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Zhou A, Zhang W, Ge X, Liu Q, Luo F, Xu S, Hu W, Lu Y. Characterizing genetic variation on the Z chromosome in Schistosoma japonicum reveals host-parasite co-evolution. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:207. [PMID: 38720339 PMCID: PMC11080191 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide; it is caused by Schistosoma, the only dioecious flukes with ZW systems. Schistosoma japonicum is endemic to Asia; the Z chromosome of S. japonicum comprises one-quarter of the entire genome. Detection of positive selection using resequencing data to understand adaptive evolution has been applied to a variety of pathogens, including S. japonicum. However, the contribution of the Z chromosome to evolution and adaptation is often neglected. METHODS We obtained 1,077,526 high-quality SNPs on the Z chromosome in 72 S. japonicum using re-sequencing data publicly. To examine the faster Z effect, we compared the sequence divergence of S. japonicum with two closely related species, Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni. Genetic diversity was compared between the Z chromosome and autosomes in S. japonicum by calculating the nucleotide diversity (π) and Dxy values. Population structure was also assessed based on PCA and structure analysis. Besides, we employed multiple methods including Tajima's D, FST, iHS, XP-EHH, and CMS to detect positive selection signals on the Z chromosome. Further RNAi knockdown experiments were performed to investigate the potential biological functions of the candidate genes. RESULTS Our study found that the Z chromosome of S. japonicum showed faster evolution and more pronounced genetic divergence than autosomes, although the effect may be smaller than the variation among genes. Compared with autosomes, the Z chromosome in S. japonicum had a more pronounced genetic divergence of sub-populations. Notably, we identified a set of candidate genes associated with host-parasite co-evolution. In particular, LCAT exhibited significant selection signals within the Taiwan population. Further RNA interference experiments suggested that LCAT is necessary for S. japonicum survival and propagation in the definitive host. In addition, we identified several genes related to the specificity of the intermediate host in the C-M population, including Rab6 and VCP, which are involved in adaptive immune evasion to the host. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of the Z chromosome in S. japonicum and further advances our understanding of the co-evolution of this medically important parasite and its hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xueling Ge
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Sun HY, Zhang JY, Zhang HX, Xu Q, Lu DB. Genetic difference between two Schistosoma japonicum isolates with contrasting cercarial shedding patterns revealed by whole genome sequencing. Parasite 2023; 30:59. [PMID: 38084940 PMCID: PMC10714679 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum is one of the major infectious agents of human schistosomiasis, mainly endemic in China and the Philippines. We have previously reported the finding of two schistosome isolates, each with a different cercarial emergence pattern adapted to their different hosts. However, there are currently no whole-genome sequencing studies to investigate the underlining genetics of the adaptive traits. We sampled schistosomes in 2013 and 2020 from a hilly area Shitai (ST) and a marshland area Hexian (HX) of Anhui, China. Ten to 15 male or female adult worms from each site/year were sent for whole genome sequencing. Genetics were analyzed, and selection signals along genomes were detected. Gene enrichment analysis was performed for the genome regions under selection. The results revealed considerable genetic differentiation between the two isolates. The genome "windows" affected by natural selection were fewer in ST (64 windows containing 78 genes) than in HX (318 windows containing 276 genes). Twelve significantly enriched genes were identified in ST, but none in HX. These genes were mainly related to specific DNA binding and intercellular signaling transduction. Some functional region changes identified along the genome of the hilly schistosome may be related to its unique late afternoon cercarial emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Sun
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Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University 199 RenAi Road, Industrial Park Avenue Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Jie-Ying Zhang
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Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University 199 RenAi Road, Industrial Park Avenue Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhang
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Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University 199 RenAi Road, Industrial Park Avenue Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Qing Xu
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Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University 199 RenAi Road, Industrial Park Avenue Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
| | - Da-Bing Lu
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Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University 199 RenAi Road, Industrial Park Avenue Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 PR China
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Luo F, Yang W, Yin M, Mo X, Pang Y, Sun C, Zhu B, Zhang W, Yi C, Li Z, Wang J, Xu B, Feng Z, Huang Y, Lu Y, Hu W. A chromosome-level genome of the human blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum identifies the genomic basis of host-switching. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110638. [PMID: 35385741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution and adaptation of S. japonicum, a zoonotic parasite that causes human schistosomiasis, remain unclear because of the lack of whole-genome data. We construct a chromosome-level S. japonicum genome and analyze it together with 72 samples representing six populations of the entire endemic region. We observe a Taiwan zoophilic lineage splitting from zoonotic populations ∼45,000 years ago, consistent with the divergent history of their intermediate hosts. Interestingly, we detect a severe population bottleneck in S. japonicum, largely coinciding with human history in Asia during the last glacial maximum. We identify several genomic regions underlying natural selection, including GATAD2A and Lmln, both showing remarkable differentiation among different areas. RNAi knockdown suggests association of GATAD2A with parasite development and infection in definitive hosts, while Lmln relates to the specificity of the intermediate hosts. Our study provides insights into the evolution of S. japonicum and serves as a resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbo Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Pang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengsong Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkuan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun Yi
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhidan Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jipeng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC) and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of China Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology on Parasite-host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Fudan University, Shanghai, China; College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China.
