1
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Assis BPN, Chaves AT, Lage DP, Cardoso MM, Pereira IAG, Câmara RSB, Freitas CS, Martins VT, Ludolf F, de Oliveira ALG, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Tavares GSV, Galdino AS, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Christodoulides M, Gonçalves DU, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Coelho EAF, da Costa Rocha MO. A recombinant chimeric antigen constructed with B-cell epitopes from Mycobacterium leprae hypothetical proteins is effective for the diagnosis of leprosy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116338. [PMID: 38718661 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis if leprosy is difficult, as it requires clinical expertise and sensitive laboratory tests. In this study, we develop a serological test for leprosy by using bioinformatics tools to identify specific B-cell epitopes from Mycobacterium leprae hypothetical proteins, which were used to construct a recombinant chimeric protein, M1. The synthetic peptides were obtained and showed good reactivity to detect leprosy patients, although the M1 chimera have showed sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) values higher than 90.0% to diagnose both paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients, but not those developing tegumentary or visceral leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, Chagas disease, malaria, histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, in ELISA experiments. Using sera from household contacts, values for Se and Sp were 100% and 65.3%, respectively. In conclusion, our proof-of-concept study has generated data that suggest that a new recombinant protein could be developed into a diagnostic antigen for leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara P N Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes, Belo Horizonte, 30622-020, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana M Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela A G Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel S B Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-110, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura G de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro S Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, 35.501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, 88806-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, England, UK
| | - Denise U Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lílian L Bueno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Fujiwara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zhou YZ, Zhao YH, Fang WZ, Zhou YL, Chen CM, Gao ZH, Gu B, Guo XG, Duan CH. Establishment of droplet digital PCR for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116351. [PMID: 38896891 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults usually leads to vaginitis and acute urethritis, and infection through the birth canal in newborns can lead to acute neonatal conjunctivitis. In view of certain factors such as a high missed detection rate of N.gonorrhoeae from staining microscopy method, the time-consuming nature and limited sensitivity of bacterial culture method, complicated and inability of absolute quantification from the ordinary PCR method. METHODS This study aims to establish a ddPCR system to detect N.gonorrhoeae in a absolute quantification, high specificity, high stability and accurate way. We selected the pgi1 gene as the target gene for the detection of N.gonorrhoeae. RESULTS The amplification efficiency was good in the ddPCR reaction, and the whole detection process could be completed in 94 min. It has a high sensitivity of up to 5.8 pg/μL. With a high specificity, no positive microdroplets were detected in 9 negative control pathogens in this experiment. In addition, ddPCR detection of N.gonorrhoeae has good repeatability, and the calculated CV is 4.2 %. CONCLUSIONS DdPCR detection technology has the characteristics of absolute quantification, high stability, high specificity and high accuracy of N.gonorrhoeae. It can promote the accuracy of the detecting of N.gonorrhoeae, providing a more scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhuo Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150, China
| | - Yun-Hu Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Fang
- Laboratory of Clinical, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510150, China
| | - Chu-Mao Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ze-Hang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xu-Guang Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The Third Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, King Med School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Chao-Hui Duan
