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Huang T, Inomata T, Sung J, Yoshida N, Ishida G, Ohara H, Yamaguchi M, Akasaki Y, Okumura Y, Nagino K, Hirosawa K, Mita T, Nakao S, Ishida N. Human ocular thelaziasis with genetic analysis in Niigata Prefecture, Japan: A case report on an emerging zoonosis. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 34:102030. [PMID: 38510338 PMCID: PMC10951443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report the clinical findings and molecular identification of ocular Thelazia callipaeda from Niigata Prefecture in the Hokuriku area of Japan during winter. Observations A 77-year-old male visited an ophthalmology clinic in Niigata Prefecture in January 2022 after a 2-week-duration of a conjunctival injection in the left eye and foreign body sensation. Slit-lamp microscopy revealed 11 active nematodes in the left conjunctival sac. Morphological characteristics included longer female body length than male, buccal cavity lacking teeth and lips, and serrated striations along the body surface. The specimens were determined to be T. callipaeda. Genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene revealed an h9 haplotype. Conclusions and Importance T. callipaeda infection, especially the h9 haplotype, commonly occurs in western Japan owing to its higher incidence in warmer climates, suggesting the origin of the case. Here, we report a human case of Thelaziasis diagnosed in a cold region of Japan (the Hokuriku area) during winter. This human case of T. callipaeda infection from a cold, previously unassociated region, raises concerns about the potential geographical widening of its distribution, and further investigation may be warranted to prevent its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Huang
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, AI Incubation Farm, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jaemyoung Sung
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yoshida
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Ishida
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Ishida Eye Clinic, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Akasaki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Okumura
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Nagino
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Hospital Administration, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Telemedicine and Mobile Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Hirosawa
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Digital Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Juntendo University School of Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakao
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo, Japan
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Gao Y, Hu Y, Xu S, Liang H, Lin H, Yin TH, Zhao K. Characterisation of the mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara apodemi (Nematoda: Ascarididae). J Helminthol 2024; 98:e33. [PMID: 38618902 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We first sequenced and characterised the complete mitochondrial genome of Toxocara apodeme, then studied the evolutionary relationship of the species within Toxocaridae. The complete mitochondrial genome was amplified using PCR with 14 specific primers. The mitogenome length was 14303 bp in size, including 12 PCGs (encoding 3,423 amino acids), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 2 NCRs, with 68.38% A+T contents. The mt genomes of T. apodemi had relatively compact structures with 11 intergenic spacers and 5 overlaps. Comparative analyses of the nucleotide sequences of complete mt genomes showed that T. apodemi had higher identities with T. canis than other congeners. A sliding window analysis of 12 PCGs among 5 Toxocara species indicated that nad4 had the highest sequence divergence, and cox1 was the least variable gene. Relative synonymous codon usage showed that UUG, ACU, CCU, CGU, and UCU most frequently occurred in the complete genomes of T. apodemi. The Ka/Ks ratio showed that all Toxocara mt genes were subject to purification selection. The largest genetic distance between T. apodemi and the other 4 congeneric species was found in nad2, and the smallest was found in cox2. Phylogenetic analyses based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs demonstrated that T. apodemi formed a distinct branch and was always a sister taxon to other congeneric species. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequences of T. apodemi, which provide novel genetic markers for further studies of the taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics of the Toxocaridae nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
| | - Y Hu
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
| | - S Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
| | - H Liang
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
| | - H Lin
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
| | - T H Yin
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
- Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
| | - K Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Advanced Dosage Forms, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Laboratory for Bioactive Materials and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Zhejiang Taizhou318000, China
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Fagundes-Moreira R, Bezerra-Santos MA, Lia RP, Daudt C, Wagatsuma JT, de Carmo ECO, Berger L, Chaves da Silva FR, Soares JF, Otranto D. Eyeworms of wild birds and new record of Thelazia ( Thelaziella) aquilina (Nematoda: Spirurida). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100910. [PMID: 38371737 PMCID: PMC10873718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The eyeworms of the subgenus Thelaziella infect orbital cavities, conjunctival sacs and lachrymal ducts of many wild birds, being able to cause conjunctivitis. In Brazil, at least 10 species of Thelaziella have been described. Here we present a brief review of cases of Thelazia (Thelaziella) aquilina and describe the infection of this parasite in Harpia harpyja, as a new host record. Two nematodes were collected from the surface of the cornea of an adult female H. harpyja in the Amazon region (Brazil) and were morphologically identified as two males of T. (T.) aquilina. This data demonstrated the need for further studies focused on elucidating the transmission, biological cycle, and phylogenetic positioning of Thelaziella as subgenus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Cíntia Daudt
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tessália Wagatsuma
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Berger