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Liu S, Piao X, Hou N, Cai P, Ma Y, Chen Q. Duplex real-time PCR for sexing Schistosoma japonicum cercariae based on W chromosome-specific genes and its applications. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008609. [PMID: 32822351 PMCID: PMC7467314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a unique feature among otherwise hermaphroditic trematodes, Schistosoma species are gonochoric parasites whose sex is genetically determined (ZZ for males and ZW for females). However, schistosome larvae are morphologically identical, and sex can only be discriminated by molecular methods. Here, we integrated published Schistosoma. japonicum transcriptome and genome data to identify W chromosome-specific genes as sex biomarkers. Three W chromosome-specific genes of S. japonicum were identified as sex biomarkers from a panel of 12 genes expressed only in females. An efficient duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) method for sexing cercariae was developed which could identify the sex of cercariae within 2 h without DNA extraction. Moreover, this method can be used to identify not only single-sex but also mixed-sex schistosome-infected snails. We observed a nearly equal proportion of single-male, single-female, and mixed-sex schistosome infections in artificially infected snails. Sex-known schistosome-infected snail models can be efficiently constructed with the aid of duplex qPCR. A field study revealed that single-sex schistosome infections were predominant among naturally infected snails. Finally, a schistosomiasis mouse model based on sex-known cercariae infection was shown to be more reliable than a model based on sex-unknown cercariae infection. The developed duplex qPCR method for sexing S. japonicum cercariae can be widely used for schistosomiasis modeling, genetic experiments, and field-based molecular epidemiological studies. Schistosoma japonicum is a major causative agent of human schistosomiasis. Unlike other parasitic worms, S. japonicum females are determined by the heterogametic sex chromosome (ZW) and males by the homogametic sex chromosome (ZZ). The life cycle of S. japonicum includes the egg, miracidium, mother sporocyst, daughter sporocyst, cercaria, schistosomulum, and adult stages. The sex of adult male and female worms can be morphologically distinguished, whereas the sex of larvae, such as cercariae, can only be discriminated by molecular methods. In this study, we established an efficient duplex real-time PCR method for sexing S. japonicum cercariae based on newly identified W chromosome-specific genes. The established duplex real-time PCR method will facilitate construction of sex-controlled schistosome-infected intermediate host or definitive host models for schistosome-host interplays and schistosomiasis studies. This method is also a powerful tool for investigating the epidemiology of single-sex and mixed-sex schistosome-infected snails in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SL); (QC)
| | - Xianyu Piao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SL); (QC)
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Gu MJ, Li YW, Emery AM, Li SZ, Jiang YZ, Dong HF, Zhao QP. The genetic variation of different developmental stages of Schistosoma japonicum: do the distribution in snails and pairing preference benefit the transmission? Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:360. [PMID: 32690109 PMCID: PMC7372819 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04240-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum is a waterborne parasite that causes schistosomiasis in humans and in more than 40 animal species. Schistosoma japonicum shows distinct genetic differentiation among geographical populations and multiple hosts, but the genetic diversity of different developmental stages of S. japonicum from is less studied. Such studies could elucidate ecological mechanisms in disease transmission by analysing feedbacks in individual physiology and population state. METHODS After infection using cercariae from a pool of snails shedding together (Method I) and infection using mixed equal numbers of cercariae from individually shed snails (Method II), different developmental stages of S. japonicum were genotyped with microsatellite loci, including 346 cercariae, 701 adult worms and 393 miracidia. Genetic diversity and molecular variation were calculated at different population levels. Kinships (I') among cercariae at intra-snail and inter-snail levels were evaluated. Genetic distance (Dsw) was compared between paired and unpaired worms, and partner changing was investigated through paternity identification for miracidia. RESULTS The cercaria clones in individual snails varied from 1 to 8 and the kinship of cercariae within individual snails was significant higher (P < 0.001) than that among different snails after deleting near-identical multi-locus genotypes (niMLGs). The allelic diversity of worms in Method I was lower (P < 0.001) than that in Method II, and allele frequency among mice in Method I was also less consistent. The parents of some miracidia were worms that were not paired when collected. The Dsw between each female of paired and unpaired males was much larger (P < 0.001) than that between the female and male in each pair. CONCLUSIONS Most of the infected snails contained multiple miracidia clones. The aggregation of genetically similar S. japonicum miracidia in individual snails and the unbalanced distribution of miracidia among snails suggests a non-uniform genetic distribution of cercariae among snails in the field. This further influenced the genetic structure of adult worms from infections with different cercariae sampling methods. Schistosoma japonicum in mice can change paired partner, preferring to mate with genetically similar worms. These characteristics provide implications for understanding the balance in genetic diversity of S. japonicum related to the transmission of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Gu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Aidan M. Emery