- Laboratory of Clinical, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Lopes-Luz L, Saavedra DP, Fogaça MBT, Bührer-Sékula S, Stefani MMDA. Challenges and advances in serological and molecular tests to aid leprosy diagnosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2083-2094. [PMID: 38059475 PMCID: PMC10800132 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231209422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a neglected chronic infectious disease caused by obligate intracellular bacilli, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Despite multidrug therapy (MDT) success, leprosy accounts for more than 200,000 new cases yearly. Leprosy diagnosis remains based on the dermato-neurologic examination, but histopathology of skin biopsy and bacilloscopy of intradermal scraping are subsidiary diagnostic tests that require expertise and laboratory infrastructure. This minireview summarizes the state of the art of serologic tests to aid leprosy diagnosis, highlighting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and point-of-care tests (POCT) biotechnologies. Also, the impact of the postgenomic era on the description of new recombinantly expressed M. leprae-specific protein antigens, such as leprosy Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI) diagnostic (LID)-1 is summarized. Highly specific and sensitive molecular techniques to detect M. leprae DNA as the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are briefly reviewed. Serology studies using phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) semi-synthetic antigens, LID-1 fusion antigen, and the single fusion complex natural disaccharide-octyl (NDO)-LID show high sensitivity in multibacillary (MB) patients. However, serology is not applicable to paucibacillary patients, as they have weak humoral response and robust cell-mediated response, requiring tests for cellular biomarkers. Unlike ELISA-based tests, leprosy-specific POCT based on semi-synthetic PGL-I antigens and NDO-LID 1 antigen is easy to perform, cheaper, equipment-free, and can contribute to early diagnosis avoiding permanent incapacities and helping to interrupt M. leprae transmission. Besides its use to help diagnosis of household contacts or at-risk populations in endemic areas, potential applications of leprosy serology include monitoring MDT efficacy, identification of recent infection, especially in young children, as surrogate markers of disease progression to orient adult chemoprophylaxis and as a predictor of type 2 leprosy reactions. Advances in molecular biology techniques have reduced the complexity and execution time of qPCR confirming its utility to help diagnosis while leprosy-specific LAMP holds promise as an adjunct test to detect M. leprae DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brasil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, UFG-Merck S/A. Alliance, Goiânia 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brasil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, UFG-Merck S/A. Alliance, Goiânia 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brasil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, UFG-Merck S/A. Alliance, Goiânia 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brasil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, UFG-Merck S/A. Alliance, Goiânia 74690-900, Brasil
| | - Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brasil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, UFG-Merck S/A. Alliance, Goiânia 74690-900, Brasil
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4
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Li J, Fu X, Sun L, Xue X, Liu H, Zhang F. Case Report: Lepromatous Leprosy and Psoriasis: An Uncommon Coincidence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:317-319. [PMID: 36572011 PMCID: PMC9896323 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease, and psoriasis, an inflammatory disorder, are distinct entities. Epidemiology data show that these two diseases are almost mutually exclusive, with only a few reported cases of their coexistence. Here, we present the case of a patient manifesting intermingled psoriatic and leprosy lesions diagnosed as borderline lepromatous leprosy and plaque psoriasis. Of note, Mycobacterium leprae bacilli were detected not only in the two types of lesions but also in normal-appearing skin and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xi’an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotong Xue
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Hospital of Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Dide-Agossou C, Rossmassler K, Reid J, Purohit J, Savic RM, Nahid P, Phillips PP, Moore CM, Walter ND. MOVER approximated CV: A tool for quantifying precision in ratiometric droplet digital PCR assays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114664. [PMID: 35192991 PMCID: PMC8923918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Droplet digital PCR is a particularly valuable tool for ratiometric assays because it provides simultaneous absolute quantification of two target sequences in a single assay. This manuscript addresses a challenge in establishing a new ratiometric droplet digital PCR assay for use in sputum, the rRNA synthesis ratio. In principle, the methods established to evaluate precision and determine the limit of quantification for a single measurand cannot be applied to a ratiometric assay. The precision of a ratio depends on precision in both the numerator and denominator. Here, we evaluated the MOVER approximated coefficient of variation as indicator of assay precision that does not require technical replicates. We estimated the MOVER approximated coefficient of variation in dilution series and routine assays and evaluated its agreement with the traditional coefficient of variation. We found that the MOVER approximated coefficient of variation was able to recapitulate the traditional coefficient of variation without the requirement for replicate assays. We also demonstrated that the MOVER approximated coefficient of variation threshold can be used to define the limit of quantification of the rRNA synthesis Ratio. In conclusion, the MOVER approximated coefficient of variation may be useful not only for the rRNA synthesis ratio but for other assays that measure ratios via droplet digital PCR.