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavio Roberto Chaves da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia, Veterinary Medicine Course, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratório de Protozoologia E Rickettsioses Vetoriais, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li H, Chen W, Qi W, Ren Z, Pan X, Shen F, Lu J, Zhai J, Wu Y, Zou J, Xiao L, Feng Y, Yuan D. Molecular characterization of a novel Spiruromorpha species in wild Chinese pangolin by mitogenome sequence analysis. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:137. [PMID: 38376760 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Pangolins are susceptible to a variety of gastrointestinal nematodes due to their burrowing lifestyle and feeding habits, and few parasitic nematodes have been reported. Here, a Chinese pangolin with old wounds on its leg and tail was rescued from the Heyuan City, Guangdong Province. The cox1 and SSU rRNA of the worms from the intestine of the Chinese pangolin had the highest sequence identity of 89.58% and 97.95% to the species in the infraorder Spiruromorpha. The complete mitogenome of the worm was further assembled by next-generation sequencing, with a size of 13,708 bp and a GC content of 25.6%. The worm mitogenome had the highest sequence identity of 78.56% to that of Spirocerca lupi, sharing the same gene arrangement with S. lupi and some species in other families under Spiruromorpha. However, the mitogenome between the worm and S. lupi showed differences in codon usage of PCGs, sequences of NCR, and tRNA secondary structures. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the worm mitogenome was clustered with S. lupi in the family Thelaziidae to form a separate branch. However, it is still difficult to identify the worm in the family Thelaziidae because the species in the family Thelaziidae are confused, specifically S. lupi and Thelazia callipaeda in the family Thelaziidae were separated and grouped with species from other families. Thus, the parasitic nematode from the Chinese pangolin may be a novel species in Spiruromorpha and closely related to S. lupi. This study enriches the data on gastrointestinal nematodes in the Chinese pangolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Wenmin Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhengjiu Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xi Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jinzhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Junqiong Zhai
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yajiang Wu
- Guangzhou Zoo & Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jiejian Zou
- Guangdong Wildlife Monitoring and Rescue Center, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Lihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Aleix-Mata G, Arcenillas-Hernández I, de Ybáñez MRR, Martínez-Carrasco C, Montiel EE, Sánchez A. Complete mitochondrial genome of Metathelazia capsulata (Pneumospiruridae) and comparison with other Spiruromorpha species. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:3. [PMID: 38047982 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Metathelazia capsulata (family Pneumospiruridae) is a lungworm parasitizing the bronchi and bronchioles, described in four species of wild carnivores. Very little molecular data are available on this nematode and none on other species of the Pneumospiruridae family. In this work, we describe for the first time the complete mitogenome (mitochondrial genome) of M. capsulata, being the first described of the family Pneumospiruridae. The mitogenome of M. capsulata has 13,659 bp in length, an A + T content of 79.2%. The mitogenome included 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (lacking the atp8 gene), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (all the genes are coded by the heavy strand), and an AT-rich region. The PCGs varied in size (232 bp-1645 bp). Only the tRNA-Trp has the standard cloverleaf secondary structure, while the other 21 do not. The AT-rich region, with a 90.5% A + T content and a length of 389 bp, is located between the cox3 and tRNA-Ala genes. Comparison with the mitogenomes of 29 species of Spiruromorpha infraorder, belonging to different families, demonstrates that M. capsulata mitogenome shared the common characteristics of most of them. The phylogeny constructions yielded phylogenies that were in agreement with the obtained previously by using sequences and gene order data of mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Aleix-Mata
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas S/N., 23071, Jaén, España
| | - Irene Arcenillas-Hernández
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - María Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - Carlos Martínez-Carrasco
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30001, Murcia, España
| | - Eugenia E Montiel
- Departamento de Biología (Genética), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas S/N., 23071, Jaén, España.
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Huo C, Bao F, Long H, Qin T, Zhang S. The complete mitochondrial genome of Wellcomia compar (Spirurina: Oxyuridae) and its genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14426. [PMID: 37660220 PMCID: PMC10475117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wellcomia compar (Spirurina: Oxyuridae) is a pinworm that infects wild and captive porcupines. Despite clear records of its morphological structure, its genetics, systematics, and biology are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of W. compar and reconstruct its phylogenetic relationship with other nematodes. We sequenced the complete mt genome of W. comparand conducted phylogenetic analyses using concatenated coding sequences of 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The complete mt genome is 14,373 bp in size and comprises 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. Apart from 28 intergenic regions, one non-coding region and one overlapping region also occur. A comparison of the gene arrangements of Oxyuridomorpha revealed relatively similar features in W. compar and Wellcomia siamensis. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that W. compar and W. siamensis formed a sister group. In Oxyuridomorpha the genetic distance between W. compar and W. siamensis was 0.0805. This study reports, for the first time, the complete W. compar mt genome sequence obtained from Chinese porcupines. It provides genetic markers for investigating the taxonomy, population genetics, and phylogenetics of pinworms from different hosts and has implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of parasitic diseases in porcupines and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmao Huo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Fengyun Bao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Hong Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Tingyang Qin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Shibin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
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The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243546. [PMID: 36552470 PMCID: PMC9774135 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara vitulorum (Ascaridida: Nematoda) is one of the most common intestinal nematodes of cattle and buffalos and, therefore, represents a serious threat to their populations worldwide. Despite its significance in veterinary health the epidemiology, population genetics, and molecular ecology of this nematode remain poorly understood. The mitogenome can yield a foundation for studying these areas and assist in the surveillance and control of T. vitulorum. Herein, the first whole mitogenome of T. vitulorum was sequenced utilizing Illumina technology and characterized with bioinformatic pipeline analyses. The entire genome of T. vitulorum was 15,045 bp in length and contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). The gene arrangement (GA) of T. vitulorum was similar to those of other Toxocara species under GA3. The whole genome showed significant levels of AT and GC skew. Comparative mitogenomics including sequence identities, Ka/Ks, and sliding window analysis, indicated a purifying selection of 12 PCGs with cox1 and nad6 having the lowest and highest evolutionary rate, respectively. Whole amino acid sequence-based phylogenetic analysis supported a novel sister-species relationship of T. vitulorum with the congeneric species Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxocara malaysiensis in the family Toxocaridae. Further, 12 (PCGs) single gene-based phylogenies suggested that nad4 and nad6 genes shared same topological trees with that of the whole genome, suggesting that these genes were suitable as novel genetic markers for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Ascaridida species. This complete mitogenome of T. vitulorum refined phylogenetic relationships in Toxocaridae and provided the resource of markers for population genetics, systematics, and epidemiology of this bovine nematode.
