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Ziogas A, Bruno M, van der Meel R, Mulder WJM, Netea MG. Trained immunity: Target for prophylaxis and therapy. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1776-1791. [PMID: 37944491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a de facto memory for innate immune responses, leading to long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. In physiological conditions, trained immunity leads to adaptive states that enhance resistance against pathogens and contributes to immunosurveillance. Dysregulated trained immunity can however lead either to defective innate immune responses in severe infections or cancer or to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases if trained immunity is inappropriately activated. Here, we review the immunological and molecular mechanisms that mediate trained immunity induction and propose that trained immunity represents an important target for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches in human diseases. On the one hand, we argue that novel approaches that induce trained immunity may enhance vaccine efficacy. On the other hand, induction of trained immunity in cancer, and inhibition of exaggerated induction of trained immunity in inflammatory disorders, are viable targets amenable for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Ziogas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariolina Bruno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Angulo M, Angulo C. Immunometabolic changes of β-glucan-trained immunity induction and inhibition on neonatal calf immune innate cells. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:58-68. [PMID: 37271010 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing antibiotic resistance and low-efficient vaccines make searching for alternatives a need to fight infectious diseases in newborn calves. Thus, trained immunity could be used as a tool to optimize immune response against a wide range of pathogens. Although β-glucans have shown to induce trained immunity, it has not been demonstrated in bovines yet. Uncontrolled trained immunity activation can generate chronic inflammation in mice and humans, and inhibiting it might reduce excessive immune activation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that in vitro β-glucan training induces metabolic changes in calf monocytes, characterized by an increase in lactate production and glucose consumption upon restimulation with lipopolysaccharide. These metabolic shifts can be abolished by co-incubation with MCC950, a trained immunity inhibitor. Moreover, the dose-response relationship of β-glucan on the viability of calf monocytes was demonstrated. In newborn calves, in vivo β-glucan oral administration also induced a trained phenotype in innate immune cells, leading to immunometabolic changes, upon ex vivo challenge with E.coli. β-glucan-induced trained immunity improved phagocytosis, nitric oxide production, myeloperoxidase activity, and TNF-α gene expression through up-regulation genes of the TLR2/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, β-glucan oral doses enhanced consumption and production of glycolysis metabolites (glucose and lactate, respectively), as well as up-regulated expression of mTOR and HIF1-α mRNA. Therefore, the results suggest that β-glucan immune training may confer calf protection from a secondary bacterial challenge, and trained phenotype induced by β-glucan can be inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS CP 23096, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS CP 23096, Mexico.
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3
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Zhang W, Song N, Gao Y, Xie X, Liu K, Cao Y, Jin N. Astragalus polysaccharides protects against acute leptospirosis by glycolysis-depended priming effect. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113198. [PMID: 35676790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic leptospira, is a neglected infectious disease that causes acute kidney injury, bleeding disorders, and even death. People can become infected with leptospirosis when they travel into epidemic areas. Except for vaccines and antibiotics, there are few reports of other drugs about prevention of leptospirosis. In this study, we show that the natural molecular compound, astragalus polysaccharides (APS), prevents against acute leptospirosis in hamsters. Pretreatment with APS improved the survival rate of hamsters with more minor organ damage and lower leptospira burden. After pretreatment with APS, the expression levels of leptospira-induced TLR2, TLR4, and TNF-α were enhanced. The priming effect of APS was studied in vitro. The data showed that leptospira-induced expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were higher in APS-primed peritoneal macrophage, with enhanced glucose consumption and lactate production. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that pretreatment with APS down regulated respiratory chain and mitochondrial function, up regulated glycolysis related gene expressions. After pretreatment with glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG), the priming effect of APS in leptospira infection was inhibited. Our results indicated that pretreatment with natural molecular compound, APS, protected against acute leptospirosis in hamsters by priming effect through enhanced glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xufeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, People's Republic of China.
