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Hannah K, Haddaway NR, Fuller RA, Amano T. Language inclusion in ecological systematic reviews and maps: Barriers and perspectives. Res Synth Methods 2024; 15:466-482. [PMID: 38286438 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Systematic reviews and maps are considered a reliable form of research evidence, but often neglect non-English-language literature, which can be a source of important evidence. To understand the barriers that might limit authors' ability or intent to find and include non-English-language literature, we assessed factors that may predict the inclusion of non-English-language literature in ecological systematic reviews and maps, as well as the review authors' perspectives. We assessed systematic reviews and maps published in Environmental Evidence (n = 72). We also surveyed authors from each paper (n = 32 responses), gathering information on the barriers to the inclusion of non-English language literature. 44% of the reviewed papers (32/72) excluded non-English literature from their searches and inclusions. Commonly cited reasons included constraints related to resources and time. Regression analysis revealed that reviews with larger author teams, authors from diverse countries, especially those with non-English primary languages, and teams with multilingual capabilities searched in a significantly greater number of non-English languages. Our survey exposed limited language diversity within the review teams and inadequate funding as the principal barriers to incorporating non-English language literature. To improve language inclusion and reduce bias in systematic reviews and maps, our study suggests increasing language diversity within review teams. Combining machine translation with language skills can alleviate the financial and resource burdens of translation. Funding applications could also include translation costs. Additionally, establishing language exchange systems would enable access to information in more languages. Further studies investigating language inclusion in other journals would strengthen these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hannah
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neal R Haddaway
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
- Africa Centre for Evidence, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard A Fuller
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Tripathi S, Gabriel K, Dheer S, Parajuli A, Augustin AI, Elahi A, Awan O, Dako F. Understanding Biases and Disparities in Radiology AI Datasets: A Review. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:836-841. [PMID: 37454752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to show great potential in disease detection and diagnosis on medical imaging with increasingly high accuracy. An important component of AI model creation is dataset development for training, validation, and testing. Diverse and high-quality datasets are critical to ensure robust and unbiased AI models that maintain validity, especially in traditionally underserved populations globally. Yet publicly available datasets demonstrate problems with quality and inclusivity. In this literature review, the authors evaluate publicly available medical imaging datasets for demographic, geographic, genetic, and disease representation or lack thereof and call for an increase emphasis on dataset development to maximize the impact of AI models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satvik Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kyla Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Suhani Dheer
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aastha Parajuli
- Department of Radiology, Kathmandu University of School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | | | - Ameena Elahi
- Department of Information Services, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Omar Awan
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Farouk Dako
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Bally S, Cottin J, Gagnieu MC, Lega JC, Verstuyft C, Rheims S, Lesca G, Cucherat M, Grenet G. Publication bias in pharmacogenetics of adverse reaction to antiseizure drugs: An umbrella review and a meta-epidemiological study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278839. [PMID: 36584134 PMCID: PMC9803138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Publication bias may lead to a misestimation in the association between pharmacogenetic biomarkers (PGx) and antiseizure drug's adverse effects (AEs). We aimed to assess its prevalence in this field. We searched for systematic reviews assessing PGx of antiseizure drug's AEs. For each unique association between a PGx, a drug and its AE, we used the available odds ratio (ORs) to generate corresponding funnel plots. We estimated the prevalence of publication bias using visual inspections and asymmetry tests. We explored the impact of publication bias using ORs adjusted for potential publication bias. Twenty-two associations were available. Our visual analysis suggested a publication bias in five out twenty-two funnel plots (23% [95%CI: 8; 45]). The Egger's test showed a significant publication bias in one (HLA-B*15:02 and phenytoin-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, p = 0.03) out of nine (11% [95%CI: 0; 48]) and the Begg's test in one (HLA-B*15:02 and carbamazepine-induced serious cutaneous reactions, p = 0.02) out of ten (10% [95%CI: 0; 45]) assessable funnel plots. Adjusting for publication bias may reduce by half the ORs of the pharmacogenetics associations. Publication bias in the pharmacogenetic of antiseizure drug's AEs is not uncommon and may affect the estimation of the effect of such biomarkers. When conducting pharmacogenetic studies, it is critical to publish also the negative one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bally
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Cottin
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacotoxicologie, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M. C. Gagnieu
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J. C. Lega
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
- Service de Médecine Interne et Vasculaire, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - C. Verstuyft
- CESP, MOODS Team, INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie de Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S. Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - G. Lesca
- Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils De Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - M. Cucherat
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacotoxicologie, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Grenet
- Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacotoxicologie, Pôle de Santé Publique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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4
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Ali AHA. The common gene MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism associated with obesity: A meta-analysis. HUMAN GENE 2022; 33:201035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humgen.2022.201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ruffini N, Klingenberg S, Heese R, Schweiger S, Gerber S. The Big Picture of Neurodegeneration: A Meta Study to Extract the Essential Evidence on Neurodegenerative Diseases in a Network-Based Approach. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:866886. [PMID: 35832065 PMCID: PMC9271745 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.866886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The common features of all neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease, are the accumulation of aggregated and misfolded proteins and the progressive loss of neurons, leading to cognitive decline and locomotive dysfunction. Still, they differ in their ultimate manifestation, the affected brain region, and the kind of proteinopathy. In the last decades, a vast number of processes have been described as associated with neurodegenerative diseases, making it increasingly harder to keep an overview of the big picture forming from all those data. In this meta-study, we analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic data of the aforementioned diseases using the data of 234 studies in a network-based approach to study significant general coherences but also specific processes in individual diseases or omics levels. In the analysis part, we focus on only some of the emerging findings, but trust that the meta-study provided here will be a valuable resource for various other researchers focusing on specific processes or genes contributing to the development of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ruffini
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Leibniz Association, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Klingenberg
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raoul Heese
- Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics (ITWM), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Susann Schweiger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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6
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Amano T, Berdejo-Espinola V, Christie AP, Willott K, Akasaka M, Báldi A, Berthinussen A, Bertolino S, Bladon AJ, Chen M, Choi CY, Bou Dagher Kharrat M, de Oliveira LG, Farhat P, Golivets M, Hidalgo Aranzamendi N, Jantke K, Kajzer-Bonk J, Kemahlı Aytekin MÇ, Khorozyan I, Kito K, Konno K, Lin DL, Littlewood N, Liu Y, Liu Y, Loretto MC, Marconi V, Martin PA, Morgan WH, Narváez-Gómez JP, Negret PJ, Nourani E, Ochoa Quintero JM, Ockendon N, Oh RRY, Petrovan SO, Piovezan-Borges AC, Pollet IL, Ramos DL, Reboredo Segovia AL, Rivera-Villanueva AN, Rocha R, Rouyer MM, Sainsbury KA, Schuster R, Schwab D, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Seo HM, Shackelford G, Shinoda Y, Smith RK, Tao SD, Tsai MS, Tyler EHM, Vajna F, Valdebenito JO, Vozykova S, Waryszak P, Zamora-Gutierrez V, Zenni RD, Zhou W, Sutherland WJ. Tapping into non-English-language science for the conservation of global biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001296. [PMID: 34618803 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.24.445520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely held assumption that any important scientific information would be available in English underlies the underuse of non-English-language science across disciplines. However, non-English-language science is expected to bring unique and valuable scientific information, especially in disciplines where the evidence is patchy, and for emergent issues where synthesising available evidence is an urgent challenge. Yet such contribution of non-English-language science to scientific communities and the application of science is rarely quantified. Here, we show that non-English-language studies provide crucial evidence for informing global biodiversity conservation. By screening 419,679 peer-reviewed papers in 16 languages, we identified 1,234 non-English-language studies providing evidence on the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation interventions, compared to 4,412 English-language studies identified with the same criteria. Relevant non-English-language studies are being published at an increasing rate in 6 out of the 12 languages where there were a sufficient number of relevant studies. Incorporating non-English-language studies can expand the geographical coverage (i.e., the number of 2° × 2° grid cells with relevant studies) of English-language evidence by 12% to 25%, especially in biodiverse regions, and taxonomic coverage (i.e., the number of species covered by the relevant studies) by 5% to 32%, although they do tend to be based on less robust study designs. Our results show that synthesising non-English-language studies is key to overcoming the widespread lack of local, context-dependent evidence and facilitating evidence-based conservation globally. We urge wider disciplines to rigorously reassess the untapped potential of non-English-language science in informing decisions to address other global challenges. Please see the Supporting information files for Alternative Language Abstracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Amano
