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Rebhun RB, York D, De Graaf FMD, Yoon P, Batcher KL, Luker ME, Ryan S, Peyton J, Kent MS, Stern JA, Bannasch DL. A variant in the 5'UTR of ERBB4 is associated with lifespan in Golden Retrievers. GeroScience 2024; 46:2849-2862. [PMID: 37855863 PMCID: PMC11009206 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in long-lived human populations have led to identification of variants associated with Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease, the latter being the most common cause of mortality in people worldwide. In contrast, naturally occurring cancer represents the leading cause of death in pet dogs, and specific breeds like the Golden Retriever (GR) carry up to a 65% cancer-related death rate. We hypothesized that GWAS of long-lived GRs might lead to the identification of genetic variants capable of modifying longevity within this cancer-predisposed breed. A GWAS was performed comparing GR dogs ≥ 14 years to dogs dying prior to age 12 which revealed a significant association to ERBB4, the only member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family capable of serving as both a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene. No coding variants were identified, however, distinct haplotypes in the 5'UTR were associated with reduced lifespan in two separate populations of GR dogs. When all GR dogs were analyzed together (n = 304), the presence of haplotype 3 was associated with shorter survival (11.8 years vs. 12.8 years, p = 0.024). GRs homozygous for haplotype 3 had the shortest survival, and GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 had the longest survival (11.6 years vs. 13.5 years, p = 0.0008). Sub-analyses revealed that the difference in lifespan for GRs carrying at least 1 copy of haplotype 3 was specific to female dogs (p = 0.009), whereas survival remained significantly different in both male and female GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 or haplotype 3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.009, respectively). Taken together, these findings implicate a potential role for ERBB4 in GR longevity and provide evidence that within-breed canine lifespan studies could serve as a mechanism to identify favorable or disease-modifying variants important to the axis of aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Flora M D De Graaf
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paula Yoon
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin L Batcher
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Madison E Luker
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Ryan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Peyton
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danika L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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2
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Aupperle-Lellbach H, Kehl A, de Brot S, van der Weyden L. Clinical Use of Molecular Biomarkers in Canine and Feline Oncology: Current and Future. Vet Sci 2024; 11:199. [PMID: 38787171 PMCID: PMC11126050 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are central to personalised medicine for human cancer patients. It is gaining traction as part of standard veterinary clinical practice for dogs and cats with cancer. Molecular biomarkers can be somatic or germline genomic alterations and can be ascertained from tissues or body fluids using various techniques. This review discusses how these genomic alterations can be determined and the findings used in clinical settings as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and screening biomarkers. We showcase the somatic and germline genomic alterations currently available to date for testing dogs and cats in a clinical setting, discussing their utility in each biomarker class. We also look at some emerging molecular biomarkers that are promising for clinical use. Finally, we discuss the hurdles that need to be overcome in going 'bench to bedside', i.e., the translation from discovery of genomic alterations to adoption by veterinary clinicians. As we understand more of the genomics underlying canine and feline tumours, molecular biomarkers will undoubtedly become a mainstay in delivering precision veterinary care to dogs and cats with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Aupperle-Lellbach
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kehl
- Laboklin GmbH&Co.KG, Steubenstr. 4, 97688 Bad Kissingen, Germany; (H.A.-L.); (A.K.)
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Trogerstr. 18, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Simone de Brot
- Institute of Animal Pathology, COMPATH, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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Kieler IN, Persson SM, Hagman R, Marinescu VD, Hedhammar Å, Strandberg E, Lindblad-Toh K, Arendt ML. Genome wide association study in Swedish Labrador retrievers identifies genetic loci associated with hip dysplasia and body weight. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6090. [PMID: 38480780 PMCID: PMC10937653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been utilized to identify genetic risk loci associated with both simple and complex inherited disorders. Here, we performed a GWAS in Labrador retrievers to identify genetic loci associated with hip dysplasia and body weight. Hip dysplasia scores were available for 209 genotyped dogs. We identified a significantly associated locus for hip dysplasia on chromosome 24, with three equally associated SNPs (p = 4.3 × 10-7) in complete linkage disequilibrium located within NDRG3, a gene which in humans has been shown to be differentially expressed in osteoarthritic joint cartilage. Body weight, available for 85 female dogs, was used as phenotype for a second analysis. We identified two significantly associated loci on chromosome 10 (p = 4.5 × 10-7) and chromosome 31 (p = 2.5 × 10-6). The most associated SNPs within these loci were located within the introns of the PRKCE and CADM2 genes, respectively. PRKCE has been shown to play a role in regulation of adipogenesis whilst CADM2 has been associated with body weight in multiple human GWAS. In summary, we identified credible candidate loci explaining part of the genetic inheritance for hip dysplasia and body weight in Labrador retrievers with strong candidate genes in each locus previously implicated in the phenotypes investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Nordang Kieler
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Malm Persson
- Department for Breeding and Health, Swedish Kennel Club, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erling Strandberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maja Louise Arendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zmorzynski S, Kimicka-Szajwaj A, Szajwaj A, Czerwik-Marcinkowska J, Wojcierowski J. Genetic Changes in Mastocytes and Their Significance in Mast Cell Tumor Prognosis and Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:137. [PMID: 38275618 PMCID: PMC10815783 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are a large group of diseases occurring in dogs, cats, mice, as well as in humans. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease involving the accumulation of mast cells in organs. KIT gene mutations are very often seen in abnormal mast cells. In SM, high KIT/CD117 expression is observed; however, there are usually no KIT gene mutations present. Mastocytoma (MCT)-a form of cutaneous neoplasm-is common in animals but quite rare in humans. KIT/CD117 receptor mutations were studied as the typical changes for human mastocytosis. In 80% of human cases, the KIT gene substitution p.D816H was present. In about 25% of MCTs, metastasis was observed. Changes in the gene expression of certain genes, such as overexpression of the DNAJ3A3 gene, promote metastasis. In contrast, the SNORD93 gene blocks the expression of metastasis genes. The panel of miR-21-5p, miR-379, and miR-885 has a good efficiency in discriminating healthy and MCT-affected dogs, as well as MCT-affected dogs with and without nodal metastasis. Further studies on the pathobiology of mast cells can lead to clinical improvements, such as better MCT diagnosis and treatment. Our paper reviews studies on the topic of mast cells, which have been carried out over the past few years.
