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Soyano T, Akamatsu A, Takeda N, Watahiki MK, Goh T, Okuma N, Suganuma N, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Nakajima K, Kawaguchi M. Periodic cytokinin responses in Lotus japonicus rhizobium infection and nodule development. Science 2024; 385:288-294. [PMID: 39024445 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Host plants benefit from legume root nodule symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria under nitrogen-limiting conditions. In this interaction, the hosts must regulate nodule numbers and distribution patterns to control the degree of symbiosis and maintain root growth functions. The host response to symbiotic bacteria occurs discontinuously but repeatedly at the region behind the tip of the growing roots. Here, live-imaging and transcriptome analyses revealed oscillating host gene expression with approximately 6-hour intervals upon bacterial inoculation. Cytokinin response also exhibited a similar oscillation pattern. Cytokinin signaling is crucial to maintaining the periodicity, as observed in cytokinin receptor mutants displaying altered infection foci distribution. This periodic regulation influences the size of the root region responsive to bacteria, as well as the nodulation process progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Soyano
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Basic Biology Program, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akira Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen Uegahara 1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Graduate School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen Uegahara 1, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Masaaki K Watahiki
- Faculty of Science, Division of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 10, Nishi 8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nao Okuma
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Norio Suganuma
- Department of Life Science, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Basic Biology Program, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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Ito M, Tajima Y, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Nishida H, Nosaki S, Noda M, Sotta N, Kawade K, Kamiya T, Fujiwara T, Matsubayashi Y, Suzaki T. IMA peptides regulate root nodulation and nitrogen homeostasis by providing iron according to internal nitrogen status. Nat Commun 2024; 15:733. [PMID: 38286991 PMCID: PMC10825120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes control root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in response to environmental nitrogen availability. Despite the recent understanding of the molecular basis of external nitrate-mediated control of RNS, it remains mostly elusive how plants regulate physiological processes depending on internal nitrogen status. In addition, iron (Fe) acts as an essential element that enables symbiotic nitrogen fixation; however, the mechanism of Fe accumulation in nodules is poorly understood. Here, we focus on the transcriptome in response to internal nitrogen status during RNS in Lotus japonicus and identify that IRON MAN (IMA) peptide genes are expressed during symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We show that LjIMA1 and LjIMA2 expressed in the shoot and root play systemic and local roles in concentrating internal Fe to the nodule. Furthermore, IMA peptides have conserved roles in regulating nitrogen homeostasis by adjusting nitrogen-Fe balance in L. japonicus and Arabidopsis thaliana. These findings indicate that IMA-mediated Fe provision plays an essential role in regulating nitrogen-related physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoyo Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuri Tajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Rhelixa Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa-Ohnishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momona Noda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sotta
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawade
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-city, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Suzaki T. Root nodule organogenesis: a unique lateral organogenesis in legumes. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:70-75. [PMID: 37168810 PMCID: PMC10165338 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During the course of plant evolution, leguminous and a few plants species have established root nodule symbiosis (RNS), one of the nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategies based on mutual interaction between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In addition to its useful agronomic trait, RNS comprises a unique form of plant lateral organogenesis; dedifferentiation and activation of cortical cells in the root are induced upon bacterial infection during nodule development. In the past few years, the elucidations of the significance of NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor as a potentially key innovative factor of RNS, the details of its function, and the successive discoveries of its target genes have advanced our understanding underlying molecular mechanisms of nodule organogenesis. In addition, a recent elucidation of the role of legume SHORTROOT-SCARECROW module has provided the insights into the unique properties of legume cortical cells. Here, I summarize such latest findings on the neofunctionalized key players of nodule organogenesis, which may provide clue to understand an evolutionary basis of RNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Chiba Y, Sasaki M, Masuda S, Shibata A, Shirasu K, Kawaharada Y. A Novel Rhizobium sp. Chiba-1 Strain Exhibits a Host Range for Nodule Symbiosis in Lotus Species. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME23056. [PMID: 38044128 PMCID: PMC10728632 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that induce the formation of nodules in the roots of leguminous plants for mutualistic establishment. Although the symbiotic mechanism between Lotus japonicus and its major symbiotic rhizobia, Mesorhizobium loti, has been extensively characterized, our understanding of symbiotic mechanisms, such as host specificity and host ranges, remains limited. In the present study, we isolated a novel Rhizobium strain capable of forming nodules on L. burttii from agricultural soil at Iwate prefecture in Japan. We conducted genomic and host range ana-lyses of various Lotus species. The results obtained revealed that the novel isolated Rhizobium sp. Chiba-1 was closely related to R. leguminosarum and had a wide host range that induced nodule development, including L. burttii and several L. japonicus wild-type accessions. However, L. japonicus Gifu exhibited an incompatible nodule phenotype. We also identified the formation of an epidermal infection threads that was dependent on the Lotus species and independent of nodule organ development. In conclusion, this newly isolated Rhizobium strain displays a distinct nodulation phenotype from Lotus species, and the results obtained herein provide novel insights into the functional mechanisms underlying host specificity and host ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Chiba
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3–18–8, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020–8550, Japan
| | - Mao Sasaki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020–8550, Japan
| | - Sachiko Masuda
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230–0045, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3–18–8, Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020–8550, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, 3–18–8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020–8550, Japan
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3–18–8, Ueda, Morioka, 020–8550, Iwate, Japan
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5
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Chaudhary P, Singh S, Chaudhary A, Sharma A, Kumar G. Overview of biofertilizers in crop production and stress management for sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:930340. [PMID: 36082294 PMCID: PMC9445558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.930340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in world population, the demography of humans is estimated to be exceeded and it has become a major challenge to provide an adequate amount of food, feed, and agricultural products majorly in developing countries. The use of chemical fertilizers causes the plant to grow efficiently and rapidly to meet the food demand. The drawbacks of using a higher quantity of chemical or synthetic fertilizers are environmental pollution, persistent changes in the soil ecology, physiochemical composition, decreasing agricultural productivity and cause several health hazards. Climatic factors are responsible for enhancing abiotic stress on crops, resulting in reduced agricultural productivity. There are various types of abiotic and biotic stress factors like soil salinity, drought, wind, improper temperature, heavy metals, waterlogging, and different weeds and phytopathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes which attack plants, reducing crop productivity and quality. There is a shift toward the use of biofertilizers due to all these facts, which provide nutrition through natural processes like zinc, potassium and phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, production of hormones, siderophore, various hydrolytic enzymes and protect the plant from different plant pathogens and stress conditions. They provide the nutrition in adequate amount that is sufficient for healthy crop development to fulfill the demand of the increasing population worldwide, eco-friendly and economically convenient. This review will focus on biofertilizers and their mechanisms of action, role in crop productivity and in biotic/abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Chaudhary
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Anuj Chaudhary
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Shobhit University, Gangoh, India
| | - Anita Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Govind Kumar
- Department of Crop Production, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India
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Ren CG, Kong CC, Liu ZY, Zhong ZH, Yang JC, Wang XL, Qin S. A Perspective on Developing a Plant ‘Holobiont’ for Future Saline Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:763014. [PMID: 35602056 PMCID: PMC9120776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.763014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth and has become a major limiting factor for agricultural development worldwide. There is a continuing demand for sustainable technology innovation in saline agriculture. Among various bio-techniques being used to reduce the salinity hazard, symbiotic microorganisms such as rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have proved to be efficient. These symbiotic associations each deploy an array of well-tuned mechanisms to provide salinity tolerance for the plant. In this review, we first comprehensively cover major research advances in symbiont-induced salinity tolerance in plants. Second, we describe the common signaling process used by legumes to control symbiosis establishment with rhizobia and AM fungi. Multi-omics technologies have enabled us to identify and characterize more genes involved in symbiosis, and eventually, map out the key signaling pathways. These developments have laid the foundation for technological innovations that use symbiotic microorganisms to improve crop salt tolerance on a larger scale. Thus, with the aim of better utilizing symbiotic microorganisms in saline agriculture, we propose the possibility of developing non-legume ‘holobionts’ by taking advantage of newly developed genome editing technology. This will open a new avenue for capitalizing on symbiotic microorganisms to enhance plant saline tolerance for increased sustainability and yields in saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Cun-Cui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Xiao-Li Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
- Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Song Qin,