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Violeta Berdejo-Espinola
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alec P Christie
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Willott
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Munemitsu Akasaka
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - András Báldi
- Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrew J Bladon
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Yong Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Campus Sciences et Technologies, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Perla Farhat
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph, Campus Sciences et Technologies, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marina Golivets
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Jantke
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Kajzer-Bonk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Çisel Kemahlı Aytekin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Igor Khorozyan
- Department of Conservation Biology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kensuke Kito
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Konno
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
| | - Da-Li Lin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Jiji, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Nick Littlewood
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Rural Land Use, SRUC, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Matthias-Claudio Loretto
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Valentina Marconi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences (Silwood Park), Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A Martin
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William H Morgan
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan P Narváez-Gómez
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Conservation Research Institute and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Jose Negret
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elham Nourani
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jose M Ochoa Quintero
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nancy Ockendon
- Endangered Landscapes Programme, The Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Rui Ying Oh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silviu O Petrovan
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana C Piovezan-Borges
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle L Ramos
- Plantem-Plant Technology and Environmental Monitoring Ltd., Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L Reboredo Segovia
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - A Nayelli Rivera-Villanueva
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, México
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Katherine A Sainsbury
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Schuster
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominik Schwab
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Çağan H Şekercioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Hae-Min Seo
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gorm Shackelford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yushin Shinoda
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rebecca K Smith
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shan-Dar Tao
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ming-Shan Tsai
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth H M Tyler
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Flóra Vajna
- Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary
- Department of Ecology, Institute for Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - José Osvaldo Valdebenito
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Svetlana Vozykova
- Faculty of Energy and Ecotechnology (GreenTech), ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Paweł Waryszak
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Durango, México
| | - Rafael D Zenni
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - William J Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- BioRISC, St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Paul LM. Cannons and sparrows II: the enhanced Bernoulli exact method for determining statistical significance and effect size in the meta-analysis of k 2 × 2 tables. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2021; 18:11. [PMID: 34344389 PMCID: PMC8336385 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-021-00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of meta-analysis to aggregate the results of multiple studies has increased dramatically over the last 40 years. For homogeneous meta-analysis, the Mantel–Haenszel technique has typically been utilized. In such meta-analyses, the effect size across the contributing studies of the meta-analysis differs only by statistical error. If homogeneity cannot be assumed or established, the most popular technique developed to date is the inverse-variance DerSimonian and Laird (DL) technique (DerSimonian and Laird, in Control Clin Trials 7(3):177–88, 1986). However, both of these techniques are based on large sample, asymptotic assumptions. At best, they are approximations especially when the number of cases observed in any cell of the corresponding contingency tables is small. Results This research develops an exact, non-parametric test for evaluating statistical significance and a related method for estimating effect size in the meta-analysis of k 2 × 2 tables for any level of heterogeneity as an alternative to the asymptotic techniques. Monte Carlo simulations show that even for large values of heterogeneity, the Enhanced Bernoulli Technique (EBT) is far superior at maintaining the pre-specified level of Type I Error than the DL technique. A fully tested implementation in the R statistical language is freely available from the author. In addition, a second related exact test for estimating the Effect Size was developed and is also freely available. Conclusions This research has developed two exact tests for the meta-analysis of dichotomous, categorical data. The EBT technique was strongly superior to the DL technique in maintaining a pre-specified level of Type I Error even at extremely high levels of heterogeneity. As shown, the DL technique demonstrated many large violations of this level. Given the various biases towards finding statistical significance prevalent in epidemiology today, a strong focus on maintaining a pre-specified level of Type I Error would seem critical. In addition, a related exact method for estimating the Effect Size was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Paul
- Bell Laboratories, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, United States.
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8
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Increasing the reproducibility of research will reduce the problem of apophenia (and more). Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:1120-1134. [PMID: 33963518 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-02006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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9
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Nam SW, Lee KS, Yang JW, Ko Y, Eisenhut M, Lee KH, Shin JI, Kronbichler A. Understanding the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:208-222. [PMID: 32683804 PMCID: PMC8103040 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The publication of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses has increased rapidly, but it has been suggested that many of the statistically significant results are false positive. In addition, most such meta-analyses have been redundant, duplicate, and erroneous, leading to research waste. In addition, since most claimed candidate gene associations were false-positives, correctly interpreting the published results is important. In this review, we emphasize the importance of interpreting the results of genetic epidemiology meta-analyses using Bayesian statistics and gene network analysis, which could be applied in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Wan Nam
- Department of Rheumatology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kwang Seob Lee
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Younhee Ko
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Korea
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Pediatrics, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, UK
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Urine-Based Molecular Diagnostic Tests for Leishmaniasis Infection in Human and Canine Populations: A Meta-Analysis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030269. [PMID: 33673416 PMCID: PMC7996766 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting humans and domesticated animals with high mortality in endemic countries. The pleiotropy of symptoms and the complicated gold-standard methods make the need for non-invasive, highly sensitive diagnostic tests imperative. Individual studies on molecular-based Leishmania diagnosis in urine show high discrepancy; thus, a data-evidenced comparison of various techniques is necessary. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the bivariate method of diagnostic methods to pool sensitivities and specificities. We investigated the impact of DNA-extraction method, PCR type, amplified locus, host species, leishmaniasis form, and geographical region. The pooled sensitivity was 69.2%. Tests performed with the kit-based DNA extraction method and qPCR outweighed in sensitivity the phenol-chloroform-based and PCR methods, while their combination showed a sensitivity of 79.3%. Amplified locus, human or canine as host and cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis revealed similar sensitivities. Tests in European and Middle Eastern countries performed better than tests in other regions (sensitivity 81.7% vs. 43.7%). A combination of kit-based DNA extraction and qPCR could be a safer choice for molecular diagnosis for Leishmania infection in urine samples in European–Middle Eastern countries. For the rest of the world, more studies are needed to better characterize the endemic parasite species.