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Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Takin Lungworm Varestrongylus eleguneniensis (Strongylida: Protostrongylidae). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113597. [PMID: 36362384 PMCID: PMC9658269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The takin lungworm Varestrongylus eleguneniensis (Strongylida: Protostrongylidae) causes lethal bronchopneumonia and represents severe threats to captive and wild populations. However, until now there has been very limited information available concerning the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary biology of V. eleguneniensis. Mitochondrial genomes (mtDNAs) can provide resources for investigations in these areas and, therefore, can assist with the surveillance and control of this lungworm. Herein, the complete mtDNA of V. eleguneniensis was sequenced and characterized with Illumina pipeline analyses. This circular genome (13,625 bp) encoded twelve protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNAs, and twenty-two tRNAs, with notable levels of AT and GC skews. Comparative genomics revealed a purifying selection among PCGs, with cox1 and nad6 having the lowest and the highest evolutionary rate, respectively. Genome-wide phylogenies showed a close relationship between V. eleguneniensis and Protostrongylus rufescens in Strongylida. Single gene (PCGs or rRNAs)-based phylogenies indicated that cox1 and nad5 genes shared the same family-level topology with that inferred from genomic datasets, suggesting that both genes could be suitable genetic markers for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of Strongylida species. This was the first mtDNA of any member of the genus Varestrongylus, and its comprehensive molecular characterization represents a new resource for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of Varestrongylus lungworms in wildlife.
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Wu T, Ma X, Wang F, Xie L, Lv Q, Zeng M, Xu Y, Qin S, Chang Q. First Description of the Mitogenome Features of Neofoleyellides Genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) Isolated from a Wild Bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202854. [PMID: 36290239 PMCID: PMC9597759 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Filarioidea, a superfamily of nematodes, presently includes 42 species divided into six genera, mainly in the family Onchocercidae, which have been reported to infect a wide range of hosts, including reptiles, birds, and mammals. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. Thus, the objective of the present study was to sequence and analyze the complete mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and to assess its phylogenetic position in the Onchocercidae family. The evaluated Neofoleyellides sp. mt genome was consistent with the molecular pattern of the Onchocercidae family: 36 subunits consisting of 12 PCGs, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S rRNA gene, cox1 gene, and 12 PCGs showed consistent results, which strongly supported monophyly of the genus Neofoleyellides. These findings enriched the gene database and improved our knowledge of the molecular characteristics of the Onchocercidae family, which provide useful genetic markers to study the population genetics, molecular biology, and phylogenetics of these Onchocercidae nematodes. Abstract The Onchocercidae family is composed of more than 30 valid nematode species with notable zoonotic potential. Current limitations in molecular characterization methods and species identification are the main obstacles to a better understanding of the biology of Onchocercidae species, particularly in wildlife. This study describes for the first time the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Neofoleyellides sp. isolated from a wild bird (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) and belonging to the Neofoleyellides genus (Nematoda: Onchocercidae). The mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. (GenBank accession number: ON641583) was a typical circular DNA molecule of 13,628 bp in size with an AT content of 76.69%. The complete mt genome comprised 36 functional subunits, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The most common start codon was ATT/ATG except for nad2 with TTG, and TAA was the termination codon for all protein-coding genes (PCGs). Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated and aligned amino acid sequences of the 12 PCGs showed that the trees generated using different methods (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) with different partition schemes shared similar topologies. The isolated Neofoleyellides sp. was placed in the Onchocercidae family and formed a sister branch with the genera Onchocerca and Dirofilaria. The entire mt genome of Neofoleyellides sp. presented in this study could provide useful data for studying the population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of Onchocercidae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Fengfeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linhong Xie
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Minhao Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Qiaocheng Chang
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence:
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Li R, Wang HM, Liu GH, Tu Y, Deng YP. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the fluke of turdus, Plagiorchis elegans, and phylogenetic implications. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108387. [PMID: 36170911 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda: Digenea) is mainly parasitic in the intestines of vertebrate animals, including humans, causing irreversible pathological damage and herd-spherical influences. However, little information is available about its molecular epidemiology, population genetics, and phylogeny. In the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. elegans. Combining with the available mitochondrial data of subclass Digenea, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on Bayesian inference (BI). The results showed that the complete length of P. elegans is 13,862 bp, including 12 PCGs, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and one non-coding gene (NCR). There was an obvious A + T content from 61.0% to 71.3% and the values of the Ka/Ks ratio ranged from 0.119 (cox1) to 1.053 (nad6). In the BI analysis, different from previous studies, phylogenetic analysis showed genus Glypthelmins was paraphyletic rather than monophyletic and had a closer relationship with Plagiorchis and Orientocreadium. Additionally, the BI tree also presented that the genus Echinostoma was monophyletic. Our results provided molecular data in the family Plagiorchiidae proposing new insight within Xiphidiata and Echinostomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410128, China
| | - Hui-Mei Wang
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410128, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410128, China
| | - Ya Tu
- Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, 101300, China.
| | - Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province, 410128, China.
