1
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Amor-Guéret M. Loss of cytidine deaminase expression as a potential attempt to counteract the process of carcinogenesis by reducing basal PARP-1 activity and increasing tau levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167213. [PMID: 38714266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) is a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of free cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. Our team discovered that CDA deficiency is associated with several aspects of genetic instability, such as increased sister chromatid exchange and ultrafine anaphase bridge frequencies. Based on these results, we sought (1) to determine how CDA deficiency contributes to genetic instability, (2) to explore the possible relationships between CDA deficiency and carcinogenesis, and (3) to develop a new anticancer treatment targeting CDA-deficient tumors. This review summarizes our major findings indicating that CDA deficiency is associated with a genetic instability that does not confer an increased cancer risk. In light of our results and published data, I propose a novel hypothesis that loss of CDA, by reducing basal PARP-1 activity and increasing Tau levels, may reflect an attempt to prevent, slow or reverse the process of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France.
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2
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Lumeau A, Bery N, Francès A, Gayral M, Labrousse G, Ribeyre C, Lopez C, Nevot A, El Kaoutari A, Hanoun N, Sarot E, Perrier M, Pont F, Cerapio JP, Fournié JJ, Lopez F, Madrid-Mencia M, Pancaldi V, Pillaire MJ, Bergoglio V, Torrisani J, Dusetti N, Hoffmann JS, Buscail L, Lutzmann M, Cordelier P. Cytidine Deaminase Resolves Replicative Stress and Protects Pancreatic Cancer from DNA-Targeting Drugs. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1013-1028. [PMID: 38294491 PMCID: PMC10982645 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) functions in the pyrimidine salvage pathway for DNA and RNA syntheses and has been shown to protect cancer cells from deoxycytidine-based chemotherapies. In this study, we observed that CDA was overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma from patients at baseline and was essential for experimental tumor growth. Mechanistic investigations revealed that CDA localized to replication forks where it increased replication speed, improved replication fork restart efficiency, reduced endogenous replication stress, minimized DNA breaks, and regulated genetic stability during DNA replication. In cellular pancreatic cancer models, high CDA expression correlated with resistance to DNA-damaging agents. Silencing CDA in patient-derived primary cultures in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts in vivo increased replication stress and sensitized pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells to oxaliplatin. This study sheds light on the role of CDA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, offering insights into how this tumor type modulates replication stress. These findings suggest that CDA expression could potentially predict therapeutic efficacy and that targeting CDA induces intolerable levels of replication stress in cancer cells, particularly when combined with DNA-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Cytidine deaminase reduces replication stress and regulates DNA replication to confer resistance to DNA-damaging drugs in pancreatic cancer, unveiling a molecular vulnerability that could enhance treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Lumeau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Bery
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Francès
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Gayral
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Labrousse
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Ribeyre
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlene Lopez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Adele Nevot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Naima Hanoun
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Sarot
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Perrier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Pont
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan-Pablo Cerapio
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Miguel Madrid-Mencia
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jerome Torrisani
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sebastien Hoffmann
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Toulouse Cancer (TOUCAN), Laboratoire de pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Service de gastroentérologie et d'hépatologie, CHU Rangueil, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Malik Lutzmann
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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3
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Forer A, Otsuka S. Structural evidence for elastic tethers connecting separating chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302303. [PMID: 37591724 PMCID: PMC10435969 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Different types of anaphase bridges are reported to form between segregating chromosomes during cell division. Previous studies using laser microsurgery suggested that elastic tethers connect the telomeres of separating anaphase chromosomes in many animal meiotic and mitotic cells. However, structural evidence is lacking for their existence. In this study, by correlating live imaging with electron tomography, we examined whether visible structures connect separating telomeres in meiosis I of crane-fly primary spermatocytes. We found structures extending between separating telomeres in all stages of anaphase. The structures consist of two components: one is darkly stained, looking somewhat like chromatin, whereas the other is more lightly stained, appearing filamentous. Although in early anaphase both structures extend between telomeres, in later anaphase, the darker structure extends shorter distances from the telomeres but the lighter structure still extends between the separating telomeres. From these observations, we deduced that these structures represent the "tethers" inferred from the laser-cutting experiments. Because elastic tethers have been detected in a variety of animal cells, they probably are present during anaphase in all animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Forer
- Biology Department, York University, North York, Canada
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter Campus, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Gao S, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhu C, Liu X, Wang W, Gan L, Lu Y, Schaarschmidt F, Herde M, Witte CP, Chen M. Pyrimidine catabolism is required to prevent the accumulation of 5-methyluridine in RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7451-7464. [PMID: 37334828 PMCID: PMC10415118 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Methylated cytosine is a frequent modification in eukaryotic RNA and DNA influencing mRNA stability and gene expression. Here we show that free 5-methylcytidine (5mC) and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine are generated from nucleic acid turnover in Arabidopsis thaliana, and elucidate how these cytidines are degraded, which is unclear in eukaryotes. First CYTIDINE DEAMINASE produces 5-methyluridine (5mU) and thymidine which are subsequently hydrolyzed by NUCLEOSIDE HYDROLASE 1 (NSH1) to thymine and ribose or deoxyribose. Interestingly, far more thymine is generated from RNA than from DNA turnover, and most 5mU is directly released from RNA without a 5mC intermediate, since 5-methylated uridine (m5U) is an abundant RNA modification (m5U/U ∼1%) in Arabidopsis. We show that m5U is introduced mainly by tRNA-SPECIFIC METHYLTRANSFERASE 2A and 2B. Genetic disruption of 5mU degradation in the NSH1 mutant causes m5U to occur in mRNA and results in reduced seedling growth, which is aggravated by external 5mU supplementation, also leading to more m5U in all RNA species. Given the similarities between pyrimidine catabolism in plants, mammals and other eukaryotes, we hypothesize that the removal of 5mU is an important function of pyrimidine degradation in many organisms, which in plants serves to protect RNA from stochastic m5U modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Changhua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lijun Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanwu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Frank Schaarschmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mingjia Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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5
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Onclercq-Delic R, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Leboucher S, Larcher T, Ledevin M, Machon C, Guitton J, Amor-Guéret M. Cytidine deaminase deficiency in mice enhances genetic instability but limits the number of chemically induced colon tumors. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216030. [PMID: 36496104 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) catalyzes the deamination of cytidine (C) and deoxycytidine (dC) to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. We recently showed that CDA deficiency leads to genomic instability, a hallmark of cancers. We therefore investigated whether constitutive CDA inactivation conferred a predisposition to cancer development. We developed a novel mouse model of Cda deficiency by generating Cda-knockout mice. Cda+/+ and Cda-/- mice did not differ in lifetime phenotypic or behavioral characteristics, or in the frequency or type of spontaneous cancers. However, the frequency of chemically induced tumors in the colon was significantly lower in Cda-/- mice. An analysis of primary kidney cells from Cda-/- mice revealed an excess of C and dC associated with significantly higher frequencies of sister chromatid exchange and ultrafine anaphase bridges and lower Parp-1 activity than in Cda+/+ cells. Our results suggest that, despite inducing genetic instability, an absence of Cda limits the number of chemically induced tumors. These results raise questions about whether a decrease in basal Parp-1 activity can protect against inflammation-driven tumorigenesis; we discuss our findings in light of published data for the Parp-1-deficient mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Christelle Machon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.