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Fan Y, Chen J, Liu M, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yue P, Cao W, Ji Z, Su X, Wen S, Kong J, Zhou G, Li B, Dong Y, Liu A, Bao F. Application of Droplet Digital PCR to Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Infections: A Narrative Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:1067-1076. [PMID: 35313727 PMCID: PMC8934166 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s349607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, which has seriously endangered human health for many years. With the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant MTB, the prevention and treatment of TB has become a pressing need. Early diagnosis, drug resistance monitoring, and control of disease transmission are critical aspects in the prevention and treatment of TB. However, the currently available diagnostic technologies and drug sensitivity tests are time consuming, and thus, it is difficult to achieve the goal of early diagnosis and detection drug sensitivity, which results in limited control of disease transmission. The development of molecular testing technology has gradually achieved the vision of rapid and accurate diagnosis of TB. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is an excellent nucleic acid quantification method with high sensitivity and no need for a calibration curve. Herein, we review the application of ddPCR in TB diagnosis and drug resistance detection and transmission monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fan
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Yue
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Ji
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Su
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Kong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Li
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Dong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Aihua Liu; Fukai Bao, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Fukai Bao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650030, People’s Republic of China
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Mi Z, Wang Z, Xue X, Liu T, Wang C, Sun L, Yu G, Zhang Y, Shi P, Sun Y, Yang Y, Ma S, Wang Z, Yu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang F. The immune-suppressive landscape in lepromatous leprosy revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Discov 2022; 8:2. [PMID: 35013182 PMCID: PMC8748782 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-021-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lepromatous leprosy (L-LEP), caused by the massive proliferation of Mycobacterium leprae primarily in macrophages, is an ideal disease model for investigating the molecular mechanism of intracellular bacteria evading or modulating host immune response. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of both skin biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of L-LEP patients and healthy controls. In L-LEP lesions, we revealed remarkable upregulation of APOE expression that showed a negative correlation with the major histocompatibility complex II gene HLA-DQB2 and MIF, which encodes a pro-inflammatory and anti-microbial cytokine, in the subset of macrophages exhibiting a high expression level of LIPA. The exhaustion of CD8+ T cells featured by the high expression of TIGIT and LAG3 in L-LEP lesions was demonstrated. Moreover, remarkable enhancement of inhibitory immune receptors mediated crosstalk between skin immune cells was observed in L-LEP lesions. For PBMCs, a high expression level of APOE in the HLA-DRhighFBP1high monocyte subset and the expansion of regulatory T cells were found to be associated with L-LEP. These findings revealed the primary suppressive landscape in the L-LEP patients, providing potential targets for the intervention of intracellular bacteria caused persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Mi
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Xiaotong Xue
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Tingting Liu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Chuan Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Lele Sun
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Gongqi Yu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Peidian Shi
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yongliang Yang
- grid.460018.b0000 0004 1769 9639Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Yueqian Yu
- grid.410587.fShandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XHuman Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Development and evaluation of a molecular based protocol for detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium spp. In wastewater. Exp Parasitol 2022; 234:108216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lei S, Chen S, Zhong Q. Digital PCR for accurate quantification of pathogens: Principles, applications, challenges and future prospects. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:750-759. [PMID: 34171259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens pose a severe threat to food safety and human health. The traditional methods for pathogen detection can't meet the growing diagnosis and control need. Digital PCR (dPCR) attracts a considerable attention for its ability to absolutely quantify pathogens with features of high selectivity, simplicity, accuracy and rapidity. The dPCR technique that achieves absolute quantification based on end-point measurement without standard curve offers a guideline for further genetic analysis and molecular diagnosis. It could contribute to the quantification of low level of nucleic acid, early detection and timely prevention of pathogenic diseases. In this review, 1442 publications about dPCR were selected and the detections of various pathogens by dPCR were reviewed comprehensively, including viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. A number of examples are cited to illustrate that dPCR is a new powerful tool with desired accuracy, sensitivity, and reproducibility for quantification of different types of pathogens. Moreover, the benefits, challenges and future prospects of the dPCR were also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Song Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Sharma R, Singh P, McCoy RC, Lenz SM, Donovan K, Ochoa MT, Estrada-Garcia I, Silva-Miranda M, Jurado-Santa Cruz F, Balagon MF, Stryjewska B, Scollard DM, Pena MT, Lahiri R, Williams DL, Truman RW, Adams LB. Isolation of Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Development of Molecular Diagnostic Assays to Distinguish Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:e262-e269. [PMID: 31732729 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium leprae was thought to be the exclusive causative agent of leprosy until Mycobacterium lepromatosis was identified in a rare form of leprosy known as diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL). METHODS We isolated M. lepromatosis from a patient with DLL and propagated it in athymic nude mouse footpads. Genomic analysis of this strain (NHDP-385) identified a unique repetitive element, RLPM, on