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Karimbayli J, Pellarin I, Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Insights into the structural and functional activities of forgotten Kinases: PCTAIREs CDKs. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:135. [PMID: 38951876 PMCID: PMC11218289 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In cells, signal transduction heavily relies on the intricate regulation of protein kinases, which provide the fundamental framework for modulating most signaling pathways. Dysregulation of kinase activity has been implicated in numerous pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. The druggable nature of most kinases positions them into a focal point during the process of drug development. However, a significant challenge persists, as the role and biological function of nearly one third of human kinases remains largely unknown.Within this diverse landscape, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) emerge as an intriguing molecular subgroup. In human, this kinase family encompasses 21 members, involved in several key biological processes. Remarkably, 13 of these CDKs belong to the category of understudied kinases, and only 5 having undergone broad investigation to date. This knowledge gap underscores the pressing need to delve into the study of these kinases, starting with a comprehensive review of the less-explored ones.Here, we will focus on the PCTAIRE subfamily of CDKs, which includes CDK16, CDK17, and CDK18, arguably among the most understudied CDKs members. To contextualize PCTAIREs within the spectrum of human pathophysiology, we conducted an exhaustive review of the existing literature and examined available databases. This approach resulted in an articulate depiction of these PCTAIREs, encompassing their expression patterns, 3D configurations, mechanisms of activation, and potential functions in normal tissues and in cancer.We propose that this effort offers the possibility of identifying promising areas of future research that extend from basic research to potential clinical and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Karimbayli
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Ilenia Pellarin
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) of Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via Franco Gallini, Aviano, 33081, Italy.
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2
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Niehrs C, Da Silva F, Seidl C. Cilia as Wnt signaling organelles. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00071-0. [PMID: 38697898 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cilia and Wnt signaling have a complex relationship, wherein Wnt regulates cilia and, conversely, cilia may affect Wnt signaling. Recently, it was shown that Wnt receptors are present in flagella, primary cilia, and multicilia, where they transmit an intraciliary signal that is independent of β-catenin. Intraciliary Wnt signaling promotes ciliogenesis, affecting male fertility, adipogenesis, and mucociliary clearance. Wnt also stimulates the beating of motile cilia, highlighting that these nanomotors, too, are chemosensory. Intraciliary Wnt signaling employs a Wnt-protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) signaling axis, involving the canonical Wnt pathway's inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) to repress PP1 activity. Collectively, these findings support that cilia are Wnt signaling organelles, with implications for ciliopathies and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Buranaamnuay K. Male reproductive phenotypes of genetically altered laboratory mice ( Mus musculus): a review based on pertinent literature from the last three decades. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1272757. [PMID: 38500604 PMCID: PMC10944935 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1272757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice (Mus musculus) are preferred animals for biomedical research due to the close relationship with humans in several aspects. Therefore, mice with diverse genetic traits have been generated to mimic human characteristics of interest. Some genetically altered mouse strains, on purpose or by accident, have reproductive phenotypes and/or fertility deviating from wild-type mice. The distinct reproductive phenotypes of genetically altered male mice mentioned in this paper are grouped based on reproductive organs, beginning with the brain (i.e., the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary) that regulates sexual maturity and development, the testis where male gametes and sex steroid hormones are produced, the epididymis, the accessory sex glands, and the penis which involve in sperm maturation, storage, and ejaculation. Also, distinct characteristics of mature sperm from genetically altered mice are described here. This repository will hopefully be a valuable resource for both humans, in terms of future biomedical research, and mice, in the aspect of the establishment of optimal sperm preservation protocols for individual mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakanang Buranaamnuay
- Molecular Agricultural Biosciences Cluster, Institute of Molecular Biosciences (MB), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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4
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Raut S, Khambata K, Singh D, Balasinor NH. Dopamine receptor D2 regulates genes involved in germ cell movement and sperm motility in rat testes†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:377-390. [PMID: 37956402 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) is well associated with sperm motility; however, the physiological role of D2R present on testicular cells remains elusive. The aim of the present study is to delineate the function of testicular D2R. Serum dopamine levels were found to decrease with age, whereas testicular D2R expression increased. In rat testicular sections, D2R immunolabeling was observed in interstitial cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and mature elongated spermatids, whereas tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling was selectively detected in Leydig cells. In vitro seminiferous tubule culture following bromocriptine (D2R agonist) treatment resulted in decreased cAMP levels. Microarray identified 1077 differentially expressed genes (511 up-regulated, 566 down-regulated). The majority of differentially expressed genes were present in post-meiotic cells including early and late spermatids, and sperm. Gene ontology elucidated processes related to extra-cellular matrix to be enriched and was supported by differential expression of various collagens and laminins, thereby indicating a role of dopamine in extra-cellular matrix integrity and transport of spermatids across the seminiferous epithelium. Gene ontology and enrichment map also highlighted cell/sperm motility to be significantly enriched. Therefore, genes involved in sperm motility functions were further validated by RT-qPCR. Seven genes (Akap4, Ccnyl1, Iqcf1, Klc3, Prss55, Tbc1d21, Tl18) were significantly up-regulated, whereas four genes (Dnah1, Dnah5, Clxn, Fsip2) were significantly down-regulated by bromocriptine treatment. The bromocriptine-stimulated reduction in seminiferous tubule cyclic AMP and associated changes in spermatid gene expression suggests that dopamine regulates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis within the seminiferous epithelium, and spermatozoa motility following spermiation, as essential processes for fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanketa Raut
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Kushaan Khambata
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Nafisa H Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
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5
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Wang X, Liu R, Li S, Xia W, Guo H, Yao W, Liang X, Lu Y, Zhang H. The roles, molecular interactions, and therapeutic value of CDK16 in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114929. [PMID: 37236028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16) is an orphan "cyclin-dependent kinase" (CDK) involved in the cell cycle, vesicle trafficking, spindle orientation, skeletal myogenesis, neurite outgrowth, secretory cargo transport, spermatogenesis, glucose transportation, cell apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy. Human CDK16 is located on chromosome Xp11.3 and is related to X-linked congenital diseases. CDK16 is commonly expressed in mammalian tissues and may act as an oncoprotein. It is a PCTAIRE kinase in which Cyclin Y or its homologue, Cyclin Y-like 1, regulates activity by binding to the N- and C- terminal regions of CDK16. CDK16 plays a vital role in various cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CDK16 is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the roles and mechanisms of CDK16 in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Center, Cancer Center, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, 310014, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiping Yao