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Wu S, Zhang Q, Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Qu X, Zhou Y, Zhao T, Cang F, Li Y. Cobalt-doped hollow polydopamine for oxygen generation and GSH consumption enhanced chemo-PTT combined cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213593. [PMID: 37657278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the field of therapeutics by introducing a plethora of nanomaterials capable of enhancing traditional drug efficacy or paving the way for innovative treatment methods. Within this domain, we propose a novel Cobalt-doped hollow polydopamine nanosphere system. This system, incorporating Doxorubicin loading and hyaluronic acid (HA) surface coating (CoHPDA@DOX-HA), is designed for combined tumor therapy. The overarching aim is to diminish the administration dosage, mitigate the cytotoxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs, augment chemosensitivity within neoplastic tissues, and attain superior results in tumor treatment via combined therapeutic strategies. The targeted molecule, hyaluronic acid (HA), amplifies the biocompatibility of CoHPDA@DOX-HA throughout circulation and fosters endocytosis of the nanoparticle system within cancer cells. This nanosphere system possesses pH sensitivity properties, allowing for a meticulous drug release within the acidic microenvironment of tumor cells. Concurrently, Polydopamine (PDA) facilitates proficient photothermal therapy upon exposure to 808 nm laser irradiation. This process further amplifies the Glutathione (GSH) depletion, and when coupled with the oxygen production capabilities of the Cobalt-doped hollow PDA, significantly enhances the chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficiency. Findings from the treatment of tumor-bearing mice substantiate that even at dosages equivalent to a singular DOX administration, the CoHPDA@DOX-HA can provide efficacious synergistic therapy. Therefore, it is anticipated that multifunctional nanomaterials with Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) imaging capabilities, targeted delivery, and a controlled collaborative therapeutic framework may serve as promising alternatives for accurate diagnostics and efficacious treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Qiyao Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaomeng Qu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Feng Cang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-based Active Substances, Harbin 150040, China.
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Śmiech A, Bulak K, Łopuszyński W, Puła A. Incidence and the risk of occurrence of benign and malignant canine skin tumours in Poland - a five-year retrospective study. J Vet Res 2023; 67:437-446. [PMID: 37786849 PMCID: PMC10541663 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to compile data on the frequency and distribution of canine skin tumours and determine the risk of these being malignant as opposed to benign. This determination proceeded from tumour histogenesis and gave consideration to the dog's breed, sex, age and the anatomical location of tumours. Material and Methods This retrospective five-year epidemiological study included 3,139 canine skin tumours collected in Poland. A univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Microscopic analysis showed a significant predominance of benign tumours (65.02%) as well as mesenchymal and melanocytic tumours (59.57%). The most frequently diagnosed were mast cell tumours, accounting for 13.79% of all skin tumours, and other common tumour types were lipomas (6.40%), haemangiopericytomas (5.96%) and malignant melanomas (4.65%). The risk of malignant versus benign tumours was 1.212 times higher in the female than in the male dogs. A higher risk of development of malignant epithelial tumours was found in boxers (OR 4.091), German shepherds (OR 4.085) and flat-coated retrievers (OR 43.596). A higher risk of development of malignant mesenchymal tumours was found in golden retrievers (OR 4.693), boxers (OR 2.342), bulldogs (OR 3.469) and Maltese (OR 2.757). Conclusion The results may serve as a reference point for further studies of the complex biology of canine skin tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śmiech
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Bulak
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Agata Puła
- Student Scientific Circle of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612Lublin, Poland
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The Future of Biomarkers in Veterinary Medicine: Emerging Approaches and Associated Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172194. [PMID: 36077913 PMCID: PMC9454634 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review we seek to outline the role of new technologies in biomarker discovery, particularly within the veterinary field and with an emphasis on ‘omics’, as well as to examine why many biomarkers-despite much excitement-have not yet made it to clinical practice. Further we emphasise the critical need for close collaboration between clinicians, researchers and funding bodies and the need to set clear goals for biomarker requirements and realistic application in the clinical setting, ensuring that biomarker type, method of detection and clinical utility are compatible, and adequate funding, time and sample size are available for all phases of development. Abstract New biomarkers promise to transform veterinary practice through rapid diagnosis of diseases, effective monitoring of animal health and improved welfare and production efficiency. However, the road from biomarker discovery to translation is not always straightforward. This review focuses on molecular biomarkers under development in the veterinary field, introduces the emerging technological approaches transforming this space and the role of ‘omics platforms in novel biomarker discovery. The vast majority of veterinary biomarkers are at preliminary stages of development and not yet ready to be deployed into clinical translation. Hence, we examine the major challenges encountered in the process of biomarker development from discovery, through validation and translation to clinical practice, including the hurdles specific to veterinary practice and to each of the ‘omics platforms–transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Finally, recommendations are made for the planning and execution of biomarker studies with a view to assisting the success of novel biomarkers in reaching their full potential.
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Chu S, Avery A, Yoshimoto J, Bryan JN. Genome wide exploration of the methylome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma in Golden Retrievers reveals a conserved hypermethylome. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2022-2038. [PMID: 35912844 PMCID: PMC9665123 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few recurrent DNA mutations are seen in aggressive canine B cell lymphomas (cBCL), suggesting other frequent drivers. The methylated island recovery assay (MIRA-seq) or methylated CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq) was used to define the genome-wide methylation profiles in aggressive cBCL in Golden Retrievers to determine if cBCL can be better defined by epigenetic changes than by DNA mutations. DNA hypermethylation patterns were relatively homogenous within cBCL samples in Golden Retrievers, in different breeds and in geographical regions. Aberrant hypermethylation is thus suspected to be a central and early event in cBCL lymphomagenesis. Distinct subgroups within cBCL in Golden Retrievers were not identified with DNA methylation profiles. In comparison, the methylome profile of human DLBCL (hDLBCL) is relatively heterogeneous. Only moderate similarity between hDLBCL and cBCL was seen and cBCL likely cannot be accurately classified into the subtypes seen in hDLBCL. Genes with hypermethylated regions in the promoter-TSS-first exon of cBCL compared to normal B cells often also had additional hyper- and hypomethylated regions distributed throughout the gene suggesting non-randomized repeat targeting of key genes by epigenetic mechanisms. The prevalence of hypermethylation in transcription factor families in aggressive cBCL may represent a fundamental step in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Chu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, MO, USA
