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Zhang BC, Yang ZB, Liao RL, Ma ZQ, Zhang QJ, He QK, Duan XY, Liu MW. A case of scrub typhus with meningitis as the onset: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38613. [PMID: 38905360 PMCID: PMC11191975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Scrub typhus is a naturally occurring acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Although it can cause multiple organ dysfunction, central nervous system infections are uncommon. PATIENT CONCERNS A 17-year-old male presented with a 5-day history of fever and headaches. The MRI of the head revealed thickness and enhancement of the left temporal lobe and tentorium cerebelli, indicating potential inflammation. DIAGNOSES The patient was diagnosed with a central nervous system infection. INTERVENTIONS Ceftriaxone and acyclovir were administered intravenously to treat the infection, reduce fever, restore acid-base balance, and manage electrolyte disorders. OUTCOMES Despite receiving ceftriaxone and acyclovir as infection therapy, there was no improvement. Additional multipathogen metagenomic testing indicated the presence of O tsutsugamushi infection, and an eschar was identified in the left axilla. The diagnosis was changed to scrub typhus with meningitis and the therapy was modified to intravenous doxycycline. Following a 2-day therapy, the body temperature normalized, and the fever subsided. CONCLUSIONS The patient was diagnosed with scrub typhus accompanied by meningitis, and doxycycline treatment was effective. LESSION Rarely reported cases of scrub typhus with meningitis and the lack of identifiable symptoms increase the chance of misdiagnosis or oversight. Patients with central nervous system infections presenting with fever and headache unresponsive to conventional antibacterial and antiviral treatment should be considered for scrub typhus with meningitis. Prompt multipathogen metagenomic testing is recommended to confirm the diagnosis and modify the treatment accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Can Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zi-Bin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ren-Li Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiu-Juan Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian-Kun He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin-Ya Duan
- Department of Tuberculosis Diseases, Third People’s Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Ogawa T, Tsuzuki S, Ohbe H, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H, Kutsuna S. Analysis of Differences in Characteristics of High-Risk Endemic Areas for Contracting Japanese Spotted Fever, Tsutsugamushi Disease, and Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae025. [PMID: 38312217 PMCID: PMC10836194 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne infections, including tsutsugamushi disease, Japanese spotted fever, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), are prevalent in East Asia with varying geographic distribution and seasonality. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the characteristics among endemic areas for contracting each infection. Methods We conducted an ecologic study in Japan, using data from a nationwide inpatient database and publicly available geospatial data. We identified 4493 patients who were hospitalized for tick-borne infections between July 2010 and March 2021. Mixed-effects modified Poisson regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with a higher risk of contracting each tick-borne disease (Tsutsugamushi, Japanese spotted fever, and SFTS). Results Mixed-effects modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that environmental factors, such as temperature, sunlight duration, elevation, precipitation, and vegetation, were associated with the risk of contracting these diseases. Tsutsugamushi disease was positively associated with higher temperatures, farms, and forests, whereas Japanese spotted fever and SFTS were positively associated with higher solar radiation and forests. Conclusions Our findings from this ecologic study indicate that different environmental factors play a significant role in the risk of transmission of tick-borne infections. Understanding the differences can aid in identifying high-risk areas and developing public health strategies for infection prevention. Further research is needed to address causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Ogawa
- Department of Orthopedic, Saku General Hospital Saku Medical Center, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hiroyuki Ohbe
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Liu L, Xiao Y, Wei X, Li X, Duan C, Jia X, Jia R, Guo J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal epidemiology and risk factors of scrub typhus in Hainan Province, China, 2011-2020. One Health 2023; 17:100645. [PMID: 38024283 PMCID: PMC10665174 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The re-emergence of scrub typhus in the southern provinces of China in recent decades has been validated, thereby attracting the attention of public health authorities. There has been a spatial and temporal expansion of scrub typhus in Hainan Province, but the epidemiological characteristics, environmental drivers, and potential high-risk areas for scrub typhus have not yet been investigated. Objective The aims of this study were to characterize the spatiotemporal epidemiology of scrub typhus, identify dominant environmental risk factors, and map potential risk areas in Hainan Province from 2011 to 2020. Methods The spatiotemporal dynamics of scrub typhus in Hainan Province between 2011 and 2020 were analyzed using spatial analyses and seasonal-trend decomposition using regression (STR). The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was applied to determine the key environmental predictors and environmentally suitable areas for scrub typhus, and the demographic diversity of the predicted suitable zones was evaluated. Results During 2011-2020, 3260 scrub typhus cases were recorded in Hainan Province. The number of scrub typhus cases increased continuously each year, particularly among farmers (67.61%) and individuals aged 50-59 years (23.25%) who were identified as high-risk groups. A dual epidemic peak was detected, emerging annually from April to June and from July to October. The MaxEnt-based risk map illustrated that highly suitable areas, accounting for 25.36% of the total area, were mainly distributed in the northeastern part of Hainan Province, where 75.43% of the total population lived. Jackknife tests revealed that ground surface temperature, elevation, cumulative precipitation, evaporation, land cover, population density, and ratio of dependents were the most significant environmental factors. Conclusion In this study, we gained insights into the spatiotemporal epidemiological dynamics, pivotal environmental drivers, and potential risk map of scrub typhus in Hainan Province. These results have important implications for researchers and public health officials in guiding future prevention and control strategies for scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianyu Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyuan Duan