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11
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Laboratory Culture and Life Cycle of Thelazia callipaeda in Intermediate and Definitive Hosts. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091066. [PMID: 36145498 PMCID: PMC9504212 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human thelaziasis caused by Thelazia callipaeda is being increasingly reported worldwide. Notably, an epidemic trend is observed in Southwest China. Whether Phortica okadai found in Southwest China can act as a vector of T. callipaeda and human-derived T. callipaeda animal infections has not been widely reported. Here, P. okadai was maintained in a laboratory and experimentally infected with first-stage larvae collected from adult T. callipaeda that were isolated from infected human subjects. Dead P. okadai were subjected to PCR assay and dissected every two days to detect T. callipaeda. Subsequently, live flies were used to infect a rabbit. The infection procedures were performed once a day (20 min) for two weeks. The results show that L1 collected from the adult T. callipaeda could successfully parasitize P. okadai captured in Zunyi, a city in Southwest China, and developed into L3, and a rabbit was successfully infected with T. callipaeda using P. okadai as the intermediate host. The present study demonstrates a human-derived T. callipaeda infection in rabbits, through P. okadai, under laboratory conditions for the first time. These results provide insights into the transmission cycle of T. callipaeda and constitute a foundation to develop an effective treatment protocol for T. callipaeda infection.
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Comparative mitogenomics of Spirocerca lupi from South Africa and China: Variation and possible heteroplasmy. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109595. [PMID: 34678674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Spirocerca lupi isolated from a dog in South Africa was sequenced using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the 12 protein coding genes along with the two rRNA genes were compared to 18 other nematode species as well as S. lupi from China. The mitochondrial genome of S. lupi South Africa had a mean genetic diversity of 6.1 % compared to S. lupi China with some variation in nucleotide composition, gene positioning and size. Pairwise distance results indicated slightly higher variation when compared to the pairwise distances of other closely related species, however, this variation was not high enough for it to be considered a cryptic species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. lupi from the two continents are very similar. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the nad2 gene with ten sequence variants identified from 10 clones from a single nematode, suggesting possible heteroplasmy. The origin of the heteroplasmy is currently unknown but it is speculated to have arisen from accumulated mutations in the mitochondria during somatic replication.
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13
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Lanková S, Vejl P, Melounová M, Čílová D, Vadlejch J, Miklisová D, Jankovská I, Langrová I. Setaria cervi (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) undressing in ungulates: altered morphology of developmental stages, their molecular detection and complete sequence cox1 gene. Parasitology 2021; 148:598-611. [PMID: 33407959 PMCID: PMC10950381 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work introduces new morphological and molecular information on the filaroid nematode Setaria cervi (Rudolphi, 1819) obtained from 13 infected game ungulates out of 96 dissected. The hosts comprised the following: a single moose (Alces alces), ten red deer (Cervus elaphus) and two sika deer (Cervus nippon) originating from the western and northern regions of the Czech Republic. Based on the complete sequences of the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), all 20 females and four males belonged to the species S. cervi. We detected three developmental female stages (adult fertile females, juvenile L5 females and L4 female larvae) differing in size and some morphological traits as the subtle structure of peribuccal crown and shape and features of tail knob. Such differences were described in detail for the first time. The phylogenetic relationships within the family Onchocercidae have been evaluated using new information on the cox1 sequence of S. cervi (maximum likelihood method, GTR + I + G model). In accordance with the latest phylogenetic studies, the present analysis confirmed the ancient separation of the subclass Setariinae from the remaining two onchocercid lineages Dirofilariinae and Onchocerinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylva Lanková
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vejl
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Melounová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Čílová
- Department of Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vadlejch
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Miklisová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Jankovská
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Langrová
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Centre for Infectious Animal Diseases, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Praha – Suchdol, Czech Republic
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14
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Gao Y, Wang XX, Ma XX, Zhang ZH, Lan Z, Qiu YY, Wang S, Song MX, Wang CR. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Coronocyclus labiatus and Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus: Comparison with Strongylidae species and phylogenetic implication. Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109359. [PMID: 33516119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronocyclus labiatus and Cylicodontophorus bicoronatus are two significant horse parasitic nematodes which are classified into subfamily Cyathostominae, family Strongylidae, however, the classification of these nematodes has been controversial for more than a century. Mitochondrial (mt) genomes are considered valuable sources for parasite taxonomy, population genetics, and systematics studies. In the present study, the mt genomes of Co. labiatus and Cd. bicoronatus (type species) were determined and subsequently compared with those from closely related species by phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated datasets of amino acid sequences predicted from mt protein-coding genes. The complete mt genomes of Co. labiatus and Cd. bicoronatus were circular with 13,827 bp and 13,753 bp in size, respectively. Both mt genomes consisted of a total of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and two non-coding regions. All protein coding genes were transcribed in the same