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Tamlin VS, Bottema CDK, Woolford L, Dobson EC, Kessell AE, Peaston AE. Canine mast cell tumours part I: Clinical and survival outcomes. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1409-1420. [PMID: 35505524 PMCID: PMC9297790 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dogs have a species-specific susceptibility for developing mast cell tumours (MCTs). Mutations in the KIT proto-oncogene (KIT) are known to contribute to the neoplastic biology of mast cells. In dogs, the most common KIT mutation is an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in exon 11 which has been considered a useful prognostic supplement to traditional histopathological tumour grading. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the importance of KIT exon 11 ITD mutation status and known clinical and pathological indices in predicting prognosis in a cohort of Australian dogs diagnosed with MCT. METHODS Clinical parameters, survival data, and KIT mutation status were collected and assessed for 220 dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCT (n = 189 and n = 31, respectively). RESULTS In at least one of the multivariable models, tumour grade (cutaneous Kiupel low or high grade) or tumour subcutaneous location, multiple concurrent MCTs, metastasis at the time of surgery, and senior age were statistically significant in predicting the outcome (MCT-related death and/or second MCT diagnosis) at 6- or 12-month post-tumour excision. KIT exon 11 ITD mutation status was not a significant predictor in any of the final multivariable models and was strongly correlated with high histological grade (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this sample of dogs, tumour histological grading remained the single most powerful prognostic indicator for MCT outcome. However, concurrent evaluation of multiple prognostically significant parameters provides information of potential value to inform therapeutic management for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Tamlin
- Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia D K Bottema
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | | | | | - Anne E Peaston
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
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Jenkins CA, Schofield EC, Mellersh CS, De Risio L, Ricketts SL. Improving the resolution of canine genome-wide association studies using genotype imputation: A study of two breeds. Anim Genet 2021; 52:703-713. [PMID: 34252218 PMCID: PMC8514152 DOI: 10.1111/age.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genotype imputation using a reference panel that combines high-density array data and publicly available whole genome sequence consortium variant data is potentially a cost-effective method to increase the density of extant lower-density array datasets. In this study, three datasets (two Border Collie; one Italian Spinone) generated using a legacy array (Illumina CanineHD, 173 662 SNPs) were utilised to assess the feasibility and accuracy of this approach and to gather additional evidence for the efficacy of canine genotype imputation. The cosmopolitan reference panels used to impute genotypes comprised dogs of 158 breeds, mixed breed dogs, wolves and Chinese indigenous dogs, as well as breed-specific individuals genotyped using the Axiom Canine HD array. The two Border Collie reference panels comprised 808 individuals including 79 Border Collies and 426 326 or 426 332 SNPs; and the Italian Spinone reference panel comprised 807 individuals including 38 Italian Spinoni and 476 313 SNPs. A high accuracy for imputation was observed, with the lowest accuracy observed for one of the Border Collie datasets (mean R2 = 0.94) and the highest for the Italian Spinone dataset (mean R2 = 0.97). This study’s findings demonstrate that imputation of a legacy array study set using a reference panel comprising both breed-specific array data and multi-breed variant data derived from whole genomes is effective and accurate. The process of canine genotype imputation, using the valuable growing resource of publicly available canine genome variant datasets alongside breed-specific data, is described in detail to facilitate and encourage use of this technique in canine genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kennel Club Genetics Centre1, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ellen C Schofield
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kennel Club Genetics Centre1, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cathryn S Mellersh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kennel Club Genetics Centre1, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luisa De Risio
- Neurology/Neurosurgery Service, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
| | - Sally L Ricketts
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kennel Club Genetics Centre1, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Guillen A, Smallwood K, Killick DR. Molecular pathology in the cancer clinic - where are we now and where are we headed? J Small Anim Pract 2021; 62:507-520. [PMID: 33974272 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular pathology is a developing sub-microscopic discipline of pathology that studies the effects of molecular variations and mutations on disease processes. The ultimate goal of molecular pathology in cancer is to predict risk, facilitate diagnosis and improve prognostication based on a complete understanding of the biological impact of specific molecular variations, mutations and dysregulations. This knowledge will provide the basis for customised cancer treatment, so-called precision medicine. Rapid developments in genomics have placed this field at the forefront of clinical molecular pathology and there are already a number of well-established genetic tests available for clinical use including PCR of antigen receptor rearrangement and KIT mutational analysis. Moving beyond tests assessing a single gene, there are significant research efforts utilising genomics to predict cancer risk, forecast aggressive behaviour and identify druggable mutations and therapeutic biomarkers. Researchers are also investigating the use of circulating cells and nucleic acid for clinically useful low morbidity genomic assessments. If we are to realise the full potential of molecular pathology and precision medicine there are a number of challenges to overcome. These include developing our understanding of the underlying biology (in particular intra-tumoural heterogeneity), methodological standardisation of assays, provision of adequate infrastructure and production of novel therapeutics backed by high-quality clinical data supporting the precision medicine approach. The era of molecular pathology holds the potential to revolutionise veterinary cancer care, but its impact on clinical practice will depend upon the extent to which the inherent challenges can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guillen
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - K Smallwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D R Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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Hédan B, Cadieu É, Rimbault M, Vaysse A, Dufaure de Citres C, Devauchelle P, Botherel N, Abadie J, Quignon P, Derrien T, André C. Identification of common predisposing loci to hematopoietic cancers in four dog breeds. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009395. [PMID: 33793571 PMCID: PMC8016107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare but aggressive cancer in both humans and dogs. The spontaneous canine model, which has clinical, epidemiological, and histological similarities with human HS and specific breed predispositions, provides a unique opportunity to unravel the genetic basis of this cancer. In this study, we aimed to identify germline risk factors associated with the development of HS in canine-predisposed breeds. We used a methodology that combined several genome-wide association studies in a multi-breed and multi-cancer approach as well as targeted next-generation sequencing, and imputation We combined several dog breeds (Bernese mountain dogs, Rottweilers, flat-coated retrievers, and golden retrievers), and three hematopoietic cancers (HS, lymphoma, and mast cell tumor). Results showed that we not only refined the previously identified HS risk CDKN2A locus, but also identified new loci on canine chromosomes 2, 5, 14, and 20. Capture and targeted sequencing of specific loci suggested the existence of regulatory variants in non-coding regions and methylation mechanisms linked to risk haplotypes, which lead to strong cancer predisposition in specific dog breeds. We also showed that these canine cancer predisposing loci appeared to be due to the additive effect of several risk haplotypes involved in other hematopoietic cancers such as lymphoma or mast cell tumors as well. This illustrates the pleiotropic nature of these canine cancer loci as observed in human oncology, thereby reinforcing the interest of predisposed dog breeds to study cancer initiation and progression. Because of specific breed structures and artificial selection, pet dogs suffer from numerous genetic diseases, including cancers and represent a unique spontaneous model of human cancers. Here, we focused on histiocytic sarcoma (HS), a rare and highly aggressive cancer in humans. In this study, we have used spontaneous affected and unaffected dogs from three predisposed dog breeds to identify loci involved in HS predisposition. Through genetic analyses, we showed that these canine cancer predispositions are due to the additive effect of several risk haplotypes also involved in the predisposition of other hematopoietic cancers. The corresponding chromosomal regions in humans are involved in the predisposition of several cancers and are also associated with immune traits. This study demonstrates the pleiotropic nature of these canine cancer loci as observed in human oncology, thereby reinforcing the interest of predisposed dog breeds to study mechanisms involved in cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Hédan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Édouard Cadieu
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Maud Rimbault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nadine Botherel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Oniris, Laboniris—Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Nantes, France
| | - Pascale Quignon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine André
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)–UMR6290, Rennes, France
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Labadie JD, Elvers I, Feigelson HS, Magzamen S, Yoshimoto J, Dossey J, Burnett R, Avery AC. Genome-wide association analysis of canine T zone lymphoma identifies link to hypothyroidism and a shared association with mast-cell tumors. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:464. [PMID: 32631225 PMCID: PMC7339439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background T zone lymphoma (TZL), a histologic variant of peripheral T cell lymphoma, represents about 12% of all canine lymphomas. Golden Retrievers appear predisposed, representing over 40% of TZL cases. Prior research found that asymptomatic aged Golden Retrievers frequently have populations of T zone-like cells (phenotypically identical to TZL) of undetermined significance (TZUS), potentially representing a pre-clinical state. These findings suggest a genetic risk factor for this disease and caused us to investigate potential genes of interest using a genome-wide association study of privately-owned U.S. Golden Retrievers. Results Dogs were categorized as TZL (n = 95), TZUS (n = 142), or control (n = 101) using flow cytometry and genotyped using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Using a mixed linear model adjusting for population stratification, we found association with genome-wide significance in regions on chromosomes 8 and 14. The chromosome 14 peak included four SNPs (Odds Ratio = 1.18–1.19, p = .3 × 10− 5–5.1 × 10− 5) near three hyaluronidase genes (SPAM1, HYAL4, and HYALP1). Targeted resequencing of this region using a custom sequence capture array identified missense mutations in all three genes; the variant in SPAM1 was predicted to be damaging. These mutations were also associated with risk for mast cell tumors among Golden Retrievers in an unrelated study. The chromosome 8 peak contained 7 SNPs (Odds Ratio = 1.24–1.42, p = 2.7 × 10− 7–7.5 × 10− 5) near genes involved in thyroid hormone regulation (DIO2 and TSHR). A prior study from our laboratory found hypothyroidism is inversely associated with TZL risk. No coding mutations were found with targeted resequencing but identified variants may play a regulatory role for all or some of the genes. Conclusions The pathogenesis of canine TZL may be related to hyaluronan breakdown and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic byproducts. The association on chromosome 8 may indicate thyroid hormone is involved in TZL development, consistent with findings from a previous study evaluating epidemiologic risk factors for TZL. Future work is needed to elucidate these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Labadie
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ingegerd Elvers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Janna Yoshimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeremy Dossey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Lokeshwar VB, Morera DS, Hasanali SL, Yates TJ, Hupe MC, Knapp J, Lokeshwar SD, Wang J, Hennig MJP, Baskar R, Escudero DO, Racine RR, Dhir N, Jordan AR, Hoye K, Azih I, Manoharan M, Klaassen Z, Kavuri S, Lopez LE, Ghosh S, Lokeshwar BL. A Novel Splice Variant of HYAL-4 Drives Malignant Transformation and Predicts Outcome in Patients with Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3455-3467. [PMID: 32094233 PMCID: PMC7334064 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor prognosis of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer that often metastasizes drives the need for discovery of molecular determinants of bladder cancer progression. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, including CD44, regulate cancer progression; however, the identity of a chondroitinase (Chase) that cleaves chondroitin sulfate from proteoglycans is unknown. HYAL-4 is an understudied gene suspected to encode a Chase, with no known biological function. We evaluated HYAL-4 expression and its role in bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In clinical specimens, HYAL-4 wild-type (Wt) and V1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, IHC, and/or immunoblotting; a novel assay measured Chase activity. Wt and V1 were stably expressed or silenced in normal urothelial and three bladder cancer cell lines. Transfectants were analyzed for stem cell phenotype, invasive signature and tumorigenesis, and metastasis in four xenograft models, including orthotopic bladder. RESULTS HYAL-4 expression, specifically a novel splice variant (V1), was elevated in bladder tumors; Wt expression was barely detectable. V1 encoded a truncated 349 amino acid protein that was secreted. In bladder cancer tissues, V1 levels associated with metastasis and cancer-specific survival with high efficacy and encoded Chase activity. V1 cleaved chondroitin-6-sulfate from CD44, increasing CD44 secretion. V1 induced stem cell phenotype, motility/invasion, and an invasive signature. CD44 knockdown abrogated these phenotypes. V1-expressing urothelial cells developed angiogenic, muscle-invasive tumors. V1-expressing bladder cancer cells formed tumors at low density and formed metastatic bladder tumors when implanted orthotopically. CONCLUSIONS Our study discovered the first naturally-occurring eukaryotic/human Chase and connected it to disease pathology, specifically cancer. V1-Chase is a driver of malignant bladder cancer and potential predictor of outcome in patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Daley S Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarrah L Hasanali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Travis J Yates
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marie C Hupe
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Judith Knapp
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Soum D Lokeshwar
- Honors Program in Medical Education, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Martin J P Hennig
- Department of Urology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rohitha Baskar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Diogo O Escudero
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ronny R Racine
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Neetika Dhir
- Department of Urology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andre R Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kelly Hoye
- Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ijeoma Azih
- Clinical Trials Office, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Murugesan Manoharan
- Division of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sravan Kavuri
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Luis E Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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15
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Pal K, Fröhlich J, Fictum P, Rubes J. Recurrent gene mutations detected in canine mast cell tumours by next generation sequencing. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:509-518. [PMID: 31999054 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic causes of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), except for mutations in the KIT gene detected in some MCTs, are generally unknown. We used whole exome sequencing to reveal mutation spectra in canine MCTs. We detected somatic mutations in 87 genes including 10 genes recognized as human cancer drivers. Besides KIT, 14 other genes were recurrently mutated. Subsequently, we performed next generation sequencing of a panel of 50 selected genes in additional MCT samples. In this group, the most frequently altered gene was GNB1 showing a recurrent dinucleotide substitution at position of Gly116 in 30% of the MCT samples (n = 6/20) and Ile80 substitution accompanied by a splice region mutation in one case. We extended the study by analysis of the above mentioned GNB1 regions in additional MCT samples by Sanger sequencing, and assessed the overall prevalence of GNB1 mutations to 17.3% (n = 14/81), which is similar to the prevalence of KIT alterations. Our results indicate that GNB1 mutations are probably involved in canine MCT pathogenesis in both cutaneous and subcutaneous MCT cases. As opposed to KIT alterations, the presence of GNB1 mutations did not negatively affect survival times, and our data even showed a trend towards positive prognosis. If our results are confirmed in a larger number of MCTs, an extension of molecular testing of canine MCTs by GNB1 analysis would help to refine the molecular stratification of MCTs, and become useful for targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Pal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fröhlich
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Fictum
