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Qin S, Cheng X, Zhang S, Shen Q, Zhong R, Chen X, Yi Z. Sleep patterns, genetic susceptibility, and risk of cirrhosis among individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Int 2024:10.1007/s12072-024-10665-7. [PMID: 38888882 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between sleep patterns or behaviors and the risk of cirrhosis and the influence of genetic susceptibility on these associations among NAFLD participants remain inadequately elucidated. METHODS This study conducted a prospective follow-up of 112,196 NAFLD participants diagnosed at baseline from the UK Biobank cohort study. Five sleep behaviors were collected to measure a healthy sleep score. Five genetic variants were used to construct a polygenic risk score. We used Cox proportional hazard model to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of cirrhosis. RESULTS During the follow-up, 592 incident cirrhosis cases were documented. Healthy sleep pattern was associated with reduced risk of cirrhosis in a dose-response manner (ptrend < 0.001). Participants with favourable sleep score (versus unfavourable sleep score) had an HR of 0.55 for cirrhosis risk (95% CI 0.39-0.78). Multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of cirrhosis incidence for NAFLDs with no frequent insomnia, sleeping for 7-8 h per day, and no excessive daytime dozing behaviors were 0.73 (0.61-0.87), 0.79 (0.66-0.93), and 0.69 (0.50-0.95), respectively. Compared with participants with favourable sleep pattern and low genetic risk, those with unfavourable sleep pattern and high genetic risk had higher risks of cirrhosis incidence (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.88-5.33). In addition, a significant interaction between chronotype and genetic risk was detected for the incidence of cirrhosis (p for multiplicative interaction = 0.004). CONCLUSION An association was observed between healthy sleep pattern and decreased risk of cirrhosis among NAFLD participants, regardless of low or high genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Cancer Centre, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Medical Department, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhiqian Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Centre for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 101, Iceland.
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Jankowski KS, Zajenkowski M, Górniak J. Chronotype in relation to free and total testosterone in men. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:924-928. [PMID: 38836459 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2360719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined the association between eveningness and testosterone levels in men. Specifically, we differentiated between free and total testosterone fractions, with free testosterone being recognized as the most bioavailable form of this hormone. We collected blood samples from 298 men aged 18-44 to assess total and free testosterone. Additionally, we measured sleep timing variables using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. The main result of the current study indicated that evening chronotype was associated with higher levels of free testosterone, but was unrelated to total testosterone. Sleep loss was unrelated to the both testosterone fractions. We expanded prior findings by utilizing a more comprehensive testosterone assay what indicated that evening chronotype is primarily associated with the most bioavailable form of testosterone (i.e. free testosterone) in adult men.
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Wu X, Yang C, Zou Y, Jones SE, Zhao X, Zhang L, Han Z, Hao Y, Xiao J, Xiao C, Zhang W, Yan P, Cui H, Tang M, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Yao Y, Liu Z, Li J, Jiang X, Zhang B. Using human genetics to understand the phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13973. [PMID: 37380357 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the shared genetic influences underlying the observed phenotypic association between chronotype and breast cancer in women. Leveraging summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome-wide association study conducted in each trait, we investigated the genetic correlation, pleiotropic loci, and causal relationship of chronotype with overall breast cancer, and with its subtypes defined by the status of oestrogen receptor. We identified a negative genomic correlation between chronotype and overall breast cancer (r g = -0.06, p = 3.00 × 10-4), consistent across oestrogen receptor-positive (r g = -0.05, p = 3.30 × 10-3) and oestrogen receptor-negative subtypes (r g = -0.05, p = 1.11 × 10-2). Five specific genomic regions were further identified as contributing a significant local genetic correlation. Cross-trait meta-analysis identified 78 loci shared between chronotype and breast cancer, of which 23 were novel. Transcriptome-wide association study revealed 13 shared genes, targeting tissues of the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive, and exocrine/endocrine systems. Mendelian randomisation demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of overall breast cancer (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.83-0.94; p = 1.30 × 10-4) for genetically predicted morning chronotype. No reverse causality was found. Our work demonstrates an intrinsic link underlying chronotype and breast cancer, which may provide clues to inform management of sleep habits to improve female health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Samuel E Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xunying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhitong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyu Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Iatrical