which a specific real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was developed. The RLPM assay, and a previously developed RLEP quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for M. leprae, were validated as clinical diagnostic assays according to Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments guidelines. We tested DNA from archived histological sections, patient specimens from the United States, Philippines, and Mexico, and US wild armadillos. RESULTS The limit of detection for the RLEP and RLPM assays is 30 M. leprae per specimen (0.76 bacilli per reaction; coefficient of variation, 0.65%-2.44%) and 122 M. lepromatosis per specimen (3.05 bacilli per reaction; 0.84%-2.9%), respectively. In histological sections (n = 10), 1 lepromatous leprosy (LL), 1 DLL, and 3 Lucio reactions contained M. lepromatosis; 2 LL and 2 Lucio reactions contained M. leprae; and 1 LL reaction contained both species. M. lepromatosis was detected in 3 of 218 US biopsy specimens (1.38%). All Philippines specimens (n = 180) were M. lepromatosis negative and M. leprae positive. Conversely, 15 of 47 Mexican specimens (31.91%) were positive for M. lepromatosis, 19 of 47 (40.43%) were positive for M. leprae, and 2 of 47 (4.26%) contained both organisms. All armadillos were M. lepromatosis negative. CONCLUSIONS The RLPM and RLEP assays will aid healthcare providers in the clinical diagnosis and surveillance of leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.,National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, MP India
| | - Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kelly Donovan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria T Ochoa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Iris Estrada-Garcia
- Departamento Immunologia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Silva-Miranda
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (National Council of Science and Technology)-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fermin Jurado-Santa Cruz
- Centro Dermatológico Dr. Ladislao de la Pascua, Secretaria de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marivic F Balagon
- Leonard Wood Memorial, Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Barbara Stryjewska
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - David M Scollard
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Maria T Pena
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ramanuj Lahiri
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Diana L Williams
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richard W Truman
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Linda B Adams
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Healthcare Systems Bureau, National Hansen's Disease Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Joshi S, Dixit KK, Sharma V, Ramesh V, Singh R, Salotra P. Rapid Multiplex Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (m-LAMP) Assay for Differential Diagnosis of Leprosy and Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:2085-2090. [PMID: 33872215 PMCID: PMC8176499 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) are co-endemic neglected tropical diseases often misdiagnosed because of close resemblance in their clinical manifestations. The test that aids in differential diagnosis of leprosy and PKDL would be useful in endemic areas. Here, we report development of a multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (m-LAMP) assay for differential detection of Mycobacterium leprae and Leishmania donovani using a real-time fluorometer. The m-LAMP assay was rapid with a mean amplification time of 15 minutes, and analytical sensitivity of 1 fg for L. donovani and 100 fg for M. leprae. The distinct mean Tm values for M. leprae and L. donovani allowed differentiation of the two organisms in the m-LAMP assay. Diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was evaluated by using confirmed cases of leprosy (n = 40) and PKDL (n = 40) (tissue and slit aspirate samples). All the leprosy and PKDL samples used in this study were positive by organism-specific QPCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays. The diagnostic sensitivity of the m-LAMP assay was 100% (95% CI: 91.2-100.0%) for detecting PKDL and 95% for leprosy (95% CI: 83.1-99.4%). Our m-LAMP assay was successfully used to detect both M. leprae and L. donovani in a patient coinfected with leprosy and macular PKDL. The m-LAMP assay is rapid, accurate, and applicable for differential diagnosis of leprosy versus PKDL, especially in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Keerti K. Dixit
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanila Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - V. Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Salotra
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
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12
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Puerarin enhances intestinal function in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6552. [PMID: 33753826 PMCID: PMC7985190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerarin has been reported to be an excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent, but the potential effect of puerarin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether puerarin could alleviate intestinal injury in piglets infected with PEDV. A PEDV (Yunnan province strain) infection model was applied to 7-day-old piglets at 104.5 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose). Piglets were orally administered with puerarin at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg body weight from day 5 to day 9. On day 9 of the trial, piglets were inoculated orally with PEDV. Three days later, jugular vein blood and intestinal samples were collected. Results showed puerarin reduced morbidity of piglets infected with PEDV. In addition, puerarin reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase, the ratio of serum aspartate aminotransferase to serum alanine aminotransferase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils, and the plasma concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as protein abundances of heat shock protein-70 in PEDV-infected piglets. Moreover, puerarin increased D-xylose concentration but decreased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration and diamine oxidase activity in the plasma of piglets infected with PEDV. Puerarin increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, while decreasing the activities of myeloperoxidase and concentration of hydrogen peroxide in both the intestine and plasma of PEDV-infected piglets. Puerarin decreased mRNA levels of glutathione S-transferase omega 2 but increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. Furthermore, puerarin increased the abundance of total eubacteria (16S rRNA), Enterococcus genus, Lactobacillus genus and Enterobacteriaceae family in the intestine, but reduced the abundance of Clostridium coccoides in the caecum. These data indicate puerarin improved intestinal function in piglets infected by PEDV and may be a promising supplement for the prevention of PEDV infection.