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Liang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanwei Lu
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Seidl C, Da Silva F, Zhang K, Wohlgemuth K, Omran H, Niehrs C. Mucociliary Wnt signaling promotes cilia biogenesis and beating. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1259. [PMID: 36878953 PMCID: PMC9988884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely thought that Wnt/Lrp6 signaling proceeds through the cytoplasm and that motile cilia are signaling-inert nanomotors. Contrasting both views, we here show in the mucociliary epidermis of X. tropicalis embryos that motile cilia transduce a ciliary Wnt signal that is distinct from canonical β-catenin signaling. Instead, it engages a Wnt-Gsk3-Ppp1r11-Pp1 signaling axis. Mucociliary Wnt signaling is essential for ciliogenesis and it engages Lrp6 co-receptors that localize to cilia via a VxP ciliary targeting sequence. Live-cell imaging using a ciliary Gsk3 biosensor reveals an immediate response of motile cilia to Wnt ligand. Wnt treatment stimulates ciliary beating in X. tropicalis embryos and primary human airway mucociliary epithelia. Moreover, Wnt treatment improves ciliary function in X. tropicalis ciliopathy models of male infertility and primary ciliary dyskinesia (ccdc108, gas2l2). We conclude that X. tropicalis motile cilia are Wnt signaling organelles that transduce a distinct Wnt-Pp1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Seidl
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Da Silva
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaiqing Zhang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Wohlgemuth
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of General Pediatrics, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- University Children's Hospital Muenster, Department of General Pediatrics, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Shum W, Zhang BL, Cao AS, Zhou X, Shi SM, Zhang ZY, Gu LY, Shi S. Calcium Homeostasis in the Epididymal Microenvironment: Is Extracellular Calcium a Cofactor for Matrix Gla Protein-Dependent Scavenging Regulated by Vitamins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:827940. [PMID: 35252193 PMCID: PMC8893953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.827940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the male reproductive tract, the epididymis is an essential organ for sperm maturation, in which sperm cells acquire mobility and the ability to fertilize oocytes while being stored in a protective microenvironment. Epididymal function involves a specialized luminal microenvironment established by the epithelial cells of epididymal mucosa. Low-calcium concentration is a unique feature of this epididymal luminal microenvironment, its relevance and regulation are, however, incompletely understood. In the rat epididymis, the vitamin D-related calcium-dependent TRPV6-TMEM16A channel-coupler has been shown to be involved in fluid transport, and, in a spatially complementary manner, vitamin K2-related γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP) plays an essential role in promoting calcium-dependent protein aggregation. An SNP in the human GGCX gene has been associated with asthenozoospermia. In addition, bioinformatic analysis also suggests the involvement of a vitamin B6-axis in calcium-dependent MGP-mediated protein aggregation. These findings suggest that vitamins interact with calcium homeostasis in the epididymis to ensure proper sperm maturation and male fertility. This review article discusses the regulation mechanisms of calcium homeostasis in the epididymis, and the potential role of vitamin interactions on epididymal calcium homeostasis, especially the role of matrix calcium in the epididymal lumen as a cofactor for the carboxylated MGP-mediated scavenging function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Shum
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Winnie Shum,
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Reproduction and Development Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Shang Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Meng Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Yang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lou Yi Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Gillani SQ, Reshi I, Nabi N, Un Nisa M, Sarwar Z, Bhat S, Roberts TM, Higgins JMG, Andrabi S. PCTAIRE1 promotes mitotic progression and resistance against antimitotic and apoptotic signals. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs258831. [PMID: 35044463 PMCID: PMC8918779 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PCTAIRE1 (also known as CDK16) is a serine-threonine kinase implicated in physiological processes like neuronal development, vesicle trafficking, spermatogenesis and cell proliferation. However, its exact role in cell division remains unclear. In this study, using a library screening approach, we identified PCTAIRE1 among several candidates that resisted mitotic arrest and mitotic cell death induced by polyomavirus small T (PolST) expression in mammalian cells. Our study showed that PCTAIRE1 is a mitotic kinase that localizes at centrosomes during G2 and at spindle poles as the cells enter mitosis, and then at the midbody during cytokinesis. We also report that PCTAIRE1 protein levels fluctuate through the cell cycle and reach their peak at mitosis, during which there is an increase in PCTAIRE1 phosphorylation as well. Interestingly, knockdown of PCTAIRE1 resulted in aberrant mitosis by interfering with spindle assembly and chromosome segregation. Further, we found that PCTAIRE1 promotes resistance of cancer cells to antimitotic drugs, and this underscores the significance of PCTAIRE1 as a potential drug target for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance. Taken together, these studies establish PCTAIRE1 as a critical mediator of mitotic progression and highlight its role in chemotherapeutic resistance. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irfana Reshi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Nusrat Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Misbah Un Nisa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Zarka Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sameer Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Thomas M. Roberts
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M. G. Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Shaida Andrabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
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9
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Liu BY, Zhang BL, Gao DY, Li Q, Xu XY, Shum W. Epididymal epithelial degeneration and lipid metabolism impairment account for male infertility in occludin knockout mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069319. [PMID: 36518247 PMCID: PMC9742356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Occludin (OCLN) is a tight junction protein and Ocln deletion mutation causes male infertility in mice. However, the role of OCLN in male reproductive system remains unknown. In this study, we used an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism of male infertility in related to OCLN function, including Ocln knockout mice as well as a combined omics analysis and immunofluorescent labelling. Our results showed that the epididymis of Ocln-null mice displayed a phenomenon resembling epididymal sperm granuloma, which occurred especially in the junctional region between caput and corpus epididymidis. Sperm motility and fertilisation capacity were also impaired in these Ocln-null mice, accompanied by enlarged tubules in the proximal regions and degeneration in the distal regions of epididymis. Cellular localization analysis showed that OCLN immunofluorescence was enriched only in the apical junction of epithelial principal cells in the proximal regions of epididymis. Integrative omics analysis revealed the downregulation of gene clusters enriched in acid secretion and fatty acid metabolism in the Ocln-null epididymis, especially the enzymes related to the unsaturated arachidonic acid pathway. The number of proton-pump V-ATPase-expression clear cells, a key player of luminal acidification in the epididymis, declined drastically from prepubertal age before sperm arrival but not in the early postnatal age. This was accompanied by programmed cell death of clear cells and increased pH in the epididymal fluid of OCLN-deficient mice. The lipidomics results showed significantly increased levels of specific DAGs conjugated to unsaturated fatty acids in the Ocln-mutant. Immunofluorescent labelling showed that the arachidonic acid converting enzyme PTGDS and phospholipase PLA2g12a were prominently altered in the principal cells and luminal contents of the Ocln-mutant epididymis. Whereas the carboxylate ester lipase CES1, originally enriched in the WT basal cells, was found upregulated in the Ocln-mutant principal cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that OCLN is essential for maintaining caput-to-corpus epithelial integrity, survival of acid-secreting clear cells, and unsaturated fatty acid catabolism in the mouse epididymis, thereby ensuring sperm maturation and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ying Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Yuan Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie Shum