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Barazzone GC, Teixeira AF, Azevedo BOP, Damiano DK, Oliveira MP, Nascimento ALTO, Lopes APY. Revisiting the Development of Vaccines Against Pathogenic Leptospira: Innovative Approaches, Present Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760291. [PMID: 35046936 PMCID: PMC8761801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human vaccination against leptospirosis has been relatively unsuccessful in clinical applications despite an expressive amount of vaccine candidates has been tested over years of research. Pathogenic Leptospira encompass a great number of serovars, most of which do not cross-react, and there has been a lack of genetic tools for many years. These obstacles have hampered the understanding of the bacteria's biology and, consequently, the identification of an effective antigen. Thus far, many approaches have been used in an attempt to find a cost-effective and broad-spectrum protective antigen(s) against the disease. In this extensive review, we discuss several strategies that have been used to develop an effective vaccine against leptospirosis, starting with Leptospira-inactivated bacterin, proteins identified in the genome sequences of pathogenic Leptospira, including reverse vaccinology, plasmid DNA, live vaccines, chimeric multi-epitope, and toll- and nod-like receptors agonists. This overview should be able to guide scientists working in the field to select potential antigens and to choose the appropriate formulation to administer the candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana C. Barazzone
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline F. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna O. P. Azevedo
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah K. Damiano
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos P. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L. T. O. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P. Y. Lopes
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Vacinas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tran HTT, Truong AD, Chu NT, Vu HN, Nguyen HT, Nguyen T, Siti F, Lee H, Leon AD, Yersin AG, Dang HV. Inhibition of African swine fever virus replication by β-glucan. Open Vet J 2022; 12:1027-1034. [PMID: 36650869 PMCID: PMC9805760 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i6.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important diseases in pigs because of its effects on all ages and breeds. To date, commercial vaccines and drugs for the prevention of ASF are lacking in the market and the survival of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in various environmental, farm, and or feed matrices has allowed the virus to remain, causing new outbreaks in the pig population. Besides biosecurity and animal husbandry management practices, the improvement of the host immune responses is critical to control, managing, and preventing ASF. Aim In this study, we investigated the protective role of β-glucan against ASFV infection using a porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) model. Methods The effects of β-glucan on cell proliferation were evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The potential effects of β-glucan against a field ASFV strain isolated in Vietnam were further examined by real-time PCR and hemadsorption assays. The interferon (IFN)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 protein production induced by β-glucan was determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Our results demonstrated that the β-glucan additive possessed an immune stimulus factor against ASFV. Specifically, protection of PAMs against ASFV infection in vitro was observed at 12 hours (p < 0.05) at the tested doses (30 and 50 µg/ml) as induced by incubation with β-glucan for 2 hours. These effects remained until 24 hours after post-infection. Additionally, at a high dose (50 µg/ml), pre-treatment with the β-glucan statistically increased the expression levels of IFNα and IL-6 when compared to untreated groups or only ASFV infection. Conclusion Together, these findings indicated that the β-glucan may protect the host against ASFV infection via the multiple cellular immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Thanh Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anh Duc Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nhu Thi Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Nam Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tinh Nguyen
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific 12 Senoko Drive, 758200 Singapore
| | - Fatimah Siti
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific 12 Senoko Drive, 758200 Singapore
| | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific 12 Senoko Drive, 758200 Singapore
| | - Alexander De Leon
- Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific 12 Senoko Drive, 758200 Singapore
| | | | - Hoang Vu Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, 86 Truong Chinh, Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam,Corresponding Author: Hoang Vu Dang. Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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6
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IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0058421. [PMID: 34898251 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00584-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a globally spread zoonotic disease with outcomes ranging from subclinical infection to fatal Weil syndrome. In addition to antibiotics, some immune activators have shown protective effects against leptospirosis. However, the unclear relationship between Leptospira and cytokines, has limited the development of antileptospiral immunomodulators. In this study, the particular role of IL-10 in leptospirosis was explored by using IL-10 defective (IL-10-/-) hamsters. After Leptospira infection, an improved survival rate, reduced leptospiral burden and alleviation of organ lesions were found in IL-10-/- hamsters compared with WT hamsters. In addition, the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and the NO level were higher in IL-10-/- hamsters than in WT hamsters. Our results indicate that IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection.
