1
|
Cao ZH, Song D, Hu Y, Liang M, Xu Q, Wang SH, Ye JL, Xie ZZ, Deng XX, Chai LJ. An S-locus F-box protein as pollen S determinant targets non-self S-RNase underlying self-incompatibility in Citrus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3891-3902. [PMID: 38486360 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a crucial mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and inbreeding in flowering plants. Citrus exhibits SI regulated by a polymorphic S-locus containing an S-RNase gene and multiple S-locus F-box (SLF) genes. It has been documented that S-RNase functions as the pistil S determinant, but there is no direct evidence that the SLF genes closely linked with S-RNase function as pollen S determinants in Citrus. This study assembled the genomes of two pummelo (Citrus grandis) plants, obtained three novel complete and well-annotated S-haplotypes, and isolated 36 SLF or SLF-like alleles on the S-loci. Phylogenetic analysis of 138 SLFs revealed that the SLF genes were classified into 12 types, including six types with divergent or missing alleles. Furthermore, transformation experiments verified that the conserved S6-SLF7a protein can lead to the transition of SI to self-compatibility by recognizing non-self S8-RNase in 'Mini-Citrus' plants (S7S8 and S8S29, Fortunella hindsii), a model plant for citrus gene function studies. In vitro assays demonstrated interactions between SLFs of different S haplotypes and the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box subunit CgSSK1 protein. This study provides direct evidence that SLF controls the pollen function in Citrus, demonstrating its role in the 'non-self recognition' SI system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jun-Li Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zong-Zhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Xin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv X, Deng J, Zhou C, Abdullah A, Yang Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhao B, Li Y, Ma Z. Comparative transcriptomic insights into molecular mechanisms of the susceptibility wheat variety MX169 response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst) infection. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0377423. [PMID: 38916358 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03774-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Stripe rust of wheat is caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Breeding durably resistant wheat varieties by disrupting the susceptibility (S) gene has an important impact on the control of wheat stripe rust. Mingxian169 (MX169) showed strong stripe rust susceptibility to all the races of Pst. However, molecular mechanisms and responsive genes underlying susceptibility of the wheat variety MX169 to Pst have not been elucidated. Here, we utilized next-generation sequencing technology to analyze transcriptomics data of "MX169" and high-resistance wheat "Zhong4" at 24, 48, and 120 h post-inoculation (hpi) with Pst. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed 3,494, 2,831, and 2,700 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different time points. We observed an upregulation of DEGs involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, thiamine metabolism, and other biological processes, suggesting their involvement in MX169's response to Pst. DEGs encoding transcription factors were also identified. Our study suggested the potential susceptibility gene resources in MX169 related to stripe rust response could be valuable for understanding the mechanisms involved in stripe rust susceptibility and for improving wheat resistance to Pst. IMPORTANCE Our study suggests the potential susceptibility gene resources in MX169 related to stripe rust response could be valuable for understanding the mechanisms involved in stripe rust susceptibility and for improving wheat resistance to Pst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lv
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ahsan Abdullah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoqiang Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanhong Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rao W, Yue Q, Gao S, Lei M, Lin T, Pan X, Hu J, Fan G. Visible-light-driven water-soluble zinc oxide quantum dots for efficient control of citrus canker. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3022-3034. [PMID: 38318944 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is a devastating bacterial disease that reduces citrus yield and quality, posing a serious threat to the citrus industry. Several conventional chemicals have been used to control citrus canker. However, this approach often leads to the excessive use of chemical agents, can exacerbate environmental pollution and promotes the development of resistant Xcc. Therefore, there is significant interest in the development of efficient and environmentally friendly technologies to control citrus canker. RESULTS In this study, water-soluble ZnO quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesised as an efficient nanopesticide against Xcc. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of ZnO QDs irradiated with visible light [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 33.18 μg mL-1] was ~3.5 times higher than that of the dark-treated group (EC50 = 114.80 μg mL-1). ZnO QDs induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O- 2 and 1O2) under light irradiation, resulting in DNA damage, cytoplasmic destruction, and decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Transcription analysis showed downregulation of Xcc genes related to 'biofilms, virulence, adhesion' and 'DNA transfer' exposure to ZnO QDs. More importantly, ZnO QDs also promoted the growth of citrus. CONCLUSION This research provides new insights into the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO QDs and supports the development of more efficient and safer ZnO QDs-based nanopesticides to control citrus canker. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Rao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Yue
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Gao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Lei
