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Magrassi L, Pinton G, Luzzi S, Comincini S, Scravaglieri A, Gigliotti V, Bernardoni BL, D’Agostino I, Juretich F, La Motta C, Garavaglia S. A New Vista of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3): New Specific Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes Targeting ALDH1A3 Dependent Pathways in Glioblastoma, Mesothelioma and Other Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2397. [PMID: 39001459 PMCID: PMC11240489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases of the subfamily 1A (ALDH1A) are enzymes necessary for the oxidation of all-trans or 9-cis retinal to retinoic acid (RA). Retinoic acid and its derivatives are important for normal development and maintenance of epithelia, reproduction, memory, and immune function in adults. Moreover, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that ALDH1A members are also expressed and functional in several human cancers where their role is not limited to the synthesis of RA. Here, we review the current knowledge about ALDH1A3, one of the 1A isoforms, in cancers with an emphasis on two of the deadliest tumors that affect humans: glioblastoma multiforme and mesothelioma. In both tumors, ALDH1A3 is considered a negative prognostic factor, and its level correlates with excessive proliferation, chemoresistance, and invasiveness. We also review the recent attempts to develop both ALDH1A3-selective inhibitors for cancer therapy and ALDH1A3-specific fluorescent substrates for fluorescence-guided tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Magrassi
- Neurosurgery, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare—CNR, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Pinton
- Department of Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (V.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Neurosurgery, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Scravaglieri
- Neurosurgery, Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche e Pediatriche, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Valentina Gigliotti
- Department of Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (V.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Bianca Laura Bernardoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Ilaria D’Agostino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Francesca Juretich
- Department of Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (V.G.); (S.G.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.L.B.); (I.D.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Silvia Garavaglia
- Department of Scienze del Farmaco, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (V.G.); (S.G.)
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Rendek T, Pos O, Duranova T, Saade R, Budis J, Repiska V, Szemes T. Current Challenges of Methylation-Based Liquid Biopsies in Cancer Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2001. [PMID: 38893121 PMCID: PMC11171112 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In current clinical practice, effective cancer testing and screening paradigms are limited to specific types of cancer, exhibiting varying efficiency, acceptance, and adherence. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiling holds promise in providing information about the presence of malignity regardless of its type and location while leveraging blood-based liquid biopsies as a method to obtain analytical samples. However, technical difficulties, costs and challenges resulting from biological variations, tumor heterogeneity, and exogenous factors persist. This method exploits the mechanisms behind cfDNA release but faces issues like fragmentation, low concentrations, and high background noise. This review explores cfDNA methylation's origins, means of detection, and profiling for cancer diagnostics. The critical evaluation of currently available multi-cancer early detection methods (MCEDs) as well as tests targeting single genes, emphasizing their potential and limits to refine strategies for early cancer detection, are explained. The current methodology limitations, workflows, comparisons of clinically approved liquid biopsy-based methylation tests for cancer, their utilization in companion diagnostics as well as the biological limitations of the epigenetics approach are discussed, aiming to help healthcare providers as well as researchers to orient themselves in this increasingly complex and evolving field of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rendek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ondrej Pos
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (J.B.); (T.S.)
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | | | - Rami Saade
- 2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jaroslav Budis
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (J.B.); (T.S.)
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Vanda Repiska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Tomas Szemes
- Geneton Ltd., 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.P.); (J.B.); (T.S.)
- Comenius University Science Park, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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3
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Ni F, Wang F, Li J, Liu Y, Sun X, Chen J, Li J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Ye X, Tu M, Chen J, Chen C, Zhang D. BNC1 deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction-triggered spermatogonia apoptosis through the CREB/SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway: the therapeutic potential of nicotinamide riboside and metformin†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:615-631. [PMID: 38079523 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is a global health problem that disturbs numerous couples worldwide. Basonuclin 1 (BNC1) is a transcription factor mainly expressed in proliferative keratinocytes and germ cells. A frameshift mutation of BNC1 was identified in a large Chinese primary ovarian insufficiency pedigree. The expression of BNC1 was significantly decreased in the testis biopsies of infertile patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Previous studies have revealed that mice with BNC1 deficiency are generally subfertile and undergo gradual spermatogenic failure. We observed that apoptosis of spermatogonia is tightly related to spermatogenic failure in mice with a Bnc1 truncation mutation. Such impairment is related to mitochondrial dysfunction causing lower mitochondrial membrane potential and higher reactive oxygen species. We showed that downregulation of CREB/SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling participates in the above impairment. Administration of nicotinamide riboside or metformin reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibited apoptosis in Bnc1-knockdown spermatogonia by stimulating CREB/SIRT1/FOXO3 signaling. Dietary supplementation with nicotinamide riboside or metformin in mutated mice increased SIRT1 signaling, improved the architecture of spermatogenic tubules, inhibited apoptosis of the testis, and improved the fertility of mice with a Bnc1 truncation mutation. Our data establish that oral nicotinamide riboside or metformin can be useful for the treatment of spermatogenic failure induced by Bnc1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feida Ni
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianpeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mixue Tu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Bixby B, Vrba L, Lenka J, Oshiro MM, Watts GS, Hughes T, Erickson H, Chopra M, Knepler JL, Knox KS, Jarnagin L, Alalawi R, Kala M, Bernert R, Routh J, Roe DJ, Garland LL, Futscher BW, Nelson MA. Cell-free DNA methylation analysis as a marker of malignancy in pleural fluid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2939. [PMID: 38316884 PMCID: PMC10844328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is made by cytological examination of pleural fluid or histological examination of pleural tissue from biopsy. Unfortunately, detection of malignancy using cytology has an overall sensitivity of 50%, and is dependent upon tumor load, volume of fluid assessed, and cytopathologist experience. The diagnostic yield of pleural fluid cytology is also compromised by low abundance of tumor cells or when morphology is obscured by inflammation or reactive mesothelial cells. A reliable molecular marker that may complement fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion is needed. The purpose of this study was to establish a molecular diagnostic approach based on pleural effusion cell-free DNA methylation analysis for the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and benign pleural effusion. This was a blind, prospective case-control biomarker study. We recruited 104 patients with pleural effusion for the study. We collected pleural fluid from patients with: MPE (n = 48), indeterminate pleural effusion in subjects with known malignancy or IPE (n = 28), and benign PE (n = 28), and performed the Sentinel-MPE liquid biopsy assay. The methylation level of Sentinel-MPE was markedly higher in the MPE samples compared to BPE control samples (p < 0.0001) and the same tendency was observed relative to IPE (p = 0.004). We also noted that the methylation signal was significantly higher in IPE relative to BPE (p < 0.001). We also assessed the diagnostic efficiency of the Sentinel-MPE test by performing receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). For the ROC analysis we combined the malignant and indeterminate pleural effusion groups (n = 76) and compared against the benign group (n = 28). The detection sensitivity and specificity of the Sentinel-MPE test was high (AUC = 0.912). The Sentinel-MPE appears to have better performance characteristics than cytology analysis. However, combining Sentinel-MPE with cytology analysis could be an even more effective approach for the diagnosis of MPE. The Sentinel-MPE test can discriminate between BPE and MPE. The Sentinel-MPE liquid biopsy test can detect aberrant DNA in several different tumor types. The Sentinel-MPE test can be a complementary tool to cytology in the diagnosis of MPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Bixby
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | | | - Jyoti Lenka
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Marc M Oshiro
- Boyer Liver Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - George S Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Trina Hughes
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Heidi Erickson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Madhav Chopra
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - James L Knepler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Kenneth S Knox
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Lisa Jarnagin
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Raed Alalawi
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | | | | | - Denise J Roe
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Linda L Garland
- Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Bernard W Futscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Mark A Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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5
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Bixby B, Vrba L, Lenka J, Oshiro M, Watts GS, Hughes T, Erickson H, Chopra M, Knepler JL, Knox KS, Jarnagin L, Alalawi R, Kala M, Bernert R, Routh J, Roe DJ, Garland LL, Futscher BW, Nelson MA. Cell-Free DNA Methylation Analysis as a Marker of Malignancy in Pleural Fluid. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3390107. [PMID: 37886511 PMCID: PMC10602127 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3390107/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is made by cytological examination of pleural fluid or histological examination of pleural tissue from biopsy. Unfortunately, detection of malignancy using cytology has an overall sensitivity of 50%, and is dependent upon tumor load, volume of fluid assessed, and cytopathologist experience. The diagnostic yield of pleural fluid cytology is also compromised by low abundance of tumor cells or when morphology is obscured by inflammation or reactive mesothelial cells. A reliable molecular marker that may complement fluid cytology malignant pleural effusion diagnosis is needed. The purpose of this study was to establish a molecular diagnostic approach based on pleural effusion cell-free DNA methylation analysis for the differential diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion and benign pleural effusion. Results This was a blind, prospective case-control biomarker study. We recruited 104 patients with pleural effusion for the study. We collected pleural fluid from patients with: MPE (n = 48), PPE (n = 28), and benign PE (n = 28), and performed the Sentinel-MPE liquid biopsy assay. The methylation level of Sentinel-MPE was markedly higher in the MPE samples compared to BPE control samples (p < 0.0001) and the same tendency was observed relative to PPE (p = 0.004). We also noted that the methylation signal was significantly higher in PPE relative to BPE (p < 0.001). We also assessed the diagnostic efficiency of the Sentinel-MPE test by performing receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC). For the ROC analysis we combined the malignant and paramalignant groups (n = 76) and compared against the benign group (n = 28). The detection sensitivity and specificity of the Sentinel-MPE test was high (AUC = 0.912). The Sentinel-MPE appears to have better performance characteristics than cytology analysis. However, combining Sentinel-MPE with cytology analysis could be an even more effective approach for the diagnosis of MPE. Conclusions The Sentinel-MPE test can discriminate between BPE and MPE. The Sentinel-MPE liquid biopsy test can detect aberrant DNA in several different tumor types. The Sentinel-MPE test can be a complementary tool to cytology in the diagnosis of MPE.