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Misawa F, Ito M, Nosaki S, Nishida H, Watanabe M, Suzuki T, Miura K, Kawaguchi M, Suzaki T. Nitrate transport via NRT2.1 mediates NIN-LIKE PROTEIN-dependent suppression of root nodulation in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1844-1862. [PMID: 35146519 PMCID: PMC9048892 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Legumes have adaptive mechanisms that regulate nodulation in response to the amount of nitrogen in the soil. In Lotus japonicus, two NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors, LjNLP4 and LjNLP1, play pivotal roles in the negative regulation of nodulation by controlling the expression of symbiotic genes in high nitrate conditions. Despite an improved understanding of the molecular basis for regulating nodulation, how nitrate plays a role in the signaling pathway to negatively regulate this process is largely unknown. Here, we show that nitrate transport via NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2.1 (LjNRT2.1) is a key step in the NLP signaling pathway to control nodulation. A mutation in the LjNRT2.1 gene attenuates the nitrate-induced control of nodulation. LjNLP1 is necessary and sufficient to induce LjNRT2.1 expression, thereby regulating nitrate uptake/transport. Our data suggest that LjNRT2.1-mediated nitrate uptake/transport is required for LjNLP4 nuclear localization and induction/repression of symbiotic genes. We further show that LjNIN, a positive regulator of nodulation, counteracts the LjNLP1-dependent induction of LjNRT2.1 expression, which is linked to a reduction in nitrate uptake. These findings suggest a plant strategy in which nitrogen acquisition switches from obtaining nitrogen from the soil to symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumika Misawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Momoyo Ito
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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Auxin methylation by IAMT1, duplicated in the legume lineage, promotes root nodule development in Lotus japonicus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116549119. [PMID: 35235457 PMCID: PMC8915983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116549119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance IAA carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (IAMT1) converts auxin (IAA) into its methyl ester (MeIAA). IAMT1 is reportedly critical for shoot development of the nonsymbiotic plant Arabidopsis. On the other hand, the function of IAMT1 in roots is unknown. Here, we found that IAMT1 is duplicated in the legume lineage, which evolved root nodule symbiosis. In the model legume Lotus japonicus, one of two paralogs (named IAMT1a) was mainly expressed in root epidermis, but its function is required in the adjacent cell layer, root cortex, where it promotes nodule development. Application of MeIAA, but not IAA, significantly induced NIN, a master regulator of nodule development, without rhizobia. These findings illuminate our understanding of intertissue communication acquired during evolution of root nodule symbiosis.
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Nishida H, Nosaki S, Suzuki T, Ito M, Miyakawa T, Nomoto M, Tada Y, Miura K, Tanokura M, Kawaguchi M, Suzaki T. Different DNA-binding specificities of NLP and NIN transcription factors underlie nitrate-induced control of root nodulation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2340-2359. [PMID: 33826745 PMCID: PMC8364233 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous plants produce nodules for nitrogen fixation; however, nodule production incurs an energy cost. Therefore, as an adaptive strategy, leguminous plants halt root nodule development when sufficient amounts of nitrogen nutrients, such as nitrate, are present in the environment. Although legume NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors have recently been identified, understanding how nodulation is controlled by nitrate, a fundamental question for nitrate-mediated transcriptional regulation of symbiotic genes, remains elusive. Here, we show that two Lotus japonicus NLPs, NITRATE UNRESPONSIVE SYMBIOSIS 1 (NRSYM1)/LjNLP4 and NRSYM2/LjNLP1, have overlapping functions in the nitrate-induced control of nodulation and act as master regulators for nitrate-dependent gene expression. We further identify candidate target genes of LjNLP4 by combining transcriptome analysis with a DNA affinity purification-seq approach. We then demonstrate that LjNLP4 and LjNIN, a key nodulation-specific regulator and paralog of LjNLP4, have different DNA-binding specificities. Moreover, LjNLP4-LjNIN dimerization underlies LjNLP4-mediated bifunctional transcriptional regulation. These data provide a basic principle for how nitrate controls nodulation through positive and negative regulation of symbiotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nishida
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shohei Nosaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan
| | - Momoyo Ito
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Nomoto
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
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Structure and Development of the Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interface in Infection Threads. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051050. [PMID: 33946779 PMCID: PMC8146911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular infection thread initiated in a root hair cell is a unique structure associated with Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It is characterized by inverted tip growth of the plant cell wall, resulting in a tunnel that allows invasion of host cells by bacteria during the formation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Regulation of the plant-microbial interface is essential for infection thread growth. This involves targeted deposition of the cell wall and extracellular matrix and tight control of cell wall remodeling. This review describes the potential role of different actors such as transcription factors, receptors, and enzymes in the rearrangement of the plant-microbial interface and control of polar infection thread growth. It also focuses on the composition of the main polymers of the infection thread wall and matrix and the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the infection thread. Mutant analysis has helped to gain insight into the development of host defense reactions. The available data raise many new questions about the structure, function, and development of infection threads.