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Central European Institute of Technology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Tamlin VS, Bottema CDK, Peaston AE. Comparative aspects of mast cell neoplasia in animals and the role of KIT in prognosis and treatment. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:3-18. [PMID: 31650704 PMCID: PMC7036313 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasia clinical presentation and biological behaviour vary considerably across mammalian species, ranging from a solitary benign mass to an aggressive systemic malignancy. Mutations in the KIT Proto‐Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (KIT) gene are common molecular abnormalities involved in mast cell tumorigenesis. KIT mutations often occur in dog, cat and human neoplastic mast cells and result in altered Kit protein structure and function. In dogs, certain KIT mutations are associated with more malignant and lethal disease. In contrast, KIT mutations in feline and human mast cell neoplasms are not correlated with prognosis, but are of value in diagnosis and treatment planning in humans. KIT genetic abnormalities have not been well investigated in other species, although aberrant cytoplasmic Kit protein staining detected in neoplasms of the ferret, horse and cow resembles aberrant Kit staining patterns detected in neoplastic mast cells of dogs, cats and humans. Mutations within KIT are classified as either regulatory‐type or enzymatic pocket‐type mutations according to their location within the KIT Proto‐Oncogene. Mutations within the enzymatic pocket domain confer tumour resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Hence, knowledge of tumour KIT mutation status adds valuable information for optimizing patient treatment strategies. The use of TKIs in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has opened a new treatment avenue for patients unresponsive to existing drugs. This review highlights the similarities and differences of mast cell neoplasia in mammals with a special focus on the involvement of KIT in the canine and feline forms in comparison to human mast cell neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Tamlin
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Cynthia D K Bottema
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Anne E Peaston
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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17
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Zhou Z, Han K, Wu Y, Bai H, Ke Q, Pu F, Wang Y, Xu P. Genome-Wide Association Study of Growth and Body-Shape-Related Traits in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Using ddRAD Sequencing. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:655-670. [PMID: 31332575 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is an economically important marine fish species of China. Due to overfishing and marine pollution, the wild stocks of this croaker have collapsed in the past decades. Meanwhile, the cultured croaker is facing the difficulties of reduced genetic diversity and low growth rate. To explore the molecular markers related to the growth traits of croaker and providing the related SNPs for the marker-assisted selection, we used double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to dissect the genetic bases of growth traits in a cultured population and identify the SNPs that associated with important growth traits by GWAS. A total of 220 individuals were genotyped by ddRAD sequencing. After quality control, 27,227 SNPs were identified in 220 samples and used for GWAS analysis. We identified 13 genome-wide significant associated SNPs of growth traits on 8 chromosomes, and the beta P of these SNPs ranged from 0.01 to 0.86. Through the definition of candidate regions and gene annotation, candidate genes related to growth were identified, including important regulators such as fgf18, fgf1, nr3c1, cyp8b1, fabp2, cyp2r1, ppara, and ccm2l. We also identified SNPs and candidate genes that significantly associated with body shape, including bmp7, col1a1, col11a2, and col18a1, which are also economically important traits for large yellow croaker aquaculture. The results provided insights into the genetic basis of growth and body shape in large yellow croaker population and would provide reliable genetic markers for molecular marker-assisted selection in the future. Meanwhile, the result established a basis for our subsequent fine mapping and related gene study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kunhuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yidi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaqiang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Canine Melanomas as Models for Human Melanomas: Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Comparison. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070501. [PMID: 31262050 PMCID: PMC6678806 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent genetic advances and numerous ongoing therapeutic trials, malignant melanoma remains fatal, and prognostic factors as well as more efficient treatments are needed. The development of such research strongly depends on the availability of appropriate models recapitulating all the features of human melanoma. The concept of comparative oncology, with the use of spontaneous canine models has recently acquired a unique value as a translational model. Canine malignant melanomas are naturally occurring cancers presenting striking homologies with human melanomas. As for many other cancers, dogs present surprising breed predispositions and higher frequency of certain subtypes per breed. Oral melanomas, which are much more frequent and highly severe in dogs and cutaneous melanomas with severe digital forms or uveal subtypes are subtypes presenting relevant homologies with their human counterparts, thus constituting close models for these human melanoma subtypes. This review addresses how canine and human melanoma subtypes compare based on their epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics, and how comparative oncology approaches can provide insights into rare and poorly characterized melanoma subtypes in humans that are frequent and breed-specific in dogs. We propose canine malignant melanomas as models for rare non-UV-induced human melanomas, especially mucosal melanomas. Naturally affected dogs offer the opportunity to decipher the genetics at both germline and somatic levels and to explore therapeutic options, with the dog entering preclinical trials as human patients, benefiting both dogs and humans.
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19
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Ujvari B, Klaassen M, Raven N, Russell T, Vittecoq M, Hamede R, Thomas F, Madsen T. Genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2589. [PMID: 29563261 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity is essential for adaptive capacities, providing organisms with the potential of successfully responding to intrinsic and extrinsic challenges. Although a clear reciprocal link between genetic diversity and resistance to parasites and pathogens has been established across taxa, the impact of loss of genetic diversity by inbreeding on the emergence and progression of non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, has been overlooked. Here we provide an overview of such associations and show that low genetic diversity and inbreeding associate with an increased risk of cancer in both humans and animals. Cancer being a multifaceted disease, loss of genetic diversity can directly (via accumulation of oncogenic homozygous mutations) and indirectly (via increased susceptibility to oncogenic pathogens) impact abnormal cell emergence and escape of immune surveillance. The observed link between reduced genetic diversity and cancer in wildlife may further imperil the long-term survival of numerous endangered species, highlighting the need to consider the impact of cancer in conservation biology. Finally, the somewhat incongruent data originating from human studies suggest that the association between genetic diversity and cancer development is multifactorial and may be tumour specific. Further studies are therefore crucial in order to elucidate the underpinnings of the interactions between genetic diversity, inbreeding and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Nynke Raven
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tracey Russell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Institut de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thomas Madsen
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
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20
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Inbreeding depression causes reduced fecundity in Golden Retrievers. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:166-172. [PMID: 31115595 PMCID: PMC6606663 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09805-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression has been demonstrated to impact vital rates, productivity, and performance in human populations, wild and endangered species, and in recent years, the domestic species. In all cases, standardized, high-quality phenotype data on all individuals are invaluable for longitudinal analyses such as those required to evaluate vital rates of a study cohort. Further, many investigators agree upon the preference for and utility of genomic measures of inbreeding in lieu of pedigree-based estimates of inbreeding. We evaluated the association of measures of reproductive fitness in 93 Golden Retrievers enrolled in the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study with a genomic measurement of inbreeding, FROH. We demonstrate a statistically significant negative correlation between fecundity and FROH. This work sets the stage for larger scale analyses to investigate genomic regions associated with fecundity and other measures of fitness.