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7
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Trained Immunity as an Adaptive Branch of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910684. [PMID: 34639025 PMCID: PMC8508929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of trained immunity has become one of the most interesting and potentially commercially and clinically relevant ideas of current immunology. Trained immunity is realized by the epigenetic reprogramming of non-immunocompetent cells, primarily monocytes/macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, and is less specific than adaptive immunity; therefore, it may cross-protect against other infectious agents. It remains possible, however, that some of the observed changes are simply caused by increased levels of immune reactions resulting from supplementation with immunomodulators, such as glucan. In addition, the question of whether we can talk about trained immunity in cells with a life span of only few days is still unresolved.
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8
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Cai J, Liu J, Fan P, Dong X, Zhu K, Liu X, Zhang N, Cao Y. Dioscin prevents DSS-induced colitis in mice with enhancing intestinal barrier function and reducing colon inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108015. [PMID: 34339962 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin derived from plants of the genus Dioscoreaceae. Previous studies have proved its effects of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic. In this study, our aim was to explore the protective effect and preliminary mechanism of Dioscin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The results showed that Dioscin reduced DSS-induced disease activity index (DAI) increase, colon length shortening and colon pathological damage. In addition, Dioscin reduced excessive inflammation by reversing the cytokines levels, reducing intestinal macrophage infiltration and promoting macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype. At the same time, Dioscin maintained the intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and mucin (Muc)-2. Moreover, Dioscin inhibited NF-κB, MAPK signaling and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain ontaining 3(NLRP3) inflammasome pathway in DSS-induced colitis. These results suggest that Dioscin is a competent candidate for ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapei Cai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiuxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Peng Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Vetvicka V, Teplyakova TV, Shintyapina AB, Korolenko TA. Effects of Medicinal Fungi-Derived β-Glucan on Tumor Progression. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:250. [PMID: 33806255 PMCID: PMC8065548 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans have been studied in animal species, from earthworms to humans. They form a heterogenous group of glucose polymers found in fungi, plants, bacteria, and seaweed. β-Glucans have slowly emerged as an important target for the recognition of pathogens. In the current review, we highlight the major roles of mushroom-derived β-glucans on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 630117, USA
| | - Tamara V. Teplyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Alexandra B. Shintyapina
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana A. Korolenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Models of Neurodegeneration, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, 4 Timakov St., 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Liu J, Xie X, Zhang W, Cao Y. Immune-enhanced effect of Iris polysaccharide is protective against leptospirosis. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104855. [PMID: 33757897 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species, is an essential but neglected zoonosis. There are more than 300 serovars of pathogenic Leptospira, while inactivated bacteria offers only short-term serovar-specific protection. Leptospirosis treatment is mainly dependent on the use of antibiotics. However, the side effects of antibiotics and the risk of antibiotic resistance remain major problems. Thus, alternative agents which are fewer side effects on humans and efficient in leptospirosis would be welcome. Many studies have reported that polysaccharides could be used as immunostimulants in treating infection and cancer. In this study, we examined the protective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Iris against leptospirosis. To our knowledge, it is the first time to report Iris polysaccharides (IP) as an immunostimulant in treating infection. The results showed that IP treatment significantly increased the survival rate of hamsters challenged by a lethal dose of leptospires. Besides, the tissue injury and leptospiral load were reduced in IP-treated infection group compared with the untreated infection group at 4 days post-infection (p.i.). Intriguingly, IP treatment sustained intense immune response at 4 days p.i. analyzed by qPCR. The results exhibited that the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was significantly increased in the group coinjected with IP and leptospires than in the infected controls. And the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were also up-regulated after IP treatment, except the expression of IL-1β in the kidney. Our results not only broaden the medicinal value of Iris, but also provide a competent candidate for the control of Leptospira infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuxi Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongguo Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Paris