1
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Liu L, Lucero B, Manriquez-Rodriguez C, Francisco KR, Teixeira TR, Yohannan DJ, Ballatore C, Myers SA, O’Donoghue AJ, Caffrey CR. Clickable Probes for Pathogen Proteasomes: Synthesis and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:34829-34840. [PMID: 39157084 PMCID: PMC11325529 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The 20S proteasome is a multimeric protease complex that is essential for proteostasis in the cell. Small molecule proteasome inhibitors are approved drugs for various cancers and are advancing clinically as antiparasitics. Although tools and technologies to study the 20S proteasome have advanced, only one probe is commercially available to image proteasome activity. This probe consists of a fluorescently labeled, peptidyl vinyl sulfone that binds to one or more of the catalytic proteasome subunits. Here, we synthesized two, active site-directed epoxyketone probes, LJL-1 and LJL-2, that were based on the peptidyl backbones of the anticancer drugs, carfilzomib and bortezomib, respectively. Each probe was conjugated, via click chemistry, to a bifunctional group comprising 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) and biotin to, respectively, visualize and enrich the 20S proteasome from protein extracts of two eukaryotic pathogens, Leishmania donovani and Trichomonas vaginalis. Depending on species, each probe generated a different subunit-binding profile by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the biotin tag enabled the enrichment of the bound subunits which were then formally identified by proteomics. Species differences in the order of electrophoretic migration by the β subunits were also noted. Finally, both probes reacted specifically with the 20S subunits in contrast to the commercial vinyl sulfone probe that cross reacted with cysteine proteases. LJL-1 and LJL-2 should find general utility in the identification and characterization of pathogen proteasomes, and serve as reagents to evaluate the specificity and mechanism of binding of new antiparasitic proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence
J. Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Cindy Manriquez-Rodriguez
- Center
for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla
Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Laboratory
for Immunochemical Circuits, La Jolla Institute
for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Karol R. Francisco
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thaiz R. Teixeira
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Darius J. Yohannan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Samuel A. Myers
- Center
for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla
Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Laboratory
for Immunochemical Circuits, La Jolla Institute
for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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2
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Banerjee S, Minshall N, Webb H, Carrington M. How are Trypanosoma brucei receptors protected from host antibody-mediated attack? Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400053. [PMID: 38713161 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei is the causal agent of African Trypanosomiasis in humans and other animals. It maintains a long-term infection through an antigenic variation based population survival strategy. To proliferate in a mammal, T. brucei acquires iron and haem through the receptor mediated uptake of host transferrin and haptoglobin-hemoglobin respectively. The receptors are exposed to host antibodies but this does not lead to clearance of the infection. Here we discuss how the trypanosome avoids this fate in the context of recent findings on the structure and cell biology of the receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Minshall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helena Webb
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Carrington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Koester DC, Marx VM, Williams S, Jiricek J, Dauphinais M, René O, Miller SL, Zhang L, Patra D, Chen YL, Cheung H, Gable J, Lakshminarayana SB, Osborne C, Galarneau JR, Kulkarni U, Richmond W, Bretz A, Xiao L, Supek F, Wiesmann C, Honnappa S, Be C, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Ritchie R, Barrett MP, Diagana TT, Sarko C, Rao SPS. Discovery of Novel Quinoline-Based Proteasome Inhibitors for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). J Med Chem 2022; 65:11776-11787. [PMID: 35993839 PMCID: PMC9469205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector-borne disease caused by kinetoplastid parasites of the Trypanosoma genus. The disease proceeds in two stages, with a hemolymphatic blood stage and a meningo-encephalic brain stage. In the latter stage, the parasite causes irreversible damage to the brain leading to sleep cycle disruption and is fatal if untreated. An orally bioavailable treatment is highly desirable. In this study, we present a brain-penetrant, parasite-selective 20S proteasome inhibitor that was rapidly optimized from an HTS singleton hit to drug candidate compound 7 that showed cure in a stage II mouse efficacy model. Here, we describe hit expansion and lead optimization campaign guided by cryo-electron microscopy and an in silico model to predict the brain-to-plasma partition coefficient Kp as an important parameter to prioritize compounds for synthesis. The model combined with in vitro and in vivo experiments allowed us to advance compounds with favorable unbound brain-to-plasma ratios (Kp,uu) to cure a CNS disease such as HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C. Koester
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Vanessa M. Marx
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sarah Williams
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jan Jiricek
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Maxime Dauphinais
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Olivier René
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sarah L. Miller
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Debjani Patra
- Novartis
Institutes for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Yen-Liang Chen
- Lead
Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Tropical
Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Harry Cheung
- Lead
Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Tropical
Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jonathan Gable
- Lead
Discovery, Novartis Institutes for Tropical
Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Suresh B. Lakshminarayana
- Pharmacokinetic
Sciences, Novartis Institutes for Tropical
Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin Osborne
- Pharmacokinetic
Sciences, Pharmacology and Comparative Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jean-Rene Galarneau
- Preclinical
Safety, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Upendra Kulkarni
- Chemical
and Pharmaceutical Profiling, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wendy Richmond