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6
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Ragupathi A, Singh M, Perez AM, Zhang D. Targeting the BRCA1/ 2 deficient cancer with PARP inhibitors: Clinical outcomes and mechanistic insights. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1133472. [PMID: 37035242 PMCID: PMC10073599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1133472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 play a critical role in a variety of molecular processes related to DNA metabolism, including homologous recombination and mediating the replication stress response. Individuals with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes have a significantly higher risk of developing various types of cancers, especially cancers of the breast, ovary, pancreas, and prostate. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four PARP inhibitors (PARPi) to treat cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. In this review, we will first summarize the clinical outcomes of the four FDA-approved PARPi in treating BRCA1/2 deficient cancers. We will then discuss evidence supporting the hypothesis that the cytotoxic effect of PARPi is likely due to inducing excessive replication stress at the difficult-to-replicate (DTR) genomic regions in BRCA1/2 mutated tumors. Finally, we will discuss the ongoing preclinical and clinical studies on how to combine the PARPi with immuno-oncology drugs to further improve clinical outcomes.
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7
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Cytidine deaminase activity increases in the blood of breast cancer patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14062. [PMID: 35982128 PMCID: PMC9388666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA), an enzyme of the pyrimidine salvage pathway, deaminates cytidine, deoxycytidine and analogs, such as gemcitabine. Constitutive low levels of CDA activity have been reported in the blood of patients with hematological malignancies or suffering from gemcitabine toxicity. We previously reported that cellular CDA deficiency leads to genetic instability. We therefore hypothesized that constitutive CDA deficiency might confer a predisposition to cancer. We analyzed CDA activity and expression in blood samples from breast cancer (BC) patients with a suspected predisposition to the disease, and in healthy controls. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that both CDA activity and mRNA levels were higher in blood samples from BC patients than in those from controls, and that this difference was not due to excess neutrophils. CDA activity levels were significantly higher in the serum samples of BC patients treated by radiotherapy (RT) than in those of untreated healthy controls, and hormone therapy in RT-treated BC patients was associated with significantly lower levels of CDA activity. A preliminary analysis of CDA activity in the serum of the very few BC patients who had undergone no treatment other than surgery suggested that the increase in CDA activity might be due to the breast cancer itself. Our findings raise important questions, which should lead to studies to elucidate the origin and significance of the increase in CDA activity in the serum of BC patients, and the impact of hormone therapy.
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8
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Mameri H, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Fontaine G, Corcelle C, Barette C, Onclercq-Delic R, Beauvineau C, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Amor-Guéret M. Cytidine deaminase deficiency in tumor cells is associated with sensitivity to a naphthol derivative and a decrease in oncometabolite levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:465. [PMID: 35925417 PMCID: PMC9352748 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying new molecular targets for novel anticancer treatments is a major challenge in clinical cancer research. We have shown that cytidine deaminase (CDA) expression is downregulated in about 60% of cancer cells and tissues. In this study, we aimed to develop a new anticancer treatment specifically inhibiting the growth of CDA-deficient tumor cells. High-throughput screening of a chemical library led to the identification of a naphthol derivative, X55, targeting CDA-deficient tumor cells preferentially, without affecting the growth of non-tumoral cells regardless of CDA expression status. Metabolomic profiling revealed that CDA-deficient HeLa cells differed markedly from control HeLa cells. X55 treatment had a moderate effect on control cells, but greatly disturbed the metabolome of CDA-deficient HeLa cells, worsening the deregulation of many metabolites. In particular, the levels of the three oncometabolites, fumarate, succinate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, were significantly lower in CDA-depleted cells, and this decrease in levels was exacerbated by X55 treatment, revealing an unexpected link between CDA deficiency, mitochondrial function and X55 response. Finally, we identified strong downregulation of MAPT (encoding Tau, a microtubule associated protein) expression as a reliable predictive marker for tumor cell X55 sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mameri
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.,Present address: UMR 1208 IATE, Montpellier University, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Corcelle
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM, U1196, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Barette
- CEA/IRIG/Gen & Chem, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Claire Beauvineau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM, U1196, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Florence Mahuteau-Betzer
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France. .,CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM, U1196, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9187, INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France. .,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.