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21
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Occurrence and Distribution of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumour Characteristics Among Predisposed Breeds. J Vet Res 2019; 63:141-148. [PMID: 30989146 PMCID: PMC6458547 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breed predisposition to cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCT) in a population of dogs in Poland affected by various skin tumours was assessed, and the distribution of MCT characteristics such as histological grading, sex, age, and location, in predisposed breeds was evaluated. Material and Methods The retrospective epidemiological study included 550 dogs affected by cutaneous MCTs with a reference group of 2,557 dogs diagnosed with other skin tumours. Results A univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. The risk of high-grade MCTs was the highest for Shar-Peis (OR: 26.394) and American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.897). Boxers (OR: 6.619), Labrador Retrievers (OR: 2.630), French Bulldogs (OR: 2.050), Golden Retrievers (OR: 1.949), and American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.592) were mainly affected by low-grade MCTs. The high risk of MCT was calculated to be at the age of 4–6 years for Labrador Retrievers (OR: 2.686) and 7–10 years for Boxers (OR: 2.956) and French Bulldogs (OR: 9.429). MCTs were significantly more often located on the trunk in French Bulldogs (OR: 4.680), American Staffordshire Terriers (OR: 2.520), and Labrador Retrievers (OR: 1.948). There was no statistically significant correlation between gender and the occurrence of MCTs in the breeds. Conclusions The breed-predicated differences in the clinical course of MCTs suggest a genetic background for the tumours.
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Biasoli D, Compston-Garnett L, Ricketts SL, Birand Z, Courtay-Cahen C, Fineberg E, Arendt M, Boerkamp K, Melin M, Koltookian M, Murphy S, Rutteman G, Lindblad-Toh K, Starkey M. A synonymous germline variant in a gene encoding a cell adhesion molecule is associated with cutaneous mast cell tumour development in Labrador and Golden Retrievers. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007967. [PMID: 30901340 PMCID: PMC6447235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumours are the most common type of skin cancer in dogs, representing a significant concern in canine health. The molecular pathogenesis is largely unknown, but breed-predisposition for mast cell tumour development suggests the involvement of inherited genetic risk factors in some breeds. In this study, we aimed to identify germline risk factors associated with the development of mast cell tumours in Labrador Retrievers, a breed with an elevated risk of mast cell tumour development. Using a methodological approach that combined a genome-wide association study, targeted next generation sequencing, and TaqMan genotyping, we identified a synonymous variant in the DSCAM gene on canine chromosome 31 that is associated with mast cell tumours in Labrador Retrievers. DSCAM encodes a cell-adhesion molecule. We showed that the variant has no effect on the DSCAM mRNA level but is associated with a significant reduction in the level of the DSCAM protein, suggesting that the variant affects the dynamics of DSCAM mRNA translation. Furthermore, we showed that the variant is also associated with mast cell tumours in Golden Retrievers, a breed that is closely related to Labrador Retrievers and that also has a predilection for mast cell tumour development. The variant is common in both Labradors and Golden Retrievers and consequently is likely to be a significant genetic contributor to the increased susceptibility of both breeds to develop mast cell tumours. The results presented here not only represent an important contribution to the understanding of mast cell tumour development in dogs, as they highlight the role of cell adhesion in mast cell tumour tumourigenesis, but they also emphasise the potential importance of the effects of synonymous variants in complex diseases such as cancer. The combination of various genetic and environmental risk factors makes the understanding of the molecular circuitry behind complex diseases, like cancer, a major challenge. The homogeneous nature of pedigree dog breed genomes makes these dogs ideal for the identification of both simple disease-causing genetic variants and genetic risk factors for complex diseases. Mast cell tumours are the most common type of canine skin cancer, and one of the most common cancers affecting dogs of most breeds. Several breeds, including Labrador Retrievers (which represent one of the most popular dog breeds), have an elevated risk of mast cell tumour development. Here, by using a methodological approach that combined different techniques, we identified a common inherited synonymous variant, that predisposes Labrador Retrievers to mast cell tumour development. Interestingly, we showed that this variant, despite its synonymous nature, appears to have an effect on translation dynamics as it is associated with reduced levels of DSCAM, a cell adhesion molecule. The results presented here reveal dysregulation of cell adhesion to be an important factor in mast cell tumour pathogenesis, and also highlight the important role that synonymous variants can play in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maja Arendt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kim Boerkamp
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Melin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Koltookian
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Sue Murphy
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Rutteman
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Veterinary Specialist Centre De Wagenrenk, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mike Starkey
- Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Śmiech A, Ślaska B, Bownik A, Grzybowska-Szatkowska L, Dudka J, Łopuszyński W. Heteroplasmic Mutations and Polymorphisms in the Cyb Gene of Mitochondrial DNA in Canine Mast Cell Tumours. In Vivo 2018; 33:57-63. [PMID: 30587603 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM Identification of mutations and polymorphisms in the cytochrome b gene (Cyb) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in canine mast cell tumours and determinatiion of their association with the process of neoplastic transformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples comprised tumour tissues and blood obtained from 34 dogs of various breeds. Mutations and polymorphisms in the Cyb gene were detected using amplification and sequencing methods. RESULTS Heteroplasmic mutations were detected at seven positions of mtDNA in 86% of the individuals. Blood and tumour heteroplasmy were recorded at five nucleotide positions of the Cyb gene, whereas tumour heteroplasmy was detected at two positions. Polymorphisms were detected at 14 Cyb gene positions in in the blood of 91% of dogs with mast cell tumours. CONCLUSION The presence of numerous mutations and polymorphisms of Cyb in the blood and tumour tissues and the high frequency of heteroplasmy indicate their involvement in the process of neoplastic transformation in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Śmiech
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Internal Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Department of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Bownik
- Department of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Jarosław Dudka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łopuszyński
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Internal Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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24