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Winnie Shum,
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10
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Freeman-Cook K, Hoffman RL, Miller N, Almaden J, Chionis J, Zhang Q, Eisele K, Liu C, Zhang C, Huser N, Nguyen L, Costa-Jones C, Niessen S, Carelli J, Lapek J, Weinrich SL, Wei P, McMillan E, Wilson E, Wang TS, McTigue M, Ferre RA, He YA, Ninkovic S, Behenna D, Tran KT, Sutton S, Nagata A, Ornelas MA, Kephart SE, Zehnder LR, Murray B, Xu M, Solowiej JE, Visswanathan R, Boras B, Looper D, Lee N, Bienkowska JR, Zhu Z, Kan Z, Ding Y, Mu XJ, Oderup C, Salek-Ardakani S, White MA, VanArsdale T, Dann SG. Expanding control of the tumor cell cycle with a CDK2/4/6 inhibitor. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:1404-1421.e11. [PMID: 34520734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib (PAL), significantly improves progression-free survival in HR+/HER2- breast cancer when combined with anti-hormonals. We sought to discover PAL resistance mechanisms in preclinical models and through analysis of clinical transcriptome specimens, which coalesced on induction of MYC oncogene and Cyclin E/CDK2 activity. We propose that targeting the G1 kinases CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6 with a small-molecule overcomes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition. We describe the pharmacodynamics and efficacy of PF-06873600 (PF3600), a pyridopyrimidine with potent inhibition of CDK2/4/6 activity and efficacy in multiple in vivo tumor models. Together with the clinical analysis, MYC activity predicts (PF3600) efficacy across multiple cell lineages. Finally, we find that CDK2/4/6 inhibition does not compromise tumor-specific immune checkpoint blockade responses in syngeneic models. We anticipate that (PF3600), currently in phase 1 clinical trials, offers a therapeutic option to cancer patients in whom CDK4/6 inhibition is insufficient to alter disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Freeman-Cook
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Robert L Hoffman
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nichol Miller
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jonathan Almaden
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Chionis
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Koleen Eisele
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Chaoting Liu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cathy Zhang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nanni Huser
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cinthia Costa-Jones
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jordan Carelli
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John Lapek
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott L Weinrich
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMillan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Tim S Wang
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michele McTigue
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rose Ann Ferre
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - You-Ai He
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sacha Ninkovic
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Douglas Behenna
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Khanh T Tran
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott Sutton
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Asako Nagata
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Martha A Ornelas
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Susan E Kephart
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Luke R Zehnder
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Brion Murray
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Meirong Xu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - James E Solowiej
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ravi Visswanathan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - David Looper
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jadwiga R Bienkowska
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Zhengyan Kan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xinmeng Jasmine Mu
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Cecilia Oderup
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shahram Salek-Ardakani
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Stephen G Dann
- Pfizer Global Research and Development La Jolla, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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11
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The Candidate IBD Risk Gene CCNY Is Dispensable for Intestinal Epithelial Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092330. [PMID: 34571979 PMCID: PMC8471355 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCNY gene, which encodes cyclin Y, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cyclin Y promotes Wnt/β-catenin signaling and autophagy, which are critical for intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis, and may thereby contribute to wound repair in colitis. However, whether cyclin Y has an essential function in IECs is unknown. We, therefore, investigated the epithelial injury response and mucosal regeneration in mice with conditional knock-out of Ccny in the intestinal epithelium. We observed that Ccny-deficient mice did not exhibit any differences in cell proliferation and disease activity compared to wild-type littermates in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis model. Complementary in vitro experiments showed that loss of CCNY in model IECs did not affect Wnt signaling, cell proliferation, or autophagy. Additionally, we observed that expression of the cyclin-Y-associated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 14 is exceedingly low specifically in IEC. Collectively, these results suggest that cyclin Y does not contribute to intestinal epithelial homeostasis, possibly due to low levels of specific CDKs in these cells. Thus, it is unlikely that CCNY mutations are causatively involved in IBD pathogenesis.
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12
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Cabs1 Maintains Structural Integrity of Mouse Sperm Flagella during Epididymal Transit of Sperm. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020652. [PMID: 33440775 PMCID: PMC7827751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-binding protein spermatid-associated 1 (Cabs1) is a novel spermatid-specific protein. However, its function remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripted from the Cabs1 gene antisense, AntiCabs1, was also exclusively expressed in spermatids. Cabs1 and AntiCabs1 knockout mice were generated separately (using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-Cas9 methods) to investigate their functions in spermatogenesis. The genetic loss of Cabs1 did not affect testicular and epididymal development; however, male mice exhibited significantly impaired sperm tail structure and subfertility. Ultrastructural analysis revealed defects in sperm flagellar differentiation leading to an abnormal annulus and disorganization of the midpiece-principal piece junction, which may explain the high proportion of sperm with a bent tail. Interestingly, the proportion of sperm with a bent tail increased during transit in the epididymis. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that a genetic loss of Cabs1 decreased Septin 4 and Krt1 and increased cyclin Y-like 1 (Ccnyl1) levels compared with the wild type, suggesting that Cabs1 deficiency disturbed the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins. By contrast, AntiCabs1-/- mice were indistinguishable from the wild type regarding testicular and epididymal development, sperm morphology, concentration and motility, and male fertility. This study demonstrates that Cabs1 is an important component of the sperm annulus essential for proper sperm tail assembly and motility.