direction, and the gene order in both mt genomes belonged to the gene arrangement type 3 (GA3). There were 19 intergenic spacers with 1 bp to 35 bp and one overlap with 4 bp in mt genome of Co. labiatus, and 22 intergenic spacers with 1-29 bp in size but no overlap in the mt genome of Cd. bicoronatus. The A + T content of Co. labiatus and Cd. bicoronatus mt genomes were 75.87 % and 75.16 %, respectively. Similar to mt genones of other Strongylidae species published in GenBank, they also exhibited a strong A + T bias not only in the nucleotide composition but also in codon usage. Comparative analyses of mt genomes nucleotide sequence showed that mt genomes of Co. labiatus and Cd. bicoronatus had higher identities to that of Cylicostephanus goldi (90.3 % and 86.9 %, respectively), followed by those of two Cyathostomum species (89.9∼90.0 %; 86.4 %), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses using mt genomes of 26 Strongyloidea nematodes revealed that Co. labiatus was closely related to Cyathostomum species, and Cd. bicoronatus formed a distinct branch with Cyathostominae species, which was closer to Triodontophorus than Poteriostomum imparidentatum. We concluded Coronocyclus might be closely related with Cyathostomum but represent a distinct genus based on comparative mt genome sequences and phylogenetic analyses. The availability of complete mt genome sequences of Co. labiatus and Cd. bicoronatus provides new and useful genetic markers for further studies on Strongylidae nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 15000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Huai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhuo Lan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yang-Yuan Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 15000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Min-Xin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 15000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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15
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Fu YT, Jin YC, Liu GH. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Caecal Fluke of Poultry, Postharmostomum commutatum, as the First Representative from the Superfamily Brachylaimoidea. Front Genet 2019; 10:1037. [PMID: 31708971 PMCID: PMC6823182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postharmostomum commutatum (Platyhelminthes: Brachylaimoidea), a parasite of the caeca of poultry, has been frequently reported from many countries and regions, including China. However, the molecular epidemiology, population genetics and phylogenetics of this parasite are poorly understood. In the present study, we determined and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. commutatum, as the first representative from the superfamily Brachylaimoidea. The mt genome of P. commutatum is a circular DNA molecule of 13,799 bp in size and encodes the complete set of 36 genes (12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes) as well as a typical control region. The mt genome of P. commutatum presents a clear bias in nucleotide composition with a negative AT-skew on average (-0.306) and a positive GC-skew on average (0.466). Phylogenetic analyses showed that P. commutatum (superfamily Brachylaimoidea) and other ten members of the order Diplostomida were recovered as sister groups of the order Plagiorchiida, indicating that the order Diplostomida is paraphyletic. This is the first mt genome of any member of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea and should represent a rich source of genetic markers for molecular epidemiological, population genetic and phylogenetic studies of parasitic flukes of socio-economic importance in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan-Chun Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
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16
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Jin YC, Li XY, Liu JH, Zhu XQ, Liu GH. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial DNA datasets indicates that Toxascaris leonina represents a species complex. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:194. [PMID: 31046831 PMCID: PMC6498696 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Toxascaris leonina is one of the most common intestinal parasites of canids and felids. In this study, we characterised the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah and compared it with that of T. leonina from the dog. Results The entire mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the cheetah is 14,685 bp in size, which is 375 bp longer than that from the dog, and it is 408 bp longer than that from the South China tiger. The overall nucleotide sequence (except for the non-coding region) identity was 92.8% between the two mt genomes of T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog. For the 12 protein-coding genes, sequence difference between T. leonina from the cheetah and the dog was 5.0–9.7% at the nucleotide level and 1.0–7.2% at the amino acid level. Moreover, comparison of mt cox1 sequences among T. leonina isolates (n = 23) from different hosts revealed substantial nucleotide differences (10.6%). Phylogenetic analysis showed the separation of T. leonina from canid and felid hosts into three distinct clades. Conclusions Taken together, these mtDNA datasets indicate that T. leonina from canid and felid hosts represents a species complex. Our results have implications for further studies of the molecular epidemiology, systematics and population genetics of this nematode. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3447-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chun Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yong Li
- Changsha Ecological Zoo, Changsha, 410118, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Hui Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Setaria digitata (Nematoda: Setariidae) from China. J Helminthol 2018; 91:772-776. [PMID: 28100285 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Setaria digitata is a filarial parasite that causes fatal cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, horses and sheep, resulting in substantial economic losses to livestock farmers. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of S. digitata from China was determined, characterized and compared with that of S. digitata from Sri Lanka. The identity of the mt genomes was 98.3% between S. digitata from China and Sri Lanka, and the complete mt genome sequence of S. digitata from China was slightly shorter (25 bp) than that from Sri Lanka. For the 12 protein genes, this comparison revealed sequence differences at both the nucleotide (1.4%) and amino acid (2.2%) levels. The present study determined the complete mt genome sequence of S. digitata from China, providing novel genetic markers for the study of the population genetics and molecular epidemiology of S. digitata in animals.
