER stress. SIRT4-Calreticulin interaction was shown both in control and ER-stress induced glia cells. Additionally, this interaction did not change with the ER stress. SIRT4 only ADP-ribosylates Calreticulin during ER stress. Normally, SIRT4 ADP-ribosylates and deactivates Calreticulin during ER stress condition. When SIRT4 is silenced, the ADP-ribosylation level of Calreticulin decreases resulting in the activation of Calreticulin and the reduction of ER stress. In summary, SIRT4 inhibitors may be investigated as protective agents or drug candidates in neurodegenerative diseases where ER stress mostly underlies as one of the molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Akkulak
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Gizem Donmez Yalcin
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Aydin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdullah TM, Whatmore J, Bremer E, Slibinskas R, Michalak M, Eggleton P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced release and binding of calreticulin from human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 71:1655-1669. [PMID: 34800147 PMCID: PMC9188521 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calreticulin (CRT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, but can appear surface bound on cancers cells, including ovarian cancers (OC). We investigated at what stage of cell viability, CRT appeared associated with surface of human OC cells. CRT on pre-apoptotic tumour cells is thought to initiate their eradication via a process termed immunogenic cell death (ICD). METHODS We treated OC cells with the chemotherapeutic-doxorubicin (DX) known to induce translocation of CRT to some tumour cell surfaces, with and without the ER stressor-thapsigargin (TG)-and/or an ER stress inhibitor-TUDCA. We monitored translocation/release of CRT in pre-apoptotic cells by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and ELISA. We investigated the difference in binding of FITC-CRT to pre-apoptotic, apoptotic and necrotic cells and the ability of extracellular CRT to generate immature dendritic cells from THP-1 monocytes. RESULTS Dx-treatment increased endogenously released CRT and extracellular FITC_CRT binding to human pre-apoptotic OC cells. DX and TG also promoted cell death in OC cells which also increased CRT release. These cellular responses were significantly inhibited by TUDCA, suggesting that ER stress is partially responsible for the changes in CRT cellular distribution. Extracellular CRT induces maturation of THP-1 towards a imDC phenotype, an important component of ICD. CONCLUSION Collectively, these cellular responses suggest that ER stress is partially responsible for the changes in CRT cellular distribution. ER-stress regulates in part the release and binding of CRT to human OC cells where it may play a role in ICD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trefa M Abdullah
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,College of Pharmacy, Department Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Sulaimani, Iraqi Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Jacqueline Whatmore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Department of Experimental Hematology, Section Immunohematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen (CRCG), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rimantas Slibinskas
- Department of Eukaryote Gene Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave. 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marek Michalak
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul Eggleton
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.,Revolo Biotherapeutics, New Orleans, LA, 70130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Camargo AC, Remoli B, Portela LM, Fioretto MN, Chuffa LG, Moreno CS, Justulin LA. Transcriptomic landscape of male and female reproductive cancers: Similar pathways and molecular signatures predicting response to endocrine therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111393. [PMID: 34245846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive cancers in both genders represent serious health problems, whose incidence has significantly risen over the past decades. Although considerable differences among reproductive cancers exist, we aimed to identify similar signaling pathways and key molecular oncomarkers shared among six human reproductive cancers that can advance the current knowledge of cancer biology to propose new strategies for more effective therapies. Using a computational analysis approach, here we uncover aberrant miRNAs-mRNAs networks shared in six reproductive tumor types, and identify common molecular mechanisms strictly associated with cancer promotion and aggressiveness. Based on the fact that estrogenic and androgenic signaling pathways were most active in prostate and breast cancers, we further demonstrated that both androgen and estrogen deprivation therapy are capable of regulating the expression of the same key molecular sensors associated with endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cell cycle in these cancers. Overall, our data reveal a potential mechanistic framework of cellular processes that are shared among reproductive cancers, and particularly, highlight the importance of hormonal deprivation in breast and prostate cancers and potentially new biomarkers of response to these therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cl Camargo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Remoli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mf Portela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus N Fioretto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ga Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Verma A, Arora A, Bhatt AN, Arya MB, Prasad AK, Parmar VS, Dwarakanath BS. Radiosensitization of calreticulin-overexpressing human glioma cell line by the polyphenolic acetate 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1326. [PMID: 34472223 PMCID: PMC9780425 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein generally overexpressed in cancer cells, is associated with radiation resistance. CRT shows higher transacetylase activity, as shown by us earlier, in the presence of the polyphenolic acetates (like 7, 8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin, DAMC) and modifies the activity of a number of proteins, thereby influencing cell signaling. AIM To investigate the relationship between CRT expression and radiation response in a human glioma cell line and to evaluate the radiomodifying effects of DAMC. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were carried out in an established human glioma cell line (BMG-1) and its isogenic clone overexpressing CRT (CROE, CRT-overexpressing cells) by analyzing clonogenic survival, cell proliferation, micronuclei analysis, and protein levels by Western blotting as parameters of responses. CRT overexpression conferred resistance against radiation-induced cell death in CROE cells (D37 = 7.35 Gy, D10 = 12.6 Gy and D0 = 7.25 Gy) as compared to BMG-1 cells (D37 = 5.70 Gy, D10 = 9.2 Gy and D0 = 5.6 Gy). A lower level of radiation-induced micronuclei formation observed in CROE cells suggested that reduced induction and/or enhanced DNA repair partly contributed to the enhanced radioresistance. Consistent with this suggestion, we noted that CRT-mediated radioresistance was coupled with enhanced grp78 level and reduced P53 activation-mediated prodeath signaling, while no changes were noted in acetylation of histone H4. DAMC-enhanced radiation-induced delayed (secondary) apoptosis, which was higher in CROE cells. CONCLUSION CRT overexpression confers resistance against radiation-induced death of human glioma cells, which can be overcome by the polyphenolic acetate DAMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia,Present address:
PACT & Health LLC, BranfordConnecticut, 06405‐2546USA
| | - Aastha Arora
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia
| | - Anant N Bhatt
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia
| | | | - Ashok K Prasad
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia
| | - Virinder S Parmar
- Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia,Department of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceMedgar Evers College, The City University of New YorkBrooklynNew York
| | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Majumdar MargDelhiIndia,Central Research FacilitySri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennaiIndia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Impact of Calreticulin and Its Mutants on Endoplasmic Reticulum Function in Health and Disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34050866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs key cellular functions including protein synthesis, lipid metabolism and signaling. While these functions are spatially isolated in structurally distinct regions of the ER, there is cross-talk between the pathways. One vital player that is involved in ER function is the ER-resident protein calreticulin (CALR). It is a calcium ion-dependent lectin chaperone that primarily assists in glycoprotein synthesis in the ER as part of the protein quality control machinery. CALR also buffers calcium ion release and mediates other glycan-independent protein interactions. Mutations in CALR have been reported in a subset of chronic blood tumors called myeloproliferative neoplasms. The mutations consist of insertions or deletions in the CALR gene that all cause a + 1 bp shift in the reading frame and lead to a dramatic alteration of the amino acid sequence of the C-terminal domain of CALR. This alters CALR function and affects cell homeostasis. This chapter will discuss how CALR and mutant CALR affect ER health and disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Role and mechanism of chaperones calreticulin and ERP57 in restoring trafficking to mutant HERG‑A561V protein. Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:159. [PMID: 34212985 PMCID: PMC8262656 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome type 2 is caused by a mutation in the human‑ether‑a‑go‑go‑related gene (HERG) gene encoding the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K‑current. HERG is a key cell membrane glycoprotein; however, whether the maturation process of HERG protein involves key molecules derived from the calnexin (CNX)/calreticulin (CRT) cycle and how these molecules work remains unknown. Using western blotting, the present study screened the key molecules CNX/CRT/endoplasmic reticulum protein 57 (ERP57) involved in this cycle, and it was revealed that the protein expression levels of CNX/CRT/ERP57 in wild‑type (WT)/A561V cells were increased compared with those in WT cells (n=3; P<0.05). Additionally, a co‑immunoprecipitation experiment was used to reveal that the ability of CNX/ERP57/CRT to interact with HERG was significantly increased in A561V and WT/A561V cells (n=3; P<0.05). A plasmid lacking the bb' domain of ERP57 was constructed and it was demonstrated that the key site of ERP57 binding to CRT and immature HERG protein is the bb' domain. The whole‑cell patch‑clamp technique detected that the tail current density increased by 46% following overexpression of CRT and by 53% following overexpression of ERP57 in WT/A561V cells. Overexpression of CRT and ERP57 could increased HERG protein levels on the membrane detected by confocal imaging. Furthermore, overexpression of ERP57 and CRT proteins could restore the HERG‑A561V mutant protein trafficking process and rescue the dominant‑negative suppression of WT. Overall, ERP57/CRT served a crucial role in the HERG‑A561V mutant protein trafficking deficiency and degradation process.