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Xiao A, Yu H, Fan Y, Kang H, Ren Y, Huang X, Gao X, Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Cao Y. Transcriptional regulation of NIN expression by IPN2 is required for root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:513-528. [PMID: 32187696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Nodule Inception (NIN) is essential for initiation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis. An existing model regarding the regulation of NIN expression involves two GRAS transcription factors - NSP1 (Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1) and NSP2. NSP2 forms a complex with NSP1 to directly bind to NIN promoter. However, rhizobial treatment-induced NIN expression could still be detected in the nsp1 mutant plants, suggesting that other proteins must be involved in the regulation of NIN expression. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses was used to investigate the molecular basis of IPN2 in regulating root development and NIN expression in Lotus japonicus. In this study, we identified that IPN2 is a close homolog of Arabidopsis APL (ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT) with essential function in root development. However, Lotus IPN2 has a different expression pattern compared with the Arabidopsis APL gene. IPN2 binds to the IPN2-responsive cis element (IPN2-RE) of NIN promoter and activates NIN expression. IPN2, NSP1 and NSP2 form a protein complex to directly target NIN promoter and activate NIN expression in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Our data refine the regulatory model of NIN expression that NSP2 works together with NSP1 and IPN2 to activate the NIN gene allowing nodulation in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Heng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Chiu CH, Paszkowski U. Receptor-Like Kinases Sustain Symbiotic Scrutiny. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1597-1612. [PMID: 32054781 PMCID: PMC7140970 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs) control the initiation, development, and maintenance of symbioses with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Carbohydrate perception activates symbiosis signaling via Lysin-motif RLKs and subsequently the common symbiosis signaling pathway. As the receptors activated are often also immune receptors in multiple species, exactly how carbohydrate identities avoid immune activation and drive symbiotic outcome is still not fully understood. This may involve the coincident detection of additional signaling molecules that provide specificity. Because of the metabolic costs of supporting symbionts, the level of symbiosis development is fine-tuned by a range of local and mobile signals that are activated by various RLKs. Beyond early, precontact symbiotic signaling, signal exchanges ensue throughout infection, nutrient exchange, and turnover of symbiosis. Here, we review the latest understanding of plant symbiosis signaling from the perspective of RLK-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chai Hao Chiu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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13
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Nishida H, Ito M, Miura K, Kawaguchi M, Suzaki T. Autoregulation of nodulation pathway is dispensable for nitrate-induced control of rhizobial infection. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1733814. [PMID: 32100606 PMCID: PMC7194392 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1733814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Legumes possess the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway which is responsible for maintaining optimal root nodule number. In Lotus japonicus, AON comprises the CLE-HAR1-TML module, which plays an essential role in transmitting signals via root-to-shoot-to-root long-distance signaling. In addition to AON's principal role of negatively regulating nodule number, a recent study revealed another in the systemic control of rhizobial infection. Nitrate also negatively regulates the pleiotropic phases of legume-Rhizobium symbioses, including rhizobial infection and nodule number. Nitrate signaling has recently been shown to use AON components such as CLE-RS2 and HAR1 to control nodule number. Here we consider the role of a loss-of-function mutation in CLE-RS1, -RS2 and TML in rhizobial infection in relation to nitrate. Our results agree with previous findings and support the hypothesis that AON is required for the control of rhizobial infection but not for its nitrate-induced control. Furthermore, we confirm that the tml mutants exhibit nitrate sensitivity that differs from that of cle-rs2 and har1. Hence, while the nitrate-induced control mechanism of nodule number uses AON components, an unknown pathway specific to nitrate may exist downstream of HAR1, acting in parallel with the HAR1> TML pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Nishida
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Momoyo Ito
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- Division of Symbiotic Systems, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- School of Life Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzaki
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- CONTACT Takuya Suzaki Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Roy S, Liu W, Nandety RS, Crook A, Mysore KS, Pislariu CI, Frugoli J, Dickstein R, Udvardi MK. Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:15-41. [PMID: 31649123 PMCID: PMC6961631 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 1999, various forward- and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200 genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries advanced our understanding of the evolution of SNF in plants and its relationship to other beneficial endosymbioses, signaling between plants and microbes, the control of microbial infection of plant cells, the control of plant cell division leading to nodule development, autoregulation of nodulation, intracellular accommodation of bacteria, nodule oxygen homeostasis, the control of bacteroid differentiation, metabolism and transport supporting symbiosis, and the control of nodule senescence. This review catalogs and contextualizes all of the plant genes currently known to be required for SNF in two model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, and two crop species, Glycine max (soybean) and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). We also briefly consider the future of SNF genetics in the era of pan-genomics and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Wei Liu
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | | | - Ashley Crook
- College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | | | | | - Julia Frugoli
- College of Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
| | - Rebecca Dickstein
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton Texas 76203
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Suzaki T, Takeda N, Nishida H, Hoshino M, Ito M, Misawa F, Handa Y, Miura K, Kawaguchi M. Correction: LACK OF SYMBIONT ACCOMMODATION controls intracellular symbiont accommodation in root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007966. [PMID: 30703093 PMCID: PMC6354958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007865.].
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