Polymer Material and Artificial Apparatus, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Denos M, Sun YQ, Brumpton B, Li Y, Albanes D, Burnett-Hartman A, Campbell PT, Küry S, Li CI, White E, Samadder JN, Jenkins M, Mai XM. Sex hormones and risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women: a Mendelian randomization study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4083598. [PMID: 38659935 PMCID: PMC11042402 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4083598/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The roles of sex hormones such as estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the etiology of lung and colorectal cancers in women, among the most common cancers after breast cancer, are unclear. This Mendelian randomization (MR) study evaluated such potential causal associations in women of European ancestry. We used summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on sex hormones and from the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study and large consortia on cancers. There was suggestive evidence of genetically predicted 1-standard deviation increase in total testosterone levels being associated with a lower risk of lung non-adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio (HR) 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.98) in the HUNT Study. However, this was not confirmed by using data from a larger consortium. In general, we did not find convincing evidence to support a causal role of sex hormones on risk of lung and colorectal cancers in women of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Qian Sun
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology
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Freeman JR, Saint-Maurice PF, Watts EL, Moore SC, Shams-White MM, Wolff-Hughes DL, Russ DE, Almeida JS, Caporaso NE, Hong HG, Loftfield E, Matthews CE. Actigraphy-derived measures of sleep and risk of prostate cancer in the UK Biobank. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:434-444. [PMID: 38013591 PMCID: PMC10919343 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of sleep and prostate cancer are almost entirely based on self-report, with limited research using actigraphy. Our goal was to evaluate actigraphy-measured sleep and prostate cancer and to expand on findings from prior studies of self-reported sleep. METHODS We prospectively examined 34 260 men without a history of prostate cancer in the UK Biobank. Sleep characteristics were measured over 7 days using actigraphy. We calculated sleep duration, onset, midpoint, wake-up time, social jetlag (difference in weekend-weekday sleep midpoints), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep between onset and wake-up time), and wakefulness after sleep onset. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate covariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Over 7.6 years, 1152 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Sleep duration was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Sleep midpoint earlier than 4:00 am was not associated with prostate cancer risk, though sleep midpoint of 5:00 am or later was suggestively associated with lower prostate cancer risk but had limited precision (earlier than 4:00 am vs 4:00-4:59 am HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.16; 5:00 am or later vs 4:00-4:59 am HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.10). Social jetlag was not associated with greater prostate cancer risk (1 to <2 hours vs <1 hour HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.25; ≥2 hours vs <1 hour HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.26). Compared with men who averaged less than 30 minutes of wakefulness after sleep onset per day, men with 60 minutes or more had a higher risk of prostate cancer (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.43). CONCLUSIONS Of the sleep characteristics studied, higher wakefulness after sleep onset-a measure of poor sleep quality-was associated with greater prostate cancer risk. Replication of our findings between wakefulness after sleep onset and prostate cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Freeman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eleanor L Watts
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marissa M Shams-White
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dana L Wolff-Hughes
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel E Russ
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonas S Almeida
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyokyoung G Hong
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erikka Loftfield
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Cui H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Qu Y, Xu Z, Tan Z, Yan P, Tang M, Yang C, Wang Y, Chen L, Xiao C, Zou Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Liu Z, Yang C, Jiang X, Zhang B. Risk factors for prostate cancer: An umbrella review of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization analyses. PLoS Med 2024; 21:e1004362. [PMID: 38489391 PMCID: PMC10980219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing in older males globally. Age, ethnicity, and family history are identified as the well-known risk factors for prostate cancer, but few modifiable factors have been firmly established. The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate various factors modifying the risk of prostate cancer reported in meta-analyses of prospective observational studies and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from the inception to January 10, 2022, updated on September 9, 2023, to identify meta-analyses and MR studies on prostate cancer. Eligibility criteria for meta-analyses were (1) meta-analyses including prospective observational studies or studies that declared