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Teboul L, Amos-Landgraf J, Benavides FJ, Birling MC, Brown SDM, Bryda E, Bunton-Stasyshyn R, Chin HJ, Crispo M, Delerue F, Dobbie M, Franklin CL, Fuchtbauer EM, Gao X, Golzio C, Haffner R, Hérault Y, Hrabe de Angelis M, Lloyd KCK, Magnuson TR, Montoliu L, Murray SA, Nam KH, Nutter LMJ, Pailhoux E, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Peterson K, Reinholdt L, Sedlacek R, Seong JK, Shiroishi T, Smith C, Takeo T, Tinsley L, Vilotte JL, Warming S, Wells S, Whitelaw CB, Yoshiki A, Pavlovic G. Improving laboratory animal genetic reporting: LAG-R guidelines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5574. [PMID: 38956430 PMCID: PMC11220107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The biomedical research community addresses reproducibility challenges in animal studies through standardized nomenclature, improved experimental design, transparent reporting, data sharing, and centralized repositories. The ARRIVE guidelines outline documentation standards for laboratory animals in experiments, but genetic information is often incomplete. To remedy this, we propose the Laboratory Animal Genetic Reporting (LAG-R) framework. LAG-R aims to document animals' genetic makeup in scientific publications, providing essential details for replication and appropriate model use. While verifying complete genetic compositions may be impractical, better reporting and validation efforts enhance reliability of research. LAG-R standardization will bolster reproducibility, peer review, and overall scientific rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK.
| | - James Amos-Landgraf
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fernando J Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Visiting Scientist, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elizabeth Bryda
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Hsian-Jean Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center (NLAC), NARLabs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 1400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Phenomics Australia, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Craig L Franklin
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center of Mutant Mice (NRCMM), Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rebecca Haffner
- Department Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yann Hérault
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Terry R Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cynthia Smith
- Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI), Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Toru Takeo
- Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Louise Tinsley
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Søren Warming
- Genentech, Inc., a member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - C Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Thatukan C, Patta C, Singchat W, Jaito W, Kumnan N, Chalermwong P, Panthum T, Wongloet W, Wattanadilokchatkun P, Thong T, Ahmad SF, Muangmai N, Han K, Koga A, Duengkae P, Patcharakulvorawat R, Srikulnath K. Small but Mighty: Genetic Diversity of the Thai Ridgeback Dog Population. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10858-7. [PMID: 38864964 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Originating in Thailand, the Thai Ridgeback dog is known for its unique fur ridge that grows in the opposite direction along its back. Selective breeding and a limited populations in Thailand have led to significant close inbreeding among related individuals. The current Thai Ridgeback population is assumed to have experienced a loss of genetic diversity and bottleneck events. Furthermore, studies on the genetic diversity and structure of Thai Ridgeback dogs are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity in Thai Ridgeback dogs. Microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were used to assess genetic diversity in 105 Thai Ridgeback dogs from various farms throughout Thailand. Significant genetic diversity and minimal inbreeding were observed in the current Thai Ridgeback population. Signs of bottlenecks were not observed because the exchange of genetic material among Thai Ridgeback owners effectively preserved the genetic diversity. Moreover, the genetic parameters in this study supported owner-to-owner exchanges animals for mating programs. To sustain the genetic diversity of Thai Ridgeback dogs, the use of genetic parameters to manage genetic closeness while preserving breed characteristics is essential. These data are crucial for ensuring demographic stability, which is pivotal for long-term conservation and effective population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadaphon Thatukan
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10, Khlong Song Ton Nun, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Chananya Patta
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10, Khlong Song Ton Nun, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Worapong Singchat
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wattanawan Jaito
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10, Khlong Song Ton Nun, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Nichakorn Kumnan
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10, Khlong Song Ton Nun, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Piangjai Chalermwong
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Mind Pets Animal Hospital, 169/10, Khlong Song Ton Nun, Lat Krabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Thitipong Panthum