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinjing Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruizhong Jia
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Guo
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiushan Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang YC, Li JH, Qin Y, Qin SY, Chen C, Yang XB, Ma N, Dong MX, Lei CC, Yang X, Sun HT, Sun ZY, Jiang J. The Prevalence of Rodents Orientia tsutsugamushi in China During Two Decades: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:619-633. [PMID: 37625029 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Orientia tsutsugamushi is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen that requires parasitism in eukaryotic cells to reproduce. In recent years, tsutsugamushi disease reported in many places nationwide has crossed the Yangtze River, continuously, spreading to the North China. Now this phenomenon has aroused people's attention. Materials and Methods: In this study, meta-analysis was used to analyze the infection of rodents (vectors) in China, to clarify the transmission rule of O. tsutsugamushi. Results: This study included literature from six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP). A total of 55 articles were included in the study from 610 retrieved articles. The total infection rate of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was 5.5% (1206/20,620, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0553-0.0617). The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents before 2013 (7.73%, 95% CI: 4.11-12.37) was higher than after 2013 (2.11%, 95% CI: 0.64-4.41). O. tsutsugamushi spread among a variety of rodents, among which Rattus losea (13.3%, 95% CI: 4.33-26.26), Rattus tanezumi (5.69%, 95% CI: 1.37-12.72), and Apodemus agrarius (5.32%, 95% CI: 2.26-9.58) infection rate was higher. Kawasaki (8.32%, 95% CI: 1.42-20.17), Karp (7.36%, 95% CI: 2.62-14.22), Kato (2.54%, 95% CI: 0.08-8.28), and Gilliam (2.13%, 95% CI: 0.42-5.09) were the main prevalent genotypes in China. The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was seasonal, increasing gradually in summer (2.39%, 95% CI: 0.46-5.77), peaking in autumn (4.59%, 95% CI: 1.15-10.16), and then declining. The positive rate of immunofluorescence assay (25.07%, 95% CI: 8.44-46.88) was the highest among the detection methods, and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the subgroup of geographical factors and climatic factors, the probability of O. tsutsugamushi infection in rodents was the highest when the temperature >19℃ (8.20%, 95% CI: 1.22-20.52), the altitude <100 millimeters (7.23%, 95% CI: 3.45-12.26), the precipitation >700 millimeters (12.22%, 95% CI: 6.45-19.50), and the humidity 60-70% (7.80%, 95% CI: 4.17-12.44). Conclusions: Studies have shown that rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi are common. People should prevent and control rodents in life and monitor rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, PR China
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jing-Hao Li
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ya Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Si-Yuan Qin
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin-Bo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ming-Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Lei
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - He-Ting Sun
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Sun
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, PR China
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Sun H, Lei L, Li J, Niu H, Yang J, Chen M. Clinical treatment of patients with scrub typhus-induced liver injury and intracranial infection. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231214503. [PMID: 38008898 PMCID: PMC10683569 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231214503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Scrub typhus is an infectious disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, a bacterium within the family Rickettsiaceae. The clinical symptoms are usually acute and are characterized by fever, eschar formation or ulceration, local or generalized lymphadenopathy, and rash. Because of the extensive damage to small blood vessels throughout the body, scrub typhus can involve multiple systems and organs, causing damage to the respiratory, digestive, and nervous systems and inducing kidney and liver dysfunction. Death can occur in severe cases. We herein report two cases of scrub typhus with liver damage and intracranial infection. Among patients with scrub typhus, the risk of death is significantly higher in those who develop liver injury and intracranial infection. However, there are few reports on the treatment of patients with liver injury and intracranial infection caused by scrub typhus, and relevant treatment experience is thus lacking. Our clinical case report helps to fill the knowledge gap in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongKui Sun
- Critical Care Department, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
| | - JianWei Li
- Critical Care Department, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
| | - Haiming Niu
- Critical Care Department, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
| | - Jiezhang Yang
- Critical Care Department, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
| | - MiaoