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Stevenson AW, Cadby G, Wallace HJ, Melton PE, Martin LJ, Wood FM, Fear MW. Genetic influence on scar vascularity after burn injury in individuals of European ancestry: A prospective cohort study. Burns 2024; 50:1871-1884. [PMID: 38902133 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
After burn injury there is considerable variation in scar outcome, partially due to genetic factors. Scar vascularity is one characteristic that varies between individuals, and this study aimed to identify genetic variants contributing to different scar vascularity outcomes. An exome-wide array association study and gene pathway analysis was performed on a prospective cohort of 665 patients of European ancestry treated for burn injury, using their scar vascularity (SV) sub-score, part of the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), as an outcome measure. DNA was genotyped using the Infinium HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip, imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Associations between genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and SV were estimated using an additive genetic model adjusting for sex, age, % total body surface area and number of surgical procedures, utilising linear and multinomial logistic regression. No individual genetic variants achieved the cut-off threshold for significance. Gene sets were also analysed using the Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) platform, in which biological processes indirectly related to angiogenesis were significantly represented. This study suggests that SNPs in genes associated with angiogenesis may influence SV, but further studies with larger datasets are essential to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hilary J Wallace
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Steinhauser S, Estoppey D, Buehler DP, Xiong Y, Pizzato N, Rietsch A, Wu F, Leroy N, Wunderlin T, Claerr I, Tropberger P, Müller M, Davison LM, Sheng Q, Bergling S, Wild S, Moulin P, Liang J, English WJ, Williams B, Knehr J, Altorfer M, Reyes A, Mickanin C, Hoepfner D, Nigsch F, Frederiksen M, Flynn CR, Fodor BD, Brown JD, Kolter C. The transcription factor ZNF469 regulates collagen production in liver fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591188. [PMID: 38712281 PMCID: PMC11071482 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - characterized by excess accumulation of fat in the liver - now affects one third of the world's population. As NAFLD progresses, extracellular matrix components including collagen accumulate in the liver causing tissue fibrosis, a major determinant of disease severity and mortality. To identify transcriptional regulators of fibrosis, we computationally inferred the activity of transcription factors (TFs) relevant to fibrosis by profiling the matched transcriptomes and epigenomes of 108 human liver biopsies from a deeply-characterized cohort of patients spanning the full histopathologic spectrum of NAFLD. CRISPR-based genetic knockout of the top 100 TFs identified ZNF469 as a regulator of collagen expression in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Gain- and loss-of-function studies established that ZNF469 regulates collagen genes and genes involved in matrix homeostasis through direct binding to gene bodies and regulatory elements. By integrating multiomic large-scale profiling of human biopsies with extensive experimental validation we demonstrate that ZNF469 is a transcriptional regulator of collagen in HSCs. Overall, these data nominate ZNF469 as a previously unrecognized determinant of NAFLD-associated liver fibrosis.
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Zhao F, Guo X, Li X, Liu F, Fu Y, Sun X, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Qin Z. Identification and Expressional Analysis of Putative PRDI-BF1 and RIZ Homology Domain-Containing Transcription Factors in Mulinia lateralis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1059. [PMID: 37626944 PMCID: PMC10451705 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mollusca represents one of the ancient bilaterian groups with high morphological diversity, while the formation mechanisms of the precursors of all germ cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs), have not yet been clarified in mollusks. PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain-containing proteins (PRDMs) are a group of transcriptional repressors, and PRDM1 (also known as BLIMP1) and PRDM14 have been reported to be essential for the formation of PGCs. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide retrieval in Mulinia lateralis and identified 11 putative PRDMs, all of which possessed an N-terminal PR domain. Expressional profiles revealed that all these prdm genes showed specifically high expression levels in the given stages, implying that all PRDMs played important roles during early development stages. Specifically, Ml-prdm1 was highly expressed at the gastrula stage, the key period when PGCs arise, and was specifically localized in the cytoplasm of two or three cells of blastula, gastrula, or trochophore larvae, matching the typical characteristics of PGCs. These results suggested that Ml-prdm1-positive cells may be PGCs and that Ml-prdm1 could be a candidate marker for tracing the formation of PGCs in M. lateralis. In addition, the expression profiles of Ml-prdm14 hinted that it may not be associated with PGCs of M. lateralis. The present study provides insights into the evolution of the PRDM family in mollusks and offers a better understanding of the formation of PGCs in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xixi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yifan Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zujing Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (F.Z.); (X.G.); (X.L.); (F.L.); (Y.F.); (X.S.); (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.)
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Couto JP, Vulin M, Jehanno C, Coissieux M, Hamelin B, Schmidt A, Ivanek R, Sethi A, Bräutigam K, Frei AL, Hager C, Manivannan M, Gómez‐Miragaya J, Obradović MMS, Varga Z, Koelzer VH, Mertz KD, Bentires‐Alj M. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase sustains a core epigenetic program that promotes metastatic colonization in breast cancer. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112559. [PMID: 37259596 PMCID: PMC10308372 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colonization of distant organs accounts for over 90% of deaths related to solid cancers, yet the molecular determinants of metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we unveil a mechanism of colonization in the aggressive basal-like subtype of breast cancer that is driven by the NAD+ metabolic enzyme nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT). We demonstrate that NNMT imprints a basal genetic program into cancer cells, enhancing their plasticity. In line, NNMT expression is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Accordingly, ablation of NNMT dramatically suppresses metastasis formation in pre-clinical mouse models. Mechanistically, NNMT depletion results in a methyl overflow that increases histone H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and DNA methylation at the promoters of PR/SET Domain-5 (PRDM5) and extracellular matrix-related genes. PRDM5 emerged in this study as a pro-metastatic gene acting via induction of cancer-cell intrinsic transcription of collagens. Depletion of PRDM5 in tumor cells decreases COL1A1 deposition and impairs metastatic colonization of the lungs. These findings reveal a critical activity of the NNMT-PRDM5-COL1A1 axis for cancer cell plasticity and metastasis in basal-like breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pinto Couto
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Milica Vulin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Charly Jehanno
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marie‐May Coissieux
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Baptiste Hamelin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, BiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Atul Sethi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Konstantin Bräutigam
- Computational and Translational Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
- Institute of PathologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Anja L Frei
- Computational and Translational Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Carolina Hager
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Madhuri Manivannan
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jorge Gómez‐Miragaya
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Milan MS Obradović
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Computational and Translational Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Viktor H Koelzer
- Computational and Translational Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of PathologyCantonal Hospital BasellandLiestalSwitzerland
| | - Mohamed Bentires‐Alj
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital BaselUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
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Overexpressed Thrombospondin 2 Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Valve Interstitial Cells via Inhibition of Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Promote Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Development. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2022958. [PMID: 36118676 PMCID: PMC9477632 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2022958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2) is reported to participate in the development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), while the effects are not elucidated completely. The study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of THBS2 in CAVD. Differentially expressed genes related to stenosis and sclerosis were screened through Limma package based on data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the functional enrichment analysis was performed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database. The immunoreactivity of THBS2 in CAVD and normal samples was detected through immunohistochemistry. Valve interstitial cells (VICs) were transfected with short hairpin RNA against THBS2 (shTHBS2) and THBS2 overexpression plasmid and treated with LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) and induced osteogenic differentiation. The expression of THBS2 in CAVD and normal samples and the levels of THBS2, osteocalcin, Runx2, SPARC, COL1A2, COL1A1, SPP1, CTGF, MMP-2, MMP-13, Akt, p-Akt, p65, p-p65, and nuclear p65 in VICs were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. ALP activity was assessed using colorimetry. Calcic nodule formation was measured by Alizarin Red staining. THBS2 and PI3K-Akt pathway were differentially enriched in stenosis samples when compared with those in sclerosis samples. THBS2 expression was upregulated in CAVD and positively correlated with ALP activity, calcic nodule formation, osteogenic differentiation-related (osteocalcin, Runx2, SPARC, COL1A2, COL1A1, SPP1, and CTGF) and extracellular matrix– (ECM–) related (MMP-2 and MMP-13) factors in the process of osteogenic differentiation. ShTHBS2 suppressed ALP activity, calcic nodule formation, and osteogenic differentiation/ECM-related molecules while upregulating p-Akt/Akt, p-p65/p65, and nuclear p65 expressions in VICs during osteogenic differentiation. However, THBS2 overexpression had the opposite effect to shTHBS2, and LY294002 reversed the effect of shTHBS2. Collectively, overexpressed THBS2 induces the osteogenic differentiation of VICs via inhibiting Akt/NF-κB pathway to promote the development of CAVD.