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9
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Sikder S, Arunkumar G, Melters DP, Dalal Y. Breaking the aging epigenetic barrier. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943519. [PMID: 35966762 PMCID: PMC9366916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inexorable event occurring universally for all organisms characterized by the progressive loss of cell function. However, less is known about the key events occurring inside the nucleus in the process of aging. The advent of chromosome capture techniques and extensive modern sequencing technologies have illuminated a rather dynamic structure of chromatin inside the nucleus. As cells advance along their life cycle, chromatin condensation states alter which leads to a different epigenetic landscape, correlated with modified gene expression. The exact factors mediating these changes in the chromatin structure and function remain elusive in the context of aging cells. The accumulation of DNA damage, reactive oxygen species and loss of genomic integrity as cells cease to divide can contribute to a tumor stimulating environment. In this review, we focus on genomic and epigenomic changes occurring in an aged cell which can contribute to age-related tumor formation.
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10
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Brustel J, Muramoto T, Fumimoto K, Ellins J, Pears CJ, Lakin ND. Linking DNA repair and cell cycle progression through serine ADP-ribosylation of histones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:185. [PMID: 35027540 PMCID: PMC8758696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although serine ADP-ribosylation (Ser-ADPr) by Poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerases is a cornerstone of the DNA damage response, how this regulates DNA repair and genome stability is unknown. Here, we exploit the ability to manipulate histone genes in Dictyostelium to identify that ADPr of the histone variant H3b at S10 and S28 maintains genome stability by integrating double strand break (DSB) repair with mitotic entry. Given the critical requirement for mitotic H3S10/28 phosphorylation, we develop separation of function mutations that maintain S10 phosphorylation whilst disrupting ADPr. Mechanistically, this reveals a requirement for H3bS10/28 ADPr in non-homologous end-joining by recruiting Ku to DSBs. Moreover, this also identifies H3bS10/S28 ADPr is critical to prevent premature mitotic entry with unresolved DNA damage, thus maintaining genome stability. Together, these data demonstrate how serine ADPr of histones coordinates DNA repair with cell cycle progression to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Brustel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Tetsuya Muramoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fumimoto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jessica Ellins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas D Lakin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
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11
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Chanboonyasitt P, Chan YW. Regulation of mitotic chromosome architecture and resolution of ultrafine anaphase bridges by PICH. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2077-2090. [PMID: 34530686 PMCID: PMC8565832 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1970877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure genome stability, chromosomes need to undergo proper condensation into two linked sister chromatids from prophase to prometaphase, followed by equal segregation at anaphase. Emerging evidence has shown that persistent DNA entanglements connecting the sister chromatids lead to the formation of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs). If UFBs are not resolved soon after anaphase, they can induce chromosome missegregation. PICH (PLK1-interacting checkpoint helicase) is a DNA translocase that localizes on chromosome arms, centromeres and UFBs. It plays multiple essential roles in mitotic chromosome organization and segregation. PICH also recruits other associated proteins to UFBs, and together they mediate UFB resolution. Here, the proposed mechanism behind PICH's functions in chromosome organization and UFB resolution will be discussed. We summarize the regulation of PICH action at chromosome arms and centromeres, how PICH recognizes UFBs and recruits other UFB-associated factors, and finally how PICH promotes UFB resolution together with other DNA processing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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12
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Ababou M. Bloom syndrome and the underlying causes of genetic instability. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:35-48. [PMID: 33736941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal hereditary recessive diseases characterized by genetic instability are often associated with cancer predisposition. Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare genetic disorder, with <300 cases reported worldwide, combines both. Indeed, patients with Bloom's syndrome are 150 to 300 times more likely to develop cancers than normal individuals. The wide spectrum of cancers developed by BS patients suggests that early initial events occur in BS cells which may also be involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the general population and these may be common to several cancers. BS is caused by mutations of both copies of the BLM gene, encoding the RecQ BLM helicase. This review discusses the different aspects of BS and the different cellular functions of BLM in genome surveillance and maintenance through its major roles during DNA replication, repair, and transcription. BLM's activities are essential for the stabilization of centromeric, telomeric and ribosomal DNA sequences, and the regulation of innate immunity. One of the key objectives of this work is to establish a link between BLM functions and the main clinical phenotypes observed in BS patients, as well as to shed new light on the correlation between the genetic instability and diseases such as immunodeficiency and cancer. The different potential implications of the BLM helicase in the tumorigenic process and the use of BLM as new potential target in the field of cancer treatment are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Ababou
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco; Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
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13
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Yagüe-Capilla M, Castillo-Acosta VM, Bosch-Navarrete C, Ruiz-Pérez LM, González-Pacanowska D. A Mitochondrial Orthologue of the dNTP Triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 Is Essential and Controls Pyrimidine Homeostasis in Trypanosoma brucei. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:318-332. [PMID: 33417760 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) homeostasis through synthesis and degradation is critical for accurate genomic and mitochondrial DNA replication fidelity. Trypanosoma brucei makes use of both the salvage and de novo pathways for the provision of pyrimidine dNTPs. In this respect, the sterile α motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) appears to be the most relevant dNTPase controlling dNTP/deoxynucleoside homeostasis in mammalian cells. Here, we have characterized the role of a unique trypanosomal SAMHD1 orthologue denominated TbHD52. Our results show that TbHD52 is a mitochondrial enzyme essential in bloodstream forms of T. brucei. Knockout cells are pyrimidine auxotrophs that exhibit strong defects in genomic integrity, cell cycle progression, and nuclear DNA and kinetoplast segregation in the absence of extracellular thymidine. The lack of TbHD52 can be counteracted by the overexpression of human dCMP deaminase, an enzyme that is directly involved in dUMP formation yet absent in trypanosomes. Furthermore, the cellular dNTP quantification and metabolomic analysis of TbHD52 null mutants revealed perturbations in the nucleotide metabolism with a substantial accumulation of dCTP and cytosine-derived metabolites while dTTP formation was significantly reduced. We propose that this HD-domain-containing protein unique to kinetoplastids plays an essential role in pyrimidine dNTP homeostasis and contributes to the provision of deoxycytidine required for cellular dTTP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Castillo-Acosta
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain
| | - Cristina Bosch-Navarrete
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla (Granada) 18016, Spain
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14
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Abstract
Ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs) result from a defect in sister chromatid segregation during anaphase. They arise from particular DNA structures, mostly generated at specific loci in the human genome, such as centromeres, common fragile sites, telomeres, or ribosomal DNA. Increases in UFB frequency are a marker of genetic instability, and their detection has become a classic way of detecting such genetic instability over the last decade. Here we describe a protocol to stain different types of UFBs in adherent human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, Orsay, France.
- CNRS UMR 3348, Paris Saclay University, Institut Curie, Research Center, Orsay, France.
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15
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Kite E, Forer A. The role of phosphorylation in the elasticity of the tethers that connect telomeres of separating anaphase chromosomes. Nucleus 2020; 11:19-31. [PMID: 31948316 PMCID: PMC6973318 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2019.1710329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic tethers, connecting telomeres of all separating anaphase chromosome pairs, lose elasticity when they lengthen during anaphase. Treatment with phosphatase inhibitor CalyculinA causes anaphase chromosomes to move backwards after they reach the poles, suggesting that dephosphorylation causes loss of tether elasticity. We added 50nM CalyculinA to living anaphase crane-fly spermatocytes with different length tethers. When tethers were short, almost all partner chromosomes moved backwards after nearing the poles. When tethers were longer, fewer chromosomes moved backwards. With yet longer tethers none moved backward. This is consistent with tether elasticity being lost by dephosphorylation. 50nM CalyculinA blocks both PP1 and PP2A. To distinguish between PP1 and PP2A we treated cells with short tethers with 50nM okadaic acid which blocks solely PP2A, or with 1µM okadaic acid which blocks both PP1 and PP2A. Only 1µM okadaic acid caused chromosomes to move backward. Thus, tether elasticity is lost because of dephosphorylation by PP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Kite
- Biology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Forer
- Biology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Silveira SC, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Onclercq-Delic R, Gemble S, Bou Samra E, Mameri H, Duchambon P, Machon C, Guitton J, Amor-Guéret M. A decrease in NAMPT activity impairs basal PARP-1 activity in cytidine deaminase deficient-cells, independently of NAD .. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13907. [PMID: 32807821 PMCID: PMC7431583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency causes pyrimidine pool disequilibrium. We previously reported that the excess cellular dC and dCTP resulting from CDA deficiency jeopardizes genome stability, decreasing basal poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity and increasing ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying the decrease in PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells. PARP-1 activity is dependent on intracellular NAD+ concentration. We therefore hypothesized that defects of the NAD+ salvage pathway might result in decreases in PARP-1 activity. We found that the inhibition or depletion of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage biosynthesis pathway, mimicked CDA deficiency, resulting in a decrease in basal PARP-1 activity, regardless of NAD+ levels. Furthermore, the expression of exogenous wild-type NAMPT fully restored basal PARP-1 activity and prevented the increase in UFB frequency in CDA-deficient cells. No such effect was observed with the catalytic mutant. Our findings demonstrate that (1) the inhibition of NAMPT activity in CDA-proficient cells lowers basal PARP-1 activity, and (2) the expression of exogenous wild-type NAMPT, but not of the catalytic mutant, fully restores basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells; these results strongly suggest that basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells decreases due to a reduction of NAMPT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cunha Silveira
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Elias Bou Samra
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Hamza Mameri
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Duchambon
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75248, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 9187 - INSERM U1196, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France.,Laboratoire de Toxicologie, ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, UMR 3348, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France. .,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre Universitaire, UMR 3348, 91405, Orsay, France.
