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Holzner M, Wutz A, Di Minin G. Applying Spinal Cord Organoids as a quantitative approach to study the mammalian Hedgehog pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301670. [PMID: 38917070 PMCID: PMC11198841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is crucial for embryonic development, and adult homeostasis. Its dysregulation is implicated in multiple diseases. Existing cellular models used to study HH signal regulation in mammals do not fully recapitulate the complexity of the pathway. Here we show that Spinal Cord Organoids (SCOs) can be applied to quantitively study the activity of the HH pathway. During SCO formation, the specification of different categories of neural progenitors (NPC) depends on the intensity of the HH signal, mirroring the process that occurs during neural tube development. By assessing the number of NPCs within these distinct subgroups, we are able to categorize and quantify the activation level of the HH pathway. We validate this system by measuring the effects of mutating the HH receptor PTCH1 and the impact of HH agonists and antagonists on NPC specification. SCOs represent an accessible and reliable in-vitro tool to quantify HH signaling and investigate the contribution of genetic and chemical cues in the HH pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Holzner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Di Minin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Wang S, Chakraborty S, Fu Y, Lee MP, Liu J, Waldhaus J. 3D reconstruction of the mouse cochlea from scRNA-seq data suggests morphogen-based principles in apex-to-base specification. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1538-1552.e6. [PMID: 38593801 PMCID: PMC11187690 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In the mammalian auditory system, frequency discrimination depends on numerous morphological and physiological properties of the organ of Corti, which gradually change along the apex-to-base (tonotopic) axis of the organ. For example, the basilar membrane stiffness changes tonotopically, thus affecting the tuning properties of individual hair cells. At the molecular level, those frequency-specific characteristics are mirrored by gene expression gradients; however, the molecular mechanisms controlling tonotopic gene expression in the mouse cochlea remain elusive. Through analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from E12.5 and E14.5 time points, we predicted that morphogens, rather than a cell division-associated mechanism, confer spatial identity in the extending cochlea. Subsequently, we reconstructed the developing cochlea in 3D space from scRNA-seq data to investigate the molecular pathways mediating positional information. The retinoic acid (RA) and hedgehog pathways were found to form opposing apex-to-base gradients, and functional interrogation using mouse cochlear explants suggested that both pathways jointly specify the longitudinal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuze Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yujuan Fu
- Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary P Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Waldhaus
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Sun C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Chen J, Zhang J, Gu Y. TMED2 promotes glioma tumorigenesis by being involved in EGFR recycling transport. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130055. [PMID: 38354922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is the core signaling commonly activated in glioma. The transmembrane emp24 protein transport domain protein 2 (TMED2) interacts with cargo proteins involved in protein sorting and transport between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. In this study, we found the correlation between TMED2 with glioma progression and EGFR signaling through database analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that TMED2 is essential for glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion at the cellular levels, as well as tumor formation in mouse models, underscoring its significance in the pathobiology of gliomas. Mechanistically, TMED2 was found to enhance EGFR-AKT signaling by facilitating EGFR recycling, thereby providing the initial evidence of TMED2's involvement in the membrane protein recycling process. In summary, our findings shed light on the roles and underlying mechanisms of TMED2 in the regulation of glioma tumorigenesis and EGFR signaling, suggesting that targeting TMED2 could emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy for gliomas and other tumors associated with aberrant EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuchao Gu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266200, China.
