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Song T, Duan X. Ocular dominance in cataract surgery: research status and progress. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:33-41. [PMID: 37644327 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular dominance (OD), a commonly used concept in clinical practice, plays an important role in optometry and refractive surgery. With the development of refractive cataract surgery, the refractive function of the intraocular lens determines the achievement of the postoperative full range of vision based on the retinal defocus blur suppression and binocular monovision principle. Therefore, OD plays an important role in cataract surgery. OD is related to the visual formation of the cerebral cortex, and its plasticity suggests that visual experience can influence the visual system. Cataract surgery changes the visual experience and transforms the dominant eye, which confirms the plasticity of the visual system. Based on the concept and mechanism of OD, this review summarizes the application of OD in cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Tianxin District, 188 Furong South Road, Changsha, 410009, China
| | - Xuanchu Duan
- Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Tianxin District, 188 Furong South Road, Changsha, 410009, China.
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Chen C, Ma X, Wei J, Shakir N, Zhang JK, Zhang L, Nehme A, Cui Y, Ferguson D, Bai F, Qiu S. Early impairment of cortical circuit plasticity and connectivity in the 5XFAD Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:371. [PMID: 36075886 PMCID: PMC9458752 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are expressed throughout the life span. How these risk factors affect early brain development and function remain largely unclear. Analysis of animal models with high constructive validity for AD, such as the 5xFAD mouse model, may provide insights on potential early neurodevelopmental effects that impinge on adult brain function and age-dependent degeneration. The 5XFAD mouse model over-expresses human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) harboring five familial AD mutations. It is unclear how the expression of these mutant proteins affects early developing brain circuits. We found that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) layer 5 (L5) neurons in 5XFAD mice exhibit transgenic APP overloading at an early post-weaning age. Impaired synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation, LTP) was seen at 6-8 weeks age in L5 PFC circuit, which was correlated with increased intracellular APP. APP overloading was also seen in L5 pyramidal neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) during the critical period of plasticity (4-5 weeks age). Whole-cell patch clamp recording in V1 brain slices revealed reduced intrinsic excitability of L5 neurons in 5XFAD mice, along with decreased spontaneous miniature excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Functional circuit mapping using laser scanning photostimulation (LSPS) combined with glutamate uncaging uncovered reduced excitatory synaptic connectivity onto L5 neurons in V1, and a more pronounced reduction in inhibitory connectivity, indicative of altered excitation and inhibition during VC critical period. Lastly, in vivo single-unit recording in V1 confirmed that monocular visual deprivation-induced ocular dominance plasticity during critical period was impaired in 5XFAD mice. Our study reveals plasticity deficits across multiple cortical regions and indicates altered early cortical circuit developmental trajectory as a result of mutant APP/PS1 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008 China ,grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Jing Wei
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Neha Shakir
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Jessica K. Zhang
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Le Zhang
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Antoine Nehme
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Yuehua Cui
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- grid.134563.60000 0001 2168 186XBasic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Yang S, Wang J, Hao X, Li H, Wei X, Deng B, Loparo KA. BiCoSS: Toward Large-Scale Cognition Brain With Multigranular Neuromorphic Architecture. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2022; 33:2801-2815. [PMID: 33428574 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2020.3045492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The further exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying the biological activities of the human brain depends on the development of large-scale spiking neural networks (SNNs) with different categories at different levels, as well as the corresponding computing platforms. Neuromorphic engineering provides approaches to high-performance biologically plausible computational paradigms inspired by neural systems. In this article, we present a biological-inspired cognitive supercomputing system (BiCoSS) that integrates multiple granules (GRs) of SNNs to realize a hybrid compatible neuromorphic platform. A scalable hierarchical heterogeneous multicore architecture is presented, and a synergistic routing scheme for hybrid neural information is proposed. The BiCoSS system can accommodate different levels of GRs and biological plausibility of SNN models in an efficient and scalable manner. Over four million neurons can be realized on BiCoSS with a power efficiency of 2.8k larger than the GPU platform, and the average latency of BiCoSS is 3.62 and 2.49 times higher than conventional architectures of digital neuromorphic systems. For the verification, BiCoSS is used to replicate various biological cognitive activities, including motor learning, action selection, context-dependent learning, and movement disorders. Comprehensively considering the programmability, biological plausibility, learning capability, computational power, and scalability, BiCoSS is shown to outperform the alternative state-of-the-art works for large-scale SNN, while its real-time computational capability enables a wide range of potential applications.