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Angela Bretz
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Linda Xiao
- Pharmacology, Novartis Institutes for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Srinivas Honnappa
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Be
- Novartis
Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, CH 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, CH 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Ritchie
- University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, U.K
| | | | - Thierry T. Diagana
- Novartis
Institutes for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Christopher Sarko
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes
for Biomedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Srinivasa P. S. Rao
- Novartis
Institutes for Tropical Diseases, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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4
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Cavaco M, Castanho MARB, Neves V. The Use of Antibody-Antibiotic Conjugates to Fight Bacterial Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835677. [PMID: 35330773 PMCID: PMC8940529 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly increasing and it is one of the significant twenty-first century's healthcare challenges. Unfortunately, the development of effective antimicrobial agents is a much slower and complex process compared to the spread of AMR. Consequently, the current options in the treatment of AMR are limited. One of the main alternatives to conventional antibiotics is the use of antibody-antibiotic conjugates (AACs). These innovative bioengineered agents take advantage of the selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety of antibodies, allowing the administration of more potent antibiotics with less off-target effects. Although AACs' development is challenging due to the complexity of the three components, namely, the antibody, the antibiotic, and the linker, some successful examples are currently under clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vera Neves
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Nanotechnological interventions for treatment of trypanosomiasis in humans and animals. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 10:945-961. [PMID: 32383004 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma. It is one of the major causes of deaths in underprivileged, rural areas of Africa, America and Asia. Depending on the parasite species responsible for the disease, it can take two forms namely African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease). The complete life-cycle stages of trypanosomes span between insect vector (tsetse fly, triatomine bug) and mammalian host (humans, animals). Only few drugs have been approved for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Moreover, current trypanocidal therapy has major limitations of poor efficacy, serious side effects and drug resistance. Due to the lack of economic gains from tropical parasitic infection, it has always been neglected by the researchers and drug manufacturers. There is an immense need of more effective innovative strategies to decrease the deaths associated with this diseases. Nanotechnological approaches for delivery of existing drugs have shown significant improvement in efficacy with many-fold decrease in their dose. The review emphasizes on nanotechnological interventions in the treatment of trypanosomiasis in both humans and animals. Current trypanocidal therapy and their limitations have also been discussed briefly. Graphical abstract.
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6
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Ramamurthy D, Nundalall T, Cingo S, Mungra N, Karaan M, Naran K, Barth S. Recent advances in immunotherapies against infectious diseases. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltaa007. [PMID: 38626281 PMCID: PMC7717302 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are disease management strategies that target or manipulate components of the immune system. Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to human health as evidenced by countries continuing to grapple with several emerging and re-emerging diseases, the most recent global health threat being the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As such, various immunotherapeutic approaches are increasingly being investigated as alternative therapies for infectious diseases, resulting in significant advances towards the uncovering of pathogen-host immunity interactions. Novel and innovative therapeutic strategies are necessary to overcome the challenges typically faced by existing infectious disease prevention and control methods such as lack of adequate efficacy, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. As evidenced by recent developments and success of pharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunotherapies already show abundant promise to overcome such limitations while also advancing the frontiers of medicine. In this review, we summarize some of the most notable inroads made to combat infectious disease, over mainly the last 5 years, through the use of immunotherapies such as vaccines, mAb-based therapies, T-cell-based therapies, manipulation of cytokine levels, and checkpoint inhibition. While its most general applications are founded in cancer treatment, advances made towards the curative treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, malaria, zika virus and, most recently COVID-19, reinforce the role of immunotherapeutic strategies in the broader field of disease control. Ultimately, the comprehensive specificity, safety, and cost of immunotherapeutics will impact its widespread implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharanidharan Ramamurthy
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trishana Nundalall
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sanele Cingo
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maryam Karaan
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Determinants of Use of Biotherapeutics in sub-Saharan Africa. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 42:75-84. [PMID: 33358177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biologic drugs are reshaping clinical practice in various disciplines, even while access to them is imbalanced across global settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, biotherapeutics have potential roles to play in the treatment of a range of conditions that include infectious and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, the literature is scarce on guidance for addressing local access challenges, including technical, regulatory, affordability, and other healthcare delivery aspects. This article aims to assess fundamental determinants of use of biologic medicines in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose is to inform strategic actions of scientists, physicians, policymakers, and other stakeholders that are working to improve access to innovative therapies in low resource parts of the world.