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Luan H, Wang M, Sokol RL, Wu S, Victor BG, Perron BE. A scoping review of WeChat to facilitate professional healthcare education in Mainland China. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2020; 25:1782594. [PMID: 32573367 PMCID: PMC7482650 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2020.1782594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM WeChat is the most popular social media platform in mainland China, with over 1 billion active users. Although social media is widely used in professional healthcare education in western countries, research on WeChat-based education in healthcare in mainland China is disparate and not systematic. The current study seeks to address this gap. METHOD A scoping review was conducted to systematically describe studies of WeChat use in professional healthcare education. A comprehensive search involving three international databases in English and Chinese literature was conducted in April 2019. Articles were retained in this study if they were original studies that used WeChat as a tool to facilitate healthcare education in mainland China. RESULTS 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and the majority of studies were either experimental or quasi-experimental. WeChat was used in both university settings and hospital settings. Hybrid education-which integrates WeChat education and face-to-face education-was more common in university settings, whereas hospitals used a combination of hybrid and WeChat-only strategies. Significant heterogeneity was observed regarding the type of accounts and methods for delivering content and facilitating online conversations. A majority of studies found positive outcomes with WeChat education. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review addressed a large gap in knowledge about the usage of WeChat in professional healthcare education. Of the existing studies identified, we observed considerable promise for future practice. We provide additional suggestions for conducting future research involving patients and other helping professionals in healthcare education to expand the usage of WeChat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luan
- Department of Social Work, School of Social Development, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Social Work, School of Social Development, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Shiyou Wu
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bryan G. Victor
- School of Social Work, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brian E. Perron
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kapoula GV, Kontou PI, Bagos PG. Diagnostic Performance of Biomarkers Urinary KIM-1 and YKL-40 for Early Diabetic Nephropathy, in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10110909. [PMID: 33171707 PMCID: PMC7695026 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of prediction markers for early diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the performance of two promising biomarkers, urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (uKIM-1) and Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) in the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed by two reviewers until May 2020. For each study, a 2 × 2 contingency table was formulated. Sensitivity, specificity, and other estimates of accuracy were calculated using the bivariate random effects model. The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve hsROC) was used to pool data and evaluate the area under curve (AUC). The sources of heterogeneity were explored by sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed using Deek’s test. The meta-analysis enrolled 14 studies involving 598 healthy individuals, 765 T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria, 549 T2DM patients with microalbuminuria, and 551 T2DM patients with macroalbuminuria, in total for both biomarkers. The AUC of uKIM-1 and YKL-40 for T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria, was 0.85 (95%CI; 0.82–0.88) and 0.91 (95%CI; 0.88–0.93), respectively. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that both uKIM-1 and YKL-40 can be considered as valuable biomarkers for the early detection of DN in T2DM patients with the latter showing slightly better performance than the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia V. Kapoula
- Department of Biochemistry, General Hospital of Lamia, End of Papasiopoulou, 35100 Lamia, Greece;
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2-4, 35100 Lamia, Greece;
| | - Panagiota I. Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2-4, 35100 Lamia, Greece;
- Department of Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Informatics LAB, Hellenic Military Academy, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis G. Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Papasiopoulou 2-4, 35100 Lamia, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2231066914; Fax: +30-2231066915
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Johnson BT, Hennessy EA. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the health sciences: Best practice methods for research syntheses. Soc Sci Med 2019; 233:237-251. [PMID: 31233957 PMCID: PMC8594904 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The journal Social Science & Medicine recently adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA; Moher et al., 2009) as guidelines for authors to use when disseminating their systematic reviews (SRs). APPROACH After providing a brief history of evidence synthesis, this article describes why reporting standards are important, summarizes the sequential steps involved in conducting SRs and meta-analyses, and outlines additional methodological issues that researchers should address when conducting and reporting results from their SRs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Successful SRs result when teams of reviewers with appropriate expertise use the highest scientific rigor in all steps of the SR process. Thus, SRs that lack foresight are unlikely to prove successful. We advocate that SR teams consider potential moderators (M) when defining their research problem, along with Time, Outcomes, Population, Intervention, Context, and Study design (i.e., TOPICS + M). We also show that, because the PRISMA reporting standards only partially overlap dimensions of methodological quality, it is possible for SRs to satisfy PRISMA standards yet still have poor methodological quality. As well, we discuss limitations of such standards and instruments in the face of the assumptions of the SR process, including meta-analysis spanning the other SR steps, which are highly synergistic: Study search and selection, coding of study characteristics and effects, analysis, interpretation, reporting, and finally, re-analysis and criticism. When a SR targets an important question with the best possible SR methods, its results can become a definitive statement that guides future research and policy decisions for years to come.
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Braliou GG, Kontou PI, Boleti H, Bagos PG. Susceptibility to leishmaniasis is affected by host SLC11A1 gene polymorphisms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2329-2342. [PMID: 31230160 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral diseases affecting humans and domesticated animals mostly in the tropical and subtropical areas of the planet. Host genetics have been widely investigated for their role in developing various infectious diseases. The SLC11A1 gene has been reported to play a role in neutrophil function and is associated with susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis or rheumatoid arthritis. In the present meta-analysis, we investigate the genetic association of SLC11A1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to leishmaniasis. Genotypes and other risk-related data were collected from 13 case-control and family-based studies (after literature search). Conventional random-effects meta-analysis was performed using STATA 13. To pool case-control and family-based data, the weighted Stouffer's method was also applied. Eight polymorphisms were investigated: rs2276631, rs3731865, rs3731864, rs17221959, rs201565523, rs2279015, rs17235409, and rs17235416. We found that rs17235409 (D543N) and rs17235416 (1729 + 55del4) are significantly associated with a risk for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), whereas rs17221959, rs2279015, and rs17235409 are associated with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Our results suggest that polymorphisms in SLC11A1 affect susceptibility to CL and VL. These findings open new pathways in understanding macrophage response to Leishmania infection and the genetic factors predisposing to symptomatic CL or VL that can lead to the usage of predictive biomarkers in populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia G Braliou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 2-4, Papasiopoulou str., 35131, Lamia, Greece.
| | - Panagiota I Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 2-4, Papasiopoulou str., 35131, Lamia, Greece
| | - Haralabia Boleti
- Intracellular Parasitism Group, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Ave., 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis G Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 2-4, Papasiopoulou str., 35131, Lamia, Greece.
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15
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Kapoula GV, Kontou PI, Bagos PG. Diagnostic Accuracy of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for Predicting Early Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Appl Lab Med 2019; 4:78-94. [PMID: 31639710 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2018.028530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is a lack of prediction markers for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM/T2DM). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the value of a promising biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), in both serum and urine for the diagnosis of early DN in T1DM and T2DM patients with different stages of albuminuria. METHODS A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed by 2 reviewers until September 2018. Studies in which (a) the degree of DN was determined according to the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and (b) NGAL was measured in healthy individuals and in diabetes patients with DN were included in the meta-analysis. For each study, a 2 × 2 contingency table was formulated. Sensitivity, specificity, and other estimates of accuracy were calculated using a bivariate random effects model. The hierarchical summary ROC method was used to pool data and to evaluate the area under the curve (AUC). The sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Publication bias was assessed using the Deeks test. RESULTS The meta-analysis enrolled 22 studies involving 683 healthy individuals and 3249 patients with diabetes, of which 488 were T1DM and 2761 were T2DM patients. Overall, pooled sensitivity and specificity among the different settings analyzed ranged from 0.42 (95% CI, 0.22-0.66) to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62-0.80) to 0.98 (95% CI, 0.50-1.00) in T2DM patients, respectively. For T1DM patients, the corresponding estimates were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59-0.81) to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.64-0.97) and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62-0.80) to 0.79 (95% CI, 0.67-0.87). The AUC of NGAL for T2DM patients ranged from 0.69 (95% CI, 0.65-0.73) to 1.00 (95% CI, 0.99-1.00) in the different settings. CONCLUSION The results of this meta-analysis suggest that NGAL in both serum and urine can be considered a valuable biomarker for early detection of DN in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia V Kapoula
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Panagiota I Kontou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Pantelis G Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, School of Science, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece.