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13
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Chen B, Xie Y, Zhang N, Li W, Liu C, Li D, Bian S, Jiang Y, Yang Z, Li R, Feng Y, Zhang X, Shi D. Evaluation of Droplet Digital PCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Candidemia in Blood Samples. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700008. [PMID: 34603226 PMCID: PMC8480469 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a promising tool for the diagnosis of pathogens, especially in samples with low concentrations of pathogenic DNA. An early diagnosis of candidemia is critical for the effective treatment of patients. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of ddPCR assay for Candida DNA detection both in vitro by mixing fungal cells with human blood and in vivo by analyzing blood samples from infected mice and patients with suspected candidemia. The results showed that ddPCR assay could detect a minimum of 4.5 DNA copies per reaction in blood samples. ddPCR showed higher sensitivity and specificity for Candida DNA detection than traditional culture and quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods and also exhibited significantly better positive and negative predictive values than the culture and qPCR methods that were commonly used in clinical practice. Hence, our study demonstrates that ddPCR assay is a promising method for the timely diagnosis of candidemia and could be useful for monitoring the treatment of candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yingguang Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shaodong Bian
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Zhiya Yang
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Renzhe Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Clinical Medicine College, Jining Medical College, Jining, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Xiaojie Zhang,
| | - Dongmei Shi
- The Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Dongmei Shi,
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14
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Development of a droplet digital PCR method for detection of Streptococcus agalactiae. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:179. [PMID: 32576134 PMCID: PMC7310480 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is the causative pathogen of puerperal sepsis in pregnant women and pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis in infants. Infection of GBS is responsible for the increased morbidity in pregnant women and the elderly, and bring challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, culture-based approaches to detect S.agalactiae is time-consuming with limited sensitivity. Besides, real-time quantitative PCR demands expensive instruments with tedious steps. Thus, we aim to establish a new detection method for more accurate and rapid detection of S.agalactiae. Results The ddPCR primer targeted the CpsE gene showed better amplified efficiency in the reaction. The limit of detection for GBS DNA with ddPCR was able to reach 5 pg/μL. Moreover, no positive amplified signals could be detected in the reactions which served 11 non-GBS strains DNA as templates. Furthermore, the coefficient of variation of this method was 4.5%, indicating excellent repeatability of ddPCR assay. Conclusions In our study, ddPCR was performed as a rapid detection of S.agalactiae with high sensitivity and specificity. This technique can promote the accuracy of the diagnosis of GBS infection and provide a scientific basis for clinical treatment.
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15
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Zhao Q, Sun Y, Liu H, Zhang F. Prevention and Treatment of Leprosy - China, 2009-2019. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:53-56. [PMID: 34594761 PMCID: PMC8393067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Furen Zhang,
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16
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Barbosa MDS, de Sousa IBA, Simionatto S, Borsuk S, Marchioro SB. Recombinant polypeptide of Mycobacterium leprae as a potential tool for serological detection of leprosy. AMB Express 2019; 9:201. [PMID: 31848766 PMCID: PMC6917672 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current prevention methods for the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, are inadequate as suggested by the rate of new leprosy cases reported. Simple large-scale detection methods for M. leprae infection are crucial for early detection of leprosy and disease control. The present study investigates the production and seroreactivity of a recombinant polypeptide composed of various M. leprae protein epitopes. The structural and physicochemical parameters of this construction were assessed using in silico tools. Parameters like subcellular localization, presence of signal peptide, primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and 3D model were ascertained using several bioinformatics tools. The resultant purified recombinant polypeptide, designated rMLP15, is composed of 15 peptides from six selected M. leprae proteins (ML1358, ML2055, ML0885, ML1811, ML1812, and ML1214) that induce T cell reactivity in leprosy patients from different hyperendemic regions. Using rMLP15 as the antigen, sera from 24 positive patients and 14 healthy controls were evaluated for reactivity via ELISA. ELISA-rMLP15 was able to diagnose 79.17% of leprosy patients with a specificity of 92.86%. rMLP15 was also able to detect the multibacillary and paucibacillary patients in the same proportions, a desirable addition in the leprosy diagnosis. These results summarily indicate the utility of the recombinant protein rMLP15 in the diagnosis of leprosy and the future development of a viable screening test.
