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Khairuzzaman M, Hasan MM, Ali MT, Mamun AA, Akter S, Nasrin P, Islam MK, Nahar AU, Sarker DK, Hamdi OAA, Uddin SJ, Seidel V, Shilpi JA. Anthelmintic screening of Bangladeshi medicinal plants and related phytochemicals using in vitro and in silico methods: An ethnobotanical perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118132. [PMID: 38565411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Infections caused by parasitic worms or helminth continue to pose a great burden on human and animal health, particularly in underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries where they are endemic. Current anthelmintic drugs present serious limitations and the emergence of drug resistance has made it increasingly challenging to combat such infections (helminthiases). In Bangladesh, medicinal plants are often used by indigenous communities for the treatment of helminthiases. Knowledge on such plants along with screening for their anthelmintic activity has the potential to lead to the discovery of phytochemicals that could serve as novel molecular scaffolds for the development of new anthelminthic drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was i) to conduct an ethnobotanical survey to gather data on Bangladeshi medicinal plants used in the treatment of helminthiases, ii) to test plants with the highest use values for their in vitro anthelmintic activity, and iii) to carry out in silico screening on phytochemicals present in the most active plant extract to investigate their ability to disrupt β-tubulin function in helminths. METHODS The ethnobotanical survey was conducted across three sub-districts of Bangladesh, namely Mathbaria, Phultala and Khan Jahan Ali. The in vitro screening for anthelmintic activity was performed in a motility test using adult Haemonchus contortus worms. Virtual screening using PyRx was performed on the phytochemicals reported from the most active plant, exploring their interactions with the colchicine binding site of the β-tubulin protein target (PDB ID: 1SA0). RESULTS The survey respondents reported a total of 32 plants for treating helminthiases. Based on their use values, the most popular choices were Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Carica papaya L., Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr., Curcuma longa L., Momordica charantia L., Nigella sativa L. and Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. In vitro anthelmintic testing revealed that A. indica leaves and bark had the highest activity with LC50 values of 16 mg/mL in both cases. Other plant extracts also exhibited good anthelmintic activity with LC50 values ranging from 16 to 52 mg/mL, while the value for albendazole (positive control) was 8.39 mg/mL. The limonoids nimbolide and 28-deoxonimbolide showed a binding affinity of -8.9 kcal/mol, and satisfied all drug-likeness parameters. The control ligand N-deacetyl-N-(2-mercaptoacetyl)colchicine had a binding affinity of -6.9 kcal/mol. CONCLUSION Further in silico and in vitro studies are warranted on the identified limonoids to confirm the potential of these derivatives as novel drug templates for helminthiases. The current study supports the need for an ethnobotanical survey-based approach to discover novel drug templates for helminthiases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khairuzzaman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tuhin Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sheuly Akter
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh; Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Dr Kudrat-e-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Nasrin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khirul Islam
- Department of Life Technologies, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Akhlak Un Nahar
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Dipto Kumer Sarker
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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Nguyen VT, Park AR, Duraisamy K, Vo DD, Kim JC. Elucidation of the nematicidal mode of action of grammicin on Caenorhabditis elegans. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105244. [PMID: 36464355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grammicin (Gra) is derived from the endophytic fungus Xylaria grammica EL000614 and shows nematicidal activity against the devastating root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in-vitro, in planta, and in-field experiments. However, the mechanism of the nematicidal action of Gra remains unclear. In this study, Gra exposure to the model genetic organism Caenorhabditis elegans affected its L1, L2/3, L4, and young adult stages. In addition, Gra treatment increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of C. elegans and M. incognita. Molecular docking interaction analysis indicated that Gra could bind and interact with GCS-1, GST-4, and DAF-16a in order of low binding energy, followed by SOD-3, SKN-1, and DAF-16b. This implies that the anthelmintic action of Gra is related to the oxidative stress response. To validate this mechanism, we examined the expression of the genes involved in the oxidative stress responses following treatment with Gra using transgenic C. elegans strains such as the TJ356 strain zIs356 [daf-16p::daf-16a/b::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], LD1 ldIs7 [skn-1p::skn-1b/c::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], LD1171 ldIs3 [gcs-1p::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)], CL2166 dvIs19 [(pAF15) gst-4p::GFP::NLS], and CF1553 strain muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6 (su1006)]. Gra treatment caused nuclear translocation of DAF-16/FoxO and enhanced gst-4::GFP expression, but it had no change in sod-3::GFP expression. These results indicate that Gra induces oxidative stress response via phase II detoxification without reduced cellular redox machinery. Gra treatment also inhibited the nuclear localization of SKN-1::GFP in the intestine, which may lead to a condition in which oxidative stress tolerance is insufficient to protect C. elegans by the inactivation of SKN-1, thus inducing nematode lethality. Furthermore, Gra caused the mortality of two mutant strains of C. elegans, CB113 and DA1316, which are resistant to aldicarb and ivermectin, respectively. This indicates that the mode of action of Gra is different from the traditional nematicides currently in use, suggesting that it could help develop novel approaches to control plant-parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalaiselvi Duraisamy