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18
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Zou H, Jakovlić I, Chen R, Zhang D, Zhang J, Li WX, Wang GT. The complete mitochondrial genome of parasitic nematode Camallanus cotti: extreme discontinuity in the rate of mitogenomic architecture evolution within the Chromadorea class. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:840. [PMID: 29096600 PMCID: PMC5669012 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complete mitochondrial genomes are much better suited for the taxonomic identification and phylogenetic studies of nematodes than morphology or traditionally-used molecular markers, but they remain unavailable for the entire Camallanidae family (Chromadorea). As the only published mitogenome in the Camallanina suborder (Dracunculoidea superfamily) exhibited a unique gene order, the other objective of this research was to study the evolution of mitochondrial architecture in the Spirurida order. Thus, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the Camallanus cotti fish parasite and conducted structural and phylogenomic comparative analyses with all available Spirurida mitogenomes. RESULTS The mitogenome is exceptionally large (17,901 bp) among the Chromadorea and, with 46 (pseudo-) genes, exhibits a unique architecture among nematodes. Six protein-coding genes (PCGs) and six tRNAs are duplicated. An additional (seventh) tRNA (Trp) was probably duplicated by the remolding of tRNA-Ser2 (missing). Two pairs of these duplicated PCGs might be functional; three were incomplete and one contained stop codons. Apart from Ala and Asp, all other duplicated tRNAs are conserved and probably functional. Only 19 unique tRNAs were found. Phylogenomic analysis included Gnathostomatidae (Spirurina) in the Camallanina suborder. CONCLUSIONS Within the Nematoda, comparable PCG duplications were observed only in the enoplean Mermithidae family, but those result from mitochondrial recombination, whereas characteristics of the studied mitogenome suggest that likely rearrangement mechanisms are either a series of duplications, transpositions and random loss events, or duplication, fragmentation and subsequent reassembly of the mitogenome. We put forward a hypothesis that the evolution of mitogenomic architecture is extremely discontinuous, and that once a long period of stasis in gene order and content has been punctuated by a rearrangement event, such a destabilised mitogenome is much more likely to undergo subsequent rearrangement events, resulting in an exponentially accelerated evolutionary rate of mitogenomic rearrangements. Implications of this model are particularly important for the application of gene order similarity as an additive source of phylogenetic information. Chromadorean nematodes, and particularly Camallanina clade (with C. cotti as an example of extremely accelerated rate of rearrangements), might be a good model to further study this discontinuity in the dynamics of mitogenomic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-Tang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, and State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 People’s Republic of China
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Morphological and genetic characterization of Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) zygodontomis (Nematoda: Rictulariidae) from Necromys lasiurus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from Uberlândia, Brazil. J Helminthol 2017; 92:618-629. [PMID: 28974282 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) zygodontomis, a nematode parasite of the small intestine of the rodent Necromys lasiurus, from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, was analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, phylogenies were inferred from the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I gene (MT-CO1). Details of the helminth surface, such as the oral aperture, cephalic papillae, papillae in the posterior region of the body and longitudinal cuticular elements represented by spine-like projections and fans are presented, adding new taxonomic details. Molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on the MT-CO1, demonstrated that P. (P.) zygodontomis and Pterygodermatites (Paucipectines) jaegerskioldi form a unique evolutionary unit in accordance with the subgenus Paucipectines and corroborated their occurrence in cricetid and didelphid hosts.
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20
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Zhang X, Shi YL, Wang ZQ, Duan JY, Jiang P, Liu RD, Cui J. Morphological and Mitochondrial Genomic Characterization of Eyeworms ( Thelazia callipaeda) from Clinical Cases in Central China. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1335. [PMID: 28751889 PMCID: PMC5508006 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thelazia callipaeda, also called the oriental eyeworm, is the major etiological agent of human thelaziasis. Cases of thelaziasis have increased in recent years in China. Although this species is of medical importance, the genetics and phylogenetic systematics of T. callipaeda are poorly understood. In this study, we first reported three cases of thelaziasis in central China. All clinical isolates were identified as T. callipaeda according to morphological characteristics by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Next, complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes for the three T. callipaeda isolates from different geographical locations were fully characterized using an Illumina sequencing platform. In addition, all available mt genomes of spirurid nematodes in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny and to explore the evolutionary histories of the isolates. The genome features of the T. callipaeda isolates contained 12 PCGs, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and a major non-coding region. The mtDNA nucleotide sequences of the T. callipaeda isolates from different hosts and different locations were similar. The nad6 gene showed high sequence variability among all isolates, which is worth considering for future population genetic studies of T. callipaeda. Phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods revealed close relationships among Thelaziidae, Onchocercidae, Setariidae, Gongylonematidae, Physalopteridae, Dracunculidae, and Philometridae. The monophyly of the T. callipaeda isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations was confirmed. The entire mt genomes of T. callipaeda presented in this study will serve as a useful dataset for studying the population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of Thelazia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Ya L Shi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Q Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang Y Duan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Ruo D Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
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21
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Sun MM, Liu GH, Ando K, Woo HC, Ma J, Sohn WM, Sugiyama H, Zhu XQ. Complete mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostoma nipponicum and Gnathostoma sp., and their comparison with other Gnathostoma species. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 48:109-115. [PMID: 28025097 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gnathostomiasis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitosis caused by Gnathostoma nematodes. It has caused significant public problems worldwide, but its molecular biology is limited. The purpose of this study was to decode the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Gnathostoma nipponicum and Gnathostoma sp., and compare their mt sequences with other Gnathostoma species. The complete mt genome sequences were amplified by long-range PCR and determined by subsequent primer walking. The complete mt genomes of G. nipponicum and Gnathostoma sp. were 14,093bp and 14,391bp, respectively. Both of the two mt genomes contain 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene order and transcription direction are the same as G. spinigerum and G. doloresi. The sequence difference across the entire mt genomes varied from 14.4% to 18.2% between G. nipponicum, Gnathostoma sp., G. spinigerum and G. doloresi of Japan and China isolates. Phylogenetic analyses by Bayesian inference (BI) using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs showed that G. nipponicum and Gnathostoma sp. are two distinctive species of Gnathostoma, and G. nipponicum are more closely related to Gnathostoma sp. than to G. spinigerum. The mtDNA datasets provide abundant resources of novel markers, which can be used for the studies of molecular epidemiology and diagnosis of Gnathostoma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, PR China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China.
| | - Katsuhiko Ando
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ho-Choon Woo
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Jeju National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiromu Sugiyama
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China.