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Chen X, Xing Y, He J, Tan F, You Y, Wen Y. Develop and Field Evolution of Single Tube Nested PCR, SYBRGreen PCR Methods, for the Diagnosis of Leprosy in Paraffin-embedded Formalin Fixed Tissues in Yunnan Province, a Hyper endemic Area of Leprosy in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007731. [PMID: 31577795 PMCID: PMC6774503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Detection and pathology analysis of Mycobacterium leprae using skin biopsy tissues are essential for leprosy diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment. Although formalin fixation of patient tissues may not be ideal for molecular studies, biopsy samples are the most accessible material from suspected cases. Therefore, clinical molecular laboratories must be able to utilize formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material. Objective To determine the best molecular method for diagnosing and monitoring leprosy in FFPE specimens, we developed a single-tube nested PCR (STNPCR) (131 bp) and SYBRGreen PCR (101 bp) assay using primers for the M. leprae-specific repetitive element (RLEP) gene and evaluated the results compared to those using previously established RLEP primers (372 bp). Methods FFPE biopsy samples obtained from 145 leprosy patients (during or after multidrug therapy (MDT)) and patients with 29 other confounding dermatoses were examined by the bacteria index (BI) and by simple PCR, STNPCR, and SYBRGreen PCR using primers amplifying a 372-bp, 131-bp or 101-bp fragment of RLEP, respectively. Results In leprosy patients receiving MDT, STNPCR showed a highest specificity of 100% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%. For multibacillary (MB), paucibacillary (PB) and all leprosy patients, the highest sensitivities were 91.42%, 39.13%, and 67.92%, negative predictive values (NPVs) were 8.57%, 60.36%, and 32.07%, and the highest accuracies were 93.93%, 62.67%, and 74.81%, respectively, higher than the results of SYBRGreen PCR and simple PCR. For post-MDT leprosy patients, SYBRGreen PCR showed the highest sensitivity of 50.0%, highest specificity of 100%, a PPV of 100%, an NPV of 100% and the highest accuracy of 83.72% for MB patients, which were higher than those of STNPCR and simple PCR. STNPCR showed the highest sensitivity of 26.66% and 34.48%, highest specificity of 100% and 100%, a PPV of 100% and 100%, NPV of 72.50% and 60.21%, and highest accuracy of 75.00% and 67.24% for PB and leprosy patients, respectively, higher than those of SYBRGreen PCR and simple PCR. Conclusions These findings suggest that STNPCR or SYBRGreen PCR (131-bp and 101-bp fragment amplification, respectively) for RLEP using FFPE specimens performs better as a diagnostic test and for monitoring response to MDT than does simple PCR based on 372-bp fragment amplification. Additionally, STNPCR showed increased sensitivity for PB diagnosis using FFPE specimens, which can be transferred remotely or retrieved from previous leprosy patients. Leprosy is one of the oldest diseases known to humankind and is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Despite being curable, leprosy is still a notorious disease, causing serious disability and a stigma generally associated with late diagnosis. The disease is challenging to diagnose because there is no gold standard method for detecting M. leprae or its cellular components (DNA, lipids or proteins). In past decades, different PCR methods were developed to amplify different M. leprae gene targets, such as the RLEP gene, with high sensitivity in leprosy diagnosis using skin biopsy and slit skin smear (SSS) specimens. However, few reports have focused on FFPE specimens. Because FFPE specimens can be transferred remotely or retrieved from previous leprosy patients, we developed and evaluated the STNPCR assay for detecting M. leprae in these specimens. Our results suggest that STNPCR of RLEP using FFPE specimens performs better as a diagnostic test and for monitoring response to MDT than does simple PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Chen
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (YW)
| | - Yan Xing
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fuyue Tan
- Wenshan Institute of Dermatology, Wenshan Dermatology Hospital, The Alliance Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuangang You
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XC); (YW)
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