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8
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Macleod OJS, Bart JM, MacGregor P, Peacock L, Savill NJ, Hester S, Ravel S, Sunter JD, Trevor C, Rust S, Vaughan TJ, Minter R, Mohammed S, Gibson W, Taylor MC, Higgins MK, Carrington M. A receptor for the complement regulator factor H increases transmission of trypanosomes to tsetse flies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1326. [PMID: 32165615 PMCID: PMC7067766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent pathogens have evolved to avoid elimination by the mammalian immune system including mechanisms to evade complement. Infections with African trypanosomes can persist for years and cause human and animal disease throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It is not known how trypanosomes limit the action of the alternative complement pathway. Here we identify an African trypanosome receptor for mammalian factor H, a negative regulator of the alternative pathway. Structural studies show how the receptor binds ligand, leaving inhibitory domains of factor H free to inactivate complement C3b deposited on the trypanosome surface. Receptor expression is highest in developmental stages transmitted to the tsetse fly vector and those exposed to blood meals in the tsetse gut. Receptor gene deletion reduced tsetse infection, identifying this receptor as a virulence factor for transmission. This demonstrates how a pathogen evolved a molecular mechanism to increase transmission to an insect vector by exploitation of a mammalian complement regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J S Macleod
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Jean-Mathieu Bart
- Intertryp, IRD, Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Paula MacGregor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Lori Peacock
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Nicholas J Savill
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Svenja Hester
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Sophie Ravel
- Intertryp, IRD, Cirad, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jack D Sunter
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Camilla Trevor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca R&D, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Steven Rust
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca R&D, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Tristan J Vaughan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca R&D, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Ralph Minter
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca R&D, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Wendy Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Mark Carrington
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK.
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9
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Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Kojima S, Carter D, Okabe H, Sato A, Akahata W, Wells TNC, Katsuno K. Reassessing therapeutic antibodies for neglected and tropical diseases. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007860. [PMID: 31999695 PMCID: PMC6991954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades there has been a significant expansion in the number of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are approved by regulators. The discovery of these new medicines has been driven primarily by new approaches in inflammatory diseases and oncology, especially in immuno-oncology. Other recent successes have included new antibodies for use in viral diseases, including HIV. The perception of very high costs associated with mAbs has led to the assumption that they play no role in prophylaxis for diseases of poverty. However, improvements in antibody-expression yields and manufacturing processes indicate this is a cost-effective option for providing protection from many types of infection that should be revisited. Recent technology developments also indicate that several months of protection could be achieved with a single dose. Moreover, new methods in B cell sorting now enable the systematic identification of high-quality antibodies from humanized mice, or patients. This Review discusses the potential for passive immunization against schistosomiasis, fungal infections, dengue, and other neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dee Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and The Marie Bashir Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Wataru Akahata
- VLP Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kei Katsuno
- Global Health Innovative Technology Fund, Tokyo, Japan
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
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10
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Peptides, Antibodies, Peptide Antibodies and More. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246289. [PMID: 31847088 PMCID: PMC6941022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The applications of peptides and antibodies to multiple targets have emerged as powerful tools in research, diagnostics, vaccine development, and therapeutics. Antibodies are unique since they, in theory, can be directed to any desired target, which illustrates their versatile nature and broad spectrum of use as illustrated by numerous applications of peptide antibodies. In recent years, due to the inherent limitations such as size and physical properties of antibodies, it has been attempted to generate new molecular compounds with equally high specificity and affinity, albeit with relatively low success. Based on this, peptides, antibodies, and peptide antibodies have established their importance and remain crucial reagents in molecular biology.
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11
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Laustsen AH. How can monoclonal antibodies be harnessed against neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1103-1112. [PMID: 31364421 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1646723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Monoclonal antibody-based therapies now represent the single-largest class of molecules undergoing clinical investigation. Although a handful of different monoclonal antibodies have been clinically approved for bacterial and viral indications, including rabies, therapies based on monoclonal antibodies are yet to fully enter the fields of neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases. Areas covered: This review presents the current state-of-the-art in the development and use of monoclonal antibodies against neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as envenomings by animal bites and stings. Additionally, a short section on mushroom poisonings is included. Key challenges for developing antibody-based therapeutics are discussed for each of these fields. Expert opinion: Neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases represent a golden opportunity for academics and technology developers for advancing our scientific capabilities within the understanding and design of antibody cross-reactivity, use of oligoclonal antibody mixtures for multi-target neutralization, novel immunization methodologies, targeting of evasive pathogens, and development of fundamentally novel therapeutic mechanisms of action. Furthermore, a huge humanitarian and societal impact is to gain by exploiting antibody technologies for the development of biotherapies against diseases, for which current treatment options are suboptimal or non-existent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark , Kongens Lyngby , Denmark
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