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yong-Zhong Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Hui-Fen Dong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
| | - Qin-Ping Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071 Hubei China
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Qiu YY, Gao Y, Li Y, Ma XX, Lv QB, Hu Y, Qiu HY, Chang QC, Wang CR. Comparative analyses of complete ribosomal DNA sequences of Clonorchis sinensis and Metorchis orientalis: IGS sequences may provide a novel genetic marker for intraspecific variation. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104125. [PMID: 31770595 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both Clonorchis sinensis and Metorchis orientalis are the fish-borne zoonotic trematodes, and have a wide distribution of southeastern Asia, especially in China. Due to the similar morphology, life cycle, and parasitic positions are difficult to differentiate between both metacercariae. In the present study, the complete rDNA sequences of five C. sinensis and five M. orientalis were obtained and compared for the first time. And the IGS rDNA sequences were tested as a genetic marker. The results showed complete rDNA lengths of C. sinensis were range from 8049 bp to 8391 bp, including 1991 bp, 1116 bp, 3854 bp, and 1088-1430 bp belonging to 18S, ITS, 28S and IGS, respectively. And the complete rDNA lengths of M. orientalis were range from 7881 bp to 9355 bp, including 1991 bp, 1077 bp, 3856 bp, and 957-2431 bp belonging to 18S, ITS, 28S and IGS, respectively. Comparative analyses reveal length difference main in IGS, which has higher intraspecific and interspecific variations than other ribosomal regions. Forty four repeat (forward and inverted) sequences were found in the complete rDNAs of C. sinensis and M. orientalis. The phylogenetic analyses showed that the sequences of ITS1, ITS2, 18S and 28S could be used as different level genetic markers. In IGS phylogenetic tree, Opisthorchiidae, Paramphistomidae, Dicrocoeliidae, and Schistosomatidae formed monophyletic groups, and the same length sequences were clustered together in the same species. These findings of the present study provide the new molecular data for studying the complete rDNA of C. sinensis and M. orientalis, and indicate IGS sequences may used as a novel genetic marker for studying intraspecific variation in trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yuan Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qing-Bo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
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High throughput data analyses of the immune characteristics of Microtus fortis infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11311. [PMID: 28900150 PMCID: PMC5595801 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtus fortis exhibits natural resistance against Schistosoma japonicum, and the parasite cannot grow and develop in M. fortis. Extensive research has been carried out, however, the associated mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we analysed the combined data obtained from a cytokine chip assay, transcriptome, and metabolome. The cytokine profile from C57BL/6 and M. fortis mice was assessed before and after infection. Several cytokines increased during the second and third week post-infection. Some transcripts related to cytokine genes and associated proteins were also highly expressed (i.e., Hgf, C3, and Lbp). The liver metabolism of M. fortis following infection with S. japonicum was assessed. We identified 25 different metabolites between the uninfected and infected M. fortis, and 22 different metabolites between infected M. fortis and C57BL/6 mice. The metabolomic pathways of these differential metabolites were then analysed with MetPA, revealing that they were involved in histidine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosyntheses, and lysine degradation. Thus, the elevated expression of these metabolites and pathways may promote the phagocytic function of the neutrophils and natural killer cell activity following TLR activation. These results provide novel insight into the resistance mechanism of M. fortis against S. japonicum.
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Signatures of mito-nuclear discordance in Schistosoma turkestanicum indicate a complex evolutionary history of emergence in Europe. Parasitology 2017; 144:1752-1762. [PMID: 28747240 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High levels of molecular diversity were identified in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (cox1) gene sequences of Schistosoma turkestanicum from Hungary. These cox1 sequences were all specific to Hungary which contrasted with the low levels of diversity seen in the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequences, the majority of which were shared between China and Iran isolates. Measures of within and between host molecular variation within S. turkestanicum showed there to be substantial differences in molecular diversity, with cox1 being significantly more diverse than the ITS. Measures of haplotype frequencies revealed that each host contained its own subpopulation of genetically unique parasites with significant levels of differentiation. Pairwise mismatch analysis of cox1 sequences indicated S. turkestanicum populations to have a bimodal pairwise difference distribution and to be stable unlike the ITS sequences, which appeared to have undergone a recent population expansion event. Positive selection was also detected in the cox1 sequences, and biochemical modelling of the resulting protein illustrated significant mutational events causing an alteration to the isoelectric point of the cox1 protein, potentially altering metabolism. The evolutionary signature from the cox1 indicates local adaptation and long establishment of S. turkestanicum in Hungary with continual introgression of nuclear genes from Asian isolates. These processes have led to the occurrence of mito-nuclear discordance in a schistosome population.