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Ferrero I, Piccinini F, Marrazzo P, Monti M, Pipino C, Banche Niclot ASG, Proto CF, Ragni E, Hass R, Stella GM, Berni P, Ivanovska A, Mareschi K. State of the Art and New Trends from the Second International StemNet Meeting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2221. [PMID: 38396899 PMCID: PMC10889812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Second International StemNet (Federation of Stem Cell Research Associations) meeting took place on 18-20 October 2023 in Brescia (Italy), with the support of the University of Brescia and the Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna. The program of the meeting was articulated in nine sections: (1) Biomedical Communication in Italy: Critical Aspects; (2) StemNet Next Generation Session; (3) Cell-Free Therapies; (4) Tips and Tricks of Research Valorisation; (5) Stem Cells and Cancer; (6) Stem Cells in Veterinary Applications; (7) Stem Cells in Clinical Applications; (8) Organoids and 3D Systems; (9) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPCS) and Gene Therapy. National and International speakers presented their scientific works, inspiring debates and discussions among the attendees. The participation in the meeting was high, especially because of the young researchers who animated all the sessions and the rich poster session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ferrero
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Childrens’ Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) ‘‘Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Manuela Monti
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) ‘‘Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (F.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Caterina Pipino
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | | | - Camilla Francesca Proto
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Childrens’ Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Enrico Ragni
- Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all’Ortopedia, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumour Biology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27000 Pavia, Italy;
- Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Priscilla Berni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Ana Ivanovska
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Laboratory, Paediatric Onco-Haematology Division, Regina Margherita Childrens’ Hospital, City of Health and Science of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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Bare Y, Matusek T, Vriz S, Deffieu MS, Thérond PP, Gaudin R. TMED10 mediates the loading of neosynthesised Sonic Hedgehog in COPII vesicles for efficient secretion and signalling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:266. [PMID: 37624561 PMCID: PMC11072717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The morphogen Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) plays an important role in coordinating embryonic development. Short- and long-range SHH signalling occurs through a variety of membrane-associated and membrane-free forms. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the early events of the trafficking of neosynthesised SHH in mammalian cells are still poorly understood. Here, we employed the retention using selective hooks (RUSH) system to show that newly-synthesised SHH is trafficked through the classical biosynthetic secretory pathway, using TMED10 as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cargo receptor for efficient ER-to-Golgi transport and Rab6 vesicles for Golgi-to-cell surface trafficking. TMED10 and SHH colocalized at ER exit sites (ERES), and TMED10 depletion significantly delays SHH loading onto ERES and subsequent exit leading to significant SHH release defects. Finally, we utilised the Drosophila wing imaginal disc model to demonstrate that the homologue of TMED10, Baiser (Bai), participates in Hedgehog (Hh) secretion and signalling in vivo. In conclusion, our work highlights the role of TMED10 in cargo-specific egress from the ER and sheds light on novel important partners of neosynthesised SHH secretion with potential impact on embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonis Bare
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamás Matusek
- Université Côte d'Azur, UMR7277 CNRS, Inserm 1091, Institut de Biologie de Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
- Faculty of Science, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maika S Deffieu
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal P Thérond
- Université Côte d'Azur, UMR7277 CNRS, Inserm 1091, Institut de Biologie de Valrose (iBV), Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM) CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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GLI1, a novel target of the ER stress regulator p97/VCP, promotes ATF6f-mediated activation of XBP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194924. [PMID: 36842643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Upon accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is triggered to restore ER homeostasis. The induction of stress genes is a sine qua non condition for effective adaptive UPR. Although this requirement has been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying this process remain in part uncharacterized. Here, we show that p97/VCP, an AAA+ ATPase known to contribute to ER stress-induced gene expression, regulates the transcription factor GLI1, a primary effector of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Under basal (non-ER stress) conditions, GLI1 is repressed by a p97/VCP-HDAC1 complex while upon ER stress GLI1 is induced through a mechanism requiring both USF2 binding and increase histone acetylation at its promoter. Interestingly, the induction of GLI1 was independent of ligand-regulated Hh signaling. Further analysis showed that GLI1 cooperates with ATF6f to induce promoter activity and expression of XBP1, a key transcription factor driving UPR. Overall, our work demonstrates a novel role for GLI1 in the regulation of ER stress gene expression and defines the interplay between p97/VCP, HDAC1 and USF2 as essential players in this process.
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Roberts BS, Satpute-Krishnan P. The many hats of transmembrane emp24 domain protein TMED9 in secretory pathway homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1096899. [PMID: 36733337 PMCID: PMC9888432 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1096899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretory pathway is an intracellular highway for the vesicular transport of newly synthesized proteins that spans the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, lysosomes and the cell surface. A variety of cargo receptors, chaperones, and quality control proteins maintain the smooth flow of cargo along this route. Among these is vesicular transport protein TMED9, which belongs to the p24/transmembrane emp24 domain (TMED) family of proteins, and is expressed across vertebrate species. The TMED family is comprised of structurally-related type I transmembrane proteins with a luminal N-terminal Golgi-dynamics domain, a luminal coiled-coil domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytosolic C-terminal tail that binds COPI and COPII coat proteins. TMED9, like other members of the TMED family, was first identified as an abundant constituent of the COPI and COPII coated vesicles that mediate traffic between the ER and the Golgi. TMED9 is typically purified in hetero-oligomers together with TMED family members, suggesting that it may function as part of a complex. Recently, TMED family members have been discovered to play various roles in secretory pathway homeostasis including secreted protein processing, quality control and degradation of misfolded proteins, and post-Golgi trafficking. In particular, TMED9 has been implicated in autophagy, lysosomal sorting, viral replication and cancer, which we will discuss in this Mini-Review.
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