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17
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Forer A, Berns MW. Elastic Tethers Between Separating Anaphase Chromosomes Regulate the Poleward Speeds of the Attached Chromosomes in Crane-Fly Spermatocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:161. [PMID: 32850955 PMCID: PMC7405647 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastic "tethers" connect separating anaphase chromosomes in most (or all) animal cells. We tested whether tethers are involved in coordinating movements of separating anaphase chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes. In these cells the coupled movements of separating chromosomes become uncoupled after the tethers are severed by laser microbeam irradiation of the interzone region between the chromosomes (Sheykhani et al., 2017). While this strongly suggests that tethers are involved with coordinating the poleward chromosome movements, the experiments are open to another interpretation: laser irradiations that cut the tethers also might damage something else in the interzone, and those non-tether components might regulate chromosome movements. In the experiments reported herein we distinguish between those two possibilities by disabling the tethers without cutting the interzone. We cut the arms from individual chromosomes, thereby severing the mechanical connection between separating chromosomes, disconnecting them, without damaging components in the interzone. Disabling tethers in this way uncoupled the movements of the separating chromosomes. We thus conclude that tethers are involved in regulating the speeds of separating anaphase chromosomes in crane-fly spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Forer
- Biology Department, York University, North York, ON, Canada
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Department of Surgery, Biomedical Engineering and Developmental and Cell Biology, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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18
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Gemble S, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Onclercq-Delic R, Fontaine G, Lambert S, Amor-Guéret M. Topoisomerase IIα prevents ultrafine anaphase bridges by two mechanisms. Open Biol 2020; 10:190259. [PMID: 32400307 PMCID: PMC7276528 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), a well-conserved double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-specific decatenase, processes dsDNA catenanes resulting from DNA replication during mitosis. Topo IIα defects lead to an accumulation of ultrafine anaphase bridges (UFBs), a type of chromosome non-disjunction. Topo IIα has been reported to resolve DNA anaphase threads, possibly accounting for the increase in UFB frequency upon Topo IIα inhibition. We hypothesized that the excess UFBs might also result, at least in part, from an impairment of the prevention of UFB formation by Topo IIα. We found that Topo IIα inhibition promotes UFB formation without affecting the global disappearance of UFBs during mitosis, but leads to an aberrant UFB resolution generating DNA damage within the next G1. Moreover, we demonstrated that Topo IIα inhibition promotes the formation of two types of UFBs depending on cell cycle phase. Topo IIα inhibition during S-phase compromises complete DNA replication, leading to the formation of UFB-containing unreplicated DNA, whereas Topo IIα inhibition during mitosis impedes DNA decatenation at metaphase–anaphase transition, leading to the formation of UFB-containing DNA catenanes. Thus, Topo IIα activity is essential to prevent UFB formation in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and to promote DNA damage-free resolution of UFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Sarah Lambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Saclay, UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
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19
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Abstract
In this review, Slade provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. The author also highlights the clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discusses the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy. Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Huang CY, Yagüe-Capilla M, González-Pacanowska D, Chang ZF. Quantitation of deoxynucleoside triphosphates by click reactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:611. [PMID: 31953472 PMCID: PMC6969045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are under strict control in the cell, as improper or imbalanced dNTP pools may lead to growth defects and oncogenesis. Upon treatment of cancer cells with therapeutic agents, changes in the canonical dNTPs levels may provide critical information for evaluating drug response and mode of action. The radioisotope-labeling enzymatic assay has been commonly used for quantitation of cellular dNTP levels. However, the disadvantage of this method is the handling of biohazard materials. Here, we described the use of click chemistry to replace radioisotope-labeling in template-dependent DNA polymerization for quantitation of the four canonical dNTPs. Specific oligomers were designed for dCTP, dTTP, dATP and dGTP measurement, and the incorporation of 5-ethynyl-dUTP or C8-alkyne-dCTP during the polymerization reaction allowed for fluorophore conjugation on immobilized oligonucleotides. The four reactions gave a linear correlation coefficient >0.99 in the range of the concentration of dNTPs present in 106 cells, with little interference of cellular rNTPs. We present evidence indicating that data generated by this methodology is comparable to radioisotope-labeling data. Furthermore, the design and utilization of a robust microplate assay based on this technology evidenced the modulation of dNTPs in response to different chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra" (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Zee-Fen Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan, ROC. .,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Frances A, Cordelier P. The Emerging Role of Cytidine Deaminase in Human Diseases: A New Opportunity for Therapy? Mol Ther 2019; 28:357-366. [PMID: 31870623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recycling activity of cytidine deaminase (CDA) within the pyrimidine salvage pathway is essential to DNA and RNA synthesis. As such, CDA deficiency can lead to replicative stress, notably in Bloom syndrome. Alternatively, CDA also can deaminate cytidine and deoxycytidine analog-based therapies, such as gemcitabine. Thus, CDA overexpression is often associated with lower systemic, chemotherapy-related, adverse effects but also with resistance to treatment. Considering the increasing interest of CDA in cancer chemoresistance, the aims of this review are to describe CDA structure, regulation of expression, and activity, and to report the therapeutic strategies based on CDA expression that recently emerged for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Frances
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSERM, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.
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22
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Abstract
Mitosis ensures accurate segregation of duplicated DNA through tight regulation of chromosome condensation, bipolar spindle assembly, chromosome alignment in the metaphase plate, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), in particular PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, PARP5a (TNKS1), as well as poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), regulate different mitotic functions, including centrosome function, mitotic spindle assembly, mitotic checkpoints, telomere length and telomere cohesion. PARP depletion or inhibition give rise to various mitotic defects such as centrosome amplification, multipolar spindles, chromosome misalignment, premature loss of cohesion, metaphase arrest, anaphase DNA bridges, lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei. As the mechanisms of PARP1/2 inhibitor-mediated cell death are being progressively elucidated, it is becoming clear that mitotic defects caused by PARP1/2 inhibition arise due to replication stress and DNA damage in S phase. As it stands, entrapment of inactive PARP1/2 on DNA phenocopies replication stress through accumulation of unresolved replication intermediates, double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) and incorrectly repaired DSBs, which can be transmitted from S phase to mitosis and instigate various mitotic defects, giving rise to both numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations. Cancer cells have increased levels of replication stress, which makes them particularly susceptible to a combination of agents that compromise replication fork stability. Indeed, combining PARP1/2 inhibitors with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair pathways, DNA-damaging agents, ATR and other cell cycle checkpoint inhibitors has yielded synergistic effects in killing cancer cells. Here I provide a comprehensive overview of the mitotic functions of PARPs and PARG, mitotic phenotypes induced by their depletion or inhibition, as well as the therapeutic relevance of targeting mitotic cells by directly interfering with mitotic functions or indirectly through replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Gratia M, Rodero MP, Conrad C, Bou Samra E, Maurin M, Rice GI, Duffy D, Revy P, Petit F, Dale RC, Crow YJ, Amor-Gueret M, Manel N. Bloom syndrome protein restrains innate immune sensing of micronuclei by cGAS. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1199-1213. [PMID: 30936263 PMCID: PMC6504208 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular innate immune sensors of DNA are essential for host defense against invading pathogens. However, the presence of self-DNA inside cells poses a risk of triggering unchecked immune responses. The mechanisms limiting induction of inflammation by self-DNA are poorly understood. BLM RecQ-like helicase is essential for genome integrity and is deficient in Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare genetic disease characterized by genome instability, accumulation of micronuclei, susceptibility to cancer, and immunodeficiency. Here, we show that BLM-deficient fibroblasts show constitutive up-regulation of inflammatory interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, which is mediated by the cGAS-STING-IRF3 cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. Increased DNA damage or down-regulation of the cytoplasmic exonuclease TREX1 enhances ISG expression in BLM-deficient fibroblasts. cGAS-containing cytoplasmic micronuclei are increased in BS cells. Finally, BS patients demonstrate elevated ISG expression in peripheral blood. These results reveal that BLM limits ISG induction, thus connecting DNA damage to cellular innate immune response, which may contribute to human pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Gratia
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U932, Paris, France,Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Orsay, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu P. Rodero
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Conrad
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Elias Bou Samra
- Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Orsay, France,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U932, Paris, France
| | - Gillian I. Rice
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Revy
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Russell C. Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yanick J. Crow
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1163, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Neuroinflammation, Institut Imagine, Paris, France,Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Yanick J. Crow:
| | - Mounira Amor-Gueret
- Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Orsay, France .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Immunity and Cancer Department, Institut Curie, Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres Research University, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale U932, Paris, France
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24
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Cao L, Weetall M, Trotta C, Cintron K, Ma J, Kim MJ, Furia B, Romfo C, Graci JD, Li W, Du J, Sheedy J, Hedrick J, Risher N, Yeh S, Qi H, Arasu T, Hwang S, Lennox W, Kong R, Petruska J, Moon YC, Babiak J, Davis TW, Jacobson A, Almstead NG, Branstrom A, Colacino JM, Peltz SW. Targeting of Hematologic Malignancies with PTC299, A Novel Potent Inhibitor of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase with Favorable Pharmaceutical Properties. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:3-16. [PMID: 30352802 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PTC299 was identified as an inhibitor of VEGFA mRNA translation in a phenotypic screen and evaluated in the clinic for treatment of solid tumors. To guide precision cancer treatment, we performed extensive biological characterization of the activity of PTC299 and demonstrated that inhibition of VEGF production and cell proliferation by PTC299 is linked to a decrease in uridine nucleotides by targeting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a rate-limiting enzyme for de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. Unlike previously reported DHODH inhibitors that were identified using in vitro enzyme assays, PTC299 is a more potent inhibitor of DHODH in isolated mitochondria suggesting that mitochondrial membrane lipid engagement in the DHODH conformation in situ is required for its optimal activity. PTC299 has broad and potent activity against hematologic cancer cells in preclinical models, reflecting a reduced pyrimidine nucleotide salvage pathway in leukemia cells. Archived serum samples from patients treated with PTC299 demonstrated increased levels of dihydroorotate, the substrate of DHODH, indicating target engagement in patients. PTC299 has advantages over previously reported DHODH inhibitors, including greater potency, good oral bioavailability, and lack of off-target kinase inhibition and myelosuppression, and thus may be useful for the targeted treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxian Cao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey.
| | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Jiyuan Ma
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Min Jung Kim
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Bansri Furia
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Charles Romfo
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Jason D Graci
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Wencheng Li
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Joshua Du
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | | | - Jean Hedrick
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Nicole Risher
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Shirley Yeh
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Hongyan Qi
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | - Tamil Arasu
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Ronald Kong
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | | | | | - John Babiak
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
| | | | - Allan Jacobson
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Art Branstrom
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, New Jersey
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25
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Do Gametes Woo? Evidence for Their Nonrandom Union at Fertilization. Genetics 2018; 207:369-387. [PMID: 28978771 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental tenet of inheritance in sexually reproducing organisms such as humans and laboratory mice is that gametes combine randomly at fertilization, thereby ensuring a balanced and statistically predictable representation of inherited variants in each generation. This principle is encapsulated in Mendel's First Law. But exceptions are known. With transmission ratio distortion, particular alleles are preferentially transmitted to offspring. Preferential transmission usually occurs in one sex but not both, and is not known to require interactions between gametes at fertilization. A reanalysis of our published work in mice and of data in other published reports revealed instances where any of 12 mutant genes biases fertilization, with either too many or too few heterozygotes and homozygotes, depending on the mutant gene and on dietary conditions. Although such deviations are usually attributed to embryonic lethality of the underrepresented genotypes, the evidence is more consistent with genetically-determined preferences for specific combinations of egg and sperm at fertilization that result in genotype bias without embryo loss. This unexpected discovery of genetically-biased fertilization could yield insights about the molecular and cellular interactions between sperm and egg at fertilization, with implications for our understanding of inheritance, reproduction, population genetics, and medical genetics.
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26
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A role for Tau protein in maintaining ribosomal DNA stability and cytidine deaminase-deficient cell survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:693. [PMID: 28947735 PMCID: PMC5612969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells from Bloom’s syndrome patients display genome instability due to a defective BLM and the downregulation of cytidine deaminase. Here, we use a genome-wide RNAi-synthetic lethal screen and transcriptomic profiling to identify genes enabling BLM-deficient and/or cytidine deaminase-deficient cells to tolerate constitutive DNA damage and replication stress. We found a synthetic lethal interaction between cytidine deaminase and microtubule-associated protein Tau deficiencies. Tau is overexpressed in cytidine deaminase-deficient cells, and its depletion worsens genome instability, compromising cell survival. Tau is recruited, along with upstream-binding factor, to ribosomal DNA loci. Tau downregulation decreases upstream binding factor recruitment, ribosomal RNA synthesis, ribonucleotide levels, and affects ribosomal DNA stability, leading to the formation of a new subclass of human ribosomal ultrafine anaphase bridges. We describe here Tau functions in maintaining survival of cytidine deaminase-deficient cells, and ribosomal DNA transcription and stability. Moreover, our findings for cancer tissues presenting concomitant cytidine deaminase underexpression and Tau upregulation open up new possibilities for anti-cancer treatment. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency leads to genome instability. Here the authors find a synthetic lethal interaction between CDA and the microtubule-associated protein Tau deficiencies, and report that Tau depletion affects rRNA synthesis, ribonucleotide pool balance, and rDNA stability.