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Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of Eurytrema pancreaticum. J Helminthol 2017; 92:484-490. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEurytrema pancreaticum is one of the most common trematodes of cattle and sheep, and also infects humans occasionally, causing great economic losses and medical costs. In this study, the sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat units of five E. pancreaticum individuals were determined for the first time. They were 8306–8310 bp in length, including the small subunit (18S) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), large subunit (28S) rDNA and intergenic spacer (IGS). There were no length variations in any of the investigated 18S (1996 bp), ITS1 (1103 bp), 5.8S (160 bp), ITS2 (231 bp) or 28S (3669 bp) rDNA sequences, whereas the IGS rDNA sequences of E. pancreaticum had a 4-bp length variation, ranging from 1147 to 1151 bp. The intraspecific variations within E. pancreaticum were 0–0.2% for 18S rDNA, 0–0.5% for ITS1, 0% for 5.8S rDNA and ITS2, 0–0.2% for 28S rDNA and 2.9–20.2% for IGS. There were nine types of repeat sequences in ITS1, two types in 28S rDNA, but none in IGS. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequences classified E. pancreaticum in the family Dicrocoeliidae of Plagiorchiata, closely related to the suborder Opisthorchiata. These results provide useful information for the further study of Dicrocoeliidae trematodes.
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Li Y, Yin M, Wu Q, McManus DP, Blair D, Li H, Xu B, Mo X, Feng Z, Hu W. Genetic diversity and selection of three nuclear genes in Schistosoma japonicum populations. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:87. [PMID: 28212676 PMCID: PMC5316221 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood fluke, Schistosoma japonicum still causes severe disease in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Although there have been some studies the molecular epidemiology of this persistent and harmful parasite, few have explored the possibility and implications of selection in S. japonicum populations. METHODS We analyzed diversity and looked for evidence of selection at three nuclear genes (SjIpp2, SjFabp and SjT22.6) in 13 S. japonicum populations. RESULTS SjT22.6 was found to exhibit high nucleotide diversity and was under positive selection in the mountainous region of mainland China. As a tegumental protein, its secondary and tertiary structure differed between S. japonicum strains from the mountainous and lakes regions. In contrast, SjIpp2 and SjFabp had relatively low levels of nucleotide diversity and did not show significant departure from neutrality. CONCLUSIONS As a tegument-associated antigen-encoding gene of S. japonicum, SjT22.6 has high nucleotide diversity and appears to be under positive selection in the mountainous region of mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbo Yin
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunfeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - David Blair
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaojin Mo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025 China
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The dynamic changes of CD3e -CD11c + dendritic cells in spleens and bone marrow of mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1007-1011. [PMID: 28185057 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum as a pathogeny requires dendritic cells to activate immune response. So, the research is to study the dynamic changes of CD3e-CD11c+ dendritic cells in mice infected with S. japonicum. Zero, 7, 28, 35, and 63 days were selected to study the variation of dendritic cells, and the proportions of CD3e-CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD86+ mature dendritic cells in spleens and bone marrow were tested by flow cytometry. As a result, the variation trends of dendritic cells in spleen and bone marrow are similar as follows: the proportions of CD3e-CD11c+ dendritic cells increased first and then decreased from day 35, but the percentages of CD86+ mature dendritic cells decreased from day 28 and increased in day 63. In vitro, cultured dendritic cells treated with SEA and SAWA were tested by flow cytometry, the variation trends of CD86 on dendritic cells are consistent with the results in days 28 and 63. Besides CD86, the expression of MHC-II also hints immune regulation. In conclusion, it is speculated that dendritic cells play a role of immune regulation through MHC-II and CD86 in S. japonicum infection. Immune regulation of dendritic cells is not only in favor of the survival of host and parasite but also can be used in the therapy for immune diseases.