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García-Ortiz MV, Cano-Ramírez P, Toledano-Fonseca M, Aranda E, Rodríguez-Ariza A. Diagnosing and monitoring pancreatic cancer through cell-free DNA methylation: progress and prospects. Biomark Res 2023; 11:88. [PMID: 37798621 PMCID: PMC10552233 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging cancers due to its high mortality rates. Considering the late diagnosis and the limited survival benefit with current treatment options, it becomes imperative to optimize early detection, prognosis and prediction of treatment response. To address these challenges, significant research efforts have been undertaken in recent years to develop liquid-biopsy-based biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. In particular, an increasing number of studies point to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation analysis as a promising non-invasive approach for the discovery and validation of epigenetic biomarkers with diagnostic or prognostic potential. In this review we provide an update on recent advancements in the field of cfDNA methylation analysis in pancreatic cancer. We discuss the relevance of DNA methylation in the context of pancreatic cancer, recent cfDNA methylation research, its clinical utility, and future directions for integrating cfDNA methylation analysis into routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria García-Ortiz
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Sevilla, Spain.
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cano-Ramírez
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Toledano-Fonseca
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Sevilla, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Aranda
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Sevilla, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Andalusia-Roche Network Mixed Alliance in Precision Medical Oncology, Sevilla, Spain
- Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Meira DD, de Castro e Caetano MC, Casotti MC, Zetum ASS, Gonçalves AFM, Moreira AR, de Oliveira AH, Pesente F, Santana GM, de Almeida Duque D, Pereira GSC, de Castro GDSC, Pavan IP, Chagas JPS, Bourguignon JHB, de Oliveira JR, Barbosa KRM, Altoé LSC, Louro LS, Merigueti LP, Alves LNR, Machado MRR, Roque MLRO, Prates PS, de Paula Segáua SH, dos Santos Uchiya T, Louro TES, Daleprane VE, Guaitolini YM, Vicente CR, dos Reis Trabach RS, de Araújo BC, dos Santos EDVW, de Paula F, Lopes TJS, de Carvalho EF, Louro ID. Prognostic Factors and Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Challenges. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1906. [PMID: 37895255 PMCID: PMC10606762 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive neoplasm and, despite the development of recent therapies, tumor progression and recurrence following the initial response remains unsolved. Several questions remain unanswered about non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): (1) Which patients will actually benefit from therapy? (2) What are the predictive factors of response to MAbs and TKIs? (3) What are the best combination strategies with conventional treatments or new antineoplastic drugs? To answer these questions, an integrative literature review was carried out, searching articles in PUBMED, NCBI-PMC, Google Academic, and others. Here, we will examine the molecular genetics of lung cancer, emphasizing NSCLC, and delineate the primary categories of inhibitors based on their molecular targets, alongside the main treatment alternatives depending on the type of acquired resistance. We highlighted new therapies based on epigenetic information and a single-cell approach as a potential source of new biomarkers. The current and future of NSCLC management hinges upon genotyping correct prognostic markers, as well as on the evolution of precision medicine, which guarantees a tailored drug combination with precise targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Dummer Meira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Clara de Castro e Caetano
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Matheus Correia Casotti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Aléxia Stefani Siqueira Zetum
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - André Felipe Monteiro Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - André Rodrigues Moreira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Augusto Henrique de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Fellipe Pesente
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Gabriel Mendonça Santana
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Almeida Duque
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Gierleson Santos Cangussu Pereira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Giulia de Souza Cupertino de Castro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Isabele Pagani Pavan
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - João Pedro Sarcinelli Chagas
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - José Henrique Borges Bourguignon
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Juliana Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Karen Ruth Michio Barbosa
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Lorena Souza Castro Altoé
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Luana Santos Louro
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Luiza Poppe Merigueti
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Lyvia Neves Rebello Alves
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Marlon Ramos Rosado Machado
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Luísa Rodrigues Oliveira Roque
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Pedro Santana Prates
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Sayuri Honorio de Paula Segáua
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Taissa dos Santos Uchiya
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Thomas Erik Santos Louro
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Curso de Medicina, Vitória 29027-502, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Eduardo Daleprane
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Yasmin Moreto Guaitolini
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29090-040, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva dos Reis Trabach
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Bruno Cancian de Araújo
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Eldamária de Vargas Wolfgramm dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Flávia de Paula
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
| | - Tiago José S. Lopes
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Elizeu Fagundes de Carvalho
- Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes (IBRAG), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Iúri Drumond Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 29075-910, Brazil (M.C.C.)
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8
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Funderburk K, Bang-Christensen SR, Miller BF, Tan H, Margolin G, Petrykowska HM, Baugher C, Farney SK, Grimm SA, Jameel N, Holland DO, Altman NS, Elnitski L. Evaluating Stacked Methylation Markers for Blood-Based Multicancer Detection. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4826. [PMID: 37835520 PMCID: PMC10571530 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect several types of cancer using a non-invasive, blood-based test holds the potential to revolutionize oncology screening. We mined tumor methylation array data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) covering 14 cancer types and identified two novel, broadly-occurring methylation markers at TLX1 and GALR1. To evaluate their performance as a generalized blood-based screening approach, along with our previously reported methylation biomarker, ZNF154, we rigorously assessed each marker individually or combined. Utilizing TCGA methylation data and applying logistic regression models within each individual cancer type, we found that the three-marker combination significantly increased the average area under the ROC curve (AUC) across the 14 tumor types compared to single markers (p = 1.158 × 10-10; Friedman test). Furthermore, we simulated dilutions of tumor DNA into healthy blood cell DNA and demonstrated increased AUC of combined markers across all dilution levels. Finally, we evaluated assay performance in bisulfite sequenced DNA from patient tumors and plasma, including early-stage samples. When combining all three markers, the assay correctly identified nine out of nine lung cancer plasma samples. In patient plasma from hepatocellular carcinoma, ZNF154 alone yielded the highest combined sensitivity and specificity values averaging 68% and 72%, whereas multiple markers could achieve higher sensitivity or specificity, but not both. Altogether, this study presents a comprehensive pipeline for the identification, testing, and validation of multi-cancer methylation biomarkers with a considerable potential for detecting a broad range of cancer types in patient blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Funderburk
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara R. Bang-Christensen
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brendan F. Miller
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Tan
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gennady Margolin
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hanna M. Petrykowska
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine Baugher
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S. Katie Farney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara A. Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nader Jameel
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David O. Holland
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naomi S. Altman
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Laura Elnitski
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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Parida T, Daka G, Murapala D, Kolli SK, Malla RR, Namuduri S. PM2.5: Epigenetic Alteration in Lung Physiology and Lung Cancer Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:51-58. [PMID: 38050981 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has a very negative impact on human health, specifically the respiratory system. PM comes in many forms, among these is PM2.5,which is a major risk factor for lung cancer and other cardiovascular diseases. PM is inherent in emissions from industrial production, manufacturing, vehicle exhaust, mining, and cigarette smoking. For this reason, the composition of PM differs from area to area although its primary constituents are heavy metals and petroleum elements. PM has a long and toxic impact on human health. After extended exposure to PM2.5 the mortality rate for lung cancer patients increases. Already, lung cancer is the leading cause of death globally with the highest mortality rate. PM2.5 creates epigenetic changes in miRNA, histone modification, and DNA methylation, causing tumorigenesis followed by lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Parida
- Department of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gopamma Daka
- Department of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepthi Murapala
- Department of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kolli
- Department of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas Namuduri
- Department of Environmental Science, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam-530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
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10
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Tan M, Wang S, Li F, Xu H, Gao J, Zhu L. A methylation-driven genes prognostic signature and the immune microenvironment in epithelial ovarian cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:635-646. [PMID: 35639961 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant gene methylation has been implicated in the development and progression of tumors. In this study, we aimed to identity methylation driven genes involved in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) to establish a prognostic signature for patients with EOC. We identified and verified 6 MDGs that are closely related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer. A prognostic risk score model and nomogram for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer were constructed based on the six MDGs. It can also effectively reflect the immune environment and immunotherapy response of ovarian cancer. These MDGs have great significance to the implementation of individualized treatment and disease monitoring of ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzi Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, P R China.,Department of Gynecology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning Province, P R China
| | - Shengtan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570011, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Haoya Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, P.R. China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, P.R. China
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11