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A novel homozygous ZNF469 variant causing brittle cornea syndrome is associated with corneal ectasias in heterozygous carriers. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 43:807-815. [PMID: 36048286 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe a family segregating a novel truncating ZNF469 homozygous mutation causing brittle cornea syndrome type 1 in a male patient and associated with corneal ectasia in his two heterozygous young children. METHODS A 49-year-old affected male and his 12- and 8-year-old, apparently healthy, siblings underwent phenotypic and genetic assessment. An Oculus Pentacam Scheimpflug topographer system was employed for keratometries and central corneal thickness measurements. Exome sequencing was performed in DNA from the index case with subsequent Sanger sequencing confirmation of the ZNF469 gene causal variant in his relatives. RESULTS The index case had a history of bilateral keratoglobus, corneal perforations, bilateral hypoacusia, and skeletal anomalies. His two children exhibited topographic anomalies compatible with keratoconus suspects as well as mild skeletal anomalies. Genetic analysis identified a novel homozygous c.2340delC variant in the ZNF469 gene, which predicts a p.(Arg781Glufs*19) truncated protein. Sanger sequencing identified heterozygosity for the c.2340delC variant in DNA from both siblings. CONCLUSION Our results expand the mutational spectrum associated with brittle cornea syndrome and provide the first demonstration of early corneal anomalies in subjects carrying monoallelic ZNF469 variants.
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Chen X, Bai X, Liu H, Zhao B, Yan Z, Hou Y, Chu Q. Population Genomic Sequencing Delineates Global Landscape of Copy Number Variations that Drive Domestication and Breed Formation of in Chicken. Front Genet 2022; 13:830393. [PMID: 35391799 PMCID: PMC8980806 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.830393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is an important genetic mechanism that drives evolution and generates new phenotypic variations. To explore the impact of CNV on chicken domestication and breed shaping, the whole-genome CNVs were detected via multiple methods. Using the whole-genome sequencing data from 51 individuals, corresponding to six domestic breeds and wild red jungle fowl (RJF), we determined 19,329 duplications and 98,736 deletions, which covered 11,123 copy number variation regions (CNVRs) and 2,636 protein-coding genes. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that these individuals could be divided into four populations according to their domestication and selection purpose. Seventy-two highly duplicated CNVRs were detected across all individuals, revealing pivotal roles of nervous system (NRG3, NCAM2), sensory (OR), and follicle development (VTG2) in chicken genome. When contrasting the CNVs of domestic breeds to those of RJFs, 235 CNVRs harboring 255 protein-coding genes, which were predominantly involved in pathways of nervous, immunity, and reproductive system development, were discovered. In breed-specific CNVRs, some valuable genes were identified, including HOXB7 for beard trait in Beijing You chicken; EDN3, SLMO2, TUBB1, and GFPT1 for melanin deposition in Silkie chicken; and SORCS2 for aggressiveness in Luxi Game fowl. Moreover, CSMD1 and NTRK3 with high duplications found exclusively in White Leghorn chicken, and POLR3H, MCM9, DOCK3, and AKR1B1L found in Recessive White Rock chicken may contribute to high egg production and fast-growing traits, respectively. The candidate genes of breed characteristics are valuable resources for further studies on phenotypic variation and the artificial breeding of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Huagui Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixun Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Bai C, Shi L, He Y, Hu M, Sun H, Peng H, Lai W, Jiao S, Zhao Z, Ma H, Yan S. Detection of selection signatures in South African Mutton Merino sheep using whole-genome sequencing data. Anim Genet 2022; 53:224-229. [PMID: 35099062 DOI: 10.1111/age.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The South African Mutton Merino (SAMM), a dual-purpose (meat and wool) sheep breed, is characterized by its excellent performance on growth, carcass traits and meat quality compared to other fine-wool Merino breeds. Nowadays, the SAMM breed has been widely used to cross with commercial and indigenous fine-wool or coarse-wool breeds to improve the growth and meat performance in many countries. To date, however, little is known about the genetic basis for its prominent characteristics. In this study, whole-genome sequences of 10 SAMM were sequenced and the selection signatures were analyzed together with those of 39 Australian Merino and Chinese Merino (wool-type Merino) by FST , iHS, and XP-EHH methods. In total, 313 genes in 277 regions were identified by at least 2 methods with the signal of selection and 21 of them were identified by all three methods. We highlighted a list of interesting genes, including GHR, LCORL, SMO, NCAPG, DCC, IBSP, PPARGC1A, PACRGL, PRDM5, XYLB, AHCYL2, TEFM, AFG1L, and FAM184B, which have been shown to be involved in growth, carcass traits, and meat quality by previous studies. Herein, GHR, encoding a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone, is the most notable one. We report the first study on selection signatures analysis of SAMM at whole-genome sequence level. These results provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying the growth and carcass traits in SAMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Bai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Shi
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyang Peng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weining Lai
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuyu Jiao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongli Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, China
| | - Huihai Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin, China
| | - Shouqing Yan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Cundy T, Vincent A, Robertson S. Does brittle cornea syndrome have a bone fragility phenotype? Bone Rep 2021; 15:101124. [PMID: 34522702 PMCID: PMC8426531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome is a rare recessively inherited disorder (a sub-type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome) with a clinical presentation dominated by corneal fragility and deafness. There have been suggestions that it may also have a bone fragility phenotype, but there has been little detailed description. We describe two siblings with brittle cornea syndrome due to compound heterozygous mutations in ZNF469 who had sustained ten or more fractures, the majority before the age of 15. When investigated as adults they had osteopenia, with lower z-scores than their parents who each carried one mutation. A bone biopsy from one sibling showed reduced cortical porosity. Both parents, who were heterozygous mutation carriers, had also suffered fractures but had normal bone density. This data supports the view that brittle cornea syndrome may have a bone fragility phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Cundy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Andrea Vincent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa-New Zealand
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10
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Sheng Y, Wu B, Song Y, Ye G, Qi Y, Zhao S. PRDM5 suppresses oesophageal squamous carcinoma cells and modulates 14-3-3zeta/Akt signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:370-379. [PMID: 34757658 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of PR (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ) domain protein 5 (PRDM5) expression has been shown to be associated with the progression of many malignancies. Nevertheless, the role and underlying mechanism of PRDM5 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain elusive. qRT-PCR was performed to analyze PRDM5 mRNA expression, and western blot was used to determine protein expression of PRDM5, MMP-2, MMP-9, 14-3-3zeta, pan-Akt and phosphorylated Akt expression. CCK-8 staining was employed to evaluate cell proliferation, while wound scratch assay and Transwell assay were carried out to detect cell migration. A tumour xenograft model of ESCC was also established to validate the effect of PRDM5. PRDM5 expression was downregulated in ESCC tissues and positively correlated with the overall survival of ESCC patients. Silencing PRDM5 expression promoted cell proliferation in ESCC cells, while overexpressing PRDM5 inhibited cell proliferation. Moreover, the migratory abilities of ESCC cells were promoted by PRDM5 knockdown but were attenuated by PRDM5 overexpression. Importantly, 14-3-3zeta expression, along with the phosphorylation of Akt, was suppressed by PRDM5 in ESCC cells. In the established tumour xenograft model, PRDM5 regulated ESCC tumour growth as well as the expression of 14-3-3zeta and phosphorylation of Akt protein. In conclusion, PRDM5 suppresses ESCC cell proliferation and migration and negatively regulates 14-3-3zeta/Akt signalling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Hami Central Hospital, Hami, China
| | - Yinliang Sheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guanchao Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Vroman R, Malfait AM, Miller RE, Malfait F, Syx D. Animal Models of Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes: Phenotype, Pathogenesis, and Translational Potential. Front Genet 2021; 12:726474. [PMID: 34712265 PMCID: PMC8547655 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.726474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of heritable connective tissues disorders mainly characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility and generalized tissue fragility. Currently, 14 EDS subtypes each with particular phenotypic features are recognized and are caused by genetic defects in 20 different genes. All of these genes are involved in the biosynthesis and/or fibrillogenesis of collagens at some level. Although great progress has been made in elucidating the molecular basis of different EDS subtypes, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypes remain poorly understood, and consequentially, adequate treatment and management options for these conditions remain scarce. To date, several animal models, mainly mice and zebrafish, have been described with defects in 14 of the 20 hitherto known EDS-associated genes. These models have been instrumental in discerning the functions and roles of the corresponding proteins during development, maturation and repair and in portraying their roles during collagen biosynthesis and/or fibrillogenesis, for some even before their contribution to an EDS phenotype was elucidated. Additionally, extensive phenotypical characterization of these models has shown that they largely phenocopy their human counterparts, with recapitulation of several clinical hallmarks of the corresponding EDS subtype, including dermatological, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and ocular features, as well as biomechanical and ultrastructural similarities in tissues. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of animal models manifesting phenotypes that mimic EDS with a focus on engineered mouse and zebrafish models, and their relevance in past and future EDS research. Additionally, we briefly discuss domestic animals with naturally occurring EDS phenotypes. Collectively, these animal models have only started to reveal glimpses into the pathophysiological aspects associated with EDS and will undoubtably continue to play critical roles in EDS research due to their tremendous potential for pinpointing (common) signaling pathways, unveiling possible therapeutic targets and providing opportunities for preclinical therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vroman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Stanton CM, Findlay AS, Drake C, Mustafa MZ, Gautier P, McKie L, Jackson IJ, Vitart V. A Mouse Model of Brittle Cornea Syndrome caused by mutation in Zfp469. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:272230. [PMID: 34368841 PMCID: PMC8476817 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare recessive condition characterised by extreme thinning of the cornea and sclera. BCS results from loss-of-function mutations in the poorly understood genes ZNF469 or PRDM5. In order to determine the function of ZNF469 and to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms, we used genome editing to recapitulate a human ZNF469 BCS mutation in the orthologous mouse gene Zfp469. Ophthalmic phenotyping showed that homozygous Zfp469 mutation causes significant central and peripheral corneal thinning arising from reduced stromal thickness. Expression of key components of the corneal stroma in primary keratocytes from Zfp469BCS/BCS mice is affected, including decreased Col1a1 and Col1a2 expression. This alters the collagen type I/collagen type V ratio and results in collagen fibrils with smaller diameter and increased fibril density in homozygous mutant corneas, correlating with decreased biomechanical strength in the cornea. Cell-derived matrices generated by primary keratocytes show reduced deposition of collagen type I, offering an in vitro model for stromal dysfunction. Work remains to determine whether modulating ZNF469 activity will have therapeutic benefit in BCS or in conditions such as keratoconus in which the cornea thins progressively. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A mouse model of brittle cornea syndrome was created to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of this rare connective tissue disorder in which extremely thin corneas rupture, causing irreversible blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Stanton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Amy S Findlay
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Camilla Drake
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mohammad Z Mustafa
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lisa McKie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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13
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Traylor M, Malik R, Gesierich B, Dichgans M. The BS variant of C4 protects against age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity. Brain 2021; 145:295-304. [PMID: 34358307 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity is a major determinant of cognitive decline, dementia, and gait disorders. However, the mechanisms and molecular pathways that contribute to this loss of integrity remain elusive. We performed a GWAS of white matter microstructural integrity as quantified by diffusion MRI metrics (mean diffusivity, MD; and fractional anisotropy, FA) in up to 31,128 individuals from UK Biobank (age 45-81 years) based on a 2 degrees of freedom (2df) test of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SNP x age effects. We identified 18 loci that were associated at genome-wide significance with either MD (N = 16) or FA (N = 6). Among the top loci was a region on chromosome 6 encoding the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Variants in the MHC region were strongly associated with both MD (best SNP: 6:28866209_TTTTG_T, beta(SE)=-0.069(0.009); 2df p = 6.5x10-15) and FA (best SNP: rs3129787, beta(SE)=-0.056(0.008); 2df p = 3.5x10-12). Of the imputed HLA alleles and complement component 4 (C4) structural haplotype variants in the human MHC, the strongest association was with the C4-BS variant (for MD: beta(SE)=-0.070(0.010); p = 2.7x10-11; for FA: beta(SE)=-0.054(0.011); p = 1.6x10-7). After conditioning on C4-BS no associations with HLA alleles remained significant. The protective influence of C4-BS was stronger in older subjects (age ≥ 65; interaction p = 0.0019 (MD), p = 0.015 (FA)) and in subjects without a history of smoking (interaction p = 0.00093 (MD), p = 0.021 (FA)). Taken together, our findings demonstrate a role of the complement system and of gene-environment interactions in age-related loss of white matter microstructural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Traylor
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,The Barts Heart Centre and NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre-Barts Health NHS Trust, The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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14
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Dhooge T, Van Damme T, Syx D, Mosquera LM, Nampoothiri S, Radhakrishnan A, Simsek-Kiper PO, Utine GE, Bonduelle M, Migeotte I, Essawi O, Ceylaner S, Al Kindy A, Tinkle B, Symoens S, Malfait F. More than meets the eye: Expanding and reviewing the clinical and mutational spectrum of brittle cornea syndrome. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:711-730. [PMID: 33739556 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by corneal thinning and fragility, leading to corneal rupture, the main hallmark of this disorder. Non-ocular symptoms include not only hearing loss but also signs of connective tissue fragility, placing it in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) spectrum. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in ZNF469 or PRDM5, which presumably encode transcription factors for extracellular matrix components. We report the clinical and molecular features of nine novel BCS families, four of which harbor variants in ZNF469 and five in PRDM5. We also performed a genotype- and phenotype-oriented literature overview of all (n = 85) reported patients with ZNF469 (n = 53) and PRDM5 (n = 32) variants. Musculoskeletal findings may be the main reason for referral and often raise suspicion of another heritable connective tissue disorder, such as kyphoscoliotic EDS, osteogenesis imperfecta, or Marfan syndrome, especially when a corneal rupture has not yet occurred. Our findings highlight the multisystemic nature of BCS and validate its inclusion in the EDS classification. Importantly, gene panels for heritable connective tissue disorders should include ZNF469 and PRDM5 to allow for timely diagnosis and appropriate preventive measures for this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibbe Dhooge
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Damme
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura M Mosquera
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Divison of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Radhakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Gülen E Utine
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maryse Bonduelle
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Osama Essawi
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Adila Al Kindy
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Brad Tinkle
- Division of Medical Genetics, Peyton Manning Children's Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Lee TL, Lin PH, Chen PL, Hong JB, Wu CC. Hereditary Hearing Impairment with Cutaneous Abnormalities. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:43. [PMID: 33396879 PMCID: PMC7823799 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndromic hereditary hearing impairment (HHI) is a clinically and etiologically diverse condition that has a profound influence on affected individuals and their families. As cutaneous findings are more apparent than hearing-related symptoms to clinicians and, more importantly, to caregivers of affected infants and young individuals, establishing a correlation map of skin manifestations and their underlying genetic causes is key to early identification and diagnosis of syndromic HHI. In this article, we performed a comprehensive PubMed database search on syndromic HHI with cutaneous abnormalities, and reviewed a total of 260 relevant publications. Our in-depth analyses revealed that the cutaneous manifestations associated with HHI could be classified into three categories: pigment, hyperkeratosis/nail, and connective tissue disorders, with each category involving distinct molecular pathogenesis mechanisms. This outline could help clinicians and researchers build a clear atlas regarding the phenotypic features and pathogenetic mechanisms of syndromic HHI with cutaneous abnormalities, and facilitate clinical and molecular diagnoses of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Lin Lee
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bon Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 11556, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei City 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
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16
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Ordoñez R, Kulis M, Russiñol N, Chapaprieta V, Carrasco-Leon A, García-Torre B, Charalampopoulou S, Clot G, Beekman R, Meydan C, Duran-Ferrer M, Verdaguer-Dot N, Vilarrasa-Blasi R, Soler-Vila P, Garate L, Miranda E, San José-Enériz E, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Ezponda T, Martínez-Turrilas R, Vilas-Zornoza A, Lara-Astiaso D, Dupéré-Richer D, Martens JHA, El-Omri H, Taha RY, Calasanz MJ, Paiva B, San Miguel J, Flicek P, Gut I, Melnick A, Mitsiades CS, Licht JD, Campo E, Stunnenberg HG, Agirre X, Prosper F, Martin-Subero JI. Chromatin activation as a unifying principle underlying pathogenic mechanisms in multiple myeloma. Genome Res 2020; 30:1217-1227. [PMID: 32820006 PMCID: PMC7545147 DOI: 10.1101/gr.265520.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm associated with a broad variety of genetic lesions. In spite of this genetic heterogeneity, MMs share a characteristic malignant phenotype whose underlying molecular basis remains poorly characterized. In the present study, we examined plasma cells from MM using a multi-epigenomics approach and demonstrated that, when compared to normal B cells, malignant plasma cells showed an extensive activation of regulatory elements, in part affecting coregulated adjacent genes. Among target genes up-regulated by this process, we found members of the NOTCH, NF-kB, MTOR signaling, and TP53 signaling pathways. Other activated genes included sets involved in osteoblast differentiation and response to oxidative stress, all of which have been shown to be associated with the MM phenotype and clinical behavior. We functionally characterized MM-specific active distant enhancers controlling the expression of thioredoxin (TXN), a major regulator of cellular redox status and, in addition, identified PRDM5 as a novel essential gene for MM. Collectively, our data indicate that aberrant chromatin activation is a unifying feature underlying the malignant plasma cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Kulis