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Gao SJ, Cao HH, He YY, Liu YJ, Zhang XY, Yang GJ, Zhou XN. The basic reproductive ratio of Barbour's two-host schistosomiasis model with seasonal fluctuations. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:42. [PMID: 28122646 PMCID: PMC5264280 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-1983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Motivated by the first mathematical model for schistosomiasis proposed by Macdonald and Barbour’s classical schistosomiasis model tracking the dynamics of infected human population and infected snail hosts in a community, in our previous study, we incorporated seasonal fluctuations into Barbour’s model, but ignored the effect of bovine reservoir host in the transmission of schistosomiasis. Inspired by the findings from our previous work, the model was further improved by integrating two definitive hosts (human and bovine) and seasonal fluctuations, so as to understand the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis japonica and evaluate the ongoing control measures in Liaonan village, Xingzi County, Jiangxi Province. Methods The basic reproductive ratio R0 and its computation formulae were derived by using the operator theory in functional analysis and the monodromy matrix theory. The mathematical methods for global dynamics of periodic systems were used in order to show that R0 serves as a threshold value that determines whether there was disease outbreak or not. The parameter fitting and the ratio calculation were performed with surveillance data obtained from the village of Liaonan using numerical simulation. Sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to understand the impact of R0 on seasonal fluctuations and snail host control. The modified basic reproductive ratios were compared with known results to illustrate the infection risk. Results The Barbour’s two-host model with seasonal fluctuations was proposed. The implicit expression of R0 for the model was given by the spectral radius of next infection operator. The R0s for the model ranged between 1.030 and 1.097 from 2003 to 2010 in the village of Liaonan, Xingzi County, China, with 1.097 recorded as the maximum value in 2005 but declined dramatically afterwards. In addition, we proved that the disease goes into extinction when R0 is less than one and persists when R0 is greater than one. Comparisons of the different improved models were also made. Conclusions Based on the mechanism and characteristics of schistosomiasis transmission, Barbour’s model was improved by considering seasonality. The implicit formula of R0 for the model and its calculation were given. Theoretical results showed that R0 gave a sharp threshold that determines whether the disease dies out or not. Simulations concluded that: (i) ignoring seasonality would overestimate the transmission risk of schistosomiasis, and (ii) mollusiciding is an effective control measure to curtail schistosomiasis transmission in Xingzi County when the removal rate of infected snails is small. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1983-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Gao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Hua-Hua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yu-Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Numerical Simulation and Emulation Techniques, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Guo-Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Key Laboratory on Control Technology for Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China.,Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yin M, Liu X, Xu B, Huang J, Zheng Q, Yang Z, Feng Z, Han ZG, Hu W. Genetic variation between Schistosoma japonicum lineages from lake and mountainous regions in China revealed by resequencing whole genomes. Acta Trop 2016; 161:79-85. [PMID: 27207135 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schistosoma infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Schistosomiasis japonica is endemic in mainland China along the Yangtze River, typically distributed in two geographical categories of lake and mountainous regions. Study on schistosome genetic diversity is of interest in respect of understanding parasite biology and transmission, and formulating control strategy. Certain genetic variations may be associated with adaptations to different ecological habitats. The aim of this study is to gain insight into Schistosoma japonicum genetic variation, evolutionary origin and associated causes of different geographic lineages through examining homozygous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) based on resequenced genome data. We collected S. japonicum samples from four sites, three in the lake regions (LR) of mid-east (Guichi and Tonglin in Anhui province, Laogang in Hunan province) and one in mountainous region (MR) (Xichang in Sichuan province) of south-west of China, resequenced their genomes using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, and made use of the available database of S. japonicum draft genomic sequence as a reference in genome mapping. A total of 14,575 SNPs from 2059 genes were identified in the four lineages. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed significant genetic variation exhibited between the different geographical lineages, and further revealed that the MR Xichang lineage is phylogenetically closer to LR Guich lineage than to other two LR lineages, and the MR lineage might be evolved from LR lineages. More than two thirds of detected SNPs were nonsynonymous; functional annotation of the SNP-containing genes showed that they are involved mainly in biological processes such as signaling and response to stimuli. Notably, unique nonsynonymous SNP variations were detected in 66 genes of MR lineage, inferring possible genetic adaption to mountainous ecological condition.
