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Parker HG, Harris AC, Plassais J, Dhawan D, Kim EM, Knapp DW, Ostrander EA. Genome-wide analyses reveals an association between invasive urothelial carcinoma in the Shetland sheepdog and NIPAL1. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:112. [PMID: 38778091 PMCID: PMC11111773 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring canine invasive urinary carcinoma (iUC) closely resembles human muscle invasive bladder cancer in terms of histopathology, metastases, response to therapy, and low survival rate. The heterogeneous nature of the disease has led to the association of large numbers of risk loci in humans, however most are of small effect. There exists a need for new and accurate animal models of invasive bladder cancer. In dogs, distinct breeds show markedly different rates of iUC, thus presenting an opportunity to identify additional risk factors and overcome the locus heterogeneity encountered in human mapping studies. In the association study presented here, inclusive of 100 Shetland sheepdogs and 58 dogs of other breeds, we identify a homozygous protein altering point mutation within the NIPAL1 gene which increases risk by eight-fold (OR = 8.42, CI = 3.12-22.71), accounting for nearly 30% of iUC risk in the Shetland sheepdog. Inclusion of six additional loci accounts for most of the disease risk in the breed and explains nearly 75% of the phenotypes in this study. When combined with sequence data from tumors, we show that variation in the MAPK signaling pathway is an overarching cause of iUC susceptibility in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi G Parker
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander C Harris
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn Plassais
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, CNRS-UMR6290, University of Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Erika M Kim
- Center for Biomedical Informatics & Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Deborah W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Bell SM, Evans JM, Greif EA, Tsai KL, Friedenberg SG, Clark LA. GWAS using low-pass whole genome sequence reveals a novel locus in canine congenital idiopathic megaesophagus. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:464-472. [PMID: 37041421 PMCID: PMC10600401 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital idiopathic megaesophagus (CIM) is a gastrointestinal disorder of dogs wherein the esophagus is dilated and swallowing activity is reduced, causing regurgitation of ingesta. Affected individuals experience weight loss and malnourishment and are at risk for aspiration pneumonia, intussusception, and euthanasia. Great Danes have among the highest incidences of CIM across dog breeds, suggesting a genetic predisposition. We generated low-pass sequencing data for 83 Great Danes and used variant calls to impute missing whole genome single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) for each individual based on haplotypes phased from 624 high-coverage dog genomes, including 21 Great Danes. We validated the utility of our imputed data set for genome-wide association studies (GWASs) by mapping loci known to underlie coat phenotypes with simple and complex inheritance patterns. We conducted a GWAS for CIM with 2,010,300 SNVs, identifying a novel locus on canine chromosome 1 (P-val = 2.76 × 10-10). Associated SNVs are intergenic or intronic and are found in two clusters across a 1.7-Mb region. Inspection of coding regions in high-coverage genomes from affected Great Danes did not reveal candidate causal variants, suggesting that regulatory variants underlie CIM. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of these non-coding variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bell
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Evans
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Greif
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kate L Tsai
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Leigh Anne Clark
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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3
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OSHIMA A, ITO D, KATAKURA F, MIYAMAE J, OKANO M, NAKAZAWA M, KANAZONO S, MORITOMO T, KITAGAWA M. Dog leukocyte antigen class II alleles and haplotypes associated with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin in Chihuahuas. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:62-70. [PMID: 36418080 PMCID: PMC9887217 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic non-infectious meningoencephalomyelitis (NIME), which is thought to be an immune-mediated disease, is a common inflammatory disease in dogs. Meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), a subgroup of NIME, consists of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis. Recent studies have shown associations between disease development and dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II genes in NME in Pugs and in NIME in Greyhounds. This study focused on Chihuahuas, which have a high incidence of MUO and are one of the most common dog breeds in Japan. Because the development of MUO seems to be associated with DLA class II genes, we aimed to evaluate the association between DLA class II genes and MUO development in Chihuahuas. Blood samples were obtained from 22 Chihuahuas with MUO (MUO group) and 46 without neurological diseases (control). The allele sequences of three DLA class II loci were determined, and haplotypes were estimated from these data. In total, 23 haplotypes were detected. The frequency of one haplotype (DLA-DRB1*015:01--DQA1*006:01--DQB1*023:01) was significantly higher in the MUO group than in the control group (odds ratio, 7.