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13
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Kubíková J, Reinig R, Salgania HK, Jeske M. LOTUS-domain proteins - developmental effectors from a molecular perspective. Biol Chem 2020; 402:7-23. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The LOTUS domain (also known as OST-HTH) is a highly conserved protein domain found in a variety of bacteria and eukaryotes. In animals, the LOTUS domain is present in the proteins Oskar, TDRD5/Tejas, TDRD7/TRAP/Tapas, and MARF1/Limkain B1, all of which play essential roles in animal development, in particular during oogenesis and/or spermatogenesis. This review summarizes the diverse biological as well as molecular functions of LOTUS-domain proteins and discusses their roles as helicase effectors, post-transcriptional regulators, and critical cofactors of piRNA-mediated transcript silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kubíková
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Rebecca Reinig
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Harpreet Kaur Salgania
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mandy Jeske
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center , Im Neuenheimer Feld 328 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
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14
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Chotiner JY, Wolgemuth DJ, Wang PJ. Functions of cyclins and CDKs in mammalian gametogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:591-601. [PMID: 31078132 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell cycle. Most of our understanding of their functions has been obtained from studies in single-cell organisms and mitotically proliferating cultured cells. In mammals, there are more than 20 cyclins and 20 CDKs. Although genetic ablation studies in mice have shown that most of these factors are dispensable for viability and fertility, uncovering their functional redundancy, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CDK1 are essential for embryonic development. Cyclin/CDK complexes are known to regulate both mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. While some mechanisms are common to both types of cell divisions, meiosis has unique characteristics and requirements. During meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two successive rounds of cell division. In addition, mammalian germ cells experience a prolonged prophase I in males or a long period of arrest in prophase I in females. Therefore, cyclins and CDKs may have functions in meiosis distinct from their mitotic functions and indeed, meiosis-specific cyclins, CCNA1 and CCNB3, have been identified. Here, we describe recent advances in the field of cyclins and CDKs with a focus on meiosis and early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y Chotiner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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The Role of CDKs and CDKIs in Murine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155343. [PMID: 32731332 PMCID: PMC7432401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their inhibitors (CDKIs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of the cell cycle. As a result of these functions, it may be extrapolated that they are essential for appropriate embryonic development. The twenty known mouse CDKs and eight CDKIs have been studied to varying degrees in the developing mouse, but only a handful of CDKs and a single CDKI have been shown to be absolutely required for murine embryonic development. What has become apparent, as more studies have shone light on these family members, is that in addition to their primary functional role in regulating the cell cycle, many of these genes are also controlling specific cell fates by directing differentiation in various tissues. Here we review the extensive mouse models that have been generated to study the functions of CDKs and CDKIs, and discuss their varying roles in murine embryonic development, with a particular focus on the brain, pancreas and fertility.
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16
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Elango K, Kumaresan A, Sharma A, Nag P, Prakash MA, Sinha MK, Manimaran A, Peter ESKJ, Jeyakumar S, Selvaraju S, Ramesha KP, Datta TK. Sub-fertility in crossbred bulls: deciphering testicular level transcriptomic alterations between zebu (Bos indicus) and crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) bulls. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:502. [PMID: 32693775 PMCID: PMC7372791 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of poor semen quality and sub-fertility/infertility is higher in crossbred as compared to Zebu males. Several attempts have been made to understand the possible reasons for higher incidence of fertility problems in crossbred males, at sperm phenotype, proteome and genome level but with variable results. Since the quality of the ejaculated spermatozoa is determined by the testicular environment, assessing the testicular transcriptome between these breeds would help in identifying the possible mechanisms associated with infertility in crossbred bulls. However, such information is not available. We performed global transcriptomic profiling of testicular tissue from crossbred and Zebu bulls using Agilent Bos taurus GXP 8X60k AMADID: 29411 array. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the testicular mRNAs between crossbred and Zebu bulls. RESULTS Out of the 14,419 transcripts detected in bovine testis, 1466 were differentially expressed between crossbred and Zebu bulls, in which 1038 were upregulated and 428 were downregulated in crossbred bulls. PI4KB and DPY19L2 genes, reported to be involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome formation respectively, were among the top 10 downregulated transcripts in crossbred testis. Genes involved in ubiquitination and proteolysis were upregulated, while genes involved in cell proliferation, stem cell differentiation, stem cell population maintenance, steroidogenesis, WNT signalling, protein localization to plasma membrane, endocannabinoid signalling, heparin binding, cAMP metabolism and GABA receptor activity were downregulated in crossbred testis. Among the 10 genes validated using qPCR, expression of CCNYL, SOX2, MSMB, SPATA7, TNP1, TNP2 and CRISP2 followed the same trend as observed in microarray analysis with SPATA7 being significantly downregulated and transition proteins (TNP1, TNP2) being significantly upregulated in crossbred bulls. CONCLUSIONS Abundant proteolysis by ubiquitination and downregulation of WNT signaling, cell proliferation, differentiation and steroidogenesis might be associated with higher incidence of poor semen quality and/or sub-fertility/infertility in crossbred bulls as compared to Zebu bulls. Downregulation of SPATA7 (Spermatogenesis Associated 7) and upregulation of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) in crossbred bull testis might be associated with impaired spermatogenesis processes including improper chromatin compaction in crossbred bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Elango
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Arumugam Kumaresan
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Pradeep Nag
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Mani Arul Prakash
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sinha
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Ayyasamy Manimaran
- Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Ebenezer Samuel King John Peter
- Theriogenology Laboratory, Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Sakthivel Jeyakumar
- Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive physiology Laboratory, ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Kerekoppa P Ramesha
- Southern Regional Station of ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Tirtha K Datta
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132 001, India
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17
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Dohmen M, Krieg S, Agalaridis G, Zhu X, Shehata SN, Pfeiffenberger E, Amelang J, Bütepage M, Buerova E, Pfaff CM, Chanda D, Geley S, Preisinger C, Sakamoto K, Lüscher B, Neumann D, Vervoorts J. AMPK-dependent activation of the Cyclin Y/CDK16 complex controls autophagy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1032. [PMID: 32098961 PMCID: PMC7042329 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master sensor of the cellular energy status that is crucial for the adaptive response to limited energy availability. AMPK is implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including autophagy. However, the precise mechanisms by which AMPK controls these processes and the identities of relevant substrates are not fully understood. Using protein microarrays, we identify Cyclin Y as an AMPK substrate that is phosphorylated at Serine 326 (S326) both in vitro and in cells. Phosphorylation of Cyclin Y at S326 promotes its interaction with the Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16), thereby stimulating its catalytic activity. When expressed in cells, Cyclin Y/CDK16 is sufficient to promote autophagy. Moreover, Cyclin Y/CDK16 is necessary for efficient AMPK-dependent activation of autophagy. This functional interaction is mediated by AMPK phosphorylating S326 of Cyclin Y. Collectively, we define Cyclin Y/CDK16 as downstream effector of AMPK for inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dohmen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center for Translational & Clinical Research Aachen (CTC-A), Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georgios Agalaridis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 68, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisabeth Pfeiffenberger