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Blasco-Costa I, Cutmore SC, Miller TL, Nolan MJ. Molecular approaches to trematode systematics: ‘best practice’ and implications for future study. Syst Parasitol 2016; 93:295-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s11230-016-9631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Yin M, Li H, Blair D, Xu B, Feng Z, Hu W. Temporal genetic diversity of Schistosoma japonicum in two endemic sites in China revealed by microsatellite markers. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:36. [PMID: 26800884 PMCID: PMC4724141 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases. The causative agent of schistosomiasis in China, Schistosoma japonicum, has long been a major public health problem. An understanding of fundamental evolutionary and genetic processes in this species has major implications for its control and elimination. Intensive control efforts have greatly reduced the incidence of schistosomiasis in China, but little is known about the genetic consequences of these efforts. METHODS To investigate this, we sampled twice (years 2003 and 2011) from two endemic regions where populations of S. japonicum had persisted despite control efforts and genotyped these samples using ten microsatellite markers. Our main hypothesis was that parasite genetic diversity would be greatly reduced across this time period. CONCLUSIONS There was no apparent reduction in allelic diversity, and a non-significant reduction in clonal diversity in these parasite populations between 2003 and 2011. We did, however, detect temporal genetic differentiation among the samples. Such a significant temporal genetic variation of S. japonicum populations has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - David Blair
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yin M, Zheng HX, Su J, Feng Z, McManus DP, Zhou XN, Jin L, Hu W. Co-dispersal of the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum and Homo sapiens in the Neolithic Age. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18058. [PMID: 26686813 PMCID: PMC4685303 DOI: 10.1038/srep18058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of human infectious diseases is of considerable public health and biomedical interest. Little is known about the relationship between the distribution of ancient parasites and that of their human hosts. Schistosoma japonicum is one of the three major species of schistosome blood flukes causing the disease of schistosomiasis in humans. The parasite is prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, including the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and Indonesia. We studied the co-expansion of S. japonicum and its human definitive host. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences showed that S. japonicum radiated from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the mountainous areas of China, Japan and Southeast Asia. In addition, the parasite experienced two population expansions during the Neolithic agriculture era, coinciding with human migration and population growth. The data indicate that the advent of rice planting likely played a key role in the spread of schistosomiasis in Asia. Moreover, the presence of different subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis intermediate host snails in different localities in Asia allowed S. japonicum to survive in new rice-planting areas, and concurrently drove the intraspecies divergence of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donald P. McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, SIBS, CAS, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Exploring molecular variation in Schistosoma japonicum in China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17345. [PMID: 26621075 PMCID: PMC4664899 DOI: 10.1038/srep17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. The main disease-causing agents, Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni and S. haematobium, are blood flukes that have complex life cycles involving a snail intermediate host. In Asia, S. japonicum causes hepatointestinal disease (schistosomiasis japonica) and is challenging to control due to a broad distribution of its snail hosts and range of animal reservoir hosts. In China, extensive efforts have been underway to control this parasite, but genetic variability in S. japonicum populations could represent an obstacle to eliminating schistosomiasis japonica. Although a draft genome sequence is available for S. japonicum, there has been no previous study of molecular variation in this parasite on a genome-wide scale. In this study, we conducted the first deep genomic exploration of seven S. japonicum populations from mainland China, constructed phylogenies using mitochondrial and nuclear genomic data sets, and established considerable variation between some of the populations in genes inferred to be linked to key cellular processes and/or pathogen-host interactions. Based on the findings from this study, we propose that verifying intraspecific conservation in vaccine or drug target candidates is an important first step toward developing effective vaccines and chemotherapies against schistosomiasis.
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Attwood SW, Ibaraki M, Saitoh Y, Nihei N, Janies DA. Comparative Phylogenetic Studies on Schistosoma japonicum and Its Snail Intermediate Host Oncomelania hupensis: Origins, Dispersal and Coevolution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003935. [PMID: 26230619 PMCID: PMC4521948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum causes major public health problems in China and the Philippines; this parasite, which is transmitted by freshwater snails of the species Oncomelania hupensis, causes the disease intestinal schistosomiasis in humans and cattle. Researchers working on Schistosoma in Africa have described the relationship between the parasites and their snail intermediate hosts as coevolved or even as an evolutionary arms race. In the present study this hypothesis of coevolution is evaluated for S. japonicum and O. hupensis. The origins and radiation of the snails and the parasite across China, and the taxonomic validity of the sub-species of O. hupensis, are also assessed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The findings provide no evidence for coevolution between S. japonicum and O. hupensis, and the phylogeographical analysis suggests a heterochronous radiation of the parasites and snails in response to different palaeogeographical and climatic triggers. The results are consistent with a hypothesis of East to West colonisation of China by Oncomelania with a re-invasion of Japan by O. hupensis from China. The Taiwan population of S. japonicum appears to be recently established in comparison with mainland Chinese populations. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The snail and parasite populations of the western mountain region of China (Yunnan and Sichuan) appear to have been isolated from Southeast Asian populations since the Pleistocene; this has implications for road and rail links being constructed in the region, which will breach biogeographical barriers between China and Southeast Asia. The results also have implications for the spread of S. japonicum. In the absence of coevolution, the parasite may more readily colonise new snail populations to which it is not locally adapted, or even new intermediate host species; this can facilitate its dispersal into new areas. Additional work is required to assess further the risk of spread of S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Attwood