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wongsathit Wongloet
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Pish Wattanadilokchatkun
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thanyapat Thong
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Syed Farhan Ahmad
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Narongrit Muangmai
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kyudong Han
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
- Bio-Medical Engineering Core Facility Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
- Smart Animal Bio Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiko Koga
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Prateep Duengkae
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Animal Genomics and Bioresources Research Unit (AGB Research Unit), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Sciences for Industry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Special Research Unit for Wildlife Genomics (SRUWG), Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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3
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Bach MBT, Stougaard CL, Thøfner MS, Reimann MJ, Westrup U, Koch J, Fredholm M, Martinussen T, Berendt M, Olsen LH. Relationship between syringomyelia and myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:904-912. [PMID: 38391152 PMCID: PMC10937514 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringomyelia (SM) and myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) are highly prevalent in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Cardiac status in CKCS with and without SM is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between SM and MMVD severity in CKCS and CKCS with SM with and without clinical signs of SM. ANIMALS Fifty-five CKCS: 40 with SM (22 symptomatic and 18 asymptomatic) and 15 without SM. METHODS A combined retrospective and prospective study. MRI and echocardiography were used to diagnose SM and MMVD, respectively. The association between SM and MMVD severity (left ventricle internal diameter in diastole normalized to bodyweight [LVIDDN] and left atrium to aortic ratio [LA/Ao]) were tested using multivariable linear regression analysis adjusting for sex and age. RESULTS Overall, no significant difference in LVIDDN and LA/Ao was found between CKCS with or without SM. However, CKCS with symptomatic SM had significantly smaller LVIDDN (1.45 [1.30-1.50]) (median [IQR]) and LA/Ao (1.20 [1.10-1.28]) compared to CKCS with asymptomatic SM (1.60 [1.50-1.90] and 1.40 [1.20-1.75]) as well as CKCS without SM (0.24 [0.03-0.45] and 0.30 [0.05-0.56]) (all P values <.03). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE An association between MMVD and SM was not confirmed in this cohort of CKCS, indicating that MMVD and SM do not co-segregate. However, CKCS with symptomatic SM had smaller left ventricle and atrial size compared to CKCS with asymptomatic SM and CKCS without SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiken B. T. Bach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Camilla L. Stougaard
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Maria S. Thøfner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Maria J. Reimann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Ulrik Westrup
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jørgen Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Torben Martinussen
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Lisbeth H. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
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4
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Menor-Campos DJ. Ethical Concerns about Fashionable Dog Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:756. [PMID: 38473141 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The historical relationship between humans and dogs has involved selective breeding for various purposes, such as hunting, guarding, and service roles. However, over time, there has been a shift in preferences from functionality to aesthetics, which has influenced the diverse sizes, shapes, and coats of dog breeds. This review looks at fashionable dog breeding and questions the ethics of prioritising looks over health and behaviour. It aims to alert potential owners, breeders, and regulators to the importance of considering a dog's overall well-being, not just its appearance, which has resulted in fad breeding, leading to genetic disorders, health issues, and a loss of biodiversity. Ethical concerns arise from breeding brachycephalic breeds with respiratory conditions, inbreeding causing inherited disorders, and overbreeding popular breeds while shelter dogs remain unadopted. Additionally, the impact of cosmetic surgeries on popular dog breeds, as well as the neglect of behavioural traits in favour of physical characteristics and strict breeding practices are also considered. The current breeding model can have a negative impact on the emotional and cognitive well-being of dogs, resulting in issues such as aggression, anxiety, and other behavioural problems that can significantly reduce their overall quality of life. Unregulated breeding practices and the demand for rare breeds can lead to illegal breeding, compromising animal welfare. Prospective owners, veterinarians, kennel clubs, and legislators all need to play a responsible role in protecting animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Menor-Campos
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, 14005 Córdoba, Spain
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5