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16
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Monsarrat P, Vergnes JN. The intriguing evolution of effect sizes in biomedical research over time: smaller but more often statistically significant. Gigascience 2018; 7:1-10. [PMID: 29228281 PMCID: PMC5765564 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In medicine, effect sizes (ESs) allow the effects of independent variables (including risk/protective factors or treatment interventions) on dependent variables (e.g., health outcomes) to be quantified. Given that many public health decisions and health care policies are based on ES estimates, it is important to assess how ESs are used in the biomedical literature and to investigate potential trends in their reporting over time. Results Through a big data approach, the text mining process automatically extracted 814 120 ESs from 13 322 754 PubMed abstracts. Eligible ESs were risk ratio, odds ratio, and hazard ratio, along with their confidence intervals. Here we show a remarkable decrease of ES values in PubMed abstracts between 1990 and 2015 while, concomitantly, results become more often statistically significant. Medians of ES values have decreased over time for both “risk” and “protective” values. This trend was found in nearly all fields of biomedical research, with the most marked downward tendency in genetics. Over the same period, the proportion of statistically significant ESs increased regularly: among the abstracts with at least 1 ES, 74% were statistically significant in 1990–1995, vs 85% in 2010–2015. Conclusions whereas decreasing ESs could be an intrinsic evolution in biomedical research, the concomitant increase of statistically significant results is more intriguing. Although it is likely that growing sample sizes in biomedical research could explain these results, another explanation may lie in the “publish or perish” context of scientific research, with the probability of a growing orientation toward sensationalism in research reports. Important provisions must be made to improve the credibility of biomedical research and limit waste of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Monsarrat
- Paul Sabatier University, Dental Faculty, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Radiology, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 and STROMALab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS ERL 5311, EFS, ENVT, Inserm, UPS, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jean-Noel Vergnes
- Paul Sabatier University, Dental Faculty, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU de Toulouse), 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France and Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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17
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Nowrin SA, Jaafar S, Ab Rahman N, Basri R, Alam MK, Shahid F. Association between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Orthod 2018; 48:395-404. [PMID: 30450332 PMCID: PMC6234115 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2018.48.6.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To date, only a few studies have investigated the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and external apical root resorption (EARR). Hence, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between different gene polymorphisms and their association with EARR. Methods A complete literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers. The PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched. In addition, the bibliographies of all textbooks and relevant articles were searched manually. A meta-analysis was performed using data entered into the electronic databases until February 28, 2017. Results On the basis of the search, we identified 17 and 7 publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) was used to evaluate the association of the interleukin 1B (+3954) polymorphism and the risk of EARR. The overall OR from the studies was used to estimate the risk of EARR. However, no association was found and no publication bias was apparent for the risk of EARR in patients receiving orthodontic treatment. Conclusions More research on the relationship between gene polymorphism and EARR is necessary to determine better specificity of possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifat A Nowrin
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saidi Jaafar
- Craniofacial Biology Research Group, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norma Ab Rahman
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Rehana Basri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fazal Shahid
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Ji C, Liu S, Zhu K, Luo H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Huang S, Chen Q, Cao Y. HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and alopecia areata disease risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11790. [PMID: 30095639 PMCID: PMC6133534 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published studies have reported conflicting and heterogeneous results regarding the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 polymorphisms and alopecia areata (AA). This study aimed to review and quantitatively analyze the association between HLA-DRB1 polymorphisms and AA. METHODS In this study, all relevant publications were searched through December 2016. Odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for comparisons between case and control groups were calculated. Stata 14.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis. This research does not require formal ethical approval because the data used in this analysis do not involve personal information and thus do not affect privacy. RESULTS Twelve articles were identified. For HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*16 polymorphisms, the OR (95% CIs) was 1.49 (1.24-1.78) and 1.61 (1.08-2.41), and P was <.01 and <.01, respectively. For HLA-DRB1*0301, HLA-DRB1*09, and HLA-DRB1*13 polymorphisms, the OR (95% CIs) was 0.42 (0.28-0.63), 0.74 (0.55-0.99), and 0.62 (0.40-0.98), and P was <.01, <.01, and <.01, respectively. Statistical evidence revealed no publication bias (P > .05). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis suggested that HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*16 polymorphisms might be associated with increased AA risk, while HLA-DRB1*0301, HLA-DRB1*09, and HLA-DRB1*13 polymorphisms might decrease the AA risk. Studies with adequate methodological quality on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions are needed to validate the results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghua Ji
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kan Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
| | - Qiushuang Li
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- Center of Clinical Evaluation, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
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19
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Chen Z, Zhan Y, Chi J, Guo S, Zhong X, He A, Zheng J, Gong Y, Li X, Zhou L. Using microRNAs as Novel Predictors of Urologic Cancer Survival: An Integrated Analysis. EBioMedicine 2018; 34:94-107. [PMID: 30037718 PMCID: PMC6116416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are involved in the formation, maintenance, and metastasis of urologic cancer. Here, we aim to gather and evaluate all of the evidence regarding the potential role of miRNAs as novel predictors of urologic cancer survival. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify and score all of the published studies that evaluated the prognostic effects of miRNAs in kidney (KCa), bladder (BCa) or prostate cancer (PCa). Where appropriate, the summary effects of miRNAs on urologic cancer were meta-analysed. The reliability of those results was then further validated by an integrated analysis of the TCGA cohort and miRNA panel. RESULTS Of 151 datasets, 80 miRNAs were enrolled in this systematic review. A meta-analysis of the prognostic qualities of each miRNA identified an objective association between miRNA and prognosis. miR-21 was identified as an unfavourable miRNA with the overall survival (HR:2.699, 1.76-4.14, P < 0.001) across various prognostic events. Our further meta-analyses, integrating a parallel TCGA analysis, confirmed these partial previous results and further revealed different summary effects, such as the moderate effect of miR-21 in BCa. The refined miRNA panel (KCa-6: miR-27b, -942, -497, -144, -141 and -27a) was more capable of predicting the overall survival than was any single miRNAs included in it (HR: 3.214, 1.971-5.240, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS A miRNA panel may be able to determine the prognosis of urologic tumour more effectively and compensate for the unreliability of individual miRNA in estimating prognosis. More large-scale studies are therefore required to evaluate the unbiased prognostic value of miRNAs in urologic cancer effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jieshan Chi
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xinliang Zhong
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Anbang He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jianrong Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, The Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Centre, Beijing 100034, China.
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20
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Li C, Yu X, Guo D, Liu G, Zhang K, Teng Q, Lin H. Association between common polymorphisms in ERCC gene and prognosis of osteosarcoma in patients treated with chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:3495-3504. [PMID: 29950854 PMCID: PMC6011878 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s158167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Some previous studies have sought to investigate the roles of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2, ERCC4, and ERCC5 gene polymorphisms in the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. However, their results were inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the strength of the association between eight polymorphisms in the ERCC genes (rs11615, rs3212986, rs2298881, rs13181, rs1799793, rs1800067, rs2296147, and rs1047768) and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients treated with chemotherapy. Materials and methods We retrieved the relevant studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in human osteosarcoma published prior to July 2017. Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and event-free survival, expressed by hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% CIs. STATA software (version 12.0) was utilized to perform data synthesis. Results A total of 13 eligible follow-up studies involving 2,303 patients met all the inclusion criteria, conducted in two populations of ethnic descent: 11 Asians and two Caucasians. In the present meta-analysis, we demonstrated that the homozygous variant genotypes in ERCC2 rs1799793 and ERCC5 rs2296147 were significantly associated with OS in osteosarcoma (TT vs GG for rs1799793: HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41-0.93, Pheterogeneity = 0.310, I2 = 15.3%, P = 0.020; TT vs CC for rs2296147: HR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23-0.78, Pheterogeneity = 0.708, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.006). In addition, no evidence of association was observed between prognosis in osteosarcoma and ERCC1 rs11615, ERCC1 rs3212986, ERCC1 rs2298881, ERCC2 rs13181, ERCC4 rs1800067, and ERCC5 rs1047768 polymorphisms. Conclusion Our meta-analysis indicated that TT genotype in the ERCC2 rs1799793 and ERCC5 rs2296147 might prolong the survival time of patients with osteosarcoma, suggesting that the rs1799793 and rs2296147 polymorphisms can be used as predictors for prognosis of osteosarcoma patients treated with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Dongmei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kaigang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qingliang Teng
- Department of Hematology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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21
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Riva N, Puljak L, Moja L, Ageno W, Schünemann H, Magrini N, Squizzato A. Multiple overlapping systematic reviews facilitate the origin of disputes: the case of thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 97:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Gao Y, Gao F, Hu TT, Li G, Sui YX. Combined effects of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on risk of lung cancer: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28135-28143. [PMID: 28427236 PMCID: PMC5438637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an association between the glutathione S-transferase M1 null and T1 null polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. However, the combined effects of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null polymorphisms have not been reported previously. We, therefore, performed a meta-analysis to investigate the combined effects. 40 publications with 44 case–control studies were selected in the meta-analysis, including 13,706 cases and 13,093 controls. Significant association was observed between the combined effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk when all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. When we performed subgroup analysis, significantly increased lung cancer risk was observed in Caucasians (− − vs. + +: OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.41), Asians (− − vs.− +: OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.41; recessive model: OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.77; dominant model: OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24 to 1.90), Indians (− − vs. + +: OR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.61 to 3.98; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.67; dominant model: OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.28), hospital-based studies, and population-based studies. In summary, this meta-analysis indicates that the combined effects of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms are associated with increased lung cancer risk in Asians, Caucasians, and Indians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Medical, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Gang Li
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Xia Sui
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an, Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- David Donoho
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Standford, CA
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24
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Dimou NL, Pantavou KG, Bagos PG. Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Left Ventricular Failure in Beta-Thalassemia: A Multivariate Meta-Analysis. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 81:213-223. [DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki L. Dimou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics; University of Thessaly; Papasiopoulou 2-4 Lamia 35100 Greece
| | - Katerina G. Pantavou
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics; University of Thessaly; Papasiopoulou 2-4 Lamia 35100 Greece
| | - Pantelis G. Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics; University of Thessaly; Papasiopoulou 2-4 Lamia 35100 Greece
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25
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Qian T, Zhang B, Qian C, He Y, Li Y. Association between common polymorphisms in ERCC gene and glioma risk: A meta-analysis of 15 studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6832. [PMID: 28514298 PMCID: PMC5440135 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of studies have investigated the roles of excision repair cross complementation group 1 (ERCC1), ERCC2, and ERCC5 genes polymorphisms in the development of glioma; however, the results were inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between 6 polymorphisms in the ERCC genes (rs3212986, rs11615, rs13181, rs1799793, rs238406, rs17655) and glioma risk. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, and Web of science were searched up to September 6, 2016, for studies on the association between ERCC polymorphisms and glioma risk. A fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios based on the results from the heterogeneity tests. Sensitivity and cumulative meta-analyses were also performed. RESULTS A total of 15 studies were eligible for the pooled analysis, conducted in 2 populations of ethnic descent: 8 Europeans and 7 Asians. The results showed that ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism was positively associated with glioma [AA vs CC: odds ratio (OR) = 1.298, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.043-1.230, P = .025]. Association of the ERCC2 rs13181 and rs1799793 polymorphisms was only observed in Asians (CC vs AA for rs13181: OR = 1.539, 95% CI = 1.122-2.109, P = .007; AA vs GG for rs1799793: OR = 1.474, 95% CI = 1.090-1.994, P = .012). However, no association was observed between glioma risk and ERCC1 rs11615, ERCC2 rs238406, and ERCC5 rs17655 polymorphisms. Moreover, sensitivity and cumulative meta-analyses confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis indicated that the ERCC1 rs3212986 polymorphism and 2 polymorphisms in ERCC2 gene (rs13181 and rs1799793) contributed to the susceptibility of glioma.