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Mori T, Ueno K, Tokunaga K, Kawai Y, Matsuda K, Nishida N, Komine K, Saito S, Nagasaki M. A single-nucleotide-polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of MSX1 gene as a predictive marker candidate for platinum-based therapy of esophageal carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221080580. [PMID: 35251318 PMCID: PMC8891864 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221080580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platinum derivatives are important treatment options for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC), and a predictive marker for platinum-based therapy is needed for precision medicine. Patients and methods: This study contained two cohorts consisting of EC patients treated using platinum-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) as the first-line and another external cohort of nationwide clinicogenomic data from the BioBank Japan (BBJ). Results: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of therapeutic outcomes, refractory disease or not, following platinum-based CRT as first-line in 94 patients in the first cohort suggested the association of 89 SNPs using p < 0.0001. The top 10 SNPs selected from each chromosomal region by odds ratio were evaluated for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios in the first cohort, resulting in four candidates (p < 0.0025). The four selected candidates were re-evaluated in another cohort of 24 EC patients, which included patients prospectively enrolled in this study to fulfill the sample size statistically suggested by the results of the first cohort, and of the four, only rs3815544 was replicated (p < 0.0125). Furthermore, this candidate genotype of rs3815544 proceeded to the re-evaluation study in an external cohort consisting of EC patients treated with platinum derivatives and/or by radiation therapy as the first-line treatment in BBJ, which confirmed that the alternative allele (G) of rs3815544 was statistically associated with non-response (SD or PD) to platinum-based therapy in EC patients (odds ratio = 1.801, p = 0.048). The methylation QTL database as well as online clinicogenomic databases suggested that the region including rs3815544 may regulate MSX1 expression through CpG methylation, and this down-regulation was statistically associated with poor prognosis after platinum-based therapies for EC. Conclusion: rs3815544 is a novel candidate predictive marker for platinum-based EC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Mori
- Departments of Clinical Oncology and Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1 Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0392, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ueno
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Nishida
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Komine
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sakae Saito
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, and nd Center for Genomic Midicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Vrba L, Futscher BW, Oshiro M, Watts GS, Menashi E, Hu C, Hammad H, Pennington DR, Golconda U, Gavini H, Roe DJ, Shroff RT, Nelson MA. Liquid biopsy, using a novel DNA methylation signature, distinguishes pancreatic adenocarcinoma from benign pancreatic disease. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:28. [PMID: 35193708 PMCID: PMC8864826 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the ability of a novel DNA methylation biomarker set to distinguish metastatic pancreatic cancer cases from benign pancreatic cyst patients and to monitor tumor dynamics using quantitative DNA methylation analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples. The biomarkers were able to distinguish malignant cases from benign disease with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.999). Furthermore, the biomarkers detected a consistent decline in tumor-derived cfDNA in samples from patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study indicates that our liquid biopsy assay could be useful for management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Vrba
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bernard W Futscher
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Precision Epigenomics Inc, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc Oshiro
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - George S Watts
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Charles Hu
- Dignity Health Chandler Regional Medical Center, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | - Hytham Hammad
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Caner Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel R Pennington
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Caner Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Hemanth Gavini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Caner Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J Roe
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rachna T Shroff
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Caner Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Nelson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Precision Epigenomics Inc, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13
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Liang ZQ, Zhong LY, Li J, Shen JH, Tu XY, Zhong ZH, Zeng JJ, Chen JH, Wei ZX, Dang YW, Huang SN, Chen G. Clinicopathological significance and underlying molecular mechanism of downregulation of basonuclin 1 expression in ovarian carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:106-119. [PMID: 34644201 PMCID: PMC8777474 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to identify the clinical significance of basonuclin 1 (BNC1) expression in ovarian carcinoma (OV) and to explore its latent mechanisms. Via integrating in-house tissue microarrays, gene chips, and RNA-sequencing data, we explored the expression and clinical value of BNC1 in OV. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized to confirm the protein expression status of BNC1. A combined SMD of -2.339 (95% CI: -3.649 to -1.028, P < 0.001) identified that BNC1 was downregulated based on 1346 samples, and the sROC (AUC = 0.93) showed a favorable discriminatory ability of BNC1 in OV patients. We used univariate and multivariate Cox regulation to evaluate the prognostic role of BNC1 for OV patients, and a combined hazard ratio of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.445-0.989, P < 0.001) revealed that BNC1 was a protective factor for OV. Furthermore, the fraction of infiltrating naive B cells, memory B cells, and other immune cells showed statistical differences between the high- and low-BNC1 expression groups through cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) algorithm. Enrichment analysis showed that BNC1 may have a relationship with immune-related items in OV. By predicting the potential regulatory transcription factors (TFs) of BNC1, friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1) may be a potential upstream TF of BNC1. Corporately, a decreasing trend of BNC1 may serve as a tumor suppressor and prognostic biomarker in OV patients. Moreover, BNC1 may take part in immune-related pathways and influence the fraction of tumor-infiltrating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qian Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hai Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530003, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Xin Wei
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ning Huang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer
Hospital, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of
Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P. R. China
- Gang Chen.
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14
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Yang J, Gao C, Liu M, Liu YC, Kwon J, Qi J, Tian X, Stein A, Liu YV, Kong NR, Wu Y, Yin S, Xi J, Chen Z, Kumari K, Wong H, Luo H, Silberstein LE, Thoms JAI, Unnikrishnan A, Pimanda JE, Tenen DG, Chai L. Targeting an Inducible SALL4-Mediated Cancer Vulnerability with Sequential Therapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6018-6028. [PMID: 34593523 PMCID: PMC8639708 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncofetal protein SALL4 is critical for cancer cell survival. Targeting SALL4, however, is only applicable in a fraction of cancer patients who are positive for this gene. To overcome this limitation, we propose to induce a cancer vulnerability by engineering a partial dependency upon SALL4. Following exogenous expression of SALL4, SALL4-negative cancer cells became partially dependent on SALL4. Treatment of SALL4-negative cells with the FDA-approved hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) resulted in transient upregulation of SALL4. DAC pretreatment sensitized SALL4-negative cancer cells to entinostat, which negatively affected SALL4 expression through a microRNA, miRNA-205, both in culture and in vivo. Moreover, SALL4 was essential for the efficiency of sequential treatment of DAC and entinostat. Overall, this proof-of-concept study provides a framework whereby the targeting pathways such as SALL4-centered therapy can be expanded, sensitizing cancer cells to treatment by transient target induction and engineering a dependency. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide a therapeutic approach for patients harboring no suitable target by induction of a SALL4-mediated vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yao-Chung Liu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junsu Kwon
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Stein
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yanjing V Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikki R Kong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shenyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kalpana Kumari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannan Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongbo Luo
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leslie E Silberstein
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie A I Thoms
- School of Medical Sciences and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashwin Unnikrishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Pimanda
- School of Medical Sciences and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School and Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Hematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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15
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Püschel J, Dubrovska A, Gorodetska I. The Multifaceted Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenases in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4703. [PMID: 34572930 PMCID: PMC8472046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the only tumor cells possessing self-renewal and differentiation properties, making them an engine of tumor progression and a source of tumor regrowth after treatment. Conventional therapies eliminate most non-CSCs, while CSCs often remain radiation and drug resistant, leading to tumor relapse and metastases. Thus, targeting CSCs might be a powerful tool to overcome tumor resistance and increase the efficiency of current cancer treatment strategies. The identification and isolation of the CSC population based on its high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) is widely accepted for prostate cancer (PCa) and many other solid tumors. In PCa, several ALDH genes contribute to the ALDH activity, which can be measured in the enzymatic assay by converting 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) aminoacetaldehyde (BAAA) into the fluorescent product BODIPY-aminoacetate (BAA). Although each ALDH isoform plays an individual role in PCa biology, their mutual functional interplay also contributes to PCa progression. Thus, ALDH proteins are markers and functional regulators of CSC properties, representing an attractive target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the current state of research regarding the role of individual ALDH isoforms in PCa development and progression, their possible therapeutic targeting, and provide an outlook for the future advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Püschel
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ielizaveta Gorodetska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany;
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16
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Zhu X, Fang H, Gladysz K, Barbour JA, Wong JWH. Overexpression of transposable elements is associated with immune evasion and poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2021; 157:94-107. [PMID: 34492588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM High immune cell infiltration of the tumour microenvironment is generally associated with a good prognosis in solid cancers. However, a subset of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) tumours with high immune cell infiltration have a poor outcome. These tumours have a high level of T cell infiltration and are also characterised by increased expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). As these tumours comprise both microsatellite instability and microsatellite stable subtypes, the mechanism underlying this phenotype is unknown. METHODS Using RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we quantified transposable element (TE) expression and developed a TE expression score that is predictive of prognosis and immune infiltration independent of microsatellite instability status and tumour staging in CRC. RESULTS Tumours with the highest TE expression score showed increased immune cell infiltration with upregulation of interferon (IFN) signalling pathways and downstream activation of IFN-simulated genes. As expected, cell lines treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor mimicked patient tumours with increased TE expression and IFN signalling. However, surprisingly, unlike high TE expressing CRC, there is little evidence for the activation of JAK-STAT signalling and PD-L1 expression in DNA methyltransferase inhibitor-treated cells. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of CRC samples showed that PD-L1 expression is mainly confined to tumour-associated macrophages and T cells, suggesting that TE mediated IFN signalling is triggering expression of PD-L1 in immune cells rather than in tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a novel mechanism of TE driven immune evasion and highlights TE expression as an important factor for patient prognosis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hu Fang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kornelia Gladysz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jayne A Barbour