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Russiñol
- Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Chapaprieta
- Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz García-Torre
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guillem Clot
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renée Beekman
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cem Meydan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Martí Duran-Ferrer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Verdaguer-Dot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Soler-Vila
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Garate
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Ezponda
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Lara-Astiaso
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daphné Dupéré-Richer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Halima El-Omri
- Department of Hematology & BMT, Hamad Medical Corporation, NCCCR, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ruba Y Taha
- Department of Hematology & BMT, Hamad Medical Corporation, NCCCR, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maria J Calasanz
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Paiva
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesus San Miguel
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Constantine S Mitsiades
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Elias Campo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xabier Agirre
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), IDISNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Martin-Subero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Fundamentos Clínicos, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the bone findings, mainly bone mass and fracture risk, in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS). RECENT FINDINGS Low bone mineral density and fractures seem to be frequent in some of the rare EDS types (kyphoscoliotic, arthrochalasia, spondylodysplastic, and classic-like EDS). For the more prevalent hypermobile and classic EDS types, some case-control studies found mildly decreased bone mineral density, but it was not clear that fracture rates were increased. Nevertheless, abnormalities in vertebral shape seem to be common in classical and hypermobile EDS types. In a cohort of individuals with EDS followed since birth, no fractures were observed during infancy. Bone mineral density varies widely among the different types of EDS, and vertebral abnormalities seem to be common in classical and hypermobile EDS. It might be justified to perform spine radiographs and bone mineral density assessments in newly diagnosed EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaa Basalom
- Shriners Hospital for Children, 1003 Boulevard Decarie, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospital for Children, 1003 Boulevard Decarie, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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18
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Cox AG, Tsomides A, Yimlamai D, Hwang KL, Miesfeld J, Galli GG, Fowl BH, Fort M, Ma KY, Sullivan MR, Hosios AM, Snay E, Yuan M, Brown KK, Lien EC, Chhangawala S, Steinhauser ML, Asara JM, Houvras Y, Link B, Vander Heiden MG, Camargo FD, Goessling W. Yap regulates glucose utilization and sustains nucleotide synthesis to enable organ growth. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.2018100294. [PMID: 30348863 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its nuclear effector Yap regulate organ size and cancer formation. While many modulators of Hippo activity have been identified, little is known about the Yap target genes that mediate these growth effects. Here, we show that yap -/- mutant zebrafish exhibit defects in hepatic progenitor potential and liver growth due to impaired glucose transport and nucleotide biosynthesis. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that Yap regulates expression of glucose transporter glut1, causing decreased glucose uptake and use for nucleotide biosynthesis in yap -/- mutants, and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Nucleotide supplementation improves Yap deficiency phenotypes, indicating functional importance of glucose-fueled nucleotide biosynthesis. Yap-regulated glut1 expression and glucose uptake are conserved in mammals, suggesting that stimulation of anabolic glucose metabolism is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which the Hippo pathway controls organ growth. Together, our results reveal a central role for Hippo signaling in glucose metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cox
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Hwang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Giorgio G Galli
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan H Fowl
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Fort
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Y Ma
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erin Snay
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Yuan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Link
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Wan Q, Tang J, Han Y, Xiao Q, Deng Y. Brittle cornea syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:252. [PMID: 30227830 PMCID: PMC6142315 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To report a patient who presented with bluish scleral discoloration, keratoconus, and progressive high myopia. Case presentation A 6-year-old Chinese female patient presented with a significant bluish discoloration of the sclera in both eyes and extreme corneal thinning with anterior corneal protrusion. General pediatric physical examination was normal for all systems and no genetic disorders known were observed. Conclusions We aim to highlight the importance of diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from Brittle cornea syndrome. Timely diagnosis and early provision of protective glasses seem to be the most important step in treating BCS. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BCS being reported in the Asia area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The people's hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The people's hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The people's hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, People's Republic of China
| | - Qibin Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The people's hospital of Leshan, Leshan City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingping Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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20
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Brady AF, Demirdas S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Ghali N, Giunta C, Kapferer-Seebacher I, Kosho T, Mendoza-Londono R, Pope MF, Rohrbach M, Van Damme T, Vandersteen A, van Mourik C, Voermans N, Zschocke J, Malfait F. The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, rare types. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175:70-115. [PMID: 28306225 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes comprise a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders, which are characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue friability. In the Villefranche Nosology, six subtypes were recognized: The classical, hypermobile, vascular, kyphoscoliotic, arthrochalasis, and dermatosparaxis subtypes of EDS. Except for the hypermobile subtype, defects had been identified in fibrillar collagens or in collagen-modifying enzymes. Since 1997, a whole spectrum of novel, clinically overlapping, rare EDS-variants have been delineated and genetic defects have been identified in an array of other extracellular matrix genes. Advances in molecular testing have made it possible to now identify the causative mutation for many patients presenting these phenotypes. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge on the rare EDS subtypes and highlight areas for future research. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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21
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Wu H, Wang L, Zhang D, Qian J, Yan L, Tang Q, Ni R, Zou X. PRDM5 promotes the apoptosis of epithelial cells induced by IFN-γ during Crohn’s disease. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:666-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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A causal relationship between the neurotherapeutic effects of miR182/7a and decreased expression of PRDM5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1-7. [PMID: 28552531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is terrible damage resulting in the deficiencies and necrosis of neurology and causes infinite inconvenience to sufferers. The therapy of SCI still meets a larger number of problems. Therefore, the underlying mechanism and novel therapy of acute SCI (ASCI) are urgent to explore. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SCI model was established in rats. The expression of miR-182/miR-7a and PRDM5 at mRNA level was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and the protein expression of PRDM5 and c-caspase 3 was assessed by western blotting assays. The apoptosis of spinal cord neurons (SCN) was assessed on flow cytometry. The transfection of cells was performed by Lipofectamine 2000 kit. The relationship between PRDM5 and miR-182/miR-7a was examined by Luciferase assay. RESULTS The expression of PRDM5 was up-regulated at either mRNA (2.212 folds) or protein level after SCI in rats, and knockdown of PRDM5 in SCN declined the c-caspase3 expression. In addition, the expression of miR-182 and miR-7a was decreased by 44.6% and 39.3% after SCI in rats. Moreover, the expression of miR-182 and miR-7a were negatively correlated with the level of PRDM5 expression, and the expression of PRDM5 was inhibited due to the increase of miR-182 and/or miR-7a expression. Moreover, both miR-182 and miR-7a could regulate PRDM5 to control SCN apoptosis. According to the BBB score increased 2 folds, the intrathecal injection of miR-182 and miR-7a improved the neurological function of rats. CONCLUSION Inhibition of PRDM5 which was apparently negative correlation with miR-182 and miR-7a could suppress the neurons apoptosis to attenuate acute spinal cord injury in rats.