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27
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Hoffmann JS, Cordelier P. Proper sister chromatid disjunction requires CDA and PARP-1. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1239-1240. [PMID: 28598299 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1326767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- a Equipe « Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer», Laboratoire d'excellence TOUCAN , INSERM U 1037; CNRS ERL 5294; CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse) , Oncopole , Toulouse , France.,b Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse III , Toulouse , France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- a Equipe « Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer», Laboratoire d'excellence TOUCAN , INSERM U 1037; CNRS ERL 5294; CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse) , Oncopole , Toulouse , France.,b Université Paul Sabatier, University of Toulouse III , Toulouse , France
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28
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Gemble S, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Onclercq-Delic R, Jaulin C, Amor-Guéret M. Cytidine deaminase deficiency impairs sister chromatid disjunction by decreasing PARP-1 activity. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1128-1135. [PMID: 28463527 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1317413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloom Syndrome (BS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by high levels of chromosomal instability and an increase in cancer risk. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) expression is downregulated in BS cells, leading to an excess of cellular dC and dCTP that reduces basal PARP-1 activity, compromising optimal Chk1 activation and reducing the efficiency of downstream checkpoints. This process leads to the accumulation of unreplicated DNA during mitosis and, ultimately, ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. BS cells also display incomplete sister chromatid disjunction when depleted of cohesin. Using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome spreads, we investigated the possible role of CDA deficiency in the incomplete sister chromatid disjunction in cohesin-depleted BS cells. The decrease in basal PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells compromised sister chromatid disjunction in cohesin-depleted cells, regardless of BLM expression status. The observed incomplete sister chromatid disjunction may be due to the accumulation of unreplicated DNA during mitosis in CDA-deficient cells, as reflected in the changes in centromeric DNA structure associated with the decrease in basal PARP-1 activity. Our findings reveal a new function of PARP-1 in sister chromatid disjunction during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche , Orsay , France.,b CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire , Orsay , France.,c Université Paris Sud , Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay , France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche , Orsay , France.,b CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire , Orsay , France.,c Université Paris Sud , Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay , France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche , Orsay , France.,b CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire , Orsay , France.,c Université Paris Sud , Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay , France
| | - Christian Jaulin
- d Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Equipe Epigénétique et Cancer, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université Rennes 1 , Rennes Cedex , France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- a Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche , Orsay , France.,b CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire , Orsay , France.,c Université Paris Sud , Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay , France
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29
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Wang L. Mitochondrial purine and pyrimidine metabolism and beyond. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 35:578-594. [PMID: 27906631 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2015.1125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carefully balanced deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools are essential for both nuclear and mitochondrial genome replication and repair. Two synthetic pathways operate in cells to produce dNTPs, e.g., the de novo and the salvage pathways. The key regulatory enzymes for de novo synthesis are ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and thymidylate synthase (TS), and this process is considered to be cytosolic. The salvage pathway operates both in the cytosol (TK1 and dCK) and the mitochondria (TK2 and dGK). Mitochondrial dNTP pools are separated from the cytosolic ones owing to the double membrane structure of the mitochondria, and are formed by the salvage enzymes TK2 and dGK together with NMPKs and NDPK in postmitotic tissues, while in proliferating cells the mitochondrial dNTPs are mainly imported from the cytosol produced by the cytosolic pathways. Imbalanced mitochondrial dNTP pools lead to mtDNA depletion and/or deletions resulting in serious mitochondrial diseases. The mtDNA depletion syndrome is caused by deficiencies not only in enzymes in dNTP synthesis (TK2, dGK, p53R2, and TP) and mtDNA replication (mtDNA polymerase and twinkle helicase), but also in enzymes in other metabolic pathways such as SUCLA2 and SUCLG1, ABAT and MPV17. Basic questions are why defects in these enzymes affect dNTP synthesis and how important is mitochondrial nucleotide synthesis in the whole cell/organism perspective? This review will focus on recent studies on purine and pyrimidine metabolism, which have revealed several important links that connect mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism with amino acids, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Wang
- a Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala , Sweden
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30
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Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and a common feature of human disorders, characterized by growth defects, neurodegeneration, cancer predisposition, and aging. Recent evidence has shown that DNA replication stress is a major driver of genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Cells can undergo mitosis with under-replicated DNA or unresolved DNA structures, and specific pathways are dedicated to resolving these structures during mitosis, suggesting that mitotic rescue from replication stress (MRRS) is a key process influencing genome stability and cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of MRRS following oncogene activation or loss-of-function of caretaker genes may be the cause of chromosomal aberrations that promote cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we discuss the causes and consequences of replication stress, focusing on its persistence in mitosis as well as the mechanisms and factors involved in its resolution, and the potential impact of incomplete replication or aberrant MRRS on tumorigenesis, aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Fragkos
- a CNRS UMR8200 , University Paris-Saclay , Gustave Roussy, Villejuif , France
| | - Valeria Naim
- a CNRS UMR8200 , University Paris-Saclay , Gustave Roussy, Villejuif , France
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31