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jason W H Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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17
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Hsiao TH, Lee GH, Chang YS, Chen BH, Fu TF. The Incoherent Fluctuation of Folate Pools and Differential Regulation of Folate Enzymes Prioritize Nucleotide Supply in the Zebrafish Model Displaying Folate Deficiency-Induced Microphthalmia and Visual Defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702969. [PMID: 34268314 PMCID: PMC8277299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Congenital eye diseases are multi-factorial and usually cannot be cured. Therefore, proper preventive strategy and understanding the pathomechanism underlying these diseases become important. Deficiency in folate, a water-soluble vitamin B, has been associated with microphthalmia, a congenital eye disease characterized by abnormally small and malformed eyes. However, the causal-link and the underlying mechanism between folate and microphthalmia remain incompletely understood. Methods We examined the eye size, optomotor response, intracellular folate distribution, and the expression of folate-requiring enzymes in zebrafish larvae displaying folate deficiency (FD) and ocular defects. Results FD caused microphthalmia and impeded visual ability in zebrafish larvae, which were rescued by folate and dNTP supplementation. Cell cycle analysis revealed cell accumulation at S-phase and sub-G1 phase. Decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis were found in FD larvae during embryogenesis in a developmental timing-specific manner. Lowered methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) expression and up-regulated methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+-dependent)-1-like (mthfd1L) expression were found in FD larvae. Knocking-down mthfd1L expression worsened FD-induced ocular anomalies; whereas increasing mthfd1L expression provided a protective effect. 5-CH3-THF is the most sensitive folate pool, whose levels were the most significantly reduced in response to FD; whereas 10-CHO-THF levels were less affected. 5-CHO-THF is the most effective folate adduct for rescuing FD-induced microphthalmia and defective visual ability. Conclusion FD impeded nucleotides formation, impaired cell proliferation and differentiation, caused apoptosis and interfered active vitamin A production, contributing to ocular defects. The developmental timing-specific and incoherent fluctuation among folate adducts and increased expression of mthfd1L in response to FD reflect the context-dependent regulation of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, endowing the larvae to prioritize the essential biochemical pathways for supporting the continuous growth in response to folate depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Hui Lee
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Al-Yozbaki M, Jabre I, Syed NH, Wilson CM. Targeting DNA methyltransferases in non-small-cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:77-87. [PMID: 33486076 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment using chemotherapy or targeted therapies, due to static survival rates, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epigenetic-based therapies have been developed for NSCLC by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone-modifying enzymes. However, treatment using single epigenetic agents on solid tumours has been inadequate; whereas, treatment with a combination of DNMTs inhibitors with chemotherapy and immunotherapy has shown great promise. Dietary sources of phytochemicals could also inhibit DNMTs and cancer stem cells, representing a novel and promising way to prevent and treat cancer. Herein, we will discuss the different DNMTs, DNA methylation profiling in NSCLC as well as current demethylating agents in ongoing clinical trials. Therefore, providing a concise overview of future developments in the field of epigenetic therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Ibtissam Jabre
- Dept. of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Naeem H Syed
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK; University of Liverpool, Institute of Translation Medicine, Dept of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
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19
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Yao Y, Xu P, Ying T, Wang Y, Wang X, Shu L, Mo Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Wang W, Teng L, Lou X. Integrative Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Identified Follicular Thyroid Cancer-Specific Diagnostic Biomarkers. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:736068. [PMID: 35370931 PMCID: PMC8964406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.736068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) prior surgical resection remains a challenge, as routine screening methods, such as ultrasound or even FNAB, could not diagnose FTC preoperatively. Here, we performed an integrative analysis of DNA methylation and RNA array data from our own cohort (14 Follicular thyroid carcinoma vs 16 Benign thyroid lesion) to identify thyroid cancer-specific DNA methylation markers. We first identified differentially methylated and expressed genes and examined their correlations. Candidate DNA methylation sites were selected and further verified in validation set. Among all candidate methylation sites, cg06928209 was the most promising site as a molecular marker for early diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 80% and an AUC of 0.77. Overall, our study demonstrates the potential use of methylation markers in FTC diagnosis and may boost the development of new epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianxing Ying
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xumeng Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqi Shu
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zhe Mo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Lou, ; Lisong Teng, ; Weibin Wang,
| | - Lisong Teng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Lou, ; Lisong Teng, ; Weibin Wang,
| | - Xiaoming Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoming Lou, ; Lisong Teng, ; Weibin Wang,
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20
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Zengin T, Önal-Süzek T. Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic variations as prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:368. [PMID: 32998690 PMCID: PMC7526001 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of the largest number of deaths worldwide and lung adenocarcinoma is the most common form of lung cancer. In order to understand the molecular basis of lung adenocarcinoma, integrative analysis have been performed by using genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics and clinical data. Besides, molecular prognostic signatures have been generated for lung adenocarcinoma by using gene expression levels in tumor samples. However, we need signatures including different types of molecular data, even cohort or patient-based biomarkers which are the candidates of molecular targeting. Results We built an R pipeline to carry out an integrated meta-analysis of the genomic alterations including single-nucleotide variations and the copy number variations, transcriptomics variations through RNA-seq and clinical data of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We integrated significant genes including single-nucleotide variations or the copy number variations, differentially expressed genes and those in active subnetworks to construct a prognosis signature. Cox proportional hazards model with Lasso penalty and LOOCV was used to identify best gene signature among different gene categories. We determined a 12-gene signature (BCHE, CCNA1, CYP24A1, DEPTOR, MASP2, MGLL, MYO1A, PODXL2, RAPGEF3, SGK2, TNNI2, ZBTB16) for prognostic risk prediction based on overall survival time of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The patients in both training and test data were clustered into high-risk and low-risk groups by using risk scores of the patients calculated based on selected gene signature. The overall survival probability of these risk groups was highly significantly different for both training and test datasets. Conclusions This 12-gene signature could predict the prognostic risk of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma in TCGA and they are potential predictors for the survival-based risk clustering of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These genes can be used to cluster patients based on molecular nature and the best candidates of drugs for the patient clusters can be proposed. These genes also have a high potential for targeted cancer therapy of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talip Zengin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Önal-Süzek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey. .,Department of Computer Engineering, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey.
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21
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Eppich S, Kuhn C, Schmoeckel E, Mayr D, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Gallwas J, Heidegger HH. MSX1-A Potential Marker for Uterus-Preserving Therapy of Endometrial Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124529. [PMID: 32630554 PMCID: PMC7350265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic factors are of great interest in patients with endometrial cancer. One potential factor could be the protein MSX1, a transcription repressor, that has an inhibitory effect on the cell cycle. For this study, endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (n = 53), clear cell endometrial carcinomas (n = 6), endometrioid ovarian carcinomas (n = 19), and clear cell ovarian carcinomas (n = 11) were immunochemically stained for the protein MSX1 and evaluated using the immunoreactive score (IRS). A significant stronger expression of MSX1 was found in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (p < 0.001), in grading 2 (moderate differentiation) (p = 0.001), and in tumor material of patients with no involvement of lymph nodes (p = 0.031). Correlations were found between MSX1 expression and the expression of β-Catenin, p21, p53, and the steroid receptors ERα, ERβ, PRα, and PRβ. A significant (p = 0.023) better survival for patients with an MSX1 expression in more than 10% of the tumor cells was observed for endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (21.3 years median survival (MSX1-positive) versus 17.3 years (MSX1-negative)). Although there is evidence that MSX1 expression correlates with improved long-term survival, further studies are necessary to evaluate if MSX1 can be used as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Eppich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, LMU Munich, Thalkirchner Str. 56, 80337 Munich, Germany; (E.S.); (D.M.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-54240
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Georg August University Goettingen, University Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helene Hildegard Heidegger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.E.); (C.K.); (S.M.); (J.G.); (H.H.H.)
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22
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Tessema M, Tassew DD, Yingling CM, Do K, Picchi MA, Wu G, Petersen H, Randell S, Lin Y, Belinsky SA, Tesfaigzi Y. Identification of novel epigenetic abnormalities as sputum biomarkers for lung cancer risk among smokers and COPD patients. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:189-196. [PMID: 32559455 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Although COPD patients have higher risk of lung cancer compared to non-COPD smokers, the molecular links between these diseases are not well-defined. This study aims to identify genes that are downregulated by cigarette smoke and commonly repressed in COPD and lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to cigarette-smoke-extract (CSE) for 10-weeks and significantly suppressed genes were identified by transcriptome array. Epigenetic abnormalities of these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from patients with or without COPD were determined using genome-wide and gene-specific assays and by in vitro treatment of cell lines with trichostatin-A or 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. RESULTS The ten most commonly downregulated genes following chronic CSE exposure of HAEC and show promoter hypermethylation in LUAD were selected. Among these, expression of CCNA1, SNCA, and ZNF549 was significantly reduced in lung tissues from COPD compared with non-COPD cases while expression of CCNA1 and SNCA was further downregulated in tumors with COPD. The promoter regions of all three genes were hypermethylated in LUAD but not normal or COPD lungs. The reduced expression and aberrant promoter hypermethylation of these genes in LUAD were independently validated using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas project. Importantly, SNCA and ZNF549 methylation detected in sputum DNA from LUAD (52% and 38%) cases were more prevalent compared to cancer-free smokers (26% and 15%), respectively (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that suppression of CCNA1, SNCA, and ZNF549 in lung cancer and COPD occurs with or without promoter hypermethylation, respectively. Detecting methylation of these and previously identified genes in sputum of cancer-free smokers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer among high risk smokers including COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Tessema
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA.