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23
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Wang L, Ding QQ, Gao SS, Yang HJ, Wang M, Shi Y, Cheng BF, Bi JJ, Feng ZW. PRDM5 promotes the proliferation and invasion of murine melanoma cells through up-regulating JNK expression. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2558-66. [PMID: 27485778 PMCID: PMC5055150 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ domain-containing) proteins constitute a family of zinc finger proteins and play important roles in multiple cellular processes by acting as epigenetic modifiers. PRDM5 is a recently identified member of the PRDM family and may function as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. However, the role of PRDM5 in murine melanoma remains largely unknown. In our study, effect of PRDM5 on murine melanoma cells was determined and results showed that PRDM5 overexpression significantly promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of murine melanoma B16F10 cells. Consistently, silencing of PRDM5 expression significantly inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of B16F10 cells. In vivo study also showed that PRDM5 silencing significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of melanoma in mice. PRDM5 was then found to increase the expression and activation of JNK in B16F10 cells. JNK silencing significantly reduced PRDM5-mediated up-regulation of JNK expression and blocked the PRDM5-induced proliferation and invasion of B16F10 cells. To further verify the involvement of JNK signaling in PRDM5-induced progression of B16F10 cells, a specific JNK inhibitor was employed to inhibit the JNK signaling pathway, and results showed that PRDM5-induced proliferation and invasion of B16F10 cells were abolished. We conclude that PRDM5 promotes the proliferation and invasion of murine melanoma cells through up-regulating JNK expression and strategies targeting PRDM5 may be promising for the therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hai-Jie Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bin-Feng Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia-Jia Bi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. ,
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24
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Cox AG, Hwang KL, Brown KK, Evason K, Beltz S, Tsomides A, O'Connor K, Galli GG, Yimlamai D, Chhangawala S, Yuan M, Lien EC, Wucherpfennig J, Nissim S, Minami A, Cohen DE, Camargo FD, Asara JM, Houvras Y, Stainier DY, Goessling W. Yap reprograms glutamine metabolism to increase nucleotide biosynthesis and enable liver growth. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:886-896. [PMID: 27428308 PMCID: PMC4990146 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an important regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. It is unclear, however, how Hippo signalling provides the cellular building blocks required for rapid growth. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic zebrafish expressing an activated form of the Hippo pathway effector Yap1 (also known as YAP) develop enlarged livers and are prone to liver tumour formation. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling identify that Yap1 reprograms glutamine metabolism. Yap1 directly enhances glutamine synthetase (glul) expression and activity, elevating steady-state levels of glutamine and enhancing the relative isotopic enrichment of nitrogen during de novo purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GLUL diminishes the isotopic enrichment of nitrogen into nucleotides, suppressing hepatomegaly and the growth of liver cancer cells. Consequently, Yap-driven liver growth is susceptible to nucleotide inhibition. Together, our findings demonstrate that Yap1 integrates the anabolic demands of tissue growth during development and tumorigenesis by reprogramming nitrogen metabolism to stimulate nucleotide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Cox
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katie L. Hwang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kristin K. Brown
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sebastian Beltz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Allison Tsomides
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keelin O'Connor
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dean Yimlamai
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sagar Chhangawala
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY
| | - Min Yuan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan C. Lien
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Sahar Nissim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Akihiro Minami
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fernando D. Camargo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - John M. Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yariv Houvras
- Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY
| | | | - Wolfram Goessling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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25
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Porter LF, Galli GG, Williamson S, Selley J, Knight D, Elcioglu N, Aydin A, Elcioglu M, Venselaar H, Lund AH, Bonshek R, Black GC, Manson FD. A role for repressive complexes and H3K9 di-methylation in PRDM5-associated brittle cornea syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6565-79. [PMID: 26395458 PMCID: PMC4634368 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 brittle cornea syndrome (BCS2) is an inherited connective tissue disease with a devastating ocular phenotype caused by mutations in the transcription factor PR domain containing 5 (PRDM5) hypothesized to exert epigenetic effects through histone and DNA methylation. Here we investigate clinical samples, including skin fibroblasts and retinal tissue from BCS2 patients, to elucidate the epigenetic role of PRDM5 and mechanisms of its dysregulation in disease. First we report abnormal retinal vascular morphology in the eyes of two cousins with BCS2 (PRDM5 Δ exons 9-14) using immunohistochemistry, and mine data from skin fibroblast expression microarrays from patients with PRDM5 mutations p.Arg590* and Δ exons 9-14, as well as from a PRDM5 ChIP-sequencing experiment. Gene ontology analysis of dysregulated PRDM5-target genes reveals enrichment for extracellular matrix (ECM) genes supporting vascular integrity and development. Q-PCR and ChIP-qPCR confirm upregulation of critical mediators of ECM stability in vascular structures (COL13A1, COL15A1, NTN1, CDH5) in patient fibroblasts. We identify H3K9 di-methylation (H3K9me2) at these PRDM5-target genes in fibroblasts, and demonstrate that the BCS2 mutation p.Arg83Cys diminishes interaction of PRDM5 with repressive complexes, including NuRD complex protein CHD4, and the repressive chromatin interactor HP1BP3, by co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry. We observe reduced heterochromatin protein 1 binding protein 3 (HP1BP3) staining in the retinas of two cousins lacking exons 9-14 by immunohistochemistry, and dysregulated H3K9me2 in skin fibroblasts of three patients (p.Arg590*, p.Glu134* and Δ exons 9-14) by western blotting. These findings suggest that defective interaction of PRDM5 with repressive complexes, and dysregulation of H3K9me2, play a role in PRDM5-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Porter
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Giorgio G Galli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Department and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally Williamson
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
| | - Julian Selley
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - David Knight
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Nursel Elcioglu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medipol Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Elcioglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre of Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard Bonshek
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK, National Ophthalmic Pathology Service Laboratory, Department of Histopathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme C Black
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Manchester, UK
| | - Forbes D Manson
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK
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26
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Porter LF, Gallego-Pinazo R, Keeling CL, Kamieniorz M, Zoppi N, Colombi M, Giunta C, Bonshek R, Manson FD, Black GC. Bruch's membrane abnormalities in PRDM5-related brittle cornea syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:145. [PMID: 26560304 PMCID: PMC4642625 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare, generalized connective tissue disorder associated with extreme corneal thinning and a high risk of corneal rupture. Recessive mutations in transcription factors ZNF469 and PRDM5 cause BCS. Both transcription factors are suggested to act on a common pathway regulating extracellular matrix genes, particularly fibrillar collagens. We identified bilateral myopic choroidal neovascularization as the presenting feature of BCS in a 26-year-old-woman carrying a novel PRDM5 mutation (p.Glu134*). We performed immunohistochemistry of anterior and posterior segment ocular tissues, as expression of PRDM5 in the eye has not been described, or the effects of PRDM5-associated disease on the retina, particularly the extracellular matrix composition of Bruch’s membrane. Methods Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against PRDM5, collagens type I, III, and IV was performed on the eyes of two unaffected controls and two patients (both with Δ9-14 PRDM5). Expression of collagens, integrins, tenascin and fibronectin in skin fibroblasts of a BCS patient with a novel p.Glu134* PRDM5 mutation was assessed using immunofluorescence. Results PRDM5 is expressed in the corneal epithelium and retina. We observe reduced expression of major components of Bruch’s membrane in the eyes of two BCS patients with a PRDM5 Δ9-14 mutation. Immunofluorescence performed on skin fibroblasts from a patient with p.Glu134* confirms the generalized nature of extracellular matrix abnormalities in BCS. Conclusions PDRM5-related disease is known to affect the cornea, skin and joints. Here we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that PRDM5 localizes not only in the human cornea, but is also widely expressed in the retina. Our findings suggest that ECM abnormalities in PRDM5-associated disease are more widespread than previously reported. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0360-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Porter