Collapse
|
18
|
Dardis C, Donner D, Sanai N, Xiu J, Mittal S, Michelhaugh SK, Pandey M, Kesari S, Heimberger AB, Gatalica Z, Korn MW, Sumrall AL, Phuphanich S. Gliosarcoma vs. glioblastoma: a retrospective case series using molecular profiling. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 34162346 PMCID: PMC8220715 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliosarcoma (GS) refers to the presence of mesenchymal differentiation (as seen using light microscopy) in the setting of glioblastoma (GB, an astrocytoma, WHO Grade 4). Although the same approach to treatment is typically adopted for GS and GB, there remains some debate as to whether GS should be considered a discrete pathological entity. Differences between these tumors have not been clearly established at the molecular level. Methods Patients with GS (n=48) or GB (n=1229) underwent molecular profiling (MP) with a pan-cancer panel of tests as part of their clinical care. The methods employed included next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA and RNA, copy number variation (CNV) of DNA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The MP comprised 1153 tests in total, although results for each test were not available for every tumor profiled. We analyzed this data retrospectively in order to determine if our results were in keeping with what is known about the pathogenesis of GS by contrast with GB. We also sought novel associations between the MP and GS vs. GB which might improve our understanding of pathogenesis of GS. Results Potentially meaningful associations (p<0.1, Fisher’s exact test (FET)) were found for 14 of these tests in GS vs. GB. A novel finding was higher levels of proteins mediating immuno-evasion (PD-1, PD-L1) in GS. All of the differences we observed have been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in other tumor types. Many of the changes we saw in GS are novel in the setting of glial tumors, including copy number amplification in LYL1 and mutations in PTPN11. Conclusions GS shows certain characteristics of EMT, by contrast with GB. Treatments targeting immuno-evasion may be of greater therapeutic value in GS relative to GB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12883-021-02233-5).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dardis
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - David Donner
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sharon K Michelhaugh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Manjari Pandey
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Cancer Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Simpson Querry Biomedical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoran Gatalica
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael W Korn
- Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ashley L Sumrall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Surasak Phuphanich
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hernández ÁP, Juanes-Velasco P, Landeira-Viñuela A, Bareke H, Montalvillo E, Góngora R, Fuentes M. Restoring the Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Immunogenic Cell Death in Onco-Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2821. [PMID: 34198850 PMCID: PMC8201010 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) elicited by cancer therapy reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. A long-term adaptative immune response can be initiated by modulating cell death by therapeutic approaches. Here, the major hallmarks of ICD, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are correlated with ICD inducers used in clinical practice to enhance antitumoral activity by suppressing tumor immune evasion. Approaches to monitoring the ICD triggered by antitumoral therapeutics in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and novel perspective in this immune system strategy are also reviewed to give an overview of the relevance of ICD in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Halin Bareke
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enrique Montalvillo
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Rafael Góngora
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC CB16/12/00400, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (Á.-P.H.); (P.J.-V.); (A.L.-V.); (H.B.); (E.M.); (R.G.)
- Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kanduła Z, Lewandowski K. Calreticulin – a multifaced protein. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a highly conserved multi-function protein that primarily localizes within
the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It participates in various processes in the cells,
including glycoprotein chaperoning, regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, antigen processing and
presentation for adaptive immune response, cell adhesion/migration, cell proliferation, immunogenic
cell death, gene expression and RNA stability. The role of CALR in the assembly,
retrieval and cell surface expression of MHC class I molecules is well known. A fraction of
the total cellular CALR is localized in the cytosol, following its retro-translocation from the
ER. In the cell stress conditions, CALR is also expressed on the cell surface via an interaction
with phosphatidylserine localized on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. The abovementioned
mechanism is relevant for the recognition of the cells, as well as immunogenicity
and phagocytic uptake of proapoptotic and apoptotic cells.
Lastly, the presence of CALR exon 9 gene mutations was confirmed in patients with myeloproliferative
neoplasms. Their presence results in an abnormal CALR structure due to the
loss of its ER-retention sequence, CALR extra-ER localisation, the formation of a complex
with thrombopoietin receptor, and oncogenic transformation of hematopoietic stem cells. It
is also known that CALR exon 9 mutants are highly immunogenic and induce T cell response.