| | - Dereje D Tassew
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Currently, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christin M Yingling
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott Randell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Currently, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Li TF, Zeng HJ, Shan Z, Ye RY, Cheang TY, Zhang YJ, Lu SH, Zhang Q, Shao N, Lin Y. Overexpression of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:123. [PMID: 32322170 PMCID: PMC7161125 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin superfamily (KIFs) has a long-reported significant influence on the initiation, development, and progress of breast cancer. However, the prognostic value of whole family members was poorly done. Our study intends to demonstrate the value of kinesin superfamily members as prognostic biomarkers as well as a therapeutic target of breast cancer. METHODS Comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were done using data from TCGA, GEO, METABRIC, and GTEx. LASSO regression was done to select tumor-related members. Nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS) of breast cancer patients. Expression profiles were testified by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transcription factor, GO and KEGG enrichments were done to explore regulatory mechanism and functions. RESULTS A total of 20 differentially expressed KIFs were identified between breast cancer and normal tissue with 4 (KIF17, KIF26A, KIF7, KIFC3) downregulated and 16 (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF20B, KIF22, KIF23, KIF24, KIF26B, KIF2C, KIF3B, KIF4A, KIFC1) overexpressed. Among which, 11 overexpressed KIFs (KIF10, KIF11, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF23, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIFC1) significantly correlated with worse OS, relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of breast cancer. A 6-KIFs-based risk score (KIF10, KIF15, KIF18A, KIF18B, KIF20A, KIF4A) was generated by LASSO regression with a nomogram validated an accurate predictive efficacy. Both mRNA and protein expression of KIFs are experimentally demonstrated upregulated in breast cancer patients. Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) was identified as transcription factors of KIFs in breast cancer. GO and KEGG enrichments revealed functions and pathways affected in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Overexpression of tumor-related KIFs correlate with worse outcomes of breast cancer patients and can work as potential prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Fu Li
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Hui-Juan Zeng
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhen Shan
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Run-Yi Ye
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Tuck-Yun Cheang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Si-Hong Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Nan Shao
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ying Lin
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Pramono AA, Rather GM, Herman H, Lestari K, Bertino JR. NAD- and NADPH-Contributing Enzymes as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer: An Overview. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030358. [PMID: 32111066 PMCID: PMC7175141 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actively proliferating cancer cells require sufficient amount of NADH and NADPH for biogenesis and to protect cells from the detrimental effect of reactive oxygen species. As both normal and cancer cells share the same NAD biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, selectively lowering levels of NAD(H) and NADPH would be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Targeting nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate limiting enzyme of the NAD salvage pathway, affects the NAD and NADPH pool. Similarly, lowering NADPH by mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) which produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), an oncometabolite that downregulates nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT) via hypermethylation on the promoter region, results in epigenetic regulation. NADPH is used to generate D-2HG, and is also needed to protect dihydrofolate reductase, the target for methotrexate, from degradation. NAD and NADPH pools in various cancer types are regulated by several metabolic enzymes, including methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, targeting NAD and NADPH synthesis under special circumstances is a novel approach to treat some cancers. This article provides the rationale for targeting the key enzymes that maintain the NAD/NADPH pool, and reviews preclinical studies of targeting these enzymes in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvinsyah Adhityo Pramono
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Gulam M. Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Herry Herman
- Division of Oncology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia;
| | - Keri Lestari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Joseph R. Bertino
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (A.A.P.); (G.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(732)-235-8510
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25
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Xu F, Wang D, Cui J, Li J, Jiang H. Demethylation of the Cosmc Promoter Alleviates the Progression of Breast Cancer Through Downregulation of the Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1017-1027. [PMID: 32104083 PMCID: PMC7023867 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s214553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant gene methylation in breast cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Besides, abnormal Cosmc can induce the expression of Tn and STn antigens. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Cosmc promoter methylation in breast cancer through the regulation of Tn and STn antigens. Methods The expression patterns of Cosmc and the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer cell lines were determined. Cosmc was overexpressed to explore the effects of Cosmc on cell behavior, including the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and tumor growth with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Afterwards, a methyltransferase and a methyltransferase inhibitor were used to alter the methylation status of Cosmc to explore the mechanisms related to Cosmc promoter methylation. Results Cosmc was poorly expressed in breast cancer cells. Cosmc overexpression inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vitro and restraining tumor growth in vivo. Cosmc promoter methylation was found to decrease the levels of Cosmc and increased the expression of the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer. Conclusion In conclusion, the demethylation of Cosmc mitigates breast cancer progression through the repression of the Tn and STn antigens, which provides evidence for therapeutic considerations for a novel target against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, People's Republic of China
| | - JianXiu Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, People's Republic of China
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26
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Non-invasive detection of pancreatic cancer by measuring DNA methylation of Basonuclin 1 and Septin 9 in plasma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1504-1506. [PMID: 31205116 PMCID: PMC6629335 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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27
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Vrba L, Oshiro MM, Kim SS, Garland LL, Placencia C, Mahadevan D, Nelson MA, Futscher BW. DNA methylation biomarkers discovered in silico detect cancer in liquid biopsies from non-small cell lung cancer patients. Epigenetics 2019; 15:419-430. [PMID: 31775567 PMCID: PMC7153541 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1695333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of cancer-specific methylation of DNA released by tumours can be used for non-invasive diagnostics and monitoring. We previously reported in silico identification of DNA methylation loci specifically hypermethylated in common human cancers that could be used as epigenetic biomarkers. Using DNA methylation specific qPCR we now clinically tested a group of these cancer-specific loci on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from the plasma fraction of blood samples from healthy controls and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. These DNA methylation biomarkers distinguish lung cancer cases from controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.956), and furthermore, the signal from the markers correlates with tumour size and decreases after surgical resection of lung tumours. Presented observations suggest the clinical value of these DNA methylation biomarkers for NSCLC diagnostics and monitoring. Since we successfully validated the biomarkers using independent DNA methylation data from multiple additional common carcinoma cohorts (bladder, breast, colorectal, oesophageal, head and neck, pancreatic or prostate cancer) we predict that these DNA methylation biomarkers will detect additional carcinoma types from plasma samples as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Vrba
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Marc M Oshiro
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Linda L Garland
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Crystal Placencia
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daruka Mahadevan
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mark A Nelson
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Bernard W Futscher
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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NADPH oxidases and oxidase crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases: novel therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 17:170-194. [PMID: 31591535 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-019-0260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent production of ROS underlies sustained oxidative stress, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, aortic aneurysm, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Interactions between different oxidases or oxidase systems have been intensively investigated for their roles in inducing sustained oxidative stress. In this Review, we discuss the latest data on the pathobiology of each oxidase component, the complex crosstalk between different oxidase components and the consequences of this crosstalk in mediating cardiovascular disease processes, focusing on the central role of particular NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms that are activated in specific cardiovascular diseases. An improved understanding of these mechanisms might facilitate the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting these oxidase systems and their interactions, which could be effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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29
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Msx1 loss suppresses formation of the ectopic crypts developed in the Apc-deficient small intestinal epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1629. [PMID: 30733598 PMCID: PMC6367488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in the development of human colorectal cancer is aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling hyperactivation is predominantly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that encodes the pathway negative regulator. In order to identify genes affected by the Apc loss, we performed expression profiling of intestinal epithelium isolated from mice harboring a conditional Apc allele. The gene encoding transcriptional factor msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) displayed robust upregulation upon Apc inactivation. Histological analysis of the Apc-deficient epithelium revealed that in the small intestine, the Msx1 protein was localized exclusively in ectopic crypts, i.e., in pockets of proliferating cells abnormally positioned on the villi. Ablation of the Msx1 gene leads to the disappearance of ectopic crypts and loss of differentiated cells. Moreover, tumors arising from Msx1-deficient cells display altered morphology reminiscent of villous adenomas. In human tumor specimens, MSX1 displayed significantly increased expression in colonic neoplasia with a descending tendency during the lesion progression towards colorectal carcinoma. In summary, the results indicate that Msx1 represents a novel marker of intestinal tumorigenesis. In addition, we described the previously unknown relationship between the Msx1-dependent formation of ectopic crypts and cell differentiation.