- Institute of Human Development, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unit of Macula, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Catherine L Keeling
- Histopathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Martyna Kamieniorz
- Histopathology, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Centre, (CRC) Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Richard Bonshek
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Department of Histopathology, National Ophthalmic Pathology Service (NSOPS) Laboratory, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Forbes D Manson
- Institute of Human Development, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Graeme C Black
- Institute of Human Development, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, MAHSC, Saint Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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27
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Micheal S, Siddiqui SN, Zafar SN, Venselaar H, Qamar R, Khan MI, den Hollander AI. Whole exome sequencing identifies a heterozygous missense variant in the PRDM5 gene in a family with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Neurogenetics 2015; 17:17-23. [PMID: 26489929 PMCID: PMC4701771 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-015-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a disorder affecting the anterior segment of the eye, often leading to secondary glaucoma and several systemic malformations. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion that has been associated with genetic defects in PITX2 and FOXC1. Known genes CYP1b1, PITX2, and FOXC1 were excluded by Sanger sequencing. The purpose of current study is to identify the underlying genetic causes in ARS family by whole exome sequencing (WES). WES was performed for affected proband of family, and variants were prioritized based on in silico analyses. Segregation analysis of candidate variants was performed in family members. A novel heterozygous PRDM5 missense variant (c.877A>G; p.Lys293Glu) was found to segregate with the disease in an autosomal dominant fashion. The novel missense variant was absent from population-matched controls, the Exome Variant Server, and an in-house exome variant database. The Lys293Glu variant is predicted to be pathogenic and affects a lysine residue that is conserved in different species. Variants in the PRDM5 gene were previously identified in anterior segment defects, i.e., autosomal recessive brittle cornea syndrome and keratoconus. The results of this study suggest that genetic variants in PRDM5 can lead to various syndromic and nonsyndromic disorders affecting the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Micheal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sorath Noorani Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Eye Trust Hospital Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saemah Nuzhat Zafar
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Eye Trust Hospital Jhelum Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Galli GG, Carrara M, Yuan WC, Valdes-Quezada C, Gurung B, Pepe-Mooney B, Zhang T, Geeven G, Gray NS, de Laat W, Calogero RA, Camargo FD. YAP Drives Growth by Controlling Transcriptional Pause Release from Dynamic Enhancers. Mol Cell 2015; 60:328-37. [PMID: 26439301 PMCID: PMC4624327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo/YAP signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of tissue growth, stem cell activity, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which YAP controls transcription remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we utilize global chromatin occupancy analyses to demonstrate that robust YAP binding is restricted to a relatively small number of distal regulatory elements in the genome. YAP occupancy defines a subset of enhancers and superenhancers with the highest transcriptional outputs. YAP modulates transcription from these elements predominantly by regulating promoter-proximal polymerase II (Pol II) pause release. Mechanistically, YAP interacts and recruits the Mediator complex to enhancers, allowing the recruitment of the CDK9 elongating kinase. Genetic and chemical perturbation experiments demonstrate the requirement for Mediator and CDK9 in YAP-driven phenotypes of overgrowth and tumorigenesis. Our results here uncover the molecular mechanisms employed by YAP to exert its growth and oncogenic functions, and suggest strategies for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio G Galli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matteo Carrara
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Wei-Chien Yuan
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Valdes-Quezada
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Basanta Gurung
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian Pepe-Mooney
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geert Geeven
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter de Laat
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Fernando D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Martin A, Xiong J, Koromila T, Ji JS, Chang S, Song YS, Miller JL, Han CY, Kostenuik P, Krum SA, Chimge NO, Gabet Y, Frenkel B. Estrogens antagonize RUNX2-mediated osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis through regulating RANKL membrane association. Bone 2015; 75:96-104. [PMID: 25701138 PMCID: PMC4387095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its thoroughly investigated role in bone formation, the osteoblast master transcription factor RUNX2 also promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Here we demonstrate that 17β-estradiol (E2), strongly inhibits RUNX2-mediated osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures. Towards deciphering the underlying mechanism, we induced premature expression of RUNX2 in primary murine pre-osteoblasts, which resulted in robust differentiation of co-cultured splenocytes into mature osteoclasts. This was attributable to RUNX2-mediated increase in RANKL secretion, determined by ELISA, as well as to RUNX2-mediated increase in RANKL association with the osteoblast membrane, demonstrated using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The increased association with the osteoblast membrane was recapitulated by transiently expressed GFP-RANKL. E2 abolished the RUNX2-mediated increase in membrane-associated RANKL and GFP-RANKL, as well as the concomitant osteoclastogenesis. RUNX2-mediated RANKL cellular redistribution was attributable in part to a decrease in Opg expression, but E2 did not influence Opg expression either in the presence or absence of RUNX2. Diminution of RUNX2-mediated osteoclastogenesis by E2 occurred regardless of whether the pre-osteoclasts were derived from wild type or estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-knockout mice, suggesting that activated ERα inhibited osteoblast-driven osteoclastogenesis by acting in osteoblasts, possibly targeting RUNX2. Indeed, microarray analysis demonstrated global attenuation of the RUNX2 response by E2, including abrogation of Pstpip2 expression, which likely plays a critical role in membrane trafficking. Finally, the selective ER modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene mimicked E2 in abrogating the stimulatory effect of osteoblastic RUNX2 on osteoclast differentiation in the co-culture assay. Thus, E2 antagonizes RUNX2-mediated RANKL trafficking and subsequent osteoclastogenesis. Targeting RUNX2 and/or downstream mechanisms that regulate RANKL trafficking may lead to the development of improved SERMs and possibly non-hormonal therapeutic approaches to high turnover bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Theodora Koromila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jie S. Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stephanie Chang
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yae S. Song
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Miller
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chun-Ya Han
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Paul Kostenuik
- Metabolic Disorders Research, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Dr, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Susan A. Krum
- UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095 USA
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1795 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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Van Damme T, Syx D, Coucke P, Symoens S, De Paepe A, Malfait F. Genetics of the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: more than collagen disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1022528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bond CE, Bettington ML, Pearson SA, McKeone DM, Leggett BA, Whitehall VLJ. Methylation and expression of the tumour suppressor, PRDM5, in colorectal cancer and polyp subgroups. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 25613750 PMCID: PMC4318154 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRDM5 is an epigenetic regulator that has been recognized as an important tumour suppressor gene. Silencing of PRDM5 by promoter hypermethylation has been demonstrated in several cancer types and PRDM5 loss results in upregulation of the Wnt pathway and increased cellular proliferation. PRDM5 has not been extensively investigated in specific subtypes of colorectal cancers. We hypothesized it would be more commonly methylated and inactivated in serrated pathway colorectal cancers that are hallmarked by a BRAF V600E mutation and a methylator phenotype, compared to traditional pathway cancers that are BRAF wild type. METHODS Cancer (214 BRAF mutant, 122 BRAF wild type) and polyp (59 serrated polyps, 40 conventional adenomas) cohorts were analysed for PRDM5 promoter methylation using MethyLight technology. PRDM5 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in cancers and polyps. Mutation of PRDM5 was analysed using cBioPortal's publicly available database. RESULTS BRAF mutant cancers had significantly more frequent PRDM5 promoter methylation than BRAF wild type cancers (77/214,36% vs 4/122,3%; p<0.0001). Serrated type polyps had a lower methylation rate than cancers but were more commonly methylated than conventional adenomas (6/59,10% vs 0/40,0%). PRDM5 methylation was associated with advanced stages of presentation (p<0.05) and the methylator phenotype (p=0.03). PRDM5 protein expression was substantially down-regulated in both BRAF mutant and wild type cancer cohorts (92/97,95% and 39/44,89%). The polyp subgroups showed less silencing than the cancers, but similar rates were found between the serrated and conventional polyp cohorts (29/59, 49%; 23/40, 58% respectively). Of 295 colorectal cancers, PRDM5 was mutated in only 6 (2%) cancers which were all BRAF wild type. CONCLUSIONS Serrated pathway colorectal cancers demonstrated early and progressive PRDM5 methylation with advancing disease. Interestingly, PRDM5 protein expression was substantially reduced in all polyp types and more so in cancers which also indicates early and increasing PRDM5 down-regulation with disease progression. Methylation may be contributing to gene silencing in a proportion of BRAF mutant cancers, but the large extent of absent protein expression indicates other mechanisms are also responsible for this. These data suggest that PRDM5 is a relevant tumour suppressor gene that is frequently targeted in colorectal tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Bond