outcome-free at baseline; (2) evaluating the factors of any category associated with prostate cancer incidence; and (3) providing effect estimates for further data synthesis. Similar criteria were applied to MR studies. Meta-analysis was repeated using the random-effects inverse-variance model with DerSimonian-Laird method. Quality assessment was then conducted for included meta-analyses using AMSTAR-2 tool and for MR studies using STROBE-MR and assumption evaluation. Subsequent evidence grading criteria for significant associations in meta-analyses contained sample size, P values and 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity, and publication bias, assigning 4 evidence grades (convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak). Significant associations in MR studies were graded as robust, probable, suggestive, or insufficient considering P values and concordance of effect directions. Finally, 92 selected from 411 meta-analyses and 64 selected from 118 MR studies were included after excluding the overlapping and outdated studies which were published earlier and contained fewer participants or fewer instrument variables for the same exposure. In total, 123 observational associations (45 significant and 78 null) and 145 causal associations (55 significant and 90 null) were categorized into lifestyle; diet and nutrition; anthropometric indices; biomarkers; clinical variables, diseases, and treatments; and environmental factors. Concerning evidence grading on significant associations, there were 5 highly suggestive, 36 suggestive, and 4 weak associations in meta-analyses, and 10 robust, 24 probable, 4 suggestive, and 17 insufficient causal associations in MR studies. Twenty-six overlapping factors between meta-analyses and MR studies were identified, with consistent significant effects found for physical activity (PA) (occupational PA in meta: OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94; accelerator-measured PA in MR: OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.72), height (meta: OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.12; MR: OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15, for aggressive prostate cancer), and smoking (current smoking in meta: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.80; smoking initiation in MR: OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97). Methodological limitation is that the evidence grading criteria could be expanded by considering more indices. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale study, we summarized the associations of various factors with prostate cancer risk and provided comparisons between observational associations by meta-analysis and genetically estimated causality by MR analyses. In the absence of convincing overlapping evidence based on the existing literature, no robust associations were identified, but some effects were observed for height, physical activity, and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengxing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peijing Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingshuang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenghan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Iatrical Polymer Material and Artificial Apparatus, School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, and West China-PUMC C. C. Chen Institute of Health, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Zhang
- Hainan General Hospital and Hainan Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yuan C, Jian Z, Feng S, Wang M, Xiang L, Li H, Jin X, Wang K. Do Obesity-Related Traits Affect Prostate Cancer Risk through Serum Testosterone? A Mendelian Randomization Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4884. [PMID: 37835578 PMCID: PMC10571835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether testosterone mediates or confounds the effect of obesity-related traits on prostate cancer (PCa) using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of obesity-related traits (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index [WHRadjBMI]) were obtained from up to 806,834 people of European ancestry; data of testosterone (bioavailable testosterone [BT], total testosterone [TT], and sex hormone-binding globulin [SHBG]) were extracted from up to 194,453 participants in the UK Biobank; and the summary-level data of PCa (79,194 cases and 61,112 controls) were obtained from the PRACTICAL consortium. RESULT The results supported the causal relationship between higher BMI and a reduced risk of PCa (OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-0.96). Furthermore, increased BT levels were associated with an elevated risk of PCa (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06-1.24). Importantly, our analysis revealed a unidirectional causal effect-higher BMI was linked to lower BT levels (beta = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.3--0.24), but not the other way around. This suggests that BT may mediate the effect of BMI on PCa rather than confound it. Our multivariable MR results further demonstrated that considering BT as a mediator led to the weakening of BMI's effect on PCa risk (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.05), while the impact of BT on PCa remained unchanged when accounting for BMI. Moreover, we identified a significant indirect effect of BMI on PCa risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.98). CONCLUSION Our study provided genetic evidence that serum BT can mediate the effect of BMI on the risk of PCa, indicating the possible mechanism by which obesity reduces PCa risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhongyu Jian
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Liyuan Xiang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.J.); (S.F.); (M.W.); (L.X.); (H.L.)