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Amelang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Buerova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolina M Pfaff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- AstraZeneca GmbH, Tinsdaler Weg 183, 22880, Wedel, Germany
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Geley
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 80/82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Preisinger
- Proteomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Maastricht, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jörg Vervoorts
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Quandt E, Ribeiro MPC, Clotet J. Atypical cyclins: the extended family portrait. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:231-242. [PMID: 31420702 PMCID: PMC6971155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cell division is orchestrated by cyclins, which bind and activate their catalytic workmates, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Cyclins have been traditionally defined by an oscillating (cyclic) pattern of expression and by the presence of a characteristic "cyclin box" that determines binding to the CDKs. Noteworthy, the Human Genome Sequence Project unveiled the existence of several other proteins containing the "cyclin box" domain. These potential "cyclins" have been named new, orphan or atypical, creating a conundrum in cyclins nomenclature. Moreover, although many years have passed after their discovery, the scarcity of information regarding these possible members of the family has hampered the establishment of criteria for systematization. Here, we discuss the criteria that define cyclins and we propose a classification and nomenclature update based on structural features, interactors, and phylogenetic information. The application of these criteria allows to systematically define, for the first time, the subfamily of atypical cyclins and enables the use of a common nomenclature for this extended family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Quandt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Clotet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Josep Trueta, s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Wang T, Yin Q, Ma X, Tong MH, Zhou Y. Ccdc87 is critical for sperm function and male fertility. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:817-827. [PMID: 29733332 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male infertility has become an increasingly common health concern in recent years. Apart from environmental factors, nutrition, lifestyle, and sexually transmitted diseases, genetic defects are important causes of male infertility. Many genes have been demonstrated to be associated with male infertility. However, the roles of some functional genes in infertility, especially those that are specifically expressed in the reproductive system, remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that the testis-specific gene coiled-coil domain-containing 87 (Ccdc87) is critical for male fertility. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses revealed that the Ccdc87 mRNA and protein were only expressed in mouse testis. Ccdc87 expression first appeared at postnatal day 14 and remained at a relatively high level until adulthood. Male mice lacking Ccdc87 gene (Ccdc87-/-) were found to be subfertile. Approximately 20% of Ccdc87-null sperm from the testis and epididymis displayed severe abnormity of acrosome and cell nucleus. Sperm isolated from the cauda epididymides of Ccdc87-/- mice exhibited decreased initial motility but did not show any change in capacitation. Additionally, Ccdc87 disruption led to the impotency of sperm spontaneous and progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. Moreover, in vitro fertilization assays indicated that the fertilizing capacity of Ccdc87-/- sperm was significantly reduced. Taken together, these findings provide a new clue to understand the genetic causes of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehao Ma
- Shanghai Foreign Language School, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Han Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wood DJ, Endicott JA. Structural insights into the functional diversity of the CDK-cyclin family. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180112. [PMID: 30185601 PMCID: PMC6170502 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their characterization as conserved modules that regulate progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle, cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) in higher eukaryotic cells are now also emerging as significant regulators of transcription, metabolism and cell differentiation. The cyclins, though originally characterized as CDK partners, also have CDK-independent roles that include the regulation of DNA damage repair and transcriptional programmes that direct cell differentiation, apoptosis and metabolic flux. This review compares the structures of the members of the CDK and cyclin families determined by X-ray crystallography, and considers what mechanistic insights they provide to guide functional studies and distinguish CDK- and cyclin-specific activities. Aberrant CDK activity is a hallmark of a number of diseases, and structural studies can provide important insights to identify novel routes to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wood
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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21
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Identification of novel PCTAIRE-1/CDK16 substrates using a chemical genetic screen. Cell Signal 2019; 59:53-61. [PMID: 30880224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PCTAIRE-1 (also known as cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) 16), is a Ser/Thr kinase that has been implicated in many cellular processes, including cell cycle, spermatogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and vesicle trafficking. Most recently, it has been proposed as a novel X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) gene, where loss-of-function mutations have been identified in human patients. The precise molecular mechanisms that regulate PCTAIRE-1 remained largely obscure, and only a few cellular targets/substrates have been proposed with no clear functional significance. We and others recently showed that cyclin Y binds and activates PCTAIRE-1 via phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding. In order to understand the physiological role that PCTAIRE-1 plays in brain, we have performed a chemical genetic screen in vitro using an engineered PCTAIRE-1/cyclin Y complex and mouse brain extracts. Our screen has identified potential PCTAIRE-1 substrates (AP2-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1), dynamin 1, and synaptojanin 1) in brain that have been shown to regulate crucial steps of receptor endocytosis, and are involved in control of neuronal synaptic transmission. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and protein sequence analyses have identified potential PCTAIRE-1 regulated phosphorylation sites on AAK1 and we validated their PCTAIRE-1 dependence in a cellular study and/or brain tissue lysates. Our results shed light onto the missing link between PCTAIRE-1 regulation and proposed physiological functions, and provide a basis upon which to further study PCTAIRE-1 function in vivo and its potential role in neuronal/brain disorders.
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Zi Z, Zhang Z, Li Q, An W, Zeng L, Gao D, Yang Y, Zhu X, Zeng R, Shum WW, Wu J. Correction: CCNYL1, but Not CCNY, Cooperates with CDK16 to Regulate Spermatogenesis in Mouse. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008021. [PMID: 30830908 PMCID: PMC6398826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Niu P, Wei Y, Gao Q, Zhang X, Hu Y, Qiu Y, Mu Y, Li K. Male Fertility Potential Molecular Mechanisms Revealed by iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of the Epididymis from Wip1−/− Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:54-66. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2018.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxia Niu
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Wei
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Qiu
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Li