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Motomu Ibaraki
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yasuhide Saitoh
- Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Nihei
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel A. Janies
- Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
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Yin M, Li H, McManus DP, Blair D, Su J, Yang Z, Xu B, Feng Z, Hu W. Geographical genetic structure of Schistosoma japonicum revealed by analysis of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:150. [PMID: 25881113 PMCID: PMC4372230 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum is a significant public health risk in parts of China and elsewhere in Southeast Asia. To gain an insight into the epidemiology of schistosomiasis japonica, a detailed investigation of S. japonicum genetic population structure is needed. METHODS Using three mitochondrial DNA fragments and ten microsatellite loci, we investigated the genetic diversity within and structure among twelve populations of S. japonicum sampled on a geographical scale covering most major endemic areas. RESULTS Schistosoma japonicum lineages from Indonesia, the Philippines and Chinese Taiwan were clearly distinct from each other and from those in mainland China. Within mainland China, there was some evidence for genetic divergence between populations from the mountain and lake regions. However, the analysis inferred no clear sub-population structure in the lake region of mainland China. High genetic diversity was found among S. japonicum populations of mainland China and this was significantly higher than those from island regions. CONCLUSIONS High genetic diversity within and substantial differentiation among populations were demonstrated in S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Yin
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Donald P McManus
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Qld 4029, Australia.
| | - David Blair
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
| | - Jing Su
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Zhong Yang
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Life Science, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Saijuntha W, Jarilla B, Leonardo AK, Sunico LS, Leonardo LR, Andrews RH, Sithithaworn P, Petney TN, Kirinoki M, Kato-Hayashi N, Kikuchi M, Chigusa Y, Agatsuma T. Genetic structure inferred from mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA sequence of Oncomelania quadrasi, the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:1140-5. [PMID: 24686739 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Species and subspecies of the Oncomelania hupensis species complex are recognized as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma japonicum. Of these species and subspecies, O. quadrasi is distributed throughout the Philippines. This study used 12S ribosomal RNA sequences to explore the genetic structure of O. quadrasi populations in the Philippines. Three subspecies, O. h. hupensis, O. h. formosana, and O. h. chiui of this group were also examined. The phylogenetic tree and haplotypes network showed that O. quadrasi separated from the subspecies. Ten O. quadrasi haplotypes (Oq1-Oq10) clustered in relation to their geographic origin. Genetic differentiation (FST) and estimated gene flow (Nm) among populations showed significant differences, ranging from 0.556-1.000 to 0.00-0.74, respectively. Genetic differences among groups (FCT = 0.466), populations within a group (FSC = 0.727), and populations (FST = 0.854) were observed. These results indicate that the O. quadrasi populations in the Philippines have a substructure associated with their geographic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Saijuntha
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Blanca Jarilla
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Alvin K Leonardo
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Louie S Sunico
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Lydia R Leonardo
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Trevor N Petney
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masashi Kirinoki
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoko Kato-Hayashi
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mihoko Kikuchi
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Chigusa
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Agatsuma
- Walai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Japan; College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Municipal Health Office, Municipality of Gonzaga, Cagayan, Philippines; Department of Parasitology, and Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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García G, Ramos F, Pérez RG, Yañez J, Estrada MS, Mendoza LH, Martinez-Hernandez F, Gaytán P. Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Entamoeba species in a chelonian collection. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:271-283. [PMID: 24194557 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.061820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Veterinary medicine has focused recently on reptiles, due to the existence of captive collections in zoos and an increase in the acquisition of reptiles as pets. The protozoan parasite, Entamoeba can cause amoebiasis in various animal species and humans. Although amoebiasis disease is remarkably rare in most species of chelonians and crocodiles, these species may serve as Entamoeba species carriers that transmit parasites to susceptible reptile species, such as snakes and lizards, which can become sick and die. In this study, we identified the Entamoeba species in a population of healthy (disease-free) chelonians, and evaluated their diversity through the amplification and sequencing of a small subunit rDNA region. Using this procedure, three Entamoeba species were identified: Entamoeba invadens in 4.76 % of chelonians, Entamoeba moshkovskii in 3.96 % and Entamoeba terrapinae in 50 %. We did not detect mixed Entamoeba infections. Comparative analysis of the amplified region allowed us to determine the intra-species variations. The E. invadens and E. moshkovskii strains isolated in this study did not exhibit marked differences with respect to the sequences reported in GenBank. The analysis of the E. terrapinae isolates revealed three different subgroups (A, B and C). Although subgroups A and C were very similar, subgroup B showed a relatively marked difference with respect to subgroups A and C (Fst = 0.984 and Fst = 1.000, respectively; 10-14 % nucleotide variation, as determined by blast) and with respect to the sequences reported in GenBank. These results suggested that E. terrapinae subgroup B may be either in a process of speciation or belong to a different lineage. However, additional research is necessary to support this statement conclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela García