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8
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Sato G, Shirai Y, Namba S, Edahiro R, Sonehara K, Hata T, Uemura M, Matsuda K, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Okada Y. Pan-cancer and cross-population genome-wide association studies dissect shared genetic backgrounds underlying carcinogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3671. [PMID: 37340002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrating genomic data of multiple cancers allows de novo cancer grouping and elucidating the shared genetic basis across cancers. Here, we conduct the pan-cancer and cross-population genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis and replication studies on 13 cancers including 250,015 East Asians (Biobank Japan) and 377,441 Europeans (UK Biobank). We identify ten cancer risk variants including five pleiotropic associations (e.g., rs2076295 at DSP on 6p24 associated with lung cancer and rs2525548 at TRIM4 on 7q22 nominally associated with six cancers). Quantifying shared heritability among the cancers detects positive genetic correlations between breast and prostate cancer across populations. Common genetic components increase the statistical power, and the large-scale meta-analysis of 277,896 breast/prostate cancer cases and 901,858 controls identifies 91 newly genome-wide significant loci. Enrichment analysis of pathways and cell types reveals shared genetic backgrounds across said cancers. Focusing on genetically correlated cancers can contribute to enhancing our insights into carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Sato
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Shirai
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryuya Edahiro
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Yuan S, Mason AM, Titova OE, Vithayathil M, Kar S, Chen J, Li X, Burgess S, Larsson SC. Morning chronotype and digestive tract cancers: Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:697-704. [PMID: 36093575 PMCID: PMC7613990 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Morning chronotype has been associated with a reduced risk of prostate and breast cancer. However, few studies have examined whether chronotype is associated with digestive tract cancer risk. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the associations of chronotype with major digestive tract cancers. A total of 317 independent genetic variants associated with chronotype at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8 ) were used as instrumental variables from a genome-wide meta-analysis of 449 734 individuals. Summary-level data on overall and six digestive tract cancers, including esophageal, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, were obtained from the UK Biobank (11 952 cases) and FinnGen (7638 cases) study. Genetic liability to morning chronotype was associated with reduced risk of overall digestive tract cancer and cancers of stomach, biliary tract and colorectum in UK Biobank. The associations for the overall digestive tract, stomach and colorectal cancers were directionally replicated in FinnGen. In the meta-analysis of the two sources, genetic liability to morning chronotype was associated with a decreased risk of overall digestive tract cancer (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-0.98), stomach cancer (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97) and colorectal cancer (OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.98), but not with the other studied cancers. The associations were consistent in multivariable MR analysis with adjustment for genetically predicted sleep duration, short sleep, insomnia and body mass index. The study provided MR evidence of inverse associations of morning chronotype with digestive tract cancer, particularly stomach and colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amy M Mason
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga E Titova
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- Centre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Genetic analyses implicate complex links between adult testosterone levels and health and disease. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:4. [PMID: 36653534 PMCID: PMC9849476 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testosterone levels are linked with diverse characteristics of human health, yet, whether these associations reflect correlation or causation remains debated. Here, we provide a broad perspective on the role of genetically determined testosterone on complex diseases in both sexes. METHODS Leveraging genetic and health registry data from the UK Biobank and FinnGen (total N = 625,650), we constructed polygenic scores (PGS) for total testosterone, sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and free testosterone, associating these with 36 endpoints across different disease categories in the FinnGen. These analyses were combined with Mendelian Randomization (MR) and cross-sex PGS analyses to address causality. RESULTS We show testosterone and SHBG levels are intricately tied to metabolic health, but report lack of causality behind most associations, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Across other disease domains, including 13 behavioral and neurological diseases, we similarly find little evidence for a substantial contribution from normal variation in testosterone levels. We nonetheless find genetically predicted testosterone affects many sex-specific traits, with a pronounced impact on female reproductive health, including causal contribution to PCOS-related traits like hirsutism and post-menopausal bleeding (PMB). We also illustrate how testosterone levels associate with antagonistic effects on stroke risk and reproductive endpoints between the sexes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide insight into how genetically determined testosterone correlates with several health parameters in both sexes. Yet the lack of evidence for a causal contribution to most traits beyond sex-specific health underscores the complexity of the mechanisms linking testosterone levels to disease risk and sex differences.