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-36.81; P=0.0141). The results suggest that the development of MUO in Chihuahuas may be associated with DLA class II genes. Because the identified risk haplotypes differed from those of other breeds, the pathogenesis of NIME-related diseases may differ among dog breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka OSHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke ITO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan,Correspondence to: Ito D: , Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology, Department
of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Fumihiko KATAKURA
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jiro MIYAMAE
- Faculty of Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaharu OKANO
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megu NAKAZAWA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinichi KANAZONO
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Service, Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadaaki MORITOMO
- Laboratory of Comparative Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato KITAGAWA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Barthélémy I, Hitte C, Tiret L. The Dog Model in the Spotlight: Legacy of a Trustful Cooperation. J Neuromuscul Dis 2020; 6:421-451. [PMID: 31450509 PMCID: PMC6918919 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-190394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dogs have long been used as a biomedical model system and in particular as a preclinical proof of concept for innovative therapies before translation to humans. A recent example of the utility of this animal model is the promising myotubularin gene delivery in boys affected by X-linked centronuclear myopathy after successful systemic, long-term efficient gene therapy in Labrador retrievers. Mostly, this is due to unique features that make dogs an optimal system. The continuous emergence of spontaneous inherited disorders enables the identification of reliable complementary molecular models for human neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). Dogs’ characteristics including size, lifespan and unprecedented medical care level allow a comprehensive longitudinal description of diseases. Moreover, the highly similar pathogenic mechanisms with human patients yield to translational robustness. Finally, interindividual phenotypic heterogeneity between dogs helps identifying modifiers and anticipates precision medicine issues. This review article summarizes the present list of molecularly characterized dog models for NMDs and provides an exhaustive list of the clinical and paraclinical assays that have been developed. This toolbox offers scientists a sensitive and reliable system to thoroughly evaluate neuromuscular function, as well as efficiency and safety of innovative therapies targeting these NMDs. This review also contextualizes the model by highlighting its unique genetic value, shaped by the long-term coevolution of humans and domesticated dogs. Because the dog is one of the most protected research animal models, there is considerable opposition to include it in preclinical projects, posing a threat to the use of this model. We thus discuss ethical issues, emphasizing that unlike many other models, the dog also benefits from its contribution to comparative biomedical research with a drastic reduction in the prevalence of morbid alleles in the breeding stock and an improvement in medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Barthélémy
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, UPEC, EFS, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Christophe Hitte
- CNRS, University of Rennes 1, UMR 6290, IGDR, Faculty of Medicine, SFR Biosit, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Tiret
- U955 - IMRB, Team 10 - Biology of the neuromuscular system, Inserm, UPEC, EFS, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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5
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Yang SH, Chang C, Lian ZX. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis - challenges in diagnosis and management. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2:100018. [PMID: 32743506 PMCID: PMC7388349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are different disease subtypes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). The main clinical features of PM and DM include progressive symmetric, predominantly proximal muscle weakness. Laboratory findings include elevated creatine kinase (CK), autoantibodies in serum, and inflammatory infiltrates in muscle biopsy. Dermatomyositis can also involve a characteristic skin rash. Both polymyositis and dermatomyositis can present with extramuscular involvement. The causative factor is agnogenic activation of immune system, leading to immunologic attacks on muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries. The treatment of choice is immunosuppression. PM and DM can be distinguished from other IIMs and myopathies by thorough history, physical examinations and laboratory evaluation and adherence to specific and up-to-date diagnosis criteria and classification standards. Treatment is based on correct diagnosis of these conditions. Challenges of diagnosis and management influences the clinical research and practice of Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Diagnostic criteria have been updated and novel therapies have been developed in PM/DM. Pathogenesis investigation and diagnosis precision improvement may help to guide future treatment strategies.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- AZA, Azathioprine