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Ranjbar R, Karimian A, Aghaie Fard A, Tourani M, Majidinia M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi B. The importance of miRNAs and epigenetics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3216-3230. [PMID: 29384211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one of the most common malignant human disorders, originates in different important genetic lesions in T-cell or B-cell progenitors. ALL is a malignant lymphoid progenitor with peak prevalence in children (2-5 years). The rate of survival when one is suffering from ALL depends on various agents including the age of the patient, responses to anti-leukemic therapy, and cell biology. miRNAs and epigenetics are important regulatory factors in the expression of genes. miRNAs are noncoding RNA with inhibitory effectors on specific mRNA. Patterns of DNA methylation are profoundly changed in ALL by epigenetic mechanisms. The deciphering of miRNA and the epigenetic pathogenesis in ALL could revolutionize response to the therapy and outcome, and create an enormous promise for novel approaches to reduce the toxic side-effects of intensive leukemia. Hence, pathogenetic miRNAs and epigenetics leading to the initiation and the progression of ALL are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Arad Aghaie Fard
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tourani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Barresi V, Valenti G, Spampinato G, Musso N, Castorina S, Rizzarelli E, Condorelli DF. Transcriptome analysis reveals an altered expression profile of zinc transporters in colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9707-9719. [PMID: 30129075 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a transition metal and catalytic cofactor involved in many biological processes including proliferation, development, differentiation, and metabolism. Zinc transporters (ZnTs) play a fundamental role in cellular zinc homeostasis. ZnTs are responsible of zinc efflux and are encoded by 10 genes belonging to solute carrier family 30A (SLC30A1-10), while zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT)/iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein (ZIP) transporters are responsible for the influx of zinc into the cytoplasm and are encoded by 14 genes belonging to solute carrier family 39A (SLC39A1-14). In this study, we analyzed, by transcriptome analysis, the microRNA levels of ZnT-encoding and ZIP-encoding genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples matched to normal colon tissues and in CRC cell lines. Results revealed an upregulation of specific ZnT and ZIP transcripts in CRC. Upregulation of SLC30A5, SLC30A6, SLC30A7 transcripts, encoding zinc efflux transporters ZnT5, ZnT6, ZnT7, localized on endoplasmic reticulum membranes, might be part of a coordinated transcriptional program associated to the increased activity of the early secretory pathway, while transcriptional upregulation of several specific ZIP transporters (SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, and SLC39A11) could contribute in meeting the increased demand of zinc in cancer cells. Moreover, exon-level analysis of SLC30A9, a nuclear receptor coactivator involved in the transcriptional regulation of Wnt-responsive genes, revealed the differential expression of alternative transcripts in CRC and normal colonic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Barresi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Surgical Medical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Fondazione Mediterranea "G.B. Morgagni", Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, UOS Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Filippo Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB) - Unità di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Culturing conditions highly affect DNA methylation and gene expression levels in MCF7 breast cancer cell line. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:331-334. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang M, Saad C, Le L, Halfter K, Bauer B, Mansmann UR, Li J. Computational modeling of methionine cycle-based metabolism and DNA methylation and the implications for anti-cancer drug response prediction. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22546-22558. [PMID: 29875994 PMCID: PMC5989406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between metabolism and methylation is considered to be an important aspect of cancer development and drug efficacy. However, it remains poorly defined how to apply this aspect to improve preclinical disease characterization and clinical treatment outcome. Using available molecular information from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and literature, we constructed a large-scale knowledge-based metabolic in silico model. For the purpose of model validation, we applied data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) to investigate computationally the impact of metabolism on chemotherapy efficacy. In our model, different metabolic components such as MAT2A, ATP6V0E1, NNMT involved in methionine cycle correlate with biologically measured chemotherapy outcome (IC50) that are in agreement with findings of independent studies. These proteins are potentially also involved in cellular methylation processes. In addition, several components such as 3,4-dihydoxymandelate, PAPSS2, UPP1 from metabolic pathways involved in the production of purine and pyrimidine correlate with IC50. This study clearly demonstrates that complex computational approaches can reflect findings of biological experiments. This demonstrates their high potential to grasp complex issues within systems medicine such as response prediction, biomarker identification using available data resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Saad
- Department of Computational Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Lien Le
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bauer
- Department of Computational Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich R Mansmann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Vrba L, Futscher BW. A suite of DNA methylation markers that can detect most common human cancers. Epigenetics 2018; 13:61-72. [PMID: 29212414 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1412907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-specific DNA methylation from the tumor derived fraction of cell free DNA found in blood samples could be used for minimally invasive detection and monitoring of cancer. The knowledge of marker regions with cancer-specific DNA methylation is necessary to the success of such a process. We analyzed the largest cancer DNA methylation dataset available-TCGA Illumina HumanMethylation450 data with over 8,500 tumors-in order to find cancer-specific DNA methylation markers for most common human cancers. First, we identified differentially methylated regions for individual cancer types and those were further filtered against data from normal tissues to obtain marker regions with cancer-specific methylation, resulting in a total of 1,250 hypermethylated and 584 hypomethylated marker CpGs. From hypermethylated markers, optimal sets of six markers for each TCGA cancer type were chosen that could identify most tumors with high specificity and sensitivity [area under the curve (AUC): 0.969-1.000] and a universal 12 marker set that can detect tumors of all 33 TCGA cancer types (AUC >0.84). In addition to hundreds of new DNA methylation markers, our approach also identified markers that are in current clinical use, SEPT9 and GSTP1, indicating the validity of our approach and a significant potential utility for the newly discovered markers. The hypermethylated markers are linked to polycomb associated loci and a significant fraction of the discovered markers is within noncoding RNA genes; one of the best markers is MIR129-2. Future clinical testing of herein discovered markers will confirm new markers that will improve minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring for multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Vrba
- a The University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ 85724 , USA
| | - Bernard W Futscher
- a The University of Arizona Cancer Center , Tucson , AZ 85724 , USA.,b Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ 85724 , USA
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Suzuki T, Maeda S, Furuhata E, Shimizu Y, Nishimura H, Kishima M, Suzuki H. A screening system to identify transcription factors that induce binding site-directed DNA demethylation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:60. [PMID: 29221486 PMCID: PMC5723091 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic modification that is involved in many biological systems such as differentiation and disease. We and others recently showed that some transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the site-specific determination of DNA demethylation in a binding site-directed manner, although the reports of such TFs are limited. Results Here, we develop a screening system to identify TFs that induce binding site-directed DNA methylation changes. The system involves the ectopic expression of target TFs in model cells followed by DNA methylome analysis and overrepresentation analysis of the corresponding TF binding motif at differentially methylated regions. It successfully identified binding site-directed demethylation of SPI1, which is known to promote DNA demethylation in a binding site-directed manner. We extended our screening system to 15 master TFs involved in cellular differentiation and identified eight novel binding site-directed DNA demethylation-inducing TFs (RUNX3, GATA2, CEBPB, MAFB, NR4A2, MYOD1, CEBPA, and TBX5). Gene ontology and tissue enrichment analysis revealed that these TFs demethylate genomic regions associated with corresponding biological roles. We also describe the characteristics of binding site-directed DNA demethylation induced by these TFs, including the targeting of highly methylated CpGs, local DNA demethylation, and the overlap of demethylated regions between TFs of the same family. Conclusions Our results show the usefulness of the developed screening system for the identification of TFs that induce DNA demethylation in a site-directed manner. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-017-0169-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shiori Maeda
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Erina Furuhata
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimizu
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hajime Nishimura
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mami Kishima
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), RIKEN Yokohama Campus, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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36
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Jiang Z, Jiang J, Zhao B, Yang H, Wang Y, Guo S, Deng Y, Lu D, Ma T, Wang H, Wang J. CPNE1 silencing inhibits the proliferation, invasion and migration of human osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:643-650. [PMID: 29207139 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of the bone affecting children and adolescents. Copine 1 (CPNE1) is a highly conserved calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein and may function in regulating signal transduction and membrane trafficking. In the present study, we investigated CPNE1 expression in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and studied the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting CPNE1 on proliferation, metastasis and chemosensitivity of the osteosarcoma cells. The results demonstrated that CPNE1 was highly expressed in the osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Moreover, functional investigations confirmed that CPNE1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion and metastasis in Saos-2 and HOS cells. Western blot analysis indicated that CPNE1 silencing downregulated the expression of many proteins associated with tumorigenesis and development, including Ras, MEK-1/2, WNT1, β-catenin, cyclin A1, IRAK2 and cIAP2. In addition, CPNE1 downregulation enhanced the sensitivity of Saos-2 cells towards cisplatin and adriamycin. The present study provides deep insight into the clinical use of lentiviral-mediated CPNE1 silencing for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Jiannong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Bizeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 20023, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The 148 Central Hospital of PLA, Zibo, Shangdong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Shang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 20023, P.R. China
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Deyi Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tieliang Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Shanghai Realgen Biotech Inc., Pudong New District, Shanghai 203215, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