- Pig Genetic Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fonseca PADS, dos Santos FC, Lam S, Suárez-Vega A, Miglior F, Schenkel FS, Diniz LDAF, Id-Lahoucine S, Carvalho MRS, Cánovas A. Genetic mechanisms underlying spermatic and testicular traits within and among cattle breeds: systematic review and prioritization of GWAS results. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:4978-4999. [PMID: 30304443 PMCID: PMC6276581 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bull fertility imposes economic losses in bovine herds. Specifically, testicular and spermatic traits are important indicators of reproductive efficiency. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genomic regions associated with these fertility traits. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to perform a systematic review of GWAS results for spermatic and testicular traits in cattle and 2) to identify key functional candidate genes for these traits. The identification of functional candidate genes was performed using a systems biology approach, where genes shared between traits and studies were evaluated by a guilt by association gene prioritization (GUILDify and ToppGene software) in order to identify the best functional candidates. These candidate genes were integrated and analyzed in order to identify overlapping patterns among traits and breeds. Results showed that GWAS for testicular-related traits have been developed for beef breeds only, whereas the majority of GWAS for spermatic-related traits were conducted using dairy breeds. When comparing traits measured within the same study, the highest number of genes shared between different traits was observed, indicating a high impact of the population genetic structure and environmental effects. Several chromosomal regions were enriched for functional candidate genes associated with fertility traits. Moreover, multiple functional candidate genes were enriched for markers in a species-specific basis, taurine (Bos taurus) or indicine (Bos indicus). For the different candidate regions identified in the GWAS in the literature, functional candidate genes were detected as follows: B. Taurus chromosome X (BTX) (TEX11, IRAK, CDK16, ATP7A, ATRX, HDAC6, FMR1, L1CAM, MECP2, etc.), BTA17 (TRPV4 and DYNLL1), and BTA14 (MOS, FABP5, ZFPM2). These genes are responsible for regulating important metabolic pathways or biological processes associated with fertility, such as progression of spermatogenesis, control of ciliary activity, development of Sertoli cells, DNA integrity in spermatozoa, and homeostasis of testicular cells. This study represents the first systematic review on male fertility traits in cattle using a system biology approach to identify key candidate genes for these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto de Souza Fonseca
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephanie Lam
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filippo Miglior
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Samir Id-Lahoucine
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Angela Cánovas
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Paolillo V, Jenkinson C, Horio T, Oakley B. Cyclins in aspergilli: Phylogenetic and functional analyses of group I cyclins. Stud Mycol 2018; 91:1-22. [PMID: 30104814 PMCID: PMC6078057 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified the cyclin domain-containing proteins encoded by the genomes of 17 species of Aspergillus as well as 15 members of other genera of filamentous ascomycetes. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the cyclins fall into three groups, as in other eukaryotic phyla, and, more significantly, that they are remarkably conserved in these fungi. All 32 species examined, for example, have three group I cyclins, cyclins that are particularly important because they regulate the cell cycle, and these are highly conserved. Within the group I cyclins there are three distinct clades, and each fungus has a single member of each clade. These findings are in marked contrast to the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Candida albicans, which have more numerous group I cyclins. These results indicate that findings on cyclin function made with a model Aspergillus species, such as A. nidulans, are likely to apply to other Aspergilli and be informative for a broad range of filamentous ascomycetes. In this regard, we note that the functions of only one Aspergillus group I cyclin have been analysed (NimECyclin B of A. nidulans). We have consequently carried out an analysis of the members of the other two clades using A. nidulans as our model. We have found that one of these cyclins, PucA, is essential, but deletion of PucA in a strain carrying a deletion of CdhA, an activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), is not lethal. These data, coupled with data from heterokaryon rescue experiments, indicate that PucA is an essential G1/S cyclin that is required for the inactivation of the APC/C-CdhA, which, in turn, allows the initiation of the S phase of the cell cycle. Our data also reveal that PucA has additional, non-essential, roles in the cell cycle in interphase. The A. nidulans member of the third clade (AN2137) has not previously been named or analyzed. We designate this gene clbA. ClbA localizes to kinetochores from mid G2 until just prior to chromosomal condensation. Deletion of clbA does not affect viability. However, by using a regulatable promoter system new to Aspergillus, we have found that expression of a version of ClbA in which the destruction box sequences have been removed is lethal and causes a mitotic arrest and a high frequency of non-disjunction. Thus, although ClbA is not essential, its timely destruction is essential for viability, chromosomal disjunction, and successful completion of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Paolillo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - C.B. Jenkinson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - T. Horio
- Department of Natural Sciences, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - B.R. Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Wang H, Liu H, Min S, Shen Y, Li W, Chen Y, Wang X. CDK16 overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and regulates cancer cell growth and apoptosis via a p27-dependent mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:399-405. [PMID: 29674275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16, PCTAIRE1) expression is upregulated in a wide variety of human malignancies. However, the function(s) of CDK16 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. Therefore, here we investigated the role of CDK16 in NSCLC. From 43 NSCLC tumors and matching healthy control lung tissues, immunohistochemistry revealed significantly greater CDK16 and phospho-p27Ser10 staining levels in NSCLC samples relative to healthy controls. The NSCLC cell line EKVX was transfected with a control siRNA, a CDK16-siRNA, or CDK16-siRNA + p27-siRNA. We found significantly decreased proliferation levels and significantly increased apoptosis levels in CDK16-silenced NSCLC cells. However, these effects were abrogated in cells treated with both the CDK16-siRNA and the p27-siRNA. In CDK16-silenced NSCLC cells, we found upregulated p27 and downregulated phospho-p27Ser10 protein expression but downregulated ubiquitinated p27 and ubiquitinated phospho-p27Ser10 protein expression. Cycloheximide-treated CDK16-silenced NSCLC cells displayed a much milder reduction in p27 protein expression over time relative to untreated CDK16-silenced NSCLC cells. In summary, CDK16 is significantly upregulated in human NSCLC tumor tissue and plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC cells via promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in a p27-dependent manner. Moreover, CDK16 negatively regulates expression of the p27 via ubiquination and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shengping Min
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuanbing Shen
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Clinical and Preclinical Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Department of Respiration, First Affiliated Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233000, Anhui Province, China.
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Xie J, Li Y, Jiang K, Hu K, Zhang S, Dong X, Dai X, Liu L, Zhang T, Yang K, Huang K, Chen J, Shi S, Zhang Y, Wu G, Xu S. CDK16 Phosphorylates and Degrades p53 to Promote Radioresistance and Predicts Prognosis in Lung Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:650-662. [PMID: 29344296 PMCID: PMC5771083 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Radioresistance is considered the main cause of local relapse in lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance remain poorly understood. This study investigates the role of CDK16 in radioresistance of human lung cancer cells. Methods: The expression levels of CDK16 were determined by immunohistochemistry in lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues. Immunoprecipitation assay and GST pulldown were utilized to detect the protein-protein interaction. The phosphorylation of p53 was evaluated by in vitro kinase assay. Poly-ubiquitination of p53 was examined by in vivo ubiquitination assay. Cell growth and apoptosis, ROS levels and DNA damage response were measured for functional analyses. Results: We showed that CDK16 is frequently overexpressed in lung cancer cells and tissues, and high levels of CDK16 are correlated with lymph node stage and poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, we provided evidence that CDK16 binds to and phosphorylates p53 at Ser315 site to inhibit transcriptional activity of p53. Moreover, we uncovered that this phosphorylation modification accelerates p53 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Importantly, we demonstrated that CDK16 promotes radioresistance by suppressing apoptosis and ROS production as well as inhibiting DNA damage response in lung cancer cells in a p53-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CDK16 negatively modulates p53 signaling pathway to promote radioresistance, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Kumar M, Tanwar PS. Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Regulates Postnatal Mouse Epididymal Development But Does Not Affect Epithelial Cell Differentiation. Endocrinology 2017; 158:4286-4299. [PMID: 29029059 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the epididymis establishes an optimal environment in which spermatozoa acquire the ability to fertilize an oocyte. This highly specialized organ develops from a simple embryonic tube known as the Wolffian duct (WD). How the simple columnar epithelium of WD acquires the complex features of the adult epididymal epithelium is currently unclear. During these first few weeks after birth, the epididymal epithelium undergoes major changes and by 5 weeks consists of four different cell types. The main objective of this study was to evaluate potential roles of Wnt signaling during postnatal epididymal development and differentiation. To analyze the activity of Wnt signaling during postnatal development, we evaluated the epididymis of TCFGFP mice, a Wnt reporter mouse model. Wnt signaling activity as indicated by green fluorescent protein expression was detected in the whole epididymis of TCFGFP mice during the first 2 weeks of life but was localized only to the caput region by 5 weeks of age. Using a genetic cell lineage tracing approach, we showed that all four of the epididymal epithelial cell types originated from the simple columnar epithelium of WD. To delineate the functional significance of epithelial Wnt signaling in epididymal development and differentiation, we generated a mouse model in which β-catenin (Ctnnb1) was specifically ablated from the epididymal epithelium upon administration of doxycycline. Genetic suppression of epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibited epididymal development by affecting cell proliferation but had no effect on epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia