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Limpens C, Smits VTM, Fieten H, Mandigers PJJ. The effect of MRI-based screening and selection on the prevalence of syringomyelia in the Dutch and Danish Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1326621. [PMID: 38348108 PMCID: PMC10859423 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1326621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Syringomyelia (SM) is a heritable disorder causing a fluid filled cavity (FFC) in the spinal cord with a reported overall prevalence of 39 to 46% in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS). Breeders started screening their CKCS with MRI in the Netherlands since 2004 and in Denmark since 2015. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of MRI-based selection in breeding on the prevalence of SM. Method MRI scans of 2,125 purebred CKCS were available. SM was defined as having a visible FFC in the spinal cord. The prevalence of SM per year of birth was calculated, and a logistic regression was used to evaluate the affected status of offspring from affected versus unaffected parents and age category of the parent and study the combined effect of parental status and age-category to evaluate the effect on the affected status of the offspring. Results The mean FFC in affected CKCS was 2.03 ± 1.47 mm and ranged from 0.5 to 9 mm (median of 1.5 mm). An age effect exists as older CKCS, which has a higher frequency of being affected compared with younger CKCS. There was no significant sex predilection for SM in this dataset. The mean prevalence of SM decreased slightly from 38% (2010-2014; 2.8 ± 1.3 years of age (mean ± sd); median 2.6 years) to 27% (2015-2019; 2.4 ± 1.2 years of age; median 2.1 years) in the screened population of CKCS (p = 4.3e-07). Breeding with two affected parents increased the odds ratio with 3.08 for producing affected offspring (95% CI 1.58-6.04) compared with breeding with unaffected parents. Discussion MRI-based screening and selection against SM led to a minimal decrease in the prevalence of SM in the Dutch and Danish CKCS population. Breeding with dogs with SM significantly increases the risk of affected offspring. As the disorder is progressive with age, and based on the results of this study, MRI-based screening for all CKCS is recommended at an age of 3 years or older, and to reduce SM more effectively, CKCS affected with SM should not be used for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlalli Limpens
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vivian T. M. Smits
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. J. Mandigers
- Expertise Centre of Genetics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Evidensia Referral Hospital Arnhem, Arnhem, Netherlands
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6
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Niskanen JE, Ohlsson Å, Ljungvall I, Drögemüller M, Ernst RF, Dooijes D, van Deutekom HWM, van Tintelen JP, Snijders Blok CJB, van Vugt M, van Setten J, Asselbergs FW, Petrič AD, Salonen M, Hundi S, Hörtenhuber M, Kere J, Pyle WG, Donner J, Postma AV, Leeb T, Andersson G, Hytönen MK, Häggström J, Wiberg M, Friederich J, Eberhard J, Harakalova M, van Steenbeek FG, Wess G, Lohi H. Identification of novel genetic risk factors of dilated cardiomyopathy: from canine to human. Genome Med 2023; 15:73. [PMID: 37723491 PMCID: PMC10506233 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a life-threatening heart disease and a common cause of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and subsequent left or biventricular dilatation. A significant number of cases have a genetic etiology; however, as a complex disease, the exact genetic risk factors are largely unknown, and many patients remain without a molecular diagnosis. METHODS We performed GWAS followed by whole-genome, transcriptome, and immunohistochemical analyses in a spontaneously occurring canine model of DCM. Canine gene discovery was followed up in three human DCM cohorts. RESULTS Our results revealed two independent additive loci associated with the typical DCM phenotype comprising left ventricular systolic dysfunction and dilatation. We highlight two novel candidate genes, RNF207 and PRKAA2, known for their involvement in cardiac action potentials, energy homeostasis, and morphology. We further illustrate the distinct genetic etiologies underlying the typical DCM phenotype and ventricular premature contractions. Finally, we followed up on the canine discoveries in human DCM patients and discovered candidate variants in our two novel genes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study yields insight into the molecular pathophysiology of DCM and provides a large animal model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åsa Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Ernst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Deutekom
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J B Snijders Blok
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion van Vugt
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Milla Salonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sruthi Hundi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Hörtenhuber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jonas Donner
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wiberg
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Friederich
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny Eberhard
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wess