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Rodrigo Gutiérrez Pérez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Jorge Yañez
- Unidad de Síntesis y Secuenciación de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos, CP 62210, México
| | - Mónica Salmerón Estrada
- Herpetario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Lilian Hernández Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Colonia Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Fernando Martinez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos, Hospital General Doctor Manuel Gea González, Calz de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, México DF, CP 14000, México
| | - Paul Gaytán
- Unidad de Síntesis y Secuenciación de DNA, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca Morelos, CP 62210, México
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A deep analysis of the small non-coding RNA population in Schistosoma japonicum eggs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64003. [PMID: 23691136 PMCID: PMC3653858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes zoonotic schistosomiasis. The typical outcome of schistosomiasis is hepatic granuloma and fibrosis, which is primarily induced by soluble egg-derived antigens. Although schistosomal eggs represent an important pathogenic stage to the host, the biology of this critical stage is largely unknown. We previously investigated the expression profiles of sncRNAs during different developmental stages of this parasite. However, using small RNA extracted from egg-deposited liver tissues generated limited information about sncRNAs in eggs. Here, we characterized the complete small RNAome in this stage of the parasite after optimization of RNA purification. Methodology and Principal Findings A library, SjE, was constructed with the small RNA extracted from S. japonicum eggs and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The data were depicted by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis to explore the expression features of sncRNAs in the egg stage. MicroRNAs accounted for about one quarter of the total small RNA population in this stage, with a strongly biased expression pattern of certain miRNA family members. Sja-miR-71, sja-miR-71-5p, and sja-miR-36-3p were suggested to play important roles in embryo development. A panel of transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) precisely processed from the 5′ end of mature tRNAs was identified for the first time, which represented a strong egg stage-biased expression. The tRNA-Ala derived small RNAs were the most highly expressed Sj-tRFs in eggs. Further, the expression of siRNAs from 29 types of well-defined transposable elements (TEs) was observed to be relatively stable among different developmental stages. Conclusions and Significance In this study, we characterized the sncRNA profile in the egg stage of S. japonicum. Featured expression of sncRNAs, especially the tRNA-derived small RNAs, was identified, which was further compared with that of other developmental stages. These novel findings would facilitate a deeper understanding of the biology of schistosomal parasites.
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Brusentsov II, Katokhin AV, Brusentsova IV, Shekhovtsov SV, Borovikov SN, Goncharenko GG, Lider LA, Romashov BV, Rusinek OT, Shibitov SK, Suleymanov MM, Yevtushenko AV, Mordvinov VA. Low genetic diversity in wide-spread Eurasian liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus suggests special demographic history of this trematode species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62453. [PMID: 23634228 PMCID: PMC3636034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis felineus or Siberian liver fluke is a trematode parasite (Opisthorchiidae) that infects the hepato-biliary system of humans and other mammals. Despite its public health significance, this wide-spread Eurasian species is one of the most poorly studied human liver flukes and nothing is known about its population genetic structure and demographic history. In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap for the first time and to explore the genetic diversity in O. felineus populations from Eastern Europe (Ukraine, European part of Russia), Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (Northern Kazakhstan). Analysis of marker DNA fragments from O. felineus mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 3 (cox1, cox3) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences revealed that genetic diversity is very low across the large geographic range of this species. Microevolutionary processes in populations of trematodes may well be influenced by their peculiar biology. Nevertheless, we suggest that lack of population genetics structure observed in O. felineus can be primarily explained by the Pleistocene glacial events and subsequent sudden population growth from a very limited group of founders. Rapid range expansion of O. felineus through Asian and European territories after severe bottleneck points to a high dispersal potential of this trematode species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja I. Brusentsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Katokhin
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina V. Brusentsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei V. Shekhovtsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Borovikov
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | | | - Lyudmila A. Lider
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Boris V. Romashov
- Scientific Department, Voronezh State Biosphere Reserve, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga T. Rusinek
- Department of Parasitology, The Baikal Museum at the Irkutsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Listvyanka, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Samat K. Shibitov
- Department of Epizootological Problems, All-Russian K.I. Skryabin Institute of Helminthology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat M. Suleymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Yevtushenko
- Department of Parasitology Ichthyopathology and Arachnology, National Scientific Center “Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine”, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Pathological Processes, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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