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mark L Bettington
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sally-Ann Pearson
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Diane M McKeone
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
The PR-domain (PRDM) family of genes encodes transcriptional regulators, several of which are deregulated in cancer. By using a functional screening approach, we sought to identify novel tumor suppressors among the PRDMs. Here we demonstrate oncogenic collaboration between depletion of the previously uncharacterized PR-domain family member Prdm11 and overexpression of MYC. Overexpression of PRDM11 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis. Prdm11 knockout mice are viable, and loss of Prdm11 accelerates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis in the Eµ-Myc mouse model. Moreover, we show that patients with PRDM11-deficient diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) have poorer overall survival and belong to the nongerminal center B-cell-like subtype. Mechanistically, genome-wide mapping of PRDM11 binding sites coupled with transcriptome sequencing in human DLBCL cells evidenced that PRDM11 associates with transcriptional start sites of target genes and regulates important oncogenes such as FOS and JUN. Hence, we characterize PRDM11 as a putative novel tumor suppressor that controls the expression of key oncogenes, and we add new mechanistic insight into B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Hippo pathway activity influences liver cell fate. Cell 2014; 157:1324-1338. [PMID: 24906150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo-signaling pathway is an important regulator of cellular proliferation and organ size. However, little is known about the role of this cascade in the control of cell fate. Employing a combination of lineage tracing, clonal analysis, and organoid culture approaches, we demonstrate that Hippo pathway activity is essential for the maintenance of the differentiated hepatocyte state. Remarkably, acute inactivation of Hippo pathway signaling in vivo is sufficient to dedifferentiate, at very high efficiencies, adult hepatocytes into cells bearing progenitor characteristics. These hepatocyte-derived progenitor cells demonstrate self-renewal and engraftment capacity at the single-cell level. We also identify the NOTCH-signaling pathway as a functional important effector downstream of the Hippo transducer YAP. Our findings uncover a potent role for Hippo/YAP signaling in controlling liver cell fate and reveal an unprecedented level of phenotypic plasticity in mature hepatocytes, which has implications for the understanding and manipulation of liver regeneration.
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Gewies A, Castineiras-Vilarino M, Ferch U, Jährling N, Heinrich K, Hoeckendorf U, Przemeck GKH, Munding M, Groß O, Schroeder T, Horsch M, Karran EL, Majid A, Antonowicz S, Beckers J, Hrabé de Angelis M, Dodt HU, Peschel C, Förster I, Dyer MJS, Ruland J. Prdm6 is essential for cardiovascular development in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81833. [PMID: 24278461 PMCID: PMC3836774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the PRDM protein family have been shown to play important roles during embryonic development. Previous in vitro and in situ analyses indicated a function of Prdm6 in cells of the vascular system. To reveal physiological functions of Prdm6, we generated conditional Prdm6-deficient mice. Complete deletion of Prdm6 results in embryonic lethality due to cardiovascular defects associated with aberrations in vascular patterning. However, smooth muscle cells could be regularly differentiated from Prdm6-deficient embryonic stem cells and vascular smooth muscle cells were present and proliferated normally in Prdm6-deficient embryos. Conditional deletion of Prdm6 in the smooth muscle cell lineage using a SM22-Cre driver line resulted in perinatal lethality due to hemorrhage in the lungs. We thus identified Prdm6 as a factor that is essential for the physiological control of cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gewies
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mercedes Castineiras-Vilarino
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Ferch
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Jährling
- Department of Bioelectronics, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Brain Research, Section of Bioelectronics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Katja Heinrich
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Hoeckendorf
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard K. H. Przemeck
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Munding
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Groß
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marion Horsch
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E. Loraine Karran
- MRC Toxicology Unit and Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Aneela Majid
- MRC Toxicology Unit and Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Antonowicz
- MRC Toxicology Unit and Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Dodt
- Department of Bioelectronics, Institute of Solid State Electronics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Brain Research, Section of Bioelectronics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin J. S. Dyer
- MRC Toxicology Unit and Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Signaling in the Immune System, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Genomic and proteomic analyses of Prdm5 reveal interactions with insulator binding proteins in embryonic stem cells. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4504-16. [PMID: 24043305 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00545-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PRDM proteins belong to the SET domain protein family, which is involved in the regulation of gene expression. Although few PRDM members possess histone methyltransferase activity, the molecular mechanisms by which the other members exert transcriptional regulation remain to be delineated. In this study, we find that Prdm5 is highly expressed in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells and exploit this cellular system to characterize molecular functions of Prdm5. By combining proteomics and next-generation sequencing technologies, we identify Prdm5 interaction partners and genomic occupancy. We demonstrate that although Prdm5 is dispensable for mES cell maintenance, it directly targets genomic regions involved in early embryonic development and affects the expression of a subset of developmental regulators during cell differentiation. Importantly, Prdm5 interacts with Ctcf, cohesin, and TFIIIC and cooccupies genomic loci. In summary, our data indicate how Prdm5 modulates transcription by interacting with factors involved in genome organization in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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The PR/SET domain zinc finger protein Prdm4 regulates gene expression in embryonic stem cells but plays a nonessential role in the developing mouse embryo. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3936-50. [PMID: 23918801 PMCID: PMC3811882 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00498-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prdm4 is a highly conserved member of the Prdm family of PR/SET domain zinc finger proteins. Many well-studied Prdm family members play critical roles in development and display striking loss-of-function phenotypes. Prdm4 functional contributions have yet to be characterized. Here, we describe its widespread expression in the early embryo and adult tissues. We demonstrate that DNA binding is exclusively mediated by the Prdm4 zinc finger domain, and we characterize its tripartite consensus sequence via SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) and ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing) experiments. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Prdm4 regulates key pluripotency and differentiation pathways. Two independent strategies, namely, targeted deletion of the zinc finger domain and generation of a EUCOMM LacZ reporter allele, resulted in functional null alleles. However, homozygous mutant embryos develop normally and adults are healthy and fertile. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that Prdm4 functions redundantly with other transcriptional partners to cooperatively regulate gene expression in the embryo and adult animal.
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Prdm5 suppresses Apc(Min)-driven intestinal adenomas and regulates monoacylglycerol lipase expression. Oncogene 2013; 33:3342-50. [PMID: 23873026 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PRDM proteins are tissue-specific transcription factors often deregulated in diseases, particularly in cancer where different members have been found to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. PRDM5 is a poorly characterized member of the PRDM family for which several studies have reported a high frequency of promoter hypermethylation in cancer types of gastrointestinal origin. We report here the characterization of Prdm5 knockout mice in the context of intestinal carcinogenesis. We demonstrate that loss of Prdm5 increases the number of adenomas throughout the murine small intestine on an Apc(Min) background. By using the genome-wide ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by DNA sequencing) and transcriptome analyses we identify loci encoding proteins involved in metabolic processes as prominent PRDM5 targets and characterize monoacylglycerol lipase (Mgll) as a direct PRDM5 target in human colon cancer cells and in Prdm5 mutant mouse intestines. Moreover, we report the downregulation of PRDM5 protein expression in human colon neoplastic lesions. In summary, our data provide the first causal link between Prdm5 loss and intestinal carcinogenesis, and uncover an extensive and novel PRDM5 target repertoire likely facilitating the tumor-suppressive functions of PRDM5.