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Cho JH, Oezkan F, Koenig M, Otterson GA, Herman JG, He K. Epigenetic Therapeutics and Their Impact in Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:360-373. [PMID: 29503796 PMCID: PMC5831502 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Novel therapeutic developments are critically necessary to improve outcomes for this disease. Aberrant epigenetic change plays an important role in lung cancer development and progression. Therefore, drugs targeting the epigenome are being investigated in the treatment of lung cancer. Monotherapy of epigenetic therapeutics such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have so far not shown any apparent benefit while one of the clinical trials with the combinations of DNMTi and HDACi showed a small positive signal for treating lung cancer. Combinations of DNMTi and HDACi with chemotherapies have some efficacy but are often limited by increased toxicities. Preclinical data and clinical trial results suggest that combining epigenetic therapeutics with targeted therapies might potentially improve outcomes in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, several clinical studies suggest that the HDACi vorinostat could be used as a radiosensitizer in lung cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are revolutionizing lung cancer management. However, only a minority of lung cancer patients experience long-lasting benefits from immunotherapy. The role of epigenetic reprogramming in boosting the effects of immunotherapy is an area of active investigation. Preclinical studies and early clinical trial results support this approach which may improve lung cancer treatment, with potentially prolonged survival and tolerable toxicity. In this review, we discuss the current status of epigenetic therapeutics and their combination with other antineoplastic therapies, including novel immunotherapies, in lung cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Filiz Oezkan
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German
Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Koenig
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Gregory A. Otterson
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James Gordon Herman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kai He
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Tang Y, Qiao G, Xu E, Xuan Y, Liao M, Yin G. Biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and recurrence monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4527-4534. [PMID: 28979144 PMCID: PMC5602468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s142149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the management of non-small cell lung cancer, it remains to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide primarily because of diagnosis at a late stage with an overall 5-year survival rate of 17%. A reduction in mortality was achieved by low-dose computed tomography screening of high-risk patients. However, the benefit was later challenged by the high false positive rate, resulting in unnecessary follow-ups, thus entailing a burden on both the health care system and the individual. The diagnostic dilemma imposed by imaging modalities has created a need for the development of biomarkers capable of differentiating benign nodules from malignant ones. In the past decade, with the advancements in high-throughput profiling technologies, a huge amount of work has been done to derive biomarkers to supplement clinical diagnosis. However, only a few of them have efficient sensitivity and specificity to be utilized in clinical settings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of sensitive and specific means to detect and diagnose lung cancers at an early stage, when curative interventions are still possible. Due to the invasiveness of tissue biopsies and inability to capture tumor heterogeneity, nowadays enormous efforts have been invested in the development of technologies and biomarkers that enable sensitive and cost-effective testing using substrates that can be obtained in a noninvasive manner. This review, primarily focusing on liquid biopsy, summarizes all documented potential biomarkers for diagnosis, monitoring recurrence treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guibin Qiao
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Enwu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yiwen Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guilin Yin
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Li J, Li WX, Bai C, Song Y. Particulate matter-induced epigenetic changes and lung cancer. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 11:539-546. [PMID: 26403658 PMCID: PMC7310573 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cigarette smoking is the well-known risk factor for lung cancer. Epidemiological studies suggest that air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) exposure, is associated with increased lung cancer risk and mortality independent of cigarette smoking. METHODS English-language publications focusing on PM, epigenetic changes, and lung cancer were reviewed. The epigenome serves as an interface between the environment and the genome. PM is one of the environmental factors that can cause epigenetic changes. The epigenome serves as an interface between the environment and the genome. Some of the epigenetic changes lead to increased disease susceptibility and progression. In cardiovascular disease and asthma, the association between PM exposure and the disease specific epigenetic changes has been identified. In lung cancer, the epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA expression are commonly found, but the specific link between PM exposure and lung cancer remains incompletely understood. RESULTS The results of epidemiological studies indicate the important effects of PM exposure on lung cancer. PM2.5 is consistently associated with the increased lung cancer risk and mortality. Based on the epidemiological associations between PM exposure and lung cancer, PM-induced epigenetic changes may play important roles in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic changes associated with PM exposure and lung cancer. Better understanding of the link between PM exposure and lung cancer at the epigenomic level by comprehensive comparison approach may identify lung cancer early detection biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Willis X Li
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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40
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Li Y, Wang L, Ai W, He N, Zhang L, Du J, Wang Y, Mao X, Ren J, Xu D, Zhou B, Li R, Mai L. Regulation of retinoic acid synthetic enzymes by WT1 and HDAC inhibitors in 293 cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:661-672. [PMID: 28677722 PMCID: PMC5547963 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), which is mainly generated endogenously via two steps of oxidation from vitamin A (retinol), plays an indispensible role in the development of the kidney and many other organs. Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of retinol to generate atRA, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family (ALDH1)A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3, exhibit complex expression patterns at different stages of renal development. However, molecular triggers that control these differential expression levels are poorly understood. In this study, we provide in vitro evidence to demonstrate that Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) negatively regulates the expression of the atRA synthetic enzymes, ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3, in the 293 cell line, leading to significant blockage of atRA production. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the suppression of ALDH1A1 by WT1 can be markedly attenuated by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Taken together, we provide evidence to indicate that WT1 and HDACs are strong regulators of endogenous retinoic acid synthetic enzymes in 293 cells, indicating that they may be involved in the regulation of atRA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Nianhui He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases and State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Du
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Xingjian Mao
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Junqi Ren
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Liwen Mai
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital/Affiliated Shenzhen Sixth Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
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Aporntewan C, Mutirangura A. Connection up- and down-regulation expression analysis of microarrays (CU-DREAM): a physiogenomic discovery tool. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0502.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Many microarray experiments have been conducted during recent years, and scores of gene expression data have been archived in public databases. The use of data from multiple experiments can provide valuable information. However, there is a lack of convenient tools to compare datasets in this manner.
Objective: Implement software, called CU-DREAM, to compare the datasets of two microarray experiments. CUDREAM is easy to use and compatible with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).
Subjects and methods: Five experiments were used to demonstrate the functionality of CU-DREAM. These are GSE6791, GSE7803, GSE5816, GSE4246, and GSE13638 for studies of cancers and RNA interference.
Results: All six showcases demonstrated the validity of the CU-DREAM approach. One showcase could confirm the regulation of genes identified in two independent experiments on cervical cancer. The statistical significance was lower compared with cervical and lung cancers. In addition, CU-DREAM could identify isoform changes in lung cancer. The last showcase demonstrated that Dicer- and Ago2-depleted cells or Dicer-depleted HeLa and HEK293 cells shared the same gene regulation pathways. CU-DREAM had seven main functions: 1) to identify genes that are up- and down-regulated in an experiment, 2) to validate significantly regulated genes using data from another experiment, 3) to determine if two different diseases have a similar effect on gene regulation, 4) to identify isoform-changed genes, 5) to determine if cells share gene regulation mechanisms, 6) to identify common gene regulation pathways even when comparing two different cell types, and 7) to identify down-stream genes that are regulated by the conditions of the analyzed experiments.
Conclusion: CU-DREAM is an effective tool for the pre-screening of drugs, substances or environmental insults or the identification of the genetic changes that are associated with pathological conditions (CU-DREAM can be downloaded from: http://pioneer.netserv.chula.ac.th/~achatcha/cu-dream).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchawit Aporntewan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Feng N, Wang Y, Zheng M, Yu X, Lin H, Ma RN, Shi O, Zheng X, Gao M, Yu H, Garmire L, Qian B. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and their associations with long noncoding RNA/mRNA expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Epigenomics 2017; 9:137-153. [PMID: 28111977 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study is to identify differentially methylated (DM) loci associated with long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)/mRNA expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS & METHODS Microarrays were used to interrogate genome-wide methylation and expression of lncRNA/mRNA in NSCLC. RESULTS We identified 113,644 DM loci between tumors and adjacent tissues. Among them, 26,310 DM loci were associated with 1685 differentially expressed genes, and 839 genes had significant correlations between methylation and expression, of which 26 hypermethylated loci in transcription start site 200 were correlated with low gene expression. We validated the correlations between methylation and expression in five genes (CDO1, C2orf40, SCARF1, ZFP106 and IFFO1) using pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also found significant correlations between lncRNAs and mRNAs, and validated four of the correlations with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION Integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and lncRNA/mRNA expression allows us to identify new DM loci-correlated with gene expression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Feng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong-Na Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Oumin Shi
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lana Garmire
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital & Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Analysis of Microarray Data on Gene Expression and Methylation to Identify Long Non-coding RNAs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37233. [PMID: 27849024 PMCID: PMC5110979 DOI: 10.1038/srep37233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify what long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed microarray data on gene expression and methylation. Gene expression chip and HumanMethylation450BeadChip were used to interrogate genome-wide expression and methylation in tumor samples. Differential expression and methylation were analyzed through comparing tumors with adjacent non-tumor tissues. LncRNAs expressed differentially and correlated with coding genes and DNA methylation were validated in additional tumor samples using RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing. In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate lncRNA’s effects on tumor cells. We identified 8,500 lncRNAs expressed differentially between tumor and non-tumor tissues, of which 1,504 were correlated with mRNA expression. Two of the lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, were positively correlated with expression of two cancer-related genes, KPNA2 and RCC2, respectively. High expression of LOC146880 and ENST00000439577 were also associated with poor survival. Analysis of lncRNA expression in relation to DNA methylation showed that LOC146880 expression was down-regulated by DNA methylation in its promoter. Lowering the expression of LOC146880 or ENST00000439577 in tumor cells could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Analysis of microarray data on gene expression and methylation allows us to identify two lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, which may promote the progression of NSCLC.