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Duy Vo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Edwards A, Deberry K, Mariani H, Taylor DH, Cochran NJ, Barrios Sosa AC, Scott AR, Williamson RT, Tirla C, Sandefur C, Alexander CC. Myrica cerifera, a Medicinal Plant of the Lumbee Tribe, has Antibacterial and Nematicidal Properties. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH 2022; 19:3-11. [PMID: 36159598 PMCID: PMC9503373 DOI: 10.33697/ajur.2022.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently threatening the world of medicine is a growing number of antibiotic-resistant diseases. More specifically, bacteria and nematodes have gained resistance to many of the world's leading antibiotics and nematicides, respectively, making infections more difficult to treat. Subsequently, these parasitic organisms are able to continue damaging crops and other living organisms like humans without strong interference. To help people and the environment, the development of new and novel antibiotics is vital. Previous research suggests that phytochemicals are a potential solution that will not only help inhibit bacterial growth but also reduce nematode survival. We hypothesized that Myrica cerifera, a plant often used by the Lumbee tribe to treat illness, possesses antibacterial and nematicidal properties. To answer our hypothesis, we began by collecting plant specimens to extract material for biological assays and to subsequently isolate and elucidate the structures of active components. The extract was evaluated for antibacterial properties with an agar diffusion assay and then nematicidal properties using Caenorhabditis elegans. M. cerifera extract was added onto an agar lawn at various doses, and the nematodes' lifespans were scored. The findings of this study show that extracts of this plant, more commonly referred to as 'wax myrtle', do significantly decrease the lifespan of C. elegans and increase the zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, two compounds were isolated and characterized through chemical extraction, chromatographic separation, and spectroscopic analysis. These compounds could potentially be used to treat bacterial and nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Edwards
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Kazhmiri Deberry
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Hannah Mariani
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Darian H Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC
| | - Nicholas J Cochran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC
| | - Ana C Barrios Sosa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC
| | - Andrea Regan Scott
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - R Thomas Williamson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC
| | - Cornelia Tirla
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
| | - Conner Sandefur
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC
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Liu D, Wang Z, Zhou JJ, Gan X. Design, synthesis and nematocidal activity of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives with a 1,3,4-thiadiazole amide moiety. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2046580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhengxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Design, Synthesis and Antifungal/Nematicidal Activity of Novel 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives Containing Amide Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031596. [PMID: 35163522 PMCID: PMC8836147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases that are caused by fungi and nematodes have become increasingly serious in recent years. However, there are few pesticide chemicals that can be used for the joint control of fungi and nematodes on the market. To solve this problem, a series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives containing amide fragments were designed and synthesized. Additionally, the bioassays revealed that the compound F15 demonstrated excellent antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) in vitro, and the EC50 value of that was 2.9 μg/mL, which is comparable with commonly used fungicides thifluzamide and fluopyram. Meanwhile, F15 demonstrated excellent curative and protective activity against S. sclerotiorum-infected cole in vivo. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the hyphae of S. sclerotiorum treated with F15 became abnormally collapsed and shriveled, thereby inhibiting the growth of the hyphae. Furthermore, F15 exhibited favorable inhibition against the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) of the S. sclerotiorum (IC50 = 12.5 μg/mL), and the combination mode and binding ability between compound F15 and SDH were confirmed by molecular docking. In addition, compound F11 showed excellent nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita at 200 μg/mL, the corrected mortality rate was 93.2%, which is higher than that of tioxazafen.