- CAM, cancer associated myositis
- CK, creatine kinase
- DM, dermatomyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Diagnosis criteria
- EMG, electromyography
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- IIM, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
- ILD, interstitial lung disease
- IV, intravenous
- Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
- JDM, juvenile dermatomyositis
- MAA, myositis associated antibody
- MAC, membrane attack complex
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMF, mycophenolate mofetil
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MSA, myositis specific antibody
- MTX, methotrexate
- MUAP, motor unit action potential
- NAM, necrotizing autoimmune myopathy
- PM, polymyositis
- Polymyositis
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Treatment
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- UVR, ultraviolet radiation
- sIBM, sporadic inclusion body myositis
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Yang
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, FL, USA
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Chronic Disease Laboratory, Institutes for Life Sciences and School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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6
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Backel KA, Bradley CW, Cain CL, Morris DO, Goldschmidt KH, Mauldin EA. Canine ischaemic dermatopathy: a retrospective study of 177 cases (2005-2016). Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:403-e122. [PMID: 31297888 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic dermatopathy encompasses a poorly understood subset of canine diseases that share similar clinical and histological features. Very little information is currently available regarding population characteristics, progression and outcome. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of ischaemia dermatopathy, excluding familial dermatomyositis, using cases diagnosed by histopathological analysis. ANIMALS One hundred and seventy-seven cases submitted for histopathological analysis between 2005 and 2016 met inclusion criteria, of which 93 had complete medical records available. METHODS AND MATERIALS Both records and pointed surveys were used to retrieve information. Scoring systems were created to subjectively evaluate clinical outcomes and likelihood of a vaccine association. RESULTS Of 177 cases, toy and miniature poodles, Chihuahuas, Maltese, Yorkshire terriers and Jack Russell terriers were significantly over-represented (P < 0.001). Of the 93 cases for which historical data were obtained, median age at skin biopsy was five years (0.42-13 years) and median body weight was 7.3 kg (range 1.32-50.3 kg). The condition in 45 dogs (48.3%) was found likely to be associated with vaccination. Younger ages (P = 0.011) and higher body weights (P = 0.003) were positively correlated with greater likelihood of vaccination. Body weight <10 kg (P = 0.0045) and older ages (P = 0.0048) were significantly associated with worse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This study provides support for breed predispositions and identifies potential prognostic factors. Importantly, over half of the cases were considered unlikely to be vaccine-associated, demonstrating the need to investigate other underlying causes of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Backel
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles W Bradley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel O Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kyle H Goldschmidt
- Operations and Supply Chain Management, University of St. Thomas, 1000 LaSalle Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55403, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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7
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Levy BJ, Linder KE, Olivry T. The role of oclacitinib in the management of ischaemic dermatopathy in four dogs. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:201-e63. [PMID: 31006925 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic dermatopathy represents a heterogenous and poorly-characterized canine syndrome that is often refractory to conventional immunosuppression. Janus-kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) are used for the treatment of various human autoimmune diseases, including dermatomyositis. Oclacitinib is a generally well-tolerated, veterinary-approved, nonselective JAKinib that has therapeutic potential as an immunosuppressant. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe four cases of treatment refractory juvenile-onset ischaemic dermatopathy that rapidly and durably responded to oclacitinib administration. ANIMALS Four mixed-breed dogs, three 9-month-old male littermates and one 6-month-old female, were presented for generalized patchy alopecia, scarring and ulcerative dermatitis. Microscopic skin lesions were consistent with a severe ischaemic dermatopathy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A complete remission of skin lesions could not be achieved in any dog with glucocorticoids alone, nor when these were combined with adjuvant immunosuppressants. Oclacitinib treatment was then initiated at the dosage of 0.4-0.7 mg/kg twice daily, along with a tapering regimen of oral prednisolone. RESULTS A full clinical remission was achieved within four weeks of starting this combination therapy, with prednisolone being stopped within eight weeks thereof. Remission was maintained in two dogs with lower doses or dosing frequencies of oclacitinib, whereas the two others required persistent twice daily administration of this JAKinib. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Oclacitinib was a useful immunosuppressive adjuvant to oral glucocorticoids for the treatment of refractory or severe cases of ischaemic dermatopathy in these four dogs. Such observation warrants further studies of the safety, efficacy and mechanism of action of oclacitinib as an immunosuppressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt J Levy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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8
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Treeful AE, Rendahl AK, Friedenberg SG. DLA class II haplotypes show sex-specific associations with primary hypoadrenocorticism in Standard Poodle dogs. Immunogenetics 2019; 71:373-382. [PMID: 30968193 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-019-01113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Addison's disease (AD) is a life-threatening endocrine disorder that occurs spontaneously in both humans and dogs. Associations between MHC class II genes and AD have been shown in several human studies. Our goal was to identify MHC class II associations with AD in a large population of Standard Poodles, a breed highly predisposed to AD. We sequenced exon 2 of the class II genes DLA-DRB1, DLA-DQA1, and DLA-DQB1 in 110 affected and 101 unaffected Standard Poodles and tested for association with AD. After correcting for population structure, two haplotypes were found to confer risk of developing AD in a sex-specific manner: DLA-DRB1*015:01-DQA1*006:01-DQB1*023:01 in males (x2p = 0.03, OR 2.1) and DLA-DRB1*009:01-DQA1*001:01-DQB1*008:01:1 in females (x2p = 0.02, OR 8.43). Sex-specific associations have been previously described in human populations, but this is the first report of this kind in dogs. Consistent with findings in other studies, we found the DLA-DQA1*006:01 allele (x2p = 0.04) to be associated with AD in males independent of haplotype. In females, the haplotype DLA-DRB1*009:01-DQA1*001:01-DQB1*008:01:1 confers a very high risk for developing AD, although its frequency was rare (9 of 124 females) in our study population. Further studies are warranted to validate the findings of this exploratory dataset and to assess the usefulness of this haplotype as a risk marker for AD in female Standard Poodles. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating MHC class II disease associations in large populations, and accounting for both biological sex and population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Treeful
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Aaron K Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Steven G Friedenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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9
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Wu S, Ning Y, Raza SHA, Zhang C, Zhang L, Cheng G, Wang H, Schreurs N, Zan L. Genetic variants and haplotype combination in the bovine CRTC3 affected conformation traits in two Chinese native cattle breeds (Bos Taurus). Genomics 2018; 111:1736-1744. [PMID: 30529539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 (CRTC3) plays an extensive role in glucose and lipid metabolism. This study investigated the genetic variation and haplotype combination in CRTC3 and verified their contribution to bovine growth traits. Firstly, investigated the mRNA expression of CRTC3 in adult Qinchuan cattle and evaluated the effects that genetic variation of CRTC3 had on conformation and carcass traits in two Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan and Jiaxian). Four SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified including two in introns (SNP1: g.62652 A > G and SNP4: g.91297C > T) and two in exons (SNP2 g.62730C > T and SNP3: g.66478G > C). The association and haplotype combination results showed that there was an association with some growth and carcass traits(P < 0.05). Individuals with haplotype combination H1H1 (-AACCCCTT-) were associated with a conformation of a larger framed animal and an animal that produced a larger loin area. Variations in the CRTC3 genes and the haplotype combination H1H1 may be considered as molecular markers for carcass traits that are associated with more lean meat yield for use in cattle breeding programs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, PR China
| | - Yue Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Chengtu Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Xining City, Xining, Qinghai 810003, PR China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Nicola Schreurs