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohong Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Hu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| | - Guocheng Fan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kapp ABP, Vechia JFD, Sinico TE, Bassanezi RB, Ramos-González PL, Freitas-Astúa J, Andrade DJ. Brevipalpus yothersi Baker (Tenuipalpidae) development in sweet orange plants is influenced by previous mite infestation and the presence of shelters. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:759-775. [PMID: 38512422 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Citrus leprosis is the most important viral disease affecting citrus. The disease is caused predominantly by CiLV-C and is transmitted by Brevipalpus yothersi Baker mites. This study brings some insight into the colonization of B. yothersi in citrus [(Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)] previously infested by viruliferous or non-viruliferous B. yothersi. It also assesses the putative role of shelters on the behavior of B. yothersi. Expression of PR1 and PR4 genes, markers of plant defense mechanisms, were evaluated by RT-qPCR to correlate the role of the plant hormonal changes during the tri-trophic virus-mite-plant interplay. A previous infestation with either non-viruliferous and viruliferous mites positively influenced oviposition and the number of adult individuals in the resulting populations. Mite populations were higher on branches that had received a previous mite infestation than branches that did not. There was an increase in the expression of PR4, a marker gene in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, in the treatment with non-viruliferous mites, indicating a response from the plant to their feeding. Conversely, an induced expression of PR1, a marker gene in the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, was observed mainly in the treatment with viruliferous mites, which suggests the activation of a plant response against the pathogen. The earlier mite infestation, as well as the presence of leprosis lesions and a gypsum mixture as artificial shelters, all fostered the growth of the B. yothersi populations after the second infestation, regardless of the presence or absence of CiLV-C. Furthermore, it is suggested that B. yothersi feeding actually induces the JA pathway in plants. At the same time, the CiLV-C represses the JA pathway and induces the SA pathway, which benefits the mite vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Piai Kapp
- Laboratório de Acarologia (AcaroLab), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV-Unesp), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Franciosi Della Vechia
- Laboratório de Acarologia (AcaroLab), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV-Unesp), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Elise Sinico
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04014-002, Brazil
- Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira/IAC, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, 13490-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04014-002, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Júnior Andrade
- Laboratório de Acarologia (AcaroLab), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV-Unesp), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nº, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang G, Hu Y, Li F, Zuo X, Wang X, Li F, Li R. Genome-wide characterization of heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein gene family from Citrus sinensis in response to huanglongbing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369883. [PMID: 38601304 PMCID: PMC11004388 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) play vital roles in maintaining heavy metal balance and responding to both biotic and abiotic stresses in vascular plants. However, the role of HIPPs in the response to Huanglongbing (HLB), a harmful disease of citrus caused by the phloem-colonizing bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), has not been examined. Methods and results In this study, a total of 26 HIPP genes were identified in Citrus sinensis, and they were grouped into 5 clades. The CsHIPP genes are distributed on 8 chromosomes and exhibited considerable synteny with HIPPs found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, we analyzed the gene structure, conserved motifs and domains of the CsHIPPs. Various cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and stress responses were identified in the promoters of CsHIPPs. Public transcriptome data and RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression level of CsHIPP03 was significantly reduced in samples infected by CLas and Xanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc). Furthermore, silencing the homologous gene of CsHIPP03 in Nicotiana benthamiana increased the disease resistance of plants to bacteria. Discussion Our results provide a basis for functional studies of HIPP gene family in C. sinensis, highlighting their functions in bacterial resistance, and improve our understanding to the susceptibility mechanism of HLB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiyan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fuxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiru Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinyou Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fengyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
- China-USA Citrus Huanglongbing Joint Laboratory, National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su H, Wang Y, Xu J, Omar AA, Grosser JW, Calovic M, Zhang L, Feng Y, Vakulskas CA, Wang N. Generation of the transgene-free canker-resistant Citrus sinensis using Cas12a/crRNA ribonucleoprotein in the T0 generation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3957. [PMID: 37402755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is a destructive citrus disease worldwide. Generating disease-resistant cultivars is the most effective, environmentally friendly and economic approach for disease control. However, citrus traditional breeding is lengthy and laborious. Here, we develop transgene-free canker-resistant Citrus sinensis lines in the T0 generation within 10 months through transformation of embryogenic protoplasts with Cas12a/crRNA ribonucleoprotein to edit the canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1. Among the 39 regenerated lines, 38 are biallelic/homozygous mutants, demonstrating a 97.4% biallelic/homozygous mutation rate. No off-target mutations are detected in the edited lines. Canker resistance of the cslob1-edited lines results from both abolishing canker symptoms and inhibiting Xcc growth. The transgene-free canker-resistant C. sinensis lines have received regulatory approval by USDA APHIS and are exempted from EPA regulation. This study provides a sustainable and efficient citrus canker control solution and presents an efficient transgene-free genome-editing strategy for citrus and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Yuanchun Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Ahmad A Omar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jude W Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Milica Calovic