Despite this fact, CALR mutant positive hematopoietic cells emerge. The last phenomenon is
probably the result of the inhibition of phagocytosis of the cancer cells exposing CALR mutant
protein by dendritic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kanduła
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Calreticulin-Multifunctional Chaperone in Immunogenic Cell Death: Potential Significance as a Prognostic Biomarker in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cells 2021; 10:130. [PMID: 33440842 PMCID: PMC7827772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of death, which has the hallmarks of necroptosis and apoptosis, and is best characterized in malignant diseases. Chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy induce intracellular stress response pathways in tumor cells, leading to a secretion of various factors belonging to a family of damage-associated molecular patterns molecules, capable of inducing the adaptive immune response. One of them is calreticulin (CRT), an endoplasmic reticulum-associated chaperone. Its presence on the surface of dying tumor cells serves as an "eat me" signal for antigen presenting cells (APC). Engulfment of tumor cells by APCs results in the presentation of tumor's antigens to cytotoxic T-cells and production of cytokines/chemokines, which activate immune cells responsible for tumor cells killing. Thus, the development of ICD and the expression of CRT can help standard therapy to eradicate tumor cells. Here, we review the physiological functions of CRT and its involvement in the ICD appearance in malignant disease. Moreover, we also focus on the ability of various anti-cancer drugs to induce expression of surface CRT on ovarian cancer cells. The second aim of this work is to discuss and summarize the prognostic/predictive value of CRT in ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.S.-K.); (M.K.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lam STT, Lim CJ. Cancer Biology of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lectin Chaperones Calreticulin, Calnexin and PDIA3/ERp57. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:181-196. [PMID: 34050867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lectin chaperones calreticulin (CALR) and calnexin (CANX), together with their co-chaperone PDIA3, are increasingly implicated in studies of human cancers in roles that extend beyond their primary function as quality control facilitators of protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Led by the discovery that cell surface CALR functions as an immunogen that promotes anti-tumour immunity, studies have now expanded to include their potential uses as prognostic markers for cancers, and in regulation of oncogenic signaling that regulate such diverse processes including integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration, proliferation, cell death and chemotherapeutic resistance. The diversity stems from the increasing recognition that these proteins have an equally diverse spectrum of subcellular and extracellular localization, and which are aberrantly expressed in tumour cells. This review describes key foundational discoveries and highlight recent findings that further our understanding of the plethora of activities mediated by CALR, CANX and PDIA3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shing Tat Theodore Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shukla SK, Sharma AK, Bajaj S, Yashavarddhan MH. Radiation proteome: a clue to protection, carcinogenesis, and drug development. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:525-531. [PMID: 33137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Anti-leukemia effect associated with down-regulated CD47 and up-regulated calreticulin by stimulated macrophages in co-culture. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:787-801. [PMID: 32995942 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD47 is over-expressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and functions as an inhibitory signal, suppressing phagocytosis by binding to signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on the surface of macrophages. Inhibition of CD47 restores the immune surveillance of AML cells. However, the inhibition of CD47 in AML by activated macrophages and the subsequent effects on different immune response parameters are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the use of a distinct co-culture method to inhibit CD47 and therefore eliminate AML cells by macrophages in vitro. Human chemically induced THP-1 macrophages were activated using different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and co-culturing with three AML cancer cell lines (HL-60, NB4, and THP-1), respectively, as well as normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). CD47 inhibition was observed in and selective to AML but not observed in normal PBMC. Additionally, calreticulin (CRT) levels were elevated in the same cell lines simultaneously, after co-culturing with activated human macrophages, but not elevated in normal cells. We also show that the activated macrophages secreted high levels of cytokines, including IL-12p70, IL-6, and TNF-α, consistent with the elimination of AML by macrophages. Our study reveals the potential of this model for screening new drugs against AML and the possibility of using human macrophages in AML treatment in the future.
Collapse
|
25
|
ER Stress-Induced Secretion of Proteins and Their Extracellular Functions in the Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092066. [PMID: 32927693 PMCID: PMC7563782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca2+-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”
Collapse
|
26
|
Molecular Chaperones in Cancer Stem Cells: Determinants of Stemness and Potential Targets for Antitumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040892. [PMID: 32268506 PMCID: PMC7226806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a great challenge in the fight against cancer because these self-renewing tumorigenic cell fractions are thought to be responsible for metastasis dissemination and cases of tumor recurrence. In comparison with non-stem cancer cells, CSCs are known to be more resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Elucidation of mechanisms and factors that promote the emergence and existence of CSCs and their high resistance to cytotoxic treatments would help to develop effective CSC-targeting therapeutics. The present review is dedicated to the implication of molecular chaperones (protein regulators of polypeptide chain folding) in both the formation/maintenance of the CSC phenotype and cytoprotective machinery allowing CSCs to survive after drug or radiation exposure and evade immune attack. The major cellular chaperones, namely heat shock proteins (HSP90, HSP70, HSP40, HSP27), glucose-regulated proteins (GRP94, GRP78, GRP75), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1), peptidyl-prolyl isomerases, protein disulfide isomerases, calreticulin, and also a transcription heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) initiating HSP gene expression are here considered as determinants of the cancer cell stemness and potential targets for a therapeutic attack on CSCs. Various approaches and agents are discussed that may be used for inhibiting the chaperone-dependent development/manifestations of cancer cell stemness.
Collapse
|