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Huang R, Tian S, Cai R, Sun J, Xia W, Dong X, Shen Y, Wang S. Saitohin Q7R polymorphism is associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility among caucasian populations: a meta-analysis. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1448-1456. [PMID: 28211174 PMCID: PMC5542912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Saitohin (STH) Q7R polymorphism has been reported to influence the individual's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to explore the association between STH Q7R polymorphism and AD risk. Systematic literature searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies published before 31 August 2016. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association using a fixed- or random-effects model. Subgroup analyses, Galbraith plot and sensitivity analyses were also performed. All statistical analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0. A total of 19 case-control studies from 17 publications with 4387 cases and 3972 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that the Q7R polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD in a recessive model (RR versus QQ+QR, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01-1.60, P = 0.040). After excluding the four studies not carried out in caucasians, the overall association was unchanged in all comparison models. Further subgroup analyses stratified by the time of AD onset, and the quality of included studies provided statistical evidence of significant increased risk of AD in RR versus QQ+QR model only in late-onset subjects (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07-2.26, P = 0.021) and in studies with high quality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01-1.86, P = 0.043). This meta-analysis suggests that the RR genotype in saitohin Q7R polymorphism may be a human-specific risk factor for AD, especially among late-onset AD subjects and caucasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sai Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Abstract
While it is recognized that language can pose a barrier to the transfer of scientific knowledge, the convergence on English as the global language of science may suggest that this problem has been resolved. However, our survey searching Google Scholar in 16 languages revealed that 35.6% of 75,513 scientific documents on biodiversity conservation published in 2014 were not in English. Ignoring such non-English knowledge can cause biases in our understanding of study systems. Furthermore, as publication in English has become prevalent, scientific knowledge is often unavailable in local languages. This hinders its use by field practitioners and policy makers for local environmental issues; 54% of protected area directors in Spain identified languages as a barrier. We urge scientific communities to make a more concerted effort to tackle this problem and propose potential approaches both for compiling non-English scientific knowledge effectively and for enhancing the multilingualization of new and existing knowledge available only in English for the users of such knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Amano
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Juan P. González-Varo
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Sutherland
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Lalu MM, Sullivan KJ, Mei SH, Moher D, Straus A, Fergusson DA, Stewart DJ, Jazi M, MacLeod M, Winston B, Marshall J, Hutton B, Walley KR, McIntyre L. Evaluating mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis with preclinical meta-analyses prior to initiating a first-in-human trial. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27870924 PMCID: PMC5153252 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of preclinical evidence prior to initiating early-phase clinical studies has typically been performed by selecting individual studies in a non-systematic process that may introduce bias. Thus, in preparation for a first-in-human trial of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for septic shock, we applied systematic review methodology to evaluate all published preclinical evidence. We identified 20 controlled comparison experiments (980 animals from 18 publications) of in vivo sepsis models. Meta-analysis demonstrated that MSC treatment of preclinical sepsis significantly reduced mortality over a range of experimental conditions (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.40, latest timepoint reported for each study). Risk of bias was unclear as few studies described elements such as randomization and no studies included an appropriately calculated sample size. Moreover, the presence of publication bias resulted in a ~30% overestimate of effect and threats to validity limit the strength of our conclusions. This novel prospective application of systematic review methodology serves as a template to evaluate preclinical evidence prior to initiating first-in-human clinical studies. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17850.001 Most attempts to transform exciting findings from laboratories into clinical treatments are unsuccessful. One reason for this may be the failure to consider all of the laboratory work that has been performed before deciding to test a treatment on patients for the first time. In particular, negative findings (that suggest that a potential new treatment is ineffective) may be overlooked. Stem cells may help to treat life-threatening infections, but this has not been tested in human patients. However, the effectiveness of stem cell treatments has been tested in animals that act as models of human infection. Before deciding to begin a clinical trial of stem cell therapy for life-threatening infections, Lalu et al. performed an exhaustive search to find all the studies in which stem cells were used to treat animal models of infection. Combining the results of all of these studies using particular analysis techniques revealed that stem cell therapy increased the survival of these animals overall. These positive effects were seen over a range of different experimental conditions (for example, when treating the animals with different doses of stem cells, or giving the doses at different times). Lalu et al. also identified some limitations with most of the laboratory studies that had tested stem cell therapy for infections. Many of the studies used animal models that may not be the best representations of humans with severe infection. In addition, many of the scientists did not report that they had used methods (such as randomization) that would generate the most confidence in their results. Despite these limitations, there was a lot of consistency in the reported results. Overall, the results support the decision to proceed to a clinical trial that tests the effectiveness of stem cells for treating human infections. More generally, Lalu et al.’s analysis demonstrates a way of considering all laboratory evidence before deciding to proceed to a first clinical trial in humans. This may help researchers to identify promising therapies to further develop, and also to identify potential failures before they are tested in patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17850.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj M Lalu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Katrina J Sullivan
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shirley Hj Mei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Moher
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexander Straus
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Dean A Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- Regenerative Medicine Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mazen Jazi
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Malcolm MacLeod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Winston
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Marshall
- Departments of Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Centre of the Li KaShing Knowledge Institute, St. Michaels Hospital, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Keith R Walley
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1*15 and DRB1*15:01 Polymorphisms with Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Patients with Aplastic Anemia: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162382. [PMID: 27611583 PMCID: PMC5017877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review and quantitatively analyze (1) the association of aplastic anemia (AA) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms and (2) the association of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms with response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in AA. Published studies have reported conflicting and heterogeneous results regarding the association of HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms with response to IST in AA. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese BioMedical Literature, Wangfang and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index databases were searched. All relevant publications were searched through December 2015. Odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the comparison between case–control or cohort studies were evaluated. Finally, 24 articles were identified. For HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01, the OR (95% CI) was 2.24(1.33–3.77), P < 0.01 and 2.50(1.73–3.62), P < 0.01, respectively; and the overall pooled RR was 1.72 (1.30–2.29), P < 0.01 and 1.59 (1.29–1.96), P < 0.01, respectively. Statistical evidence showed no publication bias (P > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the results were statistically robust. The meta-analysis suggested that HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 polymorphisms might be associated with increased AA risk in Asians. IST might be more effective in HLA-DRB1*15+ and HLA-DRB1*15:01+ Asian patients with AA than in HLA-DRB1*15− and HLA-DRB1*15:01− Asian patients with AA. Future studies with adequate methodological quality on gene–gene and gene–environment interactions and gene treatment may yield valid results.