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Zhou Z, Chen L, Dong C, Peng W, Kong S, Sun J, Pu F, Chen B, Feng J, Xu P. Genome-Scale Association Study of Abnormal Scale Pattern in Yellow River Carp Identified Previously Known Causative Gene in European Mirror Carp. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:573-583. [PMID: 29882019 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most widely studied fish species due to its great economic value and strong environmental adaptability. Scattered scale, a typical phenotype of the mirror carp that is derived from Europe, has never been observed in the Yellow River carp previously. We recently identified approximately one fourth of the F1 progenies displaying scattered scale in a full-sib Yellow River carp family in our breeding program, despite both parents that showed wild type with normal scale patterns. This family provides us unique materials to investigate the genetic basis underlying the abnormal scale mutant in Yellow River carp population. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) and association mapping were performed based on genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped with common carp 250 K SNP genotyping array in 82 samples of the Yellow River carp family. We identified a 1.4 Mb genome region that was significantly associated with abnormal scattered scale patterns. We further identified a deletion mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 a1 (fgfr1a1) gene within this genome region. Amplification and sequencing analysis of this gene revealed a 311-bp deletion in intron 10 and exon 11, which proved that fgfr1a1 could be the causal gene responsible for abnormal scattered scale in the Yellow River carp family. Since similar fragment mutation with 306-bp and 310-bp deletions had been previously reported as causal mutation of scattered scale patterns in the mirror carp, we speculate that either the deletion mutation was introduced from Europe-derived mirror carp or the deletion independently occurred in the mutation hotspot in fgfr1a1 gene. The results provided insights into the genetic basis of scale pattern mutant in Yellow River carp population, which would help us to eliminate the recessive allele of the abnormal scale patterns in Yellow River carp population by molecular marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Wenzhu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shengnan Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jinsheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Fei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Baohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jianxin Feng
- Henan Academy of Fishery Science, Zhengzhou, 450044, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Comazzi S, Marelli S, Cozzi M, Rizzi R, Finotello R, Henriques J, Pastor J, Ponce F, Rohrer-Bley C, Rütgen BC, Teske E. Breed-associated risks for developing canine lymphoma differ among countries: an European canine lymphoma network study. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:232. [PMID: 30081964 PMCID: PMC6090884 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine breeds may be considered good animal models for the study of genetic predisposition to cancer, as they represent genetic clusters. From epidemiologic and case collection studies it emerges that some breeds are more likely to develop lymphoma or specific subtypes of lymphoma but available data are variable and geographically inconsistent. This study was born in the context of the European Canine Lymphoma Network with the aim of investigating the breed prevalence of canine lymphoma in different European countries and of investigating possible breed risk of lymphoma overall and/or different lymphoma subtypes. RESULTS A total of 1529 canine nodal lymphoma cases and 55,529 control cases from 8 European countries/institutions were retrospectively collected. Odds ratios for lymphoma varied among different countries but Doberman, Rottweiler, boxer and Bernese mountain dogs showed a significant predisposition to lymphoma. In particular, boxers tended to develop T-cell lymphomas (either high- or low-grade) while Rottweilers had a high prevalence of B-cell lymphomas. Labradors were not predisposed to lymphoma overall but tended to develop mainly high-grade T-cell lymphomas. In contrast with previous studies outside of Europe, the European golden retriever population did not show any possible predisposition to lymphoma overall or to specific subtypes such as T-zone lymphoma. CONCLUSION Further prospective studies with more precise and consistent subtype identification are needed to confirm our retrospective results and to create the basis for the investigation of possible genes involved in different predispositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Cozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Josep Pastor
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederique Ponce
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Carla Rohrer-Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Small Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara C Rütgen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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26
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Ilyinskaya GV, Mukhina EV, Soboleva AV, Matveeva OV, Chumakov PM. Oncolytic Sendai Virus Therapy of Canine Mast Cell Tumors (A Pilot Study). Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:116. [PMID: 29915788 PMCID: PMC5995045 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Canine mastocytomas (mast cell tumors) represent a common malignancy among many dog breeds. A typical treatment strategy for canine mastocytomas includes surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy, although in many cases the therapy fails and the disease progression resumes. New treatment approaches are needed. Aims: The goal of this pilot study was to examine safety and efficacy of oncolytic Sendai virus therapy administered to canine patients with cutaneous or subcutaneous mastocytomas. Materials and Methods: Six canine patients, with variable grades and stages of the disease, received virus therapy, either as a monotherapy, or in combination with surgery. The therapy included two or more virus applications administered weekly or biweekly. Each application of Sendai virus (107-108.6 EID50) consisted of multiple individual 0.01-0.1 ml injections delivered intratumorally, intradermally around a tumor, and under a tumor bed. Results: The treatment was well tolerated, with minor transitory side effects. Of the six dogs, two did not receive surgery or any other treatment besides the virus injections. The other four animals underwent radical or debulking surgeries, and in three of them the subsequent administration of Sendai virus completely cleared locally recurrent or/and remaining tumor masses. Five dogs demonstrated a complete response to the treatment, the animals remained disease free during the time of observation (2-3 years). One dog responded only partially to the virotherapy; its after-surgical recurrent tumor and some, but not all, metastases were cleared. This dog had the most advanced stage of the disease with multiple enlarged lymph nodes and cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study suggest that Sendai virus injections could be safe and efficient for the treatment of dogs affected by mastocytomas.They also suggest the need of further studies for finding optimal schemes and schedules for this kind of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V. Ilyinskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Mukhina
- Veterinary Clinic of Herzen Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter M. Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Moscow, Russia
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Chondrogenic potential of IL-10 in mechanically injured cartilage and cellularized collagen ACI grafts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:264-275. [PMID: 29169959 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The application of adjunctive mediators in Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) techniques might be useful for improving the dedifferentiated chondrocyte phenotype, to support neocartilage formation and inhibit post-traumatic cartilage destruction. In this study we examined if (a) interleukin 10 treatment can cause chondrogenic phenotype stabilization and matrix preservation in mechanically injured cartilage and if (b) IL-10 can promote chondrogenesis in a clinically applied collagen scaffold for ACI treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS For (a) bovine articular cartilage was harvested, subjected to an axial unconfined injury and treated with bovine IL-10 (1-10,000 pg/ng/ml). For (b) a post-operatively remaining ACI graft was treated with human IL-10. Expression levels of type I/II/X collagen, SOX9 and aggrecan were measured by qPCR (a,b). After 3 weeks cell death was analyzed (nuclear blebbing and TUNEL assay) and matrix composition was determined by GAG measurements and immunohistochemistry (aggrecan, type I/II collagen, hyaluronic acid). STATISTICS One way ANOVA analysis with Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS (a) IL-10 stabilized the chondrogenic phenotype after injurious compression and preserved matrix integrity. This was indicated by elevated expression of chondrogenic markers COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, while COL1A1 and COL10A1 were reduced. An increased GAG content paralleled this and histological staining of type 2 collagen, aggrecan and toluidine blue were enhanced after 3 weeks. (b) IL-10 [100 pg/ml] improved the chondrogenic differentiation of human chondrocytes, which was accompanied by cartilaginous matrix formation after 3 weeks of incubation. CONCLUSION Interleukin-10 is a versatile adjuvant candidate to control the post-injurious environment in cartilage defects and promote chondrogenesis in ACI grafts.