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The complete mitochondrial genome of rabbit pinworm Passalurus ambiguus: genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:423-9. [PMID: 26472717 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Passalurus ambiguus (Nematda: Oxyuridae) is a common pinworm which parasitizes in the caecum and colon of rabbits. Despite its significance as a pathogen, the epidemiology, genetics, systematics, and biology of this pinworm remain poorly understood. In the present study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. ambiguus. The circular mt genome is 14,023 bp in size and encodes of 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNA, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The mt gene order of P. ambiguus is the same as that of Wellcomia siamensis, but distinct from that of Enterobius vermicularis. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI) showed that P. ambiguus was more closely related to W. siamensis than to E. vermicularis. This mt genome provides novel genetic markers for studying the molecular epidemiology, population genetics, systematics of pinworm of animals and humans, and should have implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of passaluriasis in rabbits and other animals.
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Gnathostoma spinigerum Mitochondrial Genome Sequence: a Novel Gene Arrangement and its Phylogenetic Position within the Class Chromadorea. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12691. [PMID: 26228511 PMCID: PMC4521153 DOI: 10.1038/srep12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human gnathostomiasis is an emerging food-borne parasitic disease caused by nematodes in the genus Gnathostoma. In spite of their significance as pathogens, these parasites remain poorly understood at the molecular level. In the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genome of G. spinigerum, which infects a range of definitive hosts including dogs, cats, tigers, leopards and humans. The mt genome of G. spinigerum is 14,079 bp in size and shows substantial changes in gene order compared to other nematodes studied to date. Phylogenetic analyses of mt genome sequences by Bayesian inference (BI) revealed that the infraorder Gnathostomatomorpha (represented by G. spinigerum) is closely related to the infraorder Ascaridomorpha. G. spinigerum is the first species from the infraorder Gnathostomatomorpha for which a complete mt genome has been sequenced. The new data will help understand the evolution, population genetics and systematics of this medically important group of parasites.
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Duan H, Gao JF, Hou MR, Zhang Y, Liu ZX, Gao DZ, Guo DH, Yue DM, Su X, Fu X, Wang CR. Complete Mitochondrial genome of an equine intestinal parasite, Triodontophorus brevicauda (Chromadorea: Strongylidae): the first characterization within the genus. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:429-34. [PMID: 26100950 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Triodontophorus brevicauda, an intestinal equine nematode parasite was determined for the first time. The circular T. brevicauda mt genome is 14,305 bp in length and contains 36 genes, of which 12 code for protein, 22 for transfer RNA, and two for ribosomal RNA, and lacks atp8 mtDNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated amino acid sequence of the 12 protein-coding genes was performed using three different tree-building methods. The Strongyloidea cluster divides into two large branches, and each nematode family included in our study forms an independent clade, though paraphyly confounds the issue at some nodes. T. brevicauda clusters together with Cylicocyclus insignis with high statistical support. The mtDNA data in this study not only provide a new mtDNA resource for phylogeny, but also become a novel and useful genetic marker for further studies on the identification, population genetics, and molecular epidemiology of the genus Triodontophorus in equine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Duan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Jun-Feng Gao
- Department of Parasitology, Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, PR China
| | - Mei-Ru Hou
- Department of Parasitology, Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province 161006, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Ze-Xuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - De-Zhen Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Dong-Hui Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Yue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Xin Su
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Xue Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China
| | - Chun-Ren Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China.
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Liu GH, Jia YQ, Wang YN, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of the gullet worm Gongylonema pulchrum: gene content, arrangement, composition and phylogenetic implications. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:100. [PMID: 25884563 PMCID: PMC4340675 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gongylonema pulchrum (Nematoda: Gongylonematidae), a thread-like spirurid gullet worm, infects a range of mammalian definitive hosts, including cattle, pigs, equines, goats, primates and humans, and can cause gongylonemiasis. Methods In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of G. pulchrum was obtained using Long-range PCR and subsequent primer walking. The phylogenetic position of G. pulchrum within the Spiruromorpha was established using Bayesian analyses of the protein-coding genes at the amino acid level. Results The length of this AT-rich (75.94%) mt genome is 13,798 bp. It contains 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one non-coding region. The gene arrangement is the same as those of Thelazia callipaeda (Thelaziidae) and Setaria digitata (Onchocercidae), but distinct from that of Heliconema longissimum (Physalopteridae). Phylogenetic analyses, based on the concatenated amino acid sequence data for all 12 protein-coding genes using Bayesian inference (BI) method, showed that G. pulchrum (Gongylonematidae) was more closely related to Spirocerca lupi (Spiruroidea) than other members of the infraorder Spiruromorpha. Conclusions The present study represents the first mt genome sequence for the family Gongylonematidae, which provides the opportunity to develop novel genetic markers for studies of epidemiology, population genetics and systematics of this nematode of human and animal health significance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0697-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Qing Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100, Peoples Republic of China.
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, Peoples Republic of China.