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Mata F, Mata A. Investigating the relationship between inbreeding and life expectancy in dogs: mongrels live longer than pure breeds. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15718. [PMID: 37483958 PMCID: PMC10362839 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the establishment of relationship between inbreeding and life expectancy in dogs. A dataset of N = 30,563 dogs sourced from the VetCompass™ Program, UK was made available by the Royal Veterinary College, University of London, containing information about breed and longevity and was subject to survival analysis. A Cox regression proportional hazards model was used to differentiate survivability in three groups of dogs (mongrel, cross-bred and pure breed). The model was found highly significant (p < 0.001) and we found that mongrel dog had the highest life expectancy, followed by cross-bred dogs with only one purebred ancestor and purebred dogs had the lowest life expectancy. A second Cox regression was also found highly significant (p < 0.001) differentiating the lifespan of different dog breed and correlating positively the hazard ratio and the Genetic Illness Severity Index for Dogs (GISID). The results show that survivability is higher in mongrel dogs followed by cross-bred with one of the ancestor only as a pure breed, and pure breed dog have the highest morbidity level. Higher morbidity is associated with higher GISID scores, and therefore, higher inbreeding coefficients. These findings have important implications for dog breeders, owners, and animal welfare organizations seeking to promote healthier, longer-lived dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mata
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Andreia Mata
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
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8
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Aherne M. Cardiac Disease and Screening in Breeding Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023:S0195-5616(23)00074-8. [PMID: 37353418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Acquired and congenital heart diseases are relatively common in dogs, particularly in certain breeds. Modes of inheritance and genetic causes have been established for several cardiac diseases within various breeds. Breed screening is used to try and reduce the prevalence of certain canine cardiac diseases. Although breed screening seems to help reduce the prevalence of canine heart disease, the outcomes of specific breeding programs are variable and depend on multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aherne
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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9
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Sylvester CB, Amirkhosravi F, Bortoletto AS, West WJ, Connell JP, Grande-Allen KJ. Dantrolene inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced valve interstitial cell calcific nodule formation via blockade of the ryanodine receptor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1112965. [PMID: 37063962 PMCID: PMC10100588 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), a fibrocalcific thickening of the aortic valve leaflets causing obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract, affects nearly 10 million people worldwide. For those who reach end-stage CAVD, the only treatment is highly invasive valve replacement. The development of pharmaceutical treatments that can slow or reverse the progression in those affected by CAVD would greatly advance the treatment of this disease. The principal cell type responsible for the fibrocalcific thickening of the valve leaflets in CAVD is valvular interstitial cells (VICs). The cellular processes mediating this calcification are complex, but calcium second messenger signaling, regulated in part by the ryanodine receptor (RyR), has been shown to play a role in a number of other fibrocalcific diseases. We sought to determine if the blockade of calcium signaling in VICs could ameliorate calcification in an in vitro model. We previously found that VICs express RyR isotype 3 and that its modulation could prevent VIC calcific nodule formation in vitro. We sought to expand upon these results by further investigating the effects of calcium signaling blockade on VIC gene expression and behavior using dantrolene, an FDA-approved pan-RyR inhibitor. We found that dantrolene also prevented calcific nodule formation in VICs due to cholesterol-derived lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). This protective effect corresponded with decreases in intracellular calcium flux, apoptosis, and ACTA2 expression but not reactive oxygen species formation caused by LPC. Interestingly, dantrolene increased the expression of the regulator genes RUNX2 and SOX9, indicating complex gene regulation changes. Further investigation via RNA sequencing revealed that dantrolene induced several cytoprotective genes that are likely also responsible for its attenuation of LPC-induced calcification. These results suggest that RyR3 is a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of CAVD. Further studies of the effects of RyR3 inhibition on CAVD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Sylvester
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farshad Amirkhosravi
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angelina S. Bortoletto
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Cell and Gene, Stem Cells, and Regenerative Medicine Center, Translational and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William J. West