S, Chapat L, Martin-Cagnon N, Durand PY, Piney L, Cariou C, Bergamo P, Bonnet JM, Poulet H, Freyburger L, De Luca K. β-Glucan as Trained Immunity-Based Adjuvants for Rabies Vaccines in Dogs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564497. [PMID: 33162977 PMCID: PMC7580252 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of trained immunity have been extensively described in vitro and the beneficial effects are starting to be deciphered in in vivo settings. Prototypical compounds inducing trained immunity, such as β-glucans, act through epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic changes of innate immune cells. The recent advances in this field have opened new areas for the development of Trained immunity-based adjuvants (TIbAs). In this study, we assessed in dogs the potential immune training effects of β-glucans as well as their capacity to enhance the adaptive immune response of an inactivated rabies vaccine (Rabisin®). Injection of β-glucan from Euglena gracilis was performed 1 month before vaccination with Rabisin® supplemented or not with the same β-glucan used as adjuvant. Trained innate immunity parameters were assessed during the first month of the trial. The second phase of the study was focused on the ability of β-glucan to enhance adaptive immune responses measured by multiple immunological parameters. B and T-cell specific responses were monitored to evaluate the immunogenicity of the rabies vaccine adjuvanted with β-glucan or not. Our preliminary results support that adjuvantation of Rabisin® vaccine with β-glucan elicit a higher B-lymphocyte immune response, the prevailing factor of protection against rabies. β-glucan also tend to stimulate the T cell response as shown by the cytokine secretion profile of PBMCs re-stimulated ex vivo. Our data are providing new insights on the impact of trained immunity on the adaptive immune response to vaccines in dogs. The administration of β-glucan, 1 month before or simultaneously to Rabisin® vaccination give promising results for the generation of new TIbA candidates and their potential to provide increased immunogenicity of specific vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Paris
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, R&D, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, APCSe, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Agression in Sepsis, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
- Département Biologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Carine Cariou
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, R&D, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jeanne-Marie Bonnet
- Université de Lyon, APCSe, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Agression in Sepsis, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Hervé Poulet
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, R&D, Lyon, France
| | - Ludovic Freyburger
- Université de Lyon, APCSe, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Agression in Sepsis, VetAgro Sup-Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
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12
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Santecchia I, Ferrer MF, Vieira ML, Gómez RM, Werts C. Phagocyte Escape of Leptospira: The Role of TLRs and NLRs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571816. [PMID: 33123147 PMCID: PMC7573490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spirochetal bacteria Leptospira spp. are causative agents of leptospirosis, a globally neglected and reemerging zoonotic disease. Infection with these pathogens may lead to an acute and potentially fatal disease but also to chronic asymptomatic renal colonization. Both forms of disease demonstrate the ability of leptospires to evade the immune response of their hosts. In this review, we aim first to recapitulate the knowledge and explore the controversial data about the opsonization, recognition, intracellular survival, and killing of leptospires by scavenger cells, including platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Second, we will summarize the known specificities of the recognition or escape of leptospire components (the so-called microbial-associated molecular patterns; MAMPs) by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the Toll-like and NOD-like families. These PRRs are expressed by phagocytes, and their stimulation by MAMPs triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and bactericidal responses, such as antimicrobial peptide secretion and reactive oxygen species production. Finally, we will highlight recent studies suggesting that boosting or restoring phagocytic functions by treatments using agonists of the Toll-like or NOD receptors represents a novel prophylactic strategy and describe other potential therapeutic or vaccine strategies to combat leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Santecchia
- Institut Pasteur, Microbiology Department, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 2001 Microbiologie intégrative et Moléculaire, Paris, France.,INSERM, Equipe Avenir, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - María Florencia Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Monica Larucci Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Martín Gómez
- Laboratorio de Virus Animales, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Catherine Werts
- Institut Pasteur, Microbiology Department, Unité Biologie et Génétique de la Paroi Bactérienne, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 2001 Microbiologie intégrative et Moléculaire, Paris, France
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