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Abstract
Background The published clinical research literature may be distorted by the pursuit of statistically significant results. Purpose We aimed to develop a test to explore biases stemming from the pursuit of nominal statistical significance. Methods The exploratory test evaluates whether there is a relative excess of formally significant findings in the published literature due to any reason (e.g., publication bias, selective analyses and outcome reporting, or fabricated data). The number of expected studies with statistically significant results is estimated and compared against the number of observed significant studies. The main application uses α = 0.05, but a range of α thresholds is also examined. Different values or prior distributions of the effect size are assumed. Given the typically low power (few studies per research question), the test may be best applied across domains of many meta-analyses that share common characteristics (interventions, outcomes, study populations, research environment). Results We evaluated illustratively eight meta-analyses of clinical trials with >50 studies each and 10 meta-analyses of clinical efficacy for neuroleptic agents in schizophrenia; the 10 meta-analyses were also examined as a composite domain. Different results were obtained against commonly used tests of publication bias. We demonstrated a clear or possible excess of significant studies in 6 of 8 large meta-analyses and in the wide domain of neuroleptic treatments. Limitations The proposed test is exploratory, may depend on prior assumptions, and should be applied cautiously. Conclusions An excess of significant findings may be documented in some clinical research fields. Clinical Trials 2007; 4: 245—253; http://ctj.sagepub.com
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Affiliation(s)
- John P A Ioannidis
- Clinical Trials and Evidence Based Medicine Unit and Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
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Serghiou S, Kyriakopoulou A, Ioannidis JPA. Long noncoding RNAs as novel predictors of survival in human cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 27352941 PMCID: PMC4924330 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of various long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may affect cancer prognosis. Here, we aim to gather and examine all evidence on the potential role of lncRNAs as novel predictors of survival in human cancer. Methods We systematically searched through PubMed, to identify all published studies reporting on the association between any individual lncRNA or group of lncRNAs with prognosis in human cancer (death or other clinical outcomes). Where appropriate, we then performed quantitative synthesis of those results using meta-analytic methods to identify the true effect size of lncRNAs on cancer prognosis. The reliability of those results was then examined using measures of heterogeneity and testing for selective reporting biases. Results Three hundred ninety-two studies were screened to eventually identify 111 eligible studies on 127 datasets. In total, these represented 16,754 independent participants pertaining to 53 individual and 6 grouped lncRNAs within a total of 19 cancer sites. Overall, 83 % of the studies we identified addressed overall survival and 32 % of the studies addressed recurrence-free survival. For overall survival, 96 % (88/92) of studies identified a statistically significant association of lncRNA expression to prognosis. Meta-analysis of 6 out of 7 lncRNAs for which three or more studies were available, identified statistically significant associations with overall survival. The lncRNA HOTAIR was by far the most broadly studied lncRNA (n = 29; of 111 studies) and featured a summary hazard ratio (HR) of 2.22 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.86–2.65) with modest heterogeneity (I2 = 49 %; 95 % CI, 14–79 %). Prominent excess significance was demonstrated across all meta-analyses (p-value = 0.0003), raising the possibility of substantial selective reporting biases. Conclusions Multiple lncRNAs have been shown to be strongly associated with prognosis in diverse cancers, but substantial bias cannot be excluded in this field and larger studies are needed to understand whether these prognostic information may eventually be useful. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0535-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Serghiou
- St. John's Hospital, Livingston, EH54 6PP, UK.,College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - John P A Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, 1265 Welch Rd, MSOB X306, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Chen L, Xu J, Bao J, Huang X, Hu X, Xia Y, Wang J. Diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e008413. [PMID: 26733564 PMCID: PMC4716219 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules. DESIGN A meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Medical and scientific literature databases were searched for original articles published up to August 2015. Studies were selected if they (1) included diagnostic DWI for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid lesions, (2) included patients who later underwent biopsy and (3) presented sufficient data to enable the construction of contingency tables. DATA SYNTHESIS For each study, the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative and false-negative values were extracted or derived, and 2×2 contingency tables were constructed. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) instrument. The heterogeneity test, threshold effect test, subgroup analyses and publication bias analyses were performed. RESULTS From the 113 identified search results, 15 studies, representing a total of 765 lesions, were included in the meta-analysis. We detected heterogeneity between studies but found no evidence of publication bias. The methodological quality was moderate. The pooled weighted sensitivity was 0.90 (95% CI 0.85 to 0.93); the specificity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.98); the positive likelihood ratio was 16.49 (95% CI 7.37 to 36.86); the negative likelihood ratio was 0.11 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.16); and the diagnostic OR was 150.73 (95% CI 64.96 to 349.75). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative DWI may be a non-invasive, non-radiative and accurate method of distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules. Nevertheless, large-scale trials are necessary to assess its clinical value and to establish standards regarding b values and cut-off values for DWI-based diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Radiology, Taihu Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Taihu Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Bao
- Molecular Biology Lab, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuequan Huang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofei Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunbao Xia
- Department of Radiology, Taihu Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang H, Sun ZQ, Liu SS, Yang LN. Association between GRK4 and DRD1 gene polymorphisms and hypertension: a meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 11:17-27. [PMID: 26730182 PMCID: PMC4694673 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s94510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of GRK4 and DRD1 genes in hypertension remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether GRK4 and DRD1 polymorphisms influence the risk of hypertension and examined the relationship between the genetic variances and the etiology of hypertension. Relevant case-control studies were retrieved by database searches and selected according to established inclusion criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the associations. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed. A total of 15 articles containing 29 studies were finally included. In the dominant model, rs4532 locus of DRD1 gene was related to hypertension with a pooled OR of 1.353 (95% CI =1.016-1.802, P=0.038). Subgroup analysis for ethnicity showed that rs1024323 locus of GRK4 gene was associated with hypertension in Caucasians (OR =1.826, 95% CI =1.215-2.745, P=0.004) but not in East Asians and Africans. Rs4532 locus was associated with hypertension in East Asians (OR =1.833, 95% CI =1.415-2.376, P,0.001) but not in Caucasians. These data provide possible references for future case-control studies in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-qing Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-shuang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-na Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Ioannidis JPA. Exposure-wide epidemiology: revisiting Bradford Hill. Stat Med 2015; 35:1749-62. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. A. Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA U.S.A
- Department of Health Research and Policy; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA U.S.A
- Department of Statistics; Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences; Stanford CA U.S.A
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS); Stanford CA U.S.A
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Seroprevalence of Enterovirus 71 Antibody Among Children in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015; 34:1399-406. [PMID: 26368058 PMCID: PMC4718881 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease mostly affects children and carries a substantial disease burden in the Western Pacific region. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the most virulent causative agent, and a monovalent vaccine against EV71 will soon become commercially available in China. An improved understanding of EV71 epidemiology would aid policy decisions regarding childhood immunization in China. We aimed to assess and summarize information to date from individual seroepidemiologic studies of EV71 in mainland China to determine patterns of the age-specific risk of infection. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of children aged 0-15 years, published in English or Chinese, was conducted. Estimates of seroprevalence were summarized by age group. A mixed-effects regression model was used to explore factors covarying with EV71 seroprevalence. RESULTS We identified 42 published studies, 15 in English. We found that an average of 78% of neonates was seropositive to EV71 infection, but such maternally conferred immunity almost completely waned by 5 months. The seroprevalence of EV71 antibody increased directly with age among preschool children, from 26% (95% confidence interval: 18%-33%) at 1 year to 70% (95% confidence interval: 62%-78%) at 5 years. Age of subjects, sample size, sampling year, sampling method, geographic latitude and publication language were associated with variations of individual seroprevalence estimates. CONCLUSIONS Seroprevalence of EV71 antibody gradually declined during the first 5 months in infants. Infection of EV71 was most likely to occur between 2 and 4 years. Our findings may be useful in informing population-based EV71 vaccination strategies.