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Liu J, Zhu H, Zhong N, Jiang Z, Xu L, Deng Y, Jiang Z, Wang H, Wang J. Gene silencing of USP1 by lentivirus effectively inhibits proliferation and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2549-2557. [PMID: 27840911 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant bone tumor, affecting the extremities of adolescents and young adults. Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) plays a critical role in many cellular processes including proteasome degradation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation. In the present study, we discovered that USP1 was overexpressed in 26 out of 30 osteosarcoma tissues compared to cartilage tumor tissues and normal bone tissues. We then constructed a lentiviral vector mediating RNA interference (RNAi) targeting USP1 and demonstrated that it significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of the USP1 gene in U2OS cells. Knockdown of USP1 inhibited the growth and colony-forming, as well as significantly reduced the invasiveness of U2OS cells. Western blot analysis indicated that suppression of USP1 downregulated the expression of many proteins including SIK2, MMP-2, GSK-3β, Bcl-2, Stat3, cyclin E1, Notch1, Wnt-1 and cyclin A1. Most of these proteins are associated with tumor genesis and development. RNAi of SIK2 significantly decreased SIK2 protein expression and inhibited the ability of forming colonies, as well as induced apoptosis and reduced the invasiveness of U2OS cells. Collectively, our results suggest that silencing USP1 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in U2OS cells. Therefore, USP1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Zifeng Jiang
- Clinical Laboratories, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Yixing City, Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
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Wang XZ, Cheng Y, Wang KL, Liu R, Yang XL, Wen HM, Chai C, Liang JY, Wu H. Peperomin E reactivates silenced tumor suppressor genes in lung cancer cells by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1506-1519. [PMID: 27501331 PMCID: PMC5084666 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced lung cancer has poor prognosis owing to its low sensitivity to current chemotherapy agents. Therefore, discovery of new therapeutic agents is urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of peperomin E, a secolignan isolated from Peperomia dindygulensis, a frequently used Chinese folk medicine for lung cancer treatment. The results indicate that peperomin E has antiproliferative effects, promoting apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner, while showing lower toxicity against normal human lung epidermal cells. Peperomin E inhibited tumor growth in A549 xenograft BALB/c nude mice without significant secondary adverse effects, indicating that it may be safely used to treat NSCLC. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of peperomin E have been investigated. Using an in silico target fishing method, we observed that peperomin E directly interacts with the active domain of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), potentially affecting its genome methylation activity. Subsequent experiments verified that peperomin E decreased DNMT1 activity and expression, thereby decreasing global methylation and reactivating the epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes including RASSF1A,APC,RUNX3, and p16INK4, which in turn activates their mediated pro‐apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory signaling pathways in lung cancer cells. The observations herein report for the first time that peperomin E is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for NSCLC. The anticancer effects of peperomin E may be partly attributable to its ability to demethylate and reactivate methylation‐silenced tumor suppressor genes through direct inhibition of the activity and expression of DNMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kui-Long Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Chai
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Sawanyawisuth K, Tantapotinan N, Wongkham C, Riggins GJ, Kraiklang R, Wongkham S, Puapairoj A. Suppression of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 enhances proliferation and migration in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15:71-81. [PMID: 26626643 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1184223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) or tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2) is a 36-kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein and exerts dual functions as an oncogene and tumor suppressor in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of TROP2 in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). MATERIAL AND METHODS TROP2 expression in 85 CCA tissues was detected by using immunohistochemistry. The methylation status of TROP2 promoter was studied in 15 matched pairs of normal and CCA formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues using the bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS) method. The functions of TROP2 on cancer cell behavior were investigated using siRNA in CCA cell lines. Proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed. A PCR array was used to evaluate the impact of TROP2 knockdown on the gene expression profiles. RESULTS TROP2 was highly expressed in all normal bile duct epithelia, but significantly down-regulated in CCA cells. Sixty percent of CCA revealed promoter hypermethylation compared to the corresponding adjacent normal tissues. TROP2 knockdown significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration in CCA cell lines, and altered the expressions of MARCK, EMP1 and FILIP1L. CONCLUSION We provide new evidence that TROP2 is epigenetically down-regulated and operates as a negative regulator of cell proliferation and migration in liver fluke-associated CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Tantapotinan
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gregory J Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ratthaphol Kraiklang
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anucha Puapairoj
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Niwa O, Barcellos-Hoff MH, Globus RK, Harrison JD, Hendry JH, Jacob P, Martin MT, Seed TM, Shay JW, Story MD, Suzuki K, Yamashita S. ICRP Publication 131: Stem Cell Biology with Respect to Carcinogenesis Aspects of Radiological Protection. Ann ICRP 2016; 44:7-357. [PMID: 26637346 DOI: 10.1177/0146645315595585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a review of stem cells/progenitor cells and their responses to ionising radiation in relation to issues relevant to stochastic effects of radiation that form a major part of the International Commission on Radiological Protection's system of radiological protection. Current information on stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in stem cell 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is presented in a series of substantial reviews as annexes concerning haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. This foundation of knowledge of stem cells is used in the main text of the report to provide a biological insight into issues such as the linear-no-threshold (LNT) model, cancer risk among tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. Knowledge of the biology and associated radiation biology of stem cells and progenitor cells is more developed in tissues that renew fairly rapidly, such as haematopoietic tissue, intestinal mucosa, and epidermis, although all the tissues considered here possess stem cell populations. Important features of stem cell maintenance, renewal, and response are the microenvironmental signals operating in the niche residence, for which a well-defined spatial location has been identified in some tissues. The identity of the target cell for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive stem cell population that is mostly quiescent, and hence able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy. In addition, there is some potential for daughter progenitor cells to be target cells in particular cases, such as in haematopoietic tissue and in skin. Several biological processes could contribute to protecting stem cells from mutation accumulation: (a) accurate DNA repair; (b) rapidly induced death of injured stem cells; (c) retention of the DNA parental template strand during divisions in some tissue systems, so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells and not retained in the parental cell; and (d) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the niche. DNA repair mainly occurs within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell competition requires weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. The aforementioned processes may contribute to the differences in carcinogenic radiation risk values between tissues, and may help to explain why a rapidly replicating tissue such as small intestine is less prone to such risk. The processes also provide a mechanistic insight relevant to the LNT model, and the relative and absolute risk models. The radiobiological knowledge also provides a scientific insight into discussions of the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor currently used in radiological protection guidelines. In addition, the biological information contributes potential reasons for the age-dependent sensitivity to radiation carcinogenesis, including the effects of in-utero exposure.
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Powrózek T, Krawczyk P, Kuźnar-Kamińska B, Batura-Gabryel H, Milanowski J. Analysis of RTEL1 and PCDHGB6 promoter methylation in circulating-free DNA of lung cancer patients using liquid biopsy: A pilot study. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:307-13. [DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1214191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Powrózek
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology, and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Krawczyk
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology, and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Halina Batura-Gabryel
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology, and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology, and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Kuo IY, Jen J, Hsu LH, Hsu HS, Lai WW, Wang YC. A prognostic predictor panel with DNA methylation biomarkers for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma in Asian and Caucasian populations. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:58. [PMID: 27484806 PMCID: PMC4969679 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is increasing worldwide with different prognosis even in early-stage patients. We aimed to identify a prognostic panel with multiple DNA methylation biomarkers to predict survival in early-stage LUAD patients of different racial groups. Methods The methylation array, pyrosequencing methylation assay, Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to build the risk score equations of selected probes in a training cohort of 69 Asian LUAD patients. The risk score model was verified in another cohort of 299 Caucasian LUAD patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Results We performed a Cox regression analysis, in which the regression coefficients were obtained for eight probes corresponding to eight genes (AGTRL1, ALDH1A3, BDKRB1, CTSE, EFNA2, NFAM1, SEMA4A and TMEM129). The risk score was derived from sum of each methylated probes multiplied by its corresponding coefficient. Patients with the risk score greater than the median value showed poorer overall survival compared with other patients (p = 0.007). Such a risk score significantly predicted patients showing poor survival in TCGA cohort (p = 0.036). A multivariate analysis was further performed to demonstrate that the eight-probe panel association with poor outcome in early-stage LUAD patients remained significant even after adjusting for different clinical variables including staging parameters (hazard ratio, 2.03; p = 0.039). Conclusions We established a proof-of-concept prognostic panel consisting of eight-probe signature to predict survival of early-stage LUAD patients of Asian and Caucasian populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0276-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jayu Jen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Huei Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Wei Lai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng Li Road, Tainan, 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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Kim MC, Kim NY, Seo YR, Kim Y. An Integrated Analysis of the Genome-Wide Profiles of DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression Defining the Side Population of a Human Malignant Mesothelioma Cell Line. J Cancer 2016; 7:1668-1679. [PMID: 27698904 PMCID: PMC5039388 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a hallmark of all cancers and functions as the major barrier against effective cancer therapy. In contrast to genetic mutations, the role of epigenetic modifications in the generation and maintenance of heterogeneous cancer cells remains largely undetermined. This study was performed to evaluate the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the tumor cell heterogeneity using side population (SP) and non-SP cells isolated from a human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) cell line. The subpopulations of cancer cells were analyzed by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq) and RNA-seq methodology. The RNA-seq data were analyzed with the MeDIP-seq data in an integrated way to identify the epigenetically modified genes that defined the SP. Concomitant changes in mRNA expression and DNA methylation were found in 122 genes, including 118 down-regulated genes with hypermethylation and 4 up-regulated genes with hypomethylation. Gene ontology revealed that a large portion of the genes belonged to the groups of biological processes such as stem cell maintenance, stem cell development, stem cell differentiation, and the negative regulation of the developmental process. Among these genes, BNC1, RPS6KA3, TWSG1 and DUSP15 contained aberrant methylation in the CpG islands of the promoter region, indicating that the genes regulated by DNA methylation characterized a distinct subpopulation of HMM cells. The present study provided valuable information to shed light on the epigenetic contributions to the generation and maintenance of tumor cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Chul Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.; BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Yon Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.; BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yongbaek Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea.; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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