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Pai CC, Kearsey SE. A Critical Balance: dNTPs and the Maintenance of Genome Stability. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8020057. [PMID: 28146119 PMCID: PMC5333046 DOI: 10.3390/genes8020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial factor in maintaining genome stability is establishing deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels within a range that is optimal for chromosomal replication. Since DNA replication is relevant to a wide range of other chromosomal activities, these may all be directly or indirectly affected when dNTP concentrations deviate from a physiologically normal range. The importance of understanding these consequences is relevant to genetic disorders that disturb dNTP levels, and strategies that inhibit dNTP synthesis in cancer chemotherapy and for treatment of other disorders. We review here how abnormal dNTP levels affect DNA replication and discuss the consequences for genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chun Pai
- CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Stephen E Kearsey
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
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32
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Bloom's syndrome: Why not premature aging?: A comparison of the BLM and WRN helicases. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:36-51. [PMID: 27238185 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer and aging. Premature aging (progeroid) syndromes are often caused by mutations in genes whose function is to ensure genomic integrity. The RecQ family of DNA helicases is highly conserved and plays crucial roles as genome caretakers. In humans, mutations in three RecQ genes - BLM, WRN, and RECQL4 - give rise to Bloom's syndrome (BS), Werner syndrome (WS), and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), respectively. WS is a prototypic premature aging disorder; however, the clinical features present in BS and RTS do not indicate accelerated aging. The BLM helicase has pivotal functions at the crossroads of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. BS cells exhibit a characteristic form of genomic instability that includes excessive homologous recombination. The excessive homologous recombination drives the development in BS of the many types of cancers that affect persons in the normal population. Replication delay and slower cell turnover rates have been proposed to explain many features of BS, such as short stature. More recently, aberrant transcriptional regulation of growth and survival genes has been proposed as a hypothesis to explain features of BS.
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33
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Mameri H, Bièche I, Meseure D, Marangoni E, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Nicolas A, Vacher S, Onclercq-Delic R, Rajapakse V, Varma S, Reinhold WC, Pommier Y, Amor-Guéret M. Cytidine Deaminase Deficiency Reveals New Therapeutic Opportunities against Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2116-2126. [PMID: 27601591 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: One of the main challenges in cancer therapy is the identification of molecular mechanisms mediating resistance or sensitivity to treatment. Cytidine deaminase (CDA) was reported to be downregulated in cells derived from patients with Bloom syndrome, a genetic disease associated with a strong predisposition to a wide range of cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether CDA deficiency could be associated with tumors from the general population and could constitute a predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs.Experimental Design: We analyzed CDA expression in silico, in large datasets for cancer cell lines and tumors and in various cancer cell lines and primary tumor tissues using IHC, PDXs, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting. We also studied the mechanism underlying CDA silencing and searched for molecules that might target specifically CDA-deficient tumor cells using in silico analysis coupled to classical cellular experimental approaches.Results: We found that CDA expression is downregulated in about 60% of cancer cells and tissues. We demonstrate that DNA methylation is a prevalent mechanism of CDA silencing in tumors. Finally, we show that CDA-deficient tumor cells can be specifically targeted with epigenetic treatments and with the anticancer drug aminoflavone.Conclusions: CDA expression status identifies new subgroups of cancers, and CDA deficiency appears to be a novel and relevant predictive marker of susceptibility to antitumor drugs, opening up new possibilities for treating cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2116-26. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mameri
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Institut Curie, Genetic Department, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Didier Meseure
- Institut Curie, Platform of Investigative Pathology, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - André Nicolas
- Institut Curie, Platform of Investigative Pathology, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Institut Curie, Genetic Department, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France.,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vinodh Rajapakse
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - William C Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France. .,CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110, 91405 Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 3348, 91405 Orsay, France
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34
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Gemble S, Buhagiar-Labarchède G, Onclercq-Delic R, Biard D, Lambert S, Amor-Guéret M. A balanced pyrimidine pool is required for optimal Chk1 activation to prevent ultrafine anaphase bridge formation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3167-77. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.187781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytidine deaminase (CDA) deficiency induces an excess of cellular dCTP, which reduces basal PARP-1 activity, thereby compromising complete DNA replication, leading to ultrafine anaphase bridge (UFB) formation. CDA dysfunction has pathological implications, notably in cancer and in Bloom syndrome. It remains unknown how reduced levels of PARP-1 activity and pyrimidine pool imbalance lead to the accumulation of unreplicated DNA during mitosis. We report that a decrease in PARP-1 activity in CDA-deficient cells impairs DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation, and, thus, the downstream checkpoints. Chemical inhibition of the ATR-Chk1 pathway leads to UFB accumulation, and we found that this pathway was compromised in CDA-deficient cells. Our data demonstrate that ATR-Chk1 acts downstream from PARP-1, preventing the accumulation of unreplicated DNA in mitosis, and, thus, UFB formation. Finally, delaying entry into mitosis is sufficient to prevent UFB formation in both CDA-deficient and CDA-proficient cells, suggesting that both physiological and pathological UFBs are derived from unreplicated DNA. Our findings demonstrate an unsuspected requirement for a balanced nucleotide pool for optimal Chk1 activation both in unchallenged cells and in response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gemble
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Buhagiar-Labarchède
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Rosine Onclercq-Delic
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Denis Biard
- CEA, DSV, iMETI, SEPIA, 18, route du Panorama. Bât. 60, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Lambert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
| | - Mounira Amor-Guéret
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR 3348, Unité Stress Génotoxiques et Cancer, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 3348, Centre Universitaire, Bât. 110. 91405, Orsay, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR3348, Centre Universitaire d'Orsay, France
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