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Wu Z, Qin W, Zeng J, Huang C, Lu Y, Li S. Association Between IL-4 Polymorphisms and Risk of Liver Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1435. [PMID: 26334904 PMCID: PMC4616498 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) polymorphisms have been reported to influence an individual's susceptibility to liver disease as it is a central anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokine; however, these results remain controversial.A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relevant literature was thus performed to better estimate the relationship between IL-4 polymorphisms and liver disease.Systematic searches of various databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for studies published before July 5, 2015 were performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated in fixed or random-effects models were used to estimate the strength of the association. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, Galbraith plots, and sensitivity analyses were also performed.A total of 16 case-control studies, of which 15 involved the -590C/T polymorphism and 3 involved the -33T/C polymorphism, were included in the study. With respect to the -590C/T polymorphism, a significantly increased risk of liver diseases was found in the overall population (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06-1.49, P = 0.009 and CT vs CC: OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.00-1.48, P = 0.048) and the Asian population (TT + CT vs CC: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.04-1.57, P = 0.020). Further subgroup analyses also showed significant associations between the -590C > T polymorphism and the risk of hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no association was found between the -33T/C polymorphism and risk of liver diseases in all comparison models.This meta-analysis suggested that the IL-4 -590C > T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of hepatitis C infection and hepatocellular carcinoma, especially among the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Wu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang, Guangxi, China (ZW, WQ); Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou City People's Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China (JZ); and Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (CH, YL, SL)
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Ye H, Zhou A, Hong Q, Tang L, Xu X, Xin Y, Jiang D, Dai D, Li Y, Wang DW, Duan S. Positive Association between APOA5 rs662799 Polymorphism and Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135683. [PMID: 26309253 PMCID: PMC4550406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) is associated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study explored the association between CHD and the APOA5 rs662799 polymorphism. Methods We collected 1,521 samples (783 CHD patients and 738 controls) for this case-control study. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager Software and Stata Software. Results Significant differences were observed between CHD cases and controls at the level of both genotype (χ2 = 8.964, df = 2, P = 0.011) and allele (χ2 = 9.180, df = 1, P = 0.002, OR = 1.275, 95% CI = 1.089–1.492). A breakdown analysis by gender showed a significant association of APOA5 rs662799 with CHD in males (χ2 = 7.770, df = 1, P = 0.005; OR = 1.331, 95% CI = 1.088–1.628). An additional meta-analysis using 21378 cases and 28428 controls established that rs662799 is significantly associated with CHD (P < 0.00001). Conclusion Both our case-control study and meta-analysis confirm a significant association between APOA5 rs662799 and CHD. In addition, our results suggest a male-specific association between the APOA5 rs662799 polymorphism and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadan Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Annan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangxiao Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linlin Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfei Xin
- Center of Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danjie Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yirun Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (SWD); (DWW)
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (SWD); (DWW)
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Association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase c.677C>T polymorphism and bone mineral density: an updated meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 291:169-80. [PMID: 26231982 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported an association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) c.677C>T polymorphism and reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but results have been inconsistent. We, therefore, performed a meta-analysis to further explore this association. Twenty-one studies, comprising 33,045 subjects, analyzed the association of MTHFR c.677C>T with femoral neck BMD. Significant association with reduced BMD was observed in Caucasians (recessive model: WMD = -0.004 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.008 to -0.006), post-menopausal women (recessive model: WMD = -0.005 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.007 to -0.003), men (dominant model: WMD = -0.004 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.005 to -0.004; recessive model: WMD = -0.004 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.005 to -0.004; TT vs. CC: WMD = -0.006 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.006 to -0.006; CT vs. CC: WMD = -0.003 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.003 to -0.003), and cohort studies (recessive model: WMD = -0.003 g/cm(2), 95 % CI -0.006 to -0.001). Twenty-two studies, which included 32,271 subjects, analyzed the MTHFR c.677C>T association with lumbar spine BMD. Significant association with reduced BMD was observed in Caucasians, women, post-menopausal women, men, and cohort studies. Seven studies, comprising 6806 subjects, analyzed the MTHFR c.677C>T association with total hip BMD, but no significant association was observed in any population. Nine studies involving 5591 subjects analyzed the association with total body BMD. Significant association with reduced BMD was observed in overall and women subgroup analyses. In summary, this meta-analysis indicates that the MTHFR c.677C>T polymorphism is associated with reduced BMD in lumbar spine and femoral neck in Caucasians, post-menopausal women, and men, and with total body BMD in women. In addition, our results suggest that new studies examining the association between MTHFR c.677C>T polymorphism and BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck in Asians is warranted, because I (2) > 75.0 % was observed.
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Park B, Shin A, Kim KZ, Lee YS, Hwang JA, Kim Y, Sung J, Yoo KY, Lee ES. Lack of effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma genetic polymorphisms on breast cancer risk: a case-control study and pooled analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9093-9. [PMID: 25422184 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) gene may harbor targets for the chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, it is unclear whether polymorphisms in the PPARγ gene are associated with the susceptibility of breast cancer. We performed a candidate gene association study between PPARγ polymorphisms and breast cancer and a meta-analysis on the association of breast cancer with selected PPARγ variants. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PPARγ gene were analyzed among 456 breast cancer patients and 461 controls from the National Cancer Center in Korea. Association between the polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were assessed using the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend and a multivariate logistic regression model. Two SNPs, rs3856806 and rs1801282, had been previously analyzed, thus enabling us to perform pooled analyses on their associations with breast cancer susceptibility. Our findings from the candidate gene association study showed no association between the PPARγ gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. A meta-analysis combining existing studies and our current study also refuted an association of the PPARγ gene with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that the PPARγ gene may not harbor variants that alter breast cancer susceptibility, although a moderate sample size might have precluded a decisive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea E-mail :
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Three ADIPOR1 Polymorphisms and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127253. [PMID: 26047008 PMCID: PMC4457489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have come to conflicting conclusions about whether polymorphisms in the adiponectin receptor 1 gene (ADIPOR1) are associated with cancer risk. To help resolve this question, we meta-analyzed case-control studies in the literature. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the Chinese Biological Medical Database and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database were systematically searched to identify all case-control studies published through February 2015 examining any ADIPOR1 polymorphisms and risk of any type of cancer. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results A total of 13 case-control studies involving 5,750 cases and 6,762 controls were analyzed. Analysis of the entire study population revealed a significant association between rs1342387(G/A) and overall cancer risk using a homozygous model (OR 0.82, 95%CI 0.72 to 0.94), heterozygous model (OR 0.84, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.93), dominant model (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75 to 0.97) and allele contrast model (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.80 to 0.97). However, subgroup analysis showed that this association was significant only for Asians in the case of colorectal cancer. No significant associations were found between rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G) and cancer risk, either in analyses of the entire study population or in analyses of subgroups. Conclusions Our meta-analysis suggests that the ADIPOR1 rs1342387(G/A) polymorphism, but not rs12733285(C/T) or rs7539542(C/G), may be associated with cancer risk, especially risk of colorectal cancer in Asians. Large, well-designed studies are needed to verify our findings.
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Properly assessing CD133 as a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after resection. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4937-8. [PMID: 26025114 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Nikolopoulos GK, Bagos PG, Tsangaris I, Tsiara CG, Kopterides P, Vaiopoulos A, Kapsimali V, Bonovas S, Tsantes AE. The association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels, PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, and myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2015; 52:937-50. [PMID: 24695040 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) are increased in individuals carrying the 4G allele at position -675 of the PAI-1 gene. In turn, overexpression of PAI-1 has been found to affect both atheroma and thrombosis. However, the association between PAI-1 levels and the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is complicated by the potentially confounding effects of well-known cardiovascular risk factors. The current study tried to investigate in parallel the association of PAI-1 activity with the PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism, with MI, and some components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Using meta-analytical Mendelian randomization approaches, genotype-disease and genotype-phenotype associations were modeled simultaneously. RESULTS According to an additive model of inheritance and the Mendelian randomization approach, the MI-related odd ratio for individuals carrying the 4G allele was 1.088 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007, 1.175. Moreover, the 4G carriers had, on average, higher PAI-1 activity than 5G carriers by 1.136 units (95% CI 0.738, 1.533). The meta-regression analyses showed that the levels of triglycerides (p=0.005), cholesterol (p=0.037) and PAI-1 (p=0.021) in controls were associated with the MI risk conferred by the 4G carriers. CONCLUSIONS The Mendelian randomization meta-analysis confirmed previous knowledge that the PAI-1 4G allele slightly increases the risk for MI. In addition, it supports the notion that PAI-1 activity and established cardiovascular determinants, such as cholesterol and triglyceride levels, could lie in the etiological pathway from PAI-1 4G allele to the occurrence of MI. Further research is warranted to elucidate these interactions.