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Chittka A. Differential regulation of SC1/PRDM4 and PRMT5 mediated protein arginine methylation by the nerve growth factor and the epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:87-92. [PMID: 23831350 PMCID: PMC3776221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
During neuronal development, the neuroepithelial stem cells (NSCs) initially undergo proliferative divisions, later switching to neurogenic ones whereby one NSC and a post-mitotic neuron are generated. We recently showed that a member of the PRDM family of transcriptional regulators, PRDM4/SC1, recruits a type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5, to maintain the "stem-like" cellular state of the embryonic mouse cortical NSCs. However, little is known about the regulation of activity of this complex under proliferation- or differentiation-inducing growth conditions. In the present work I investigate the regulation of SC1/PRMT5-mediated methylation activity in PC12 cells treated with EGF or NGF. I present evidence that NGF down-regulates SC1/PRMT5 methyltransferase (MTase) activity and that the reduction in SC1/PRMT5 MTase activity occurs mainly in the nucleus. I suggest that high levels of SC1/PRMT5 activity are associated with the proliferative state of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chittka
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Rohrbach M, Spencer HL, Porter LF, Burkitt-Wright EM, Bürer C, Janecke A, Bakshi M, Sillence D, Al-Hussain H, Baumgartner M, Steinmann B, Black GC, Manson FD, Giunta C. ZNF469 frequently mutated in the brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a single exon gene possibly regulating the expression of several extracellular matrix components. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:289-95. [PMID: 23680354 PMCID: PMC3925994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS; MIM 229200) is an autosomal recessive generalized connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in ZNF469 and PRDM5. It is characterized by extreme thinning and fragility of the cornea that may rupture in the absence of significant trauma leading to blindness. Keratoconus or keratoglobus, high myopia, blue sclerae, hyperelasticity of the skin without excessive fragility, and hypermobility of the small joints are additional features of BCS. Transcriptional regulation of extracellular matrix components, particularly of fibrillar collagens, by PRDM5 and ZNF469 suggests that they might be part of the same pathway, the disruption of which is likely to cause the features of BCS. In the present study, we have performed molecular analysis of a cohort of 23 BCS affected patients on both ZNF469 and PRDM5, including those who were clinically reported previously [1]; the clinical description of three additional patients is reported in detail. We identified either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in ZNF469 in 18 patients while, 4 were found to be homozygous for PRDM5 mutations. In one single patient a mutation in neither ZNF469 nor PRDM5 was identified. Furthermore, we report the 12 novel ZNF469 variants identified in our patient cohort, and show evidence that ZNF469 is a single exon rather than a two exon gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen L. Spencer
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise F. Porter
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma M.M. Burkitt-Wright
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Céline Bürer
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Janecke
- Division of Human Genetics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Madhura Bakshi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Sillence
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hailah Al-Hussain
- King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Division of Oculoplastics and Orbit, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Baumgartner
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Steinmann
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Graeme C.M. Black
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Forbes D.C. Manson
- Genetic Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Cecilia Giunta
- Division of Metabolism, Connective Tissue Unit and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Jarman E, Jarai G, Feige A, Suply T, Micard A, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Beckmann N. Administration of bleomycin via the oropharyngeal aspiration route leads to sustained lung fibrosis in mice and rats as quantified by UTE-MRI and histology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63432. [PMID: 23667616 PMCID: PMC3646779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis can be experimentally induced in small rodents by bleomycin. The antibiotic is usually administered via the intratracheal or intranasal routes. In the present study, we investigated the oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin as an alternative route for the induction of lung fibrosis in rats and mice. The development of lung injury was followed in vivo by ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) and by post-mortem analyses (histology of collagen, hydroxyproline determination, and qRT-PCR). In C57BL/6 mice, oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin led to more prominent lung fibrosis as compared to intranasal administration. Consequently, the oropharyngeal aspiration route allowed a dose reduction of bleomycin and, therewith, a model refinement. Moreover, the distribution of collagen after oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin was more homogenous than after intranasal administration: for the oropharyngeal aspiration route, fibrotic areas appeared all over the lung lobes, while for the intranasal route fibrotic lesions appeared mainly around the largest superior airways. Thus, oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin induced morphological changes that were more comparable to the human disease than the intranasal administration route did. Oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin led to a homogeneous fibrotic injury also in rat lungs. The present data suggest oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin as a less invasive means to induce homogeneous and sustained fibrosis in the lungs of mice and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Biocenter, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Jarman
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Respiratory Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Agnès Feige
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Suply
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Micard
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Global Imaging Group, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Burkitt Wright EMM, Porter LF, Spencer HL, Clayton-Smith J, Au L, Munier FL, Smithson S, Suri M, Rohrbach M, Manson FDC, Black GCM. Brittle cornea syndrome: recognition, molecular diagnosis and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:68. [PMID: 23642083 PMCID: PMC3659006 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by extreme corneal thinning and fragility. Corneal rupture can therefore occur either spontaneously or following minimal trauma in affected patients. Two genes, ZNF469 and PRDM5, have now been identified, in which causative pathogenic mutations collectively account for the condition in nearly all patients with BCS ascertained to date. Therefore, effective molecular diagnosis is now available for affected patients, and those at risk of being heterozygous carriers for BCS. We have previously identified mutations in ZNF469 in 14 families (in addition to 6 reported by others in the literature), and in PRDM5 in 8 families (with 1 further family now published by others). Clinical features include extreme corneal thinning with rupture, high myopia, blue sclerae, deafness of mixed aetiology with hypercompliant tympanic membranes, and variable skeletal manifestations. Corneal rupture may be the presenting feature of BCS, and it is possible that this may be incorrectly attributed to non-accidental injury. Mainstays of management include the prevention of ocular rupture by provision of protective polycarbonate spectacles, careful monitoring of visual and auditory function, and assessment for skeletal complications such as developmental dysplasia of the hip. Effective management depends upon appropriate identification of affected individuals, which may be challenging given the phenotypic overlap of BCS with other connective tissue disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M M Burkitt Wright
- Genetic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Di Zazzo E, De Rosa C, Abbondanza C, Moncharmont B. PRDM Proteins: Molecular Mechanisms in Signal Transduction and Transcriptional Regulation. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:107-41. [PMID: 24832654 PMCID: PMC4009873 DOI: 10.3390/biology2010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PRDM (PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing) protein family members are characterized by the presence of a PR domain and a variable number of Zn-finger repeats. Experimental evidence has shown that the PRDM proteins play an important role in gene expression regulation, modifying the chromatin structure either directly, through the intrinsic methyltransferase activity, or indirectly through the recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes. PRDM proteins have a dual action: they mediate the effect induced by different cell signals like steroid hormones and control the expression of growth factors. PRDM proteins therefore have a pivotal role in the transduction of signals that control cell proliferation and differentiation and consequently neoplastic transformation. In this review, we describe pathways in which PRDM proteins are involved and the molecular mechanism of their transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Medicine and health sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
| | - Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and general Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy.
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and general Pathology, Second University of Naples, via L. De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy.
| | - Bruno Moncharmont
- Department of Medicine and health sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis snc, Campobasso 86100, Italy.
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Lachance J, Vernot B, Elbers CC, Ferwerda B, Froment A, Bodo JM, Lema G, Fu W, Nyambo TB, Rebbeck TR, Zhang K, Akey JM, Tishkoff SA. Evolutionary history and adaptation from high-coverage whole-genome sequences of diverse African hunter-gatherers. Cell 2012; 150:457-69. [PMID: 22840920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To reconstruct modern human evolutionary history and identify loci that have shaped hunter-gatherer adaptation, we sequenced the whole genomes of five individuals in each of three different hunter-gatherer populations at > 60× coverage: Pygmies from Cameroon and Khoesan-speaking Hadza and Sandawe from Tanzania. We identify 13.4 million variants, substantially increasing the set of known human variation. We found evidence of archaic introgression in all three populations, and the distribution of time to most recent common ancestors from these regions is similar to that observed for introgressed regions in Europeans. Additionally, we identify numerous loci that harbor signatures of local adaptation, including genes involved in immunity, metabolism, olfactory and taste perception, reproduction, and wound healing. Within the Pygmy population, we identify multiple highly differentiated loci that play a role in growth and anterior pituitary function and are associated with height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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