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Aghili Yajadda MM, Robinson PA, Henderson JA. Generalized neural field theory of cortical plasticity illustrated by an application to the linear phase of ocular dominance column formation in primary visual cortex. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2022; 116:33-52. [PMID: 34773503 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-021-00901-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based neural field theory (NFT) is extended to encompass cortical plasticity dynamics. An illustrative application is provided which treats the evolution of the connectivity of left- and right-eye visual stimuli to neuronal populations in the primary visual cortex (V1), and the initial, linear phase of formation of approximately one-dimensional (1D) ocular dominance columns (ODCs) that sets their transverse spatial scale. This links V1 activity, structure, and physiology within a single theory that already accounts for a range of other brain activity and connectivity phenomena, thereby enabling ODC formation and many other phenomena to be interrelated and cortical parameters to be constrained across multiple domains. The results accord with experimental ODC widths for realistic cortical parameters and are based directly on a unified description of the neuronal populations involved, their connection strengths, and the neuronal activity they support. Other key results include simple analytic approximations for ODC widths and the parameters of maximum growth rate, constraints on cortical excitatory and inhibitory gains, elucidation of the roles of specific poles of the V1 response function, and the fact that ODCs are not formed when input stimuli are fully correlated between eyes. This work provides a basis for further generalization of NFT to model other plasticity phenomena, thereby linking them to the range multiscale phenomena accounted for by NFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Aghili Yajadda
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - P A Robinson
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - J A Henderson
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Akil AE, Rosenbaum R, Josić K. Balanced networks under spike-time dependent plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008958. [PMID: 33979336 PMCID: PMC8143429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of local cortical networks are irregular, but correlated. Dynamic excitatory–inhibitory balance is a plausible mechanism that generates such irregular activity, but it remains unclear how balance is achieved and maintained in plastic neural networks. In particular, it is not fully understood how plasticity induced changes in the network affect balance, and in turn, how correlated, balanced activity impacts learning. How do the dynamics of balanced networks change under different plasticity rules? How does correlated spiking activity in recurrent networks change the evolution of weights, their eventual magnitude, and structure across the network? To address these questions, we develop a theory of spike–timing dependent plasticity in balanced networks. We show that balance can be attained and maintained under plasticity–induced weight changes. We find that correlations in the input mildly affect the evolution of synaptic weights. Under certain plasticity rules, we find an emergence of correlations between firing rates and synaptic weights. Under these rules, synaptic weights converge to a stable manifold in weight space with their final configuration dependent on the initial state of the network. Lastly, we show that our framework can also describe the dynamics of plastic balanced networks when subsets of neurons receive targeted optogenetic input. Animals are able to learn complex tasks through changes in individual synapses between cells. Such changes lead to the coevolution of neural activity patterns and the structure of neural connectivity, but the consequences of these interactions are not fully understood. We consider plasticity in model neural networks which achieve an average balance between the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to different cells, and display cortical–like, irregular activity. We extend the theory of balanced networks to account for synaptic plasticity and show which rules can maintain balance, and which will drive the network into a different state. This theory of plasticity can provide insights into the relationship between stimuli, network dynamics, and synaptic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Eric Akil
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert Rosenbaum
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Krešimir Josić
- Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Non-visual Opsins and Novel Photo-Detectors in the Vertebrate Inner Retina Mediate Light Responses Within the Blue Spectrum Region. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:59-83. [PMID: 33231827 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, a number of novel non-visual opsin photopigments belonging to the family of G protein- coupled receptors, likely involved in a number of non-image-forming processes, have been identified and characterized in cells of the inner retina of vertebrates. It is now known that the vertebrate retina is composed of visual photoreceptor cones and rods responsible for diurnal/color and nocturnal/black and white vision, and cells like the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and photosensitive horizontal cells in the inner retina, both detecting blue light and expressing the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4). Remarkably, these non-visual photopigments can continue to operate even in the absence of vision under retinal degeneration. Moreover, inner retinal neurons and Müller glial cells have been shown to express other photopigments such as the photoisomerase retinal G protein-coupled receptor (RGR), encephalopsin (Opn3), and neuropsin (Opn5), all able to detect blue/violet light and implicated in chromophore recycling, retinal clock synchronization, neuron-to-glia communication, and other activities. The discovery of these new photopigments in the inner retina of vertebrates is strong evidence of novel light-regulated activities. This review focuses on the features, localization, photocascade, and putative functions of these novel non-visual opsins in an attempt to shed light on their role in the inner retina of vertebrates and in the physiology of the whole organism.
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Steinwurzel C, Animali S, Cicchini GM, Morrone MC, Binda P. Using psychophysical performance to predict short-term ocular dominance plasticity in human adults. J Vis 2020; 20:6. [PMID: 32634225 PMCID: PMC7424141 DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.7.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Binocular rivalry has become an important index of visual performance, both to measure ocular dominance or its plasticity, and to index bistable perception. We investigated its interindividual variability across 50 normal adults and found that the duration of dominance phases in rivalry is linked with the duration of dominance phases in another bistable phenomenon (structure from motion). Surprisingly, it also correlates with the strength of center-surround interactions (indexed by the tilt illusion), suggesting a common mechanism supporting both competitive interactions: center-surround and rivalry. In a subset of 34 participants, we further investigated the variability of short-term ocular dominance plasticity, measured with binocular rivalry before and after 2 hours of monocular deprivation. We found that ocular dominance shifts in favor of the deprived eye and that a large portion of ocular dominance variability after deprivation can be predicted from the dynamics of binocular rivalry before deprivation. The single best predictor is the proportion of mixed percepts (phases without dominance of either eye) before deprivation, which is positively related to ocular dominance unbalance after deprivation. Another predictor is the duration of dominance phases, which interacts with mixed percepts to explain nearly 50% of variance in ocular dominance unbalance after deprivation. A similar predictive power is achieved by substituting binocular rivalry dominance phase durations with tilt illusion magnitude, or structure from motion phase durations. Thus, we speculate that ocular dominance plasticity is modulated by two types of signals, estimated from psychophysical performance before deprivation, namely, interocular inhibition (promoting binocular fusion, hence mixed percepts) and inhibition for perceptual competition (promoting longer dominance phases and stronger center-surround interactions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Steinwurzel
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Animali
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Maria Concetta Morrone
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella-Maris, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Binda
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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