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center of Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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10
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Abstract
Dogs are second only to humans in medical surveillance and preventative health care, leading to a recent perception of increased cancer incidence. Scientific priorities in veterinary oncology have thus shifted, with a demand for cancer genetic screens, better diagnostics, and more effective therapies. Most dog breeds came into existence within the last 300 years, and many are derived from small numbers of founders. Each has undergone strong artificial selection, in which dog fanciers selected for many traits, including body size, fur type, color, skull shape, and behavior, to create novel breeds. The adoption of the breed barrier rule-no dog may become a registered member of a breed unless both its dam and its sire are registered members-ensures a relatively closed genetic pool within each breed. As a result, there is strong phenotypic homogeneity within breeds but extraordinary phenotypic variation between breeds. One consequence of this is the high level of breed-associated genetic disease. We and others have taken advantage of this to identify genes for a large number of canine maladies for which mouse models do not exist, particularly with regard to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
| | - Dayna L Dreger
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; .,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Evans
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
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11
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Murphy SC, Evans JM, Tsai KL, Clark LA. Length variations within the Merle retrotransposon of canine PMEL: correlating genotype with phenotype. Mob DNA 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 30123327 PMCID: PMC6091007 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antisense insertion of a canine short interspersed element (SINEC_Cf) in the pigmentation gene PMEL (or SILV) causes a coat pattern phenotype in dogs termed merle. Merle is a semi-dominant trait characterized by patches of full pigmentation on a diluted background. The oligo(dT) tract of the Merle retrotransposon is long and uninterrupted and is prone to dramatic truncation. Phenotypically wild-type individuals carrying shorter oligo(dT) lengths of the Merle allele have been previously described and termed cryptic merles. Two additional coat patterns, dilute merle (uniform, steely-grey coat) and harlequin merle (white background with black patches), also appear in breeds segregating the Merle allele. RESULTS Sequencing of all PMEL exons in a dilute and a harlequin merle reveals that variation exists solely within the oligo(dT) tract of the SINEC_Cf insertion. In fragment analyses from 259 dogs heterozygous for Merle, we observed a spectrum of oligo(dT) lengths spanning 25 to 105 base pairs (bp), with ranges that correspond to the four varieties of the merle phenotype: cryptic (25-55 bp), dilute (66-74 bp), standard (78-86 bp), and harlequin (81-105 bp). Somatic contractions of the oligo(dT) were observed in 43% of standard and 51% of harlequin merle dogs. A small proportion (4.6%) of the study cohort inherited de novo contractions or expansions of the Merle allele that resulted in dilute or harlequin coat patterns, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The phenotypic consequence of the Merle SINE insertion directly depends upon oligo(dT) length. In transcription, we propose that the use of an alternative splice site increases with oligo(dT) length, resulting in insufficient PMEL and a pigment dilution spectrum, from dark grey to complete hypopigmentation. We further propose that during replication, contractions and expansions increase in frequency with oligo(dT) length, causing coat variegation (somatic events in melanocytes) and the spontaneous appearance of varieties of the merle phenotype (germline events).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Murphy
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Jacquelyn M. Evans
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Kate L. Tsai
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Leigh Anne Clark
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
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Yang WM, Chen JJ. Advances in biomarkers for dermatomyositis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:172-177. [PMID: 29614309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are heterogeneous complex autoimmune diseases involving muscle damage. Patients with DM and PM display a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and serological biomarkers, which may mislead and delay the proper diagnosis. Therefore, specific biomarkers or indicators for diagnosing DM and PM and monitoring disease activity are essential. Significant progress has been made through identifying novel serological biomarkers for DM and PM in recent years. Our aim is to focus on novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease activity in DM and PM to highlight their predictive value and applicability in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan-Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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