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26
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Wang XL, Guo JY, Wang XL, Ma XL, Wang Y, An CL. Two cases of human thelaziasis as confirmed by mitochondrial cox1 sequencing in China. Pathog Glob Health 2014; 108:298-301. [PMID: 25253041 DOI: 10.1179/2047773214y.0000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two special cases of human thelaziasis were reported in China: an old farmer with heavy infection by 36 worms and a 7-year-old boy with infection by eight worms. Thelazia callipaeda was morphologically identified and confirmed by mitochondrial cox1 gene sequencing.
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Xie Y, Niu L, Zhao B, Wang Q, Nong X, Chen L, Zhou X, Gu X, Wang S, Peng X, Yang G. Complete mitochondrial genomes of chimpanzee- and gibbon-derived Ascaris isolated from a zoological garden in southwest China. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82795. [PMID: 24358225 PMCID: PMC3866200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Roundworms (Ascaridida: Nematoda), one of the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), can cause ascariasis in various hosts worldwide, ranging from wild to domestic animals and humans. Despite the veterinary and health importance of the Ascaridida species, little or no attention has been paid to roundworms infecting wild animals including non-human primates due to the current taxon sampling and survey bias in this order. Importantly, there has been considerable controversy over the years as to whether Ascaris species infecting non-human primates are the same as or distinct from Ascaris lumbricoides infecting humans. Herein, we first characterized the complete mitochondrial genomes of two representative Ascaris isolates derived from two non-human primates, namely, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gibbons (Hylobates hoolock), in a zoological garden of southwest China and compared them with those of A. lumbricoides and the congeneric Ascaris suum as well as other related species in the same order, and then used comparative mitogenomics, genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity analysis, and phylogeny to determine whether the parasites from chimpanzees and gibbons represent a single species and share genetic similarity with A. lumbricoides. Taken together, our results yielded strong statistical support for the hypothesis that the chimpanzee- and gibbon-derived Ascaris represent a single species that is genetically similar to A. lumbricoides, consistent with the results of previous morphological and molecular studies. Our finding should enhance public alertness to roundworms originating from chimpanzees and gibbons and the mtDNA data presented here also serves to enrich the resource of markers that can be used in molecular diagnostic, systematic, population genetic, and evolutionary biological studies of parasitic nematodes from either wild or domestic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Veterinary Hospital, Chengdu Zoological Garden, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Veterinary Hospital, Chengdu Zoological Garden, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Veterinary Hospital, Chengdu Zoological Garden, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Nong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail:
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Tian SQ, Cui P, Fang SF, Liu GH, Wang CR, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence ofEimeria magna(Apicomplexa: Coccidia). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 26:714-5. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.843088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu GH, Zhou DH, Zhao L, Xiong RC, Liang JY, Zhu XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Toxascaris leonina: Comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:329-33. [PMID: 24316156 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adults of Toxascaris leonina (Nematoda: Ascarididae) live in the gastrointestinal tract of both dogs and cats, and cause significant economic losses and potential public health problem worldwide. Although many studies have given insights into this significant pathogen, to date, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence is still not available for T. leonina. Here, we sequenced the complete mt genome of T. leonina. This AT-rich (71.53%) mt genome (14,310bp) is circular and consists of 36 genes, including 12 genes for proteins, 2 genes for rRNA and 22 genes for tRNA. All mt genes of T. leonina are transcribed in the same direction. The gene order is the same as those of Ascaris spp. (Ascarididae), Toxocara spp. (Toxocaridae), Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum rudolphii B (Anisakidae), but distinct from that of Ascaridia spp. (Ascaridiidae). Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference (BI) showed distinct groups with high statistical support, and our data confirm that T. leonina is a member of the Ascarididae, and that this family is more closely related to the Toxocaridae rather than the Anisakidae within the Ascaridoidea. The determination of mt genome sequences of T. leonina provides novel genetic markers for studies into the systematics, population genetics and epidemiology of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China
| | - Dong-Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Rong-Chuan Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, PR China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province 410128, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, PR China.
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Liu GH, Wang Y, Song HQ, Li MW, Ai L, Yu XL, Zhu XQ. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Spirocerca lupi: sequence, gene organization and phylogenetic implications. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:45. [PMID: 23433345 PMCID: PMC3606334 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirocerca lupi is a life-threating parasitic nematode of dogs that has a cosmopolitan distribution but is most prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. Despite its veterinary importance in canids, the epidemiology, molecular ecology and population genetics of this parasite still remain unexplored. Methods The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of S. lupi was amplified in four overlapping long fragments using primers designed based on partial cox1, rrnS, cox2 and nad2 sequences. Phylogenetic re-construction of 13 spirurid species (including S. lupi) was carried out using Bayesian inference (BI) based on concatenated amino acid sequence datasets. Results The complete mt genome sequence of S. lupi is 13,780 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes, but lacks the atp8 gene. The gene arrangement is identical to that of Thelazia callipaeda (Thelaziidae) and Setaria digitata (Onchocercidae), but distinct from that of Dracunculus medinensis (Dracunculidae) and Heliconema longissimum (Physalopteridae). All genes are transcribed in the same direction and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The content of A + T is 73.73% for S. lupi, in accordance with mt genomes of other spirurid nematodes sequenced to date. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 12 protein-coding genes by BI showed that the S. lupi (Thelaziidae) is closely related to the families Setariidae and Onchocercidae. Conclusions The present study determined the complete mt genome sequence of S. lupi. These new mt genome dataset should provide novel mtDNA markers for studying the molecular epidemiology and population genetics of this parasite, and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention and control of spirocercosis in dogs and other canids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
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