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28
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Hughes KL, Labadie JD, Yoshimoto JA, Dossey JJ, Burnett RC, Avery AC. Increased frequency of CD45 negative T cells (T zone cells) in older Golden retriever dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E109-E116. [PMID: 28905476 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T zone lymphoma (TZL) is characterized by the clonal expansion of T cells lacking expression of the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45 (TZ cells). A strong breed predisposition is observed in Golden retrievers. This study aimed to confirm aberrant CD45 mRNA expression and determine if Golden retrievers without clinical lymphoma have an increased frequency of circulating TZ cells. Gene expression analysis on confirmed TZL cases showed a significant decrease in CD45 expression compared to normal dogs. Peripheral blood samples from senior dogs, 242 Golden retrievers and 42 non-Golden retrievers, without evidence of lymphoproliferative disease were assessed for the presence of TZ cells by flow cytometry. Thirty-one percent of Golden retrievers had TZ cells compared to 14% of non-Golden retrievers. Thirty-four percent of Golden retrievers with TZ cells had a clonal T cell receptor gamma (TRG) gene rearrangement. Interestingly, 20% of Golden retrievers without TZ cells also had a clonal TRG rearrangement. Golden retrievers may have an increased risk of TZL due to an increased frequency of TZ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hughes
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J D Labadie
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J A Yoshimoto
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J J Dossey
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - R C Burnett
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - A C Avery
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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29
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Genomic profiling of canine mast cell tumors identifies DNA copy number aberrations associated with KIT mutations and high histological grade. Chromosome Res 2017; 25:129-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s10577-016-9543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Abstract
This article summarizes the relevant definitions related to biomarkers; reviews the general processes related to biomarker discovery and ultimate acceptance and use; and finally summarizes and reviews, to the extent possible, examples of the types of biomarkers used in animal species within veterinary clinical practice and human and veterinary drug development. We highlight opportunities for collaboration and coordination of research within the veterinary community and leveraging of resources from human medicine to support biomarker discovery and validation efforts for veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855;
| | - Emily R Smith
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855;
| | - Phillip G Turfle
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855;
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31
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van Steenbeek FG, Hytönen MK, Leegwater PAJ, Lohi H. The canine era: the rise of a biomedical model. Anim Genet 2016; 47:519-27. [PMID: 27324307 DOI: 10.1111/age.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the annotation of its genome a decade ago, the dog has proven to be an excellent model for the study of inherited diseases. A large variety of spontaneous simple and complex phenotypes occur in dogs, providing physiologically relevant models to corresponding human conditions. In addition, gene discovery is facilitated in clinically less heterogeneous purebred dogs with closed population structures because smaller study cohorts and fewer markers are often sufficient to expose causal variants. Here, we review the development of genomic resources from microsatellites to whole-genome sequencing and give examples of successful findings that have followed the technological progress. The increasing amount of whole-genome sequence data warrants better functional annotation of the canine genome to more effectively utilise this unique model to understand genetic contributions in morphological, behavioural and other complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G van Steenbeek
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - M K Hytönen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences 00014, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P A J Leegwater
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Lohi
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences 00014, Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Mochizuki H, Motsinger-Reif A, Bettini C, Moroff S, Breen M. Association of breed and histopathological grade in canine mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:829-839. [PMID: 27198171 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between breed and the histopathological grade of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs). A retrospective survey of pathology data of 9375 histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of cutaneous MCTs in the US was evaluated in the context of breed prevalence in over two million registered purebred dogs. Association of histopathological grade with breed, age, sex and spay/neuter status was assessed. The data indicate that the proportion of high-grade tumours increases with advancing age, and that male and intact dogs have increased odds of developing high-grade tumours. A significant difference in the proportion of high-grade tumours between breeds was detected. The Pug was at significantly increased risk of developing low/intermediate-grade tumours, but not high-grade tumours, resulting in preponderance of less aggressive MCTs in this breed. The results of this study suggest a genetic association for the development of high-grade MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mochizuki
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A Motsinger-Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - C Bettini
- American Kennel Club, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S Moroff
- Antech Diagnostics Inc., New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - M Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Hekman JP, Johnson JL, Kukekova AV. Transcriptome Analysis in Domesticated Species: Challenges and Strategies. Bioinform Biol Insights 2016; 9:21-31. [PMID: 26917953 PMCID: PMC4756862 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s29334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Domesticated species occupy a special place in the human world due to their economic and cultural value. In the era of genomic research, domesticated species provide unique advantages for investigation of diseases and complex phenotypes. RNA sequencing, or RNA-seq, has recently emerged as a new approach for studying transcriptional activity of the whole genome, changing the focus from individual genes to gene networks. RNA-seq analysis in domesticated species may complement genome-wide association studies of complex traits with economic importance or direct relevance to biomedical research. However, RNA-seq studies are more challenging in domesticated species than in model organisms. These challenges are at least in part associated with the lack of quality genome assemblies for some domesticated species and the absence of genome assemblies for others. In this review, we discuss strategies for analyzing RNA-seq data, focusing particularly on questions and examples relevant to domesticated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Hekman
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Anna V. Kukekova
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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Abstract
Spontaneous cancers in client-owned dogs closely recapitulate their human counterparts with respect to clinical presentation, histological features, molecular profiles, and response and resistance to therapy, as well as the evolution of drug-resistant metastases. In several instances the incorporation of dogs with cancer into the preclinical development path of cancer therapeutics has influenced outcome by helping to establish pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics relationships, dose/regimen, expected clinical toxicities, and ultimately the potential for biologic activity. As our understanding regarding the molecular drivers of canine cancers has improved, unique opportunities have emerged to leverage this spontaneous model to better guide cancer drug development so that therapies likely to fail are eliminated earlier and therapies with true potential are optimized prior to human studies. Both pets and people benefit from this approach, as it provides dogs with access to cutting-edge cancer treatments and helps to insure that people are given treatments more likely to succeed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
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