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High-content approaches to anthelmintic drug screening. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:780-789. [PMID: 34092518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Most anthelmintics were discovered through in vivo screens using animal models of infection. Developing in vitro assays for parasitic worms presents several challenges. The lack of in vitro life cycle culture protocols requires harvesting worms from vertebrate hosts or vectors, limiting assay throughput. Once worms are removed from the host environment, established anthelmintics often show no obvious phenotype - raising concerns about the predictive value of many in vitro assays. However, with recent progress in understanding how anthelmintics subvert host-parasite interactions, and breakthroughs in high-content imaging and machine learning, in vitro assays have the potential to discern subtle cryptic parasite phenotypes. These may prove better endpoints than conventional in vitro viability assays.
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Guest M, Kriek N, Flemming AJ. Studies of an insecticidal inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the nematode C. elegans. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104604. [PMID: 32828380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the mode of action of the insecticide spirotetramat in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A combination of symptomology, forward genetics and genome editing show that spirotetramat acts on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in C. elegans, as it does in insects. We found C. elegans embryos exposed to spirotetramat show a cell division defect which closely resembles the phenotype of loss-of-function mutations in the gene pod-2, which encodes ACC. We then identified two mutations in the carboxyl transferase domain of pod-2 (ACC) which confer resistance and were confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9. One of these mutations substitutes an invertebrate-specific amino acid with one ubiquitous in other taxa; this residue may, therefore, be a determinant of the selectivity of spirotetramat for invertebrates. Such a mutation may also be the target of selection for resistance in the field. Our study is a further demonstration of the utility of C. elegans in studying bioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guest
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - N Kriek
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - A J Flemming
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
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Ma J, Gao B, Wang R, Li X, Chen S. Transcriptome analyses of Ditylenchus destructor in responses to cold and desiccation stress. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20180057. [PMID: 32232317 PMCID: PMC7198036 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify molecular responses in Ditylenchus destructor to cold and desiccation by means of transcriptomes analyses. A total of 102,517 unigenes were obtained, with an average length of 1,076 bp, in which 58,453 (57%) had a functional annotation. A total of 1154 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributed over 1078 unigenes were detected. Gene expression profiles in response to cold and desiccation stress and the expression of specific stress-related genes were compared. Gene ontology analysis and pathway-based analysis were used to further investigate the functions of the differentially expressed genes. The reliability of the sequencing data was verified through quantitative real-time PCR analysis of 19 stress-related genes. RNA interference used to further assess the functions of the cold-related unigenes 15628 and 15596 showed that the knockdown of each of these genes led to decreased cold tolerance of D. destructor. Hence, this study revealed molecular processes and pathways active in cold- or dessication-treated nematodes. The transcriptome profiles presented in this study provide insight into the transcriptome complexity and will contribute to further understand stress tolerance in D. destructor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Rongyan Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
| | - Shulong Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences /IPM centre of Hebei Province/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Baoding, China
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Kamal M, Moshiri H, Magomedova L, Han D, Nguyen KCQ, Yeo M, Knox J, Bagg R, Won AM, Szlapa K, Yip CM, Cummins CL, Hall DH, Roy PJ. The marginal cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx scavenge cholesterol and other hydrophobic small molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3938. [PMID: 31477732 PMCID: PMC6718421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a bacterivore filter feeder. Through the contraction of the worm’s pharynx, a bacterial suspension is sucked into the pharynx’s lumen. Excess liquid is then shunted out of the buccal cavity through ancillary channels made by surrounding marginal cells. We find that many worm-bioactive small molecules (a.k.a. wactives) accumulate inside of the marginal cells as crystals or globular spheres. Through screens for mutants that resist the lethality associated with one crystallizing wactive we identify a presumptive sphingomyelin-synthesis pathway that is necessary for crystal and sphere accumulation. We find that expression of sphingomyelin synthase 5 (SMS-5) in the marginal cells is not only sufficient for wactive accumulation but is also important for absorbing exogenous cholesterol, without which C. elegans cannot develop. We conclude that sphingomyelin-rich marginal cells act as a sink to scavenge important nutrients from filtered liquid that might otherwise be shunted back into the environment. The C. elegans nematode worm is a filter-feeder and requires dietary sources of cholesterol. Here, the authors show that the C. elegans pharynx works as a filter to scavenge hydrophobic small molecules from its surrounding liquid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Kamal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Houtan Moshiri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Lilia Magomedova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Duhyun Han