- Priority Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Pradeep S Tanwar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Australia
- Priority Centre for Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
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Teplyakov E, Wu Q, Liu J, Pugacheva EM, Loukinov D, Boukaba A, Lobanenkov V, Strunnikov A. The downregulation of putative anticancer target BORIS/CTCFL in an addicted myeloid cancer cell line modulates the expression of multiple protein coding and ncRNA genes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73448-73468. [PMID: 29088719 PMCID: PMC5650274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The BORIS/CTCFL gene, is a testis-specific CTCF paralog frequently erroneously activated in cancer, although its exact role in cancer remains unclear. BORIS is both a transcription factor and an architectural chromatin protein. BORIS' normal role is to establish a germline-like gene expression and remodel the epigenetic landscape in testis; it similarly remodels chromatin when activated in human cancer. Critically, at least one cancer cell line, K562, is dependent on BORIS for its self-renewal and survival. Here, we downregulate BORIS expression in the K562 cancer cell line to investigate downstream pathways regulated by BORIS. RNA-seq analyses of both mRNA and small ncRNAs, including miRNA and piRNA, in the knock-down cells revealed a set of differentially expressed genes and pathways, including both testis-specific and general proliferation factors, as well as proteins involved in transcription regulation and cell physiology. The differentially expressed genes included important transcriptional regulators such as SOX6 and LIN28A. Data indicate that both direct binding of BORIS to promoter regions and locus-control activity via long-distance chromatin domain regulation are involved. The sum of findings suggests that BORIS activation in leukemia does not just recapitulate the germline, but creates a unique regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Teplyakov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongfang Wu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Dmitry Loukinov
- NIH, NIAID, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abdelhalim Boukaba
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Alexander Strunnikov
- Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Qin X, Guo T, Liu P, Wu P, Liu Z. Up-regulation of CDK16 by multiple mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes tumor progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:97. [PMID: 28716136 PMCID: PMC5514535 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains difficult to cure due to lack of effective treatment and the molecular mechanisms are complex and not completely understood. In this study, We investigated the role of CDK16 in tumor progression of HCC. Methods We interrogated the expression level of CDK16 by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry(IHC) and studied its clinical significance. The functional role of CDK16 on HCC was studied via gain and loss of function in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) assay were performed to investigate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in the regulation of CDK16. Results CDK16 expression was significantly up-regulated in HCC and higher expression of CDK16 was positively correlated with aggressive clinicopathological phenotype and poorer survival rates. Functionally, knockdown of CDK16 suppressed proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Inactivation of CDK16 also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Most importantly, CDK16 promoted epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion by activating β-catenin signaling. In addition, We identified E2F1 as a positive transcriptional regulator of CDK16. Moreover, down regulation of miR-125b-5p enhanced CDK16 expression at post-transcriptional level. Conclusion We provided the first evidence that CDK16 is an bona fide oncogene in HCC, and multiple activating mechanisms at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels together contributes to CDK16 up-regulation in HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0569-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Research Center of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Yanagi T, Hata H, Mizuno E, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Nakazato S, Wang L, Nishihara H, Tanaka S, Shimizu H. PCTAIRE1/CDK16/PCTK1 is overexpressed in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and regulates p27 stability and cell cycle. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 86:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shen YR, Wang HY, Kuo YC, Shih SC, Hsu CH, Chen YR, Wu SR, Wang CY, Kuo PL. SEPT12 phosphorylation results in loss of the septin ring/sperm annulus, defective sperm motility and poor male fertility. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006631. [PMID: 28346465 PMCID: PMC5386304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are critical for numerous cellular processes through the formation of heteromeric filaments and rings indicating the importance of structural regulators in septin assembly. Several posttranslational modifications (PTMs) mediate the dynamics of septin filaments in yeast. However, little is known about the role of PTMs in regulating mammalian septin assembly, and the in vivo significance of PTMs on mammalian septin assembly and function remains unknown. Here, we showed that SEPT12 was phosphorylated on Ser198 using mass spectrometry, and we generated SEPT12 phosphomimetic knock-in (KI) mice to study its biological significance. The homozygous KI mice displayed poor male fertility due to deformed sperm with defective motility and loss of annulus, a septin-based ring structure. Immunohistochemistry of KI testicular sections suggested that SEPT12 phosphorylation inhibits septin ring assembly during annulus biogenesis. We also observed that SEPT12 was phosphorylated via PKA, and its phosphorylation interfered with SEPT12 polymerization into complexes and filaments. Collectively, our data indicate that SEPT12 phosphorylation inhibits SEPT12 filament formation, leading to loss of the sperm annulus/septin ring and poor male fertility. Thus, we provide the first in vivo genetic evidence characterizing importance of septin phosphorylation in the assembly, cellular function and physiological significance of septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chuan Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Rung Wu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Structure and inhibitor specificity of the PCTAIRE-family kinase CDK16. Biochem J 2017; 474:699-713. [PMID: 28057719 PMCID: PMC5317395 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CDK16 (also known as PCTAIRE1 or PCTK1) is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family that has emerged as a key regulator of neurite outgrowth, vesicle trafficking and cancer cell proliferation. CDK16 is activated through binding to cyclin Y via a phosphorylation-dependent 14-3-3 interaction and has a unique consensus substrate phosphorylation motif compared with conventional CDKs. To elucidate the structure and inhibitor-binding properties of this atypical CDK, we screened the CDK16 kinase domain against different inhibitor libraries and determined the co-structures of identified hits. We discovered that the ATP-binding pocket of CDK16 can accommodate both type I and type II kinase inhibitors. The most potent CDK16 inhibitors revealed by cell-free and cell-based assays were the multitargeted cancer drugs dabrafenib and rebastinib. An inactive DFG-out binding conformation was confirmed by the first crystal structures of CDK16 in separate complexes with the inhibitors indirubin E804 and rebastinib, respectively. The structures revealed considerable conformational plasticity, suggesting that the isolated CDK16 kinase domain was relatively unstable in the absence of a cyclin partner. The unusual structural features and chemical scaffolds identified here hold promise for the development of more selective CDK16 inhibitors and provide opportunity to better characterise the role of CDK16 and its related CDK family members in various physiological and pathological contexts.