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11
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Yuan C, Jian Z, Jin X. Chronotype and insomnia may affect the testosterone levels with a sexual difference: a Mendelian randomization. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:123-132. [PMID: 35997959 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the causal effects of sleep traits (i.e., chronotype, insomnia, and sleep duration) on bioavailable testosterone (BT), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and total testosterone (TT) levels in women and men. METHODS We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) using random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and 7 other MR analyses. Exposure data for sleep traits were obtained from the largest-to-date genome-wide association study (GWAS) from 339,926 to 1,331,010 individuals. Summary data for testosterone levels were obtained from GWAS based on the UK Biobank. RESULTS For women, our study supported that chronotype was associated with decreased BT (IVW: β = - 0.042, 95% CI - 0.060, - 0.023, p = 1.17E-05) and TT (IVW: - 0.053, 95% CI - 0.075, - 0.031, p = 2.30E-06). Besides, insomnia can significantly increase BT (IVW: β = 0.025, 95% CI 0.009, 0.041, p = 0.002). These findings were significant in most sensitivity analyses. For men, statistical significance was found between chronotype and BT (β = - 0.027, 95% CI - 0.048, - 0.005, p = 0.016), and insomnia and TT (β = - 0.028, 95% CI - 0.049, 0.007, p = 0.009) in IVW. However, the effect estimates were not broadly consistent with other sensitivity analyses. Our study did not find support for causal effects of sleep duration on testosterone levels in both women and men. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the sex differences in the effects of sleep traits on testosterone levels. A healthy sleep habit is vital for the maintenance of testosterone homeostasis in women. Further studies are warranted to investigate the associations between sleep traits and testosterone levels in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Jian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - X Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chang J, Wu Y, Zhou S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Tian J, Song W, Dong Y, Li J, Zhao Z, Che G. Genetically predicted testosterone and cancers risk in men: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Transl Med 2022; 20:573. [PMID: 36482455 PMCID: PMC9730605 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In observational studies, testosterone has been reported to be associated with some types of cancers. However, the direction and magnitude of the causal association between testosterone and different types of cancer remain unclear. This Mendelian randomization study assessed the causal associations of total testosterone (TT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) with cancer risk in men. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization using publicly available GWAS summary statistics to investigate the genetically causal association between testosterone and the risk of 22 kinds of cancers in men. Causal estimates were calculated by the inverse variance weighted method. We also performed additional sensitivity tests to evaluate the validity of the casualty. RESULTS Genetically predicted BT level were significantly associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.26, P = 2.51E-05] in the MR analysis with the IVW method. TT was found to be the suggestive protective factor against stomach cancer (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.93, P = 0.0116) as well as pancreatic cancer (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.96, P = 0.0346). A suggestive association was found between TT and the occurrence of small intestine cancer (OR = 1.0004, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0007, P = 0.0116). However, testosterone had no significant association with other cancers. CONCLUSION This study investigated the role of testosterone in the development of prostate cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and small intestine cancer but found no strong association with the other cancers in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junke Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenpeng Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxian Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jue Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Chu X, He C, Sang B, Yang C, Yin C, Ji M, Qian A, Tian Y. Transfer RNAs-derived small RNAs and their application potential in multiple diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:954431. [PMID: 36072340 PMCID: PMC9441921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.954431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of tRNAs is best known as adapter components of translational machinery. According to the central dogma of molecular biology, DNA is transcribed to RNA and in turn is translated into proteins, in which tRNA outstands by its role of the cellular courier. Recent studies have led to the revision of the canonical function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which indicates that tRNAs also serve as a source for short non-coding RNAs called tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). tsRNAs play key roles in cellular processes by modulating complicated regulatory networks beyond translation and are widely involved in multiple diseases. Herein, the biogenesis and classification of tsRNAs were firstly clarified. tsRNAs are generated from pre-tRNAs or mature tRNAs and are classified into tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNA). The tRFs include five types according to the incision loci: tRF-1, tRF-2, tRF-3, tRF-5 and i-tRF which contain 3′ tiRNA and 5′ tiRNA. The functions of tsRNAs and their regulation mechanisms involved in disease processes are systematically summarized as well. The mechanisms can elaborate on the specific regulation of tsRNAs. In conclusion, the current research suggests that tsRNAs are promising targets for modulating pathological processes, such as breast cancer, ischemic stroke, respiratory syncytial virus, osteoporosis and so on, and maintain vital clinical implications in diagnosis and therapeutics of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chenyang He
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bo Sang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Academician (expert) Workstation, Lab of Epigenetics and RNA Therapy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Mili Ji
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
| | - Ye Tian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, SN, China
- *Correspondence: Airong Qian, ; Ye Tian,
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