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ken C Q Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - May Yeo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Rachel Bagg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Amy M Won
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Karolina Szlapa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Yip
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Cummins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - David H Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Peter J Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Liu M, Veryser C, Lu JG, Wenseleers T, De Borggraeve WM, Jiang ZH, Luyten W. Bioassay-guided isolation of active substances from Semen Torreyae identifies two new anthelmintic compounds with novel mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:421-428. [PMID: 29933012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Semen Torreyae, the seeds of Torreya grandis Fortune ex Lindley (Cephalotaxaceae) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 version). It is widely used for treating intestinal parasites in China, owing to its desirable efficacy and safety. However, the anthelmintic compounds in Semen Torreyae have not yet been identified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to identify the compounds active against helminths from Semen Torreyae. In addition, we tested whether C. elegans strains resistant to currently-used anthelmintic drugs showed cross-resistance to these compounds. METHODS A bioassay-guided isolation of anthelmintic compounds from Semen Torreyae was performed using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) testing model. The structures of active compounds were elucidated by a combination of GC-MS, high resolution MS, and NMR. The median-effect method was employed to generate a combination index (CI) to evaluate the synergistic effect of the anthelmintic compounds. A panel of C. elegans mutant strains resistant against the major anthelmintic drug classes was used to study the cross-resistance to currently-used anthelmintic drugs. A panel of transient receptor potential (TRP) channel mutant strains was also tested to explore the possible mechanisms of action of the anthelmintic compounds. RESULTS The bioassay-guided isolation led to two active compounds, i.e. galangal acetate (IC50: 58.5 ± 8.9 μM) and miogadial (IC50: 25.1 ± 5.4 μM). The combination of galangal acetate and miogadial resulted in a synergistic effect at IC50, IC70, and IC90 levels (CIs < 1). Galangal acetate and miogadial demonstrated similar activity against drug-resistant C. elegans strains compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, none of the TRP mutants was significantly resistant to galangal acetate or miogadial compared to wild type worms. CONCLUSIONS We identified the bioactive compounds from Semen Torreyae responsible for its anthelmintic activity: galangal acetate and miogadial. The two anthelmintic compounds demonstrated a synergistic effect against C. elegans. Galangal acetate and miogadial are unlikely to act on the targets of currently-used anthelmintics (ivermectin, levamisole, benomyl and aldicarb), and an action on TRP channels appears to be ruled out as well. In summary, galangal acetate and miogadial are promising anthelmintic hits worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxuan Liu
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2465, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2466, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, box 2404, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, box 2465, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Refai O, Blakely RD. Blockade and reversal of swimming-induced paralysis in C. elegans by the antipsychotic and D2-type dopamine receptor antagonist azaperone. Neurochem Int 2018; 123:59-68. [PMID: 29800604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) exerts powerful modulatory control of physiology and behavior across phylogeny. Perturbations of DA signaling in humans are associated with multiple neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders, including Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, addiction and schizophrenia. In the nematode C. elegans, DA signaling regulates mating behavior, learning, food seeking and locomotion. Previously, we demonstrated that loss of function mutations in the dat-1 gene that encodes the presynaptic DA transporter (DAT-1) results in a rapid cessation of movement when animals are placed in water, termed Swimming Induced Paralysis (Swip). Loss of function mutations in genes that support DA biosynthesis, DA vesicular packaging and DA action at the extrasynaptic D2-type DA receptor DOP-3 suppress Swip in dat-1 animals, consistent with paralysis as arising from excessive DA signaling. Although animals grown on the vesicular monoamine transporter antagonist reserpine diminish Swip, the drug must be applied chronically, can impact the signaling of multiple biogenic amines, and has been reported to have penetrant, off-target actions. Here, we demonstrate that the antipsychotic drug azaperone potently and rapidly suppresses Swip behavior in either dat-1 mutants, as well as in wildtype animals treated with the DAT-1 antagonist nisoxetine, with genetic experiments consistent with DOP-3 antagonism as the mechanism of Swip suppression. Reversal of Swip in previously paralyzed dat-1 animals by azaperone application demonstrates an otherwise functionally-intact swimming circuit in these mutants. Finally, whereas azaperone suppresses DA-dependent Swip, the drug fails to attenuate the DA-independent paralysis induced by βPEA, aldicarb or genetic disruption of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling. We discuss our findings with respect to the use of azaperone as a potent and selective tool in the identification and analysis of presynaptic mechanisms that regulate DA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Refai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA; Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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