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The control of male fertility by spermatid-specific factors: searching for contraceptive targets from spermatozoon's head to tail. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2472. [PMID: 27831554 PMCID: PMC5260884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility due to abnormal spermatozoa has been reported in both animals and humans, but its pathogenic causes, including genetic abnormalities, remain largely unknown. On the other hand, contraceptive options for men are limited, and a specific, reversible and safe method of male contraception has been a long-standing quest in medicine. Some progress has recently been made in exploring the effects of spermatid-specifical genetic factors in controlling male fertility. A comprehensive search of PubMed for articles and reviews published in English before July 2016 was carried out using the search terms 'spermiogenesis failure', 'globozoospermia', 'spermatid-specific', 'acrosome', 'infertile', 'manchette', 'sperm connecting piece', 'sperm annulus', 'sperm ADAMs', 'flagellar abnormalities', 'sperm motility loss', 'sperm ion exchanger' and 'contraceptive targets'. Importantly, we have opted to focus on articles regarding spermatid-specific factors. Genetic studies to define the structure and physiology of sperm have shown that spermatozoa appear to be one of the most promising contraceptive targets. Here we summarize how these spermatid-specific factors regulate spermiogenesis and categorize them according to their localization and function from spermatid head to tail (e.g., acrosome, manchette, head-tail conjunction, annulus, principal piece of tail). In addition, we emphatically introduce small-molecule contraceptives, such as BRDT and PPP3CC/PPP3R2, which are currently being developed to target spermatogenic-specific proteins. We suggest that blocking the differentiation of haploid germ cells, which rarely affects early spermatogenic cell types and the testicular microenvironment, is a better choice than spermatogenic-specific proteins. The studies described here provide valuable information regarding the genetic and molecular defects causing male mouse infertility to improve our understanding of the importance of spermatid-specific factors in controlling fertility. Although a male contraceptive 'pill' is still many years away, research into the production of new small-molecule contraceptives targeting spermatid-specific proteins is the right avenue.
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Wang X, Jia Y, Fei C, Song X, Li L. Activation/Proliferation-associated Protein 2 (Caprin-2) Positively Regulates CDK14/Cyclin Y-mediated Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) Constitutive Phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26427-26434. [PMID: 27821587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.744607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 (LRP5/6) are co-receptors for Wnt ligands. Upon ligand binding, LRP5/6 undergo glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)/casein kinase I (CKI)-mediated phosphorylation at multiple PPP(S/T)P motifs in the intracellular domain, which is essential for canonical Wnt signal transduction. On the other hand, in the Wnt-off state, the mitosis-specific CDK14-Cyclin Y kinase complex phosphorylates Ser-1490 of LRP5/6 at G2/M, thereby priming the receptor for Wnt-induced phosphorylation. However, it remains unclear how CDK14/Cyclin Y is recruited to LRP5/6 and whether there are other cofactors involved in this process. Previously, we identified Caprin-2 as a positive regulator of canonical Wnt signaling by promoting GSK3-depedent LRP5/6 phosphorylation upon Wnt stimulation. Here we uncovered that Caprin-2 positively regulates constitutive LRP5/6 Ser-1490 phosphorylation by complexing with CDK14/Cyclin Y. Caprin-2-mediated LRP5/6 phosphorylation is cell cycle-dependent in a pattern similar to that of CDK14/Cyclin Y-dependent LRP5/6 phosphorylation. Moreover, knockdown of Caprin-2 disrupts not only the interaction between CDK14 and Cyclin Y but also the interaction between CDK14/Cyclin Y and LRP6. Overall, our findings revealed an unrecognized role of Caprin-2 in facilitating LRP5/6 constitutive phosphorylation at G2/M through forming a quaternary complex with CDK14, Cyclin Y, and LRP5/6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yingying Jia
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Cong Fei
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lin Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Acebron SP, Niehrs C. β-Catenin-Independent Roles of Wnt/LRP6 Signaling. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:956-967. [PMID: 27568239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/LRP6 signaling is best known for the β-catenin-dependent regulation of target genes. However, pathway branches have recently emerged, including Wnt/STOP signaling, which act independently of β-catenin and transcription. We review here the molecular mechanisms underlying β-catenin-independent Wnt/LRP6 signaling cascades and their implications for cell biology, development, and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio P Acebron
- Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Does murine spermatogenesis require WNT signalling? A lesson from Gpr177 conditional knockout mouse models. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2281. [PMID: 27362799 PMCID: PMC5108341 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wingless-related MMTV integration site (WNT) proteins and several other components of the WNT signalling pathway are expressed in the murine testes. However, mice mutant for WNT signalling effector β-catenin using different Cre drivers have phenotypes that are inconsistent with each other. The complexity and overlapping expression of WNT signalling cascades have prevented researchers from dissecting their function in spermatogenesis. Depletion of the Gpr177 gene (the mouse orthologue of Drosophila Wntless), which is required for the secretion of various WNTs, makes it possible to genetically dissect the overall effect of WNTs in testis development. In this study, the Gpr177 gene was conditionally depleted in germ cells (Gpr177flox/flox, Mvh-Cre; Gpr177flox/flox, Stra8-Cre) and Sertoli cells (Gpr177flox/flox, Amh-Cre). No obvious defects in fertility and spermatogenesis were observed in these three Gpr177 conditional knockout (cKO) mice at 8 weeks. However, late-onset testicular atrophy and fertility decline in two germ cell-specific Gpr177 deletion mice were noted at 8 months. In contrast, we did not observe any abnormalities of spermatogenesis and fertility, even in 8-month-old Gpr177flox/flox, Amh-Cre mice. Elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in Gpr177 cKO germ cells and Sertoli cells and exhibited an age-dependent manner. However, significant increase in the activity of Caspase 3 was only observed in germ cells from 8-month-old germ cell-specific Gpr177 knockout mice. In conclusion, GPR177 in Sertoli cells had no apparent influence on spermatogenesis, whereas loss of GPR177 in germ cells disrupted spermatogenesis in an age-dependent manner via elevating ROS levels and triggering germ cell apoptosis.
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Koch S, Acebron SP, Herbst J, Hatiboglu G, Niehrs C. Post-transcriptional Wnt Signaling Governs Epididymal Sperm Maturation. Cell 2015; 163:1225-1236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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