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - K. Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Correspondence: K. Jane Grande-Allen
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10
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Arendt ML, Sakthikumar S, Melin M, Elvers I, Rivera P, Larsen M, Saellström S, Lingaas F, Rönnberg H, Lindblad-Toh K. PIK3CA is recurrently mutated in canine mammary tumors, similarly to in human mammary neoplasia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:632. [PMID: 36635367 PMCID: PMC9837039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological features of neoplastic disease affecting mammary gland tissue are shared between canines and humans. Research performed in either species has translational value and early phase clinical trials performed in canines with spontaneous disease could be informative for human trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the somatic genetic aberrations occurring in canine mammary neoplasia by exome capture and next generation sequencing. Based on 55 tumor-normal pairs we identified the PIK3CA gene as the most commonly mutated gene in canine mammary tumors, with 25% of samples carrying mutations in this gene. A recurrent missense mutation was identified, p.H1047R, which is homologous to the human PIK3CA hotspot mutation found in different types of breast neoplasia. Mutations homologous to other known human mutation hotspots such as the PIK3CA p.E545K and the KRAS p.G12V/D were also identified. We identified copy number aberrations affecting important tumor suppressor and oncogenic pathways including deletions affecting the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. We suggest that activation of the KRAS or PIK3CA oncogenes or loss of the PTEN suppressor gene may be important for mammary tumor development in dogs. This data endorses the conservation of cancer across species and the validity of studying cancer in non-human species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Louise Arendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Malin Melin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Genomics Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Sara Saellström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frode Lingaas
- Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Henrik Rönnberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Mead SE, Beijerink NJ, O’Brien M, Wade CM. Genetic Variants at the Nebulette Locus Are Associated with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease Severity in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122292. [PMID: 36553559 PMCID: PMC9778376 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cardiovascular disease in domestic dogs is myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), accounting for 75% of all cardiac disease. An increase in age is generally associated with increased incidence of the disease, but Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) exhibit an unusually high prevalence of early-onset MMVD, and thus, potentially greater cardiac morbidity and mortality compared to other breeds. Previous research has suggested that selected candidate risk alleles for MMVD are fixed in CKCSs, including six locations within the Nebulette (NEBL) gene on CFA2. The current study analysed genotypes of 180 Australian CKCSs at the identified risk loci. Of these, 178 were phenotyped for severity of disease by echocardiographic measurements of left atrium to aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) and weight normalised left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVIDdN). Genotyping array markers correctly predicted the genotype at the risk-variant loci in the CKCS population, and the NEBL1, NEBL2 and NEBL3 variants were observed to be in perfect linkage disequilibrium in this cohort. The CKCS cohort included 6/178 dogs being heterozygous for the protective/wild-type alleles at the NEBL locus. The mean LA:Ao and LVIDdN scores of these dogs heterozygous at NEBL1-3 variants were significantly smaller, and with significantly lower variance compared to age-matched CKCSs that were homozygous for risk alleles. The lower cardiac measurements in the heterozygous dogs indicate a significantly reduced risk of severe MMVD disease. Our analysis suggests that despite relative fixation of the NEBL risk alleles, healthy reference alleles at NEBL1-3 exist in low frequency in the CKCS breed and can be used to reduce MMVD severity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Mead
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Niek J. Beijerink
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Veterinaire Specialisten Vught, Reutsedijk 8a, 5264 Vught, The Netherlands
| | - Mitchell O’Brien
- Transformational Bioinformatics, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Claire M. Wade
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Camperdown, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Axelsson E, Ljungvall I, Bhoumik P, Conn LB, Muren E, Ohlsson Å, Olsen LH, Engdahl K, Hagman R, Hanson J, Kryvokhyzha D, Pettersson M, Grenet O, Moggs J, Rio-Espinola AD, Epe C, Taillon B, Tawari N, Mane S, Hawkins T, Hedhammar Å, Gruet P, Häggström J, Lindblad-Toh K. Correction: The genetic consequences of dog breed formation—Accumulation of deleterious genetic variation and fixation of mutations associated with myxomatous mitral valve disease in cavalier King Charles spaniels. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010039. [PMID: 35085237 PMCID: PMC8794096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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