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc, Coralville, IA, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | | | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teper D, White FF, Wang N. The Dynamic Transcription Activator-Like Effector Family of Xanthomonas. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:651-666. [PMID: 36449529 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0365-kd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are bacterial proteins that are injected into the eukaryotic nucleus to act as transcriptional factors and function as key virulence factors of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas. TALEs are translocated into plant host cells via the type III secretion system and induce the expression of host susceptibility (S) genes to facilitate disease. The unique modular DNA binding domains of TALEs comprise an array of nearly identical direct repeats that enable binding to DNA targets based on the recognition of a single nucleotide target per repeat. The very nature of TALE structure and function permits the proliferation of TALE genes and evolutionary adaptations in the host to counter TALE function, making the TALE-host interaction the most dynamic story in effector biology. The TALE genes appear to be a relatively young effector gene family, with a presence in all virulent members of some species and absent in others. Genome sequencing has revealed many TALE genes throughout the xanthomonads, and relatively few have been associated with a cognate S gene. Several species, including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. citri pv. citri, have near absolute requirement for TALE gene function, while the genes appear to be just now entering the disease interactions with new fitness contributions to the pathogens of tomato and pepper among others. Deciphering the simple and effective DNA binding mechanism also has led to the development of DNA manipulation tools in fields of gene editing and transgenic research. In the three decades since their discovery, TALE research remains at the forefront of the study of bacterial evolution, plant-pathogen interactions, and synthetic biology. We also discuss critical questions that remain to be addressed regarding TALEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doron Teper
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang F, Liu HW, Zhang L, Liu ST, Zhang JR, Zhou X, Wang PY, Yang S. Discovery of novel rost-4-ene derivatives as potential plant activators for preventing phytopathogenic bacterial infection: Design, synthesis and biological studies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3404-3415. [PMID: 35527698 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gradually aggravated disease caused by phytopathogenic bacteria severely restricts food security and crop yield, and few pesticides can relieve this severe situation. Thus, development and excavation of new agrochemicals with high bioactivity and novel action mechanism may be a feasible strategy to control intractable bacterial diseases. As a privileged molecular framework, steroid molecules exhibit diversiform bioactivities. Herein, a series of novel androst-4-ene derivatives were designed, synthesised and investigated for their antibacterial behaviour to excavate novel agrochemicals on the base of steroid molecules. RESULTS Bioassay results indicated that target compounds displayed high bioactivities toward three destructive phytopathogenic bacteria, including Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Compound III19 displayed excellent in vitro antibacterial profiling (EC50 = 2.37 mg L-1 towards Xoo, EC50 = 2.10 mg L-1 towards Xac, EC50 = 9.50 mg L-1 towards Psa). Furthermore, compound III19 showed outstanding in vivo protective activities, with values of 81.81% and 58.75% towards kiwifruit bacterial canker and rice bacterial leaf blight, respectively. Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism disclosed that compound III19 enhanced host defence enzyme activities superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) and increased the salicylate synthase content to induce host resistance. In addition, compound III19 increased the membrane permeability, destroyed the cell membrane and killed the bacteria. CONCLUSION Given these profiles of target compounds, we highlight a new strategy for controlling intractable plant bacterial diseases by inducing plant resistance and targeting the bacterial cell membrane. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong-Wu Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Viviani A, Spada M, Giordani T, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C. Origin of the genome editing systems: application for crop improvement. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang B, Han X, Yuan W, Zhang H. TALEs as double-edged swords in plant-pathogen interactions: Progress, challenges, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100318. [PMID: 35576155 PMCID: PMC9251431 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas species colonize many host plants and cause huge losses worldwide. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are secreted by Xanthomonas and translocated into host cells to manipulate the expression of target genes, especially by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, which cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively, in rice. In this review, we summarize the progress of studies on the interaction between Xanthomonas and hosts, covering both rice and other plants. TALEs are not only key factors that make plants susceptible but are also essential components of plant resistance. Characterization of TALEs and TALE-like proteins has improved our understanding of TALE evolution and promoted the development of gene editing tools. In addition, the interactions between TALEs and hosts have also provided strategies and possibilities for genetic engineering in crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wenya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Predicting the impact of environmental factors on citrus canker through multiple regression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260746. [PMID: 35381013 PMCID: PMC8982892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic conditions play a significant role in the development of citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc). Citrus canker is regarded as one of the major threats being faced by citrus industry in citrus growing countries of the world. Climatic factors exert significant impacts on growth stage, host susceptibility, succulence, vigor, survival, multiplication rate, pathogen dispersion, spore penetration rate, and spore germination. Predicting the impacts of climatic factors on these traits could aid in the development of effective management strategies against the disease. This study predicted the impacts of environmental variables, i.e., temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed the development of citrus canker through multiple regression. These environmental variables were correlated with the development of canker on thirty (30) citrus varieties during 2017 to 2020. Significant positive correlations were noted among environment variables and disease development modeled through multiple regression model (Y = +24.02 + 0.5585 X1 + 0.2997 X2 + 0.3534 X3 + 3.590 X4 + 1.639 X5). Goodness of fit of the model was signified by coefficient determination value (97.5%). Results revealed the optimum values of environmental variables, i.e., maximum temperature (37°C), minimum temperature (27°C), relative humidity (55%), rainfall (4.7-7.1 mm) and wind speed (8 Km/h), which were conducive for the development of citrus canker. Current study would help researchers in designing better management strategies against citrus canker disease under changing climatic conditions in the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Antioxidant Metabolites in Primitive, Wild, and Cultivated Citrus and Their Role in Stress Tolerance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195801. [PMID: 34641344 PMCID: PMC8510114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Citrus contains a vast range of antioxidant metabolites, dietary metabolites, and antioxidant polyphenols that protect plants from unfavorable environmental conditions, enhance their tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and possess multiple health-promoting effects in humans. This review summarizes various antioxidant metabolites such as organic acids, amino acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, terpenoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that are distributed in different citrus species. Among these antioxidant metabolites, flavonoids are abundantly present in primitive, wild, and cultivated citrus species and possess the highest antioxidant activity. We demonstrate that the primitive and wild citrus species (e.g., Atalantia buxifolia and C. latipes) have a high level of antioxidant metabolites and are tolerant to various abiotic and biotic stresses compared with cultivated citrus species (e.g., C. sinensis and C. reticulata). Additionally, we highlight the potential usage of citrus wastes (rag, seeds, fruit peels, etc.) and the health-promoting properties of citrus metabolites. Furthermore, we summarize the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant metabolites in different citrus species. We speculate that the genome-engineering technologies should be used to confirm the functions of candidate genes that are responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant metabolites, which will serve as an alternative tool to breed citrus cultivars with increased antioxidant metabolites.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Q, Fu J, Sun J, Wang X, Tang X, Lu W, Tan C, Li L, Deng X, Xu Q. A plant CitPITP1 protein-coding exon sequence serves as a promoter in bacteria. J Biotechnol 2021; 339:1-13. [PMID: 34298024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of plant genes in prokaryotes has been widely used in molecular biology, but the function of a DNA sequence is far from being fully known. Here, we discovered that a plant protein-coding gene containing the CRAL_TRIO domain serves as a promoter in bacteria. We firstly characterized CitPITP1 from Citrus, which contains the CRAL_TRIO domain, and identified a 64-bp sequence (key64) that is critical for prokaryotic promoter activity. In vitro experiments indicated that the bacterial RNA polymerase subunit RpoD specifically binds to key64. We then expanded our research to fungi, plant and animal species to identify key64-like sequences. Five such prokaryotic promoters were isolated from Amborella, Rice, Arabidopsis and Citrus. Two conserved motifs were identified, and mutation analysis indicated that the nucleotides at positions 7, 29 and 30 are crucial for key64-like transcription activity. We detected full-length recombinant CitPITP1 from E. coli, and visualized a CitPITP1-GFP fusion protein in plant cells, supporting the idea that CitPITP1 encodes a protein. However, although exon 4 of CitPITP1 contained key64, it did not demonstrate promoter activity in plants. Our study describes a new basal promoter, provides evidence for neofunction of gene elements across different kingdoms, and provides new knowledge for the modular design of promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Jialing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Li Li
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rao MJ, Zuo H, Xu Q. Genomic insights into citrus domestication and its important agronomic traits. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100138. [PMID: 33511347 PMCID: PMC7816076 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Citrus originated in Southeast Asia, and it has become one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Citrus has a long and obscure domestication history due to its clonal propagation, long life cycle, wide sexual compatibility, and complex genetic background. As the genomic information of both wild and cultivated citrus becomes available, their domestication history and underlying traits or genes are becoming clear. This review outlines the genomic features of wild and cultivated species. We propose that the reduction of citric acid is a critical trait for citrus domestication. The genetic model representing the change during domestication may be associated with a regulatory complex known as WD-repeat-MYB-bHLH-WRKY (WMBW), which is involved in acidification and anthocyanin accumulation. The reduction in or loss of anthocyanins may be due to a hitchhiking effect of fruit acidity selection, in which mutation occurs in the common regulator of these two pathways in some domesticated types. Moreover, we have summarized the domestication traits and candidate genes for breeding purposes. This review represents a comprehensive summary of the genes controlling key traits of interest, such as acidity, metabolism, and disease resistance. It also sheds light on recent advances in early flowering from transgenic studies and provides a new perspective for fast breeding of citrus. Our review lays a foundation for future research on fruit acidity, flavor, and disease resistance in citrus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education) Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|