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de Winter JC, Dodou D. A surge of p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 in recent decades (but negative results are increasing rapidly too). PeerJ 2015; 3:e733. [PMID: 25650272 PMCID: PMC4312079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that statistically significant (positive) results are more likely to be published than non-significant (negative) results. However, it has been unclear whether any increasing prevalence of positive results is stronger in the "softer" disciplines (social sciences) than in the "harder" disciplines (physical sciences), and whether the prevalence of negative results is decreasing over time. Using Scopus, we searched the abstracts of papers published between 1990 and 2013, and measured longitudinal trends of multiple expressions of positive versus negative results, including p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 versus p-values between 0.051 and 0.059, textual reporting of "significant difference" versus "no significant difference," and the reporting of p < 0.05 versus p > 0.05. We found no support for a "hierarchy of sciences" with physical sciences at the top and social sciences at the bottom. However, we found large differences in reporting practices between disciplines, with p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 over 1990-2013 being 65.7 times more prevalent in the biological sciences than in the physical sciences. The p-values near the significance threshold of 0.05 on either side have both increased but with those p-values between 0.041 and 0.049 having increased to a greater extent (2013-to-1990 ratio of the percentage of papers = 10.3) than those between 0.051 and 0.059 (ratio = 3.6). Contradictorily, p < 0.05 has increased more slowly than p > 0.05 (ratios = 1.4 and 4.8, respectively), while the use of "significant difference" has shown only a modest increase compared to "no significant difference" (ratios = 1.5 and 1.1, respectively). We also compared reporting of significance in the United States, Asia, and Europe and found that the results are too inconsistent to draw conclusions on cross-cultural differences in significance reporting. We argue that the observed longitudinal trends are caused by negative factors, such as an increase of questionable research practices, but also by positive factors, such as an increase of quantitative research and structured reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Cf de Winter
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Dodou
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
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Ware JJ, Munafò MR. Significance chasing in research practice: causes, consequences and possible solutions. Addiction 2015; 110:4-8. [PMID: 25040652 PMCID: PMC4962906 DOI: 10.1111/add.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The low reproducibility of findings within the scientific literature is a growing concern. This may be due to many findings being false positives which, in turn, can misdirect research effort and waste money. METHODS We review factors that may contribute to poor study reproducibility and an excess of 'significant' findings within the published literature. Specifically, we consider the influence of current incentive structures and the impact of these on research practices. RESULTS The prevalence of false positives within the literature may be attributable to a number of questionable research practices, ranging from the relatively innocent and minor (e.g. unplanned post-hoc tests) to the calculated and serious (e.g. fabrication of data). These practices may be driven by current incentive structures (e.g. pressure to publish), alongside the preferential emphasis placed by journals on novelty over veracity. There are a number of potential solutions to poor reproducibility, such as new publishing formats that emphasize the research question and study design, rather than the results obtained. This has the potential to minimize significance chasing and non-publication of null findings. CONCLUSIONS Significance chasing, questionable research practices and poor study reproducibility are the unfortunate consequence of a 'publish or perish' culture and a preference among journals for novel findings. It is likely that top-down change implemented by those with the ability to modify current incentive structure (e.g. funders and journals) will be required to address problems of poor reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Ware
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of
Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol,
UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of
Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Bristol,
Bristol, UK
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Park HW. Interpretation of negative results in genetic epidemiology. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2015.3.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hartley LC, Girling AJ, Bowater RJ, Lilford RJ. A multistudy analysis investigating systematic differences in cardiovascular trial results between Europe and Asia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 69:397-404. [PMID: 25480408 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether there are differences in the results of cardiovascular trials between Europe and Asia using data from an extensive collection of randomised controlled trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING All meta-analyses containing randomised controlled trials (RCT's) for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases were searched for in The Cochrane Library (2000-2008) and MEDLINE (2005-2008). Analysis was then conducted within and over each meta-analysis which satisfied given criteria. Separate estimates of treatment effect were calculated for Europe and Asia in each meta-analysis and then compared. Estimates of a common inter-continental difference over all meta-analyses were also calculated and meta-regression was performed. This was performed for both fatal and non-fatal end points. RESULTS The literature search identified 59 meta-analyses that satisfied the inclusion criteria. After exclusion, the number of meta-analyses reporting greater effect sizes in Asia than in Europe was significantly more than would be expected by chance (fatal 12/14, p=0.013; non-fatal 23/32, p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS This study provides some evidence that for cardiovascular interventions treatment effect estimation differs between Europe and Asia, with respect to both fatal and non-fatal end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Hartley
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alan J Girling
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Russell J Bowater
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas, Santiago de Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Richard J Lilford
- School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Trinquart L, Ioannidis JPA, Chatellier G, Ravaud P. A test for reporting bias in trial networks: simulation and case studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:112. [PMID: 25262204 PMCID: PMC4193287 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Networks of trials assessing several treatment options available for the same condition are increasingly considered. Randomized trial evidence may be missing because of reporting bias. We propose a test for reporting bias in trial networks. METHODS We test whether there is an excess of trials with statistically significant results across a network of trials. The observed number of trials with nominally statistically significant p-values across the network is compared with the expected number. The performance of the test (type I error rate and power) was assessed using simulation studies under different scenarios of selective reporting bias. Examples are provided for networks of antidepressant and antipsychotic trials, where reporting biases have been previously demonstrated by comparing published to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data. RESULTS In simulations, the test maintained the type I error rate and was moderately powerful after adjustment for type I error rate, except when the between-trial variance was substantial. In all, a positive test result increased moderately or markedly the probability of reporting bias being present, while a negative test result was not very informative. In the two examples, the test gave a signal for an excess of statistically significant results in the network of published data but not in the network of FDA data. CONCLUSION The test could be useful to document an excess of significant findings in trial networks, providing a signal for potential publication bias or other selective analysis and outcome reporting biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Trinquart
- />INSERM U1153, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
- />Centre Cochrane Français, Paris, France
- />Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
| | - John PA Ioannidis
- />Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- />Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, CA USA
- />Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Gilles Chatellier
- />Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- />INSERM CIE 4, Paris, France
- />Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ravaud
- />INSERM U1153, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
- />Centre Cochrane Français, Paris, France
- />Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
- />Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- />Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Centre d’Epidémiologie Clinique, Paris, France
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Peruzzi M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G. Of genes and men: making the best out of meta-analyses and ApoB gene polymorphisms for those with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2014; 15:727-9. [PMID: 25083582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Peruzzi
- aDepartment of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina bDepartment of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Ding C, Ji X, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhong L. TNF-α gene promoter polymorphisms contribute to periodontitis susceptibility: evidence from 46 studies. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:748-59. [PMID: 24905365 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. TNF-α gene polymorphisms can influence the TNF-α production. Many studies have focused the association between TNF-α gene promoter polymorphisms and periodontitis risk, but these results are still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of TNF-α -308G/A (rs1800629), -238G/A (rs361525) and -863C/A (rs1800630) polymorphisms on either chronic (CP) or aggressive periodontitis (AgP) risk. Odds ratios (ORs) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association. Forty-six studies involving 5186 cases and 6683 controls were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS The TNF-α -308G/A AA genotype was associated with increased CP risk in Asians, non-smoking Asians and Caucasians, and this polymorphism was significantly associated with elevated risk of AgP in Asians and Caucasians. Asian individuals carrying AA genotype had a significantly increased risk for -863C/A. No significant association was identified between TNF -238G/A polymorphism and CP. CONCLUSIONS These findings supported that TNF-α -308G/A and -863C/A polymorphisms may contribute to the susceptibility of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ding
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Vankov I, Bowers J, Munafò MR. On the persistence of low power in psychological science. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2014; 67:1037-40. [PMID: 24528377 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.885986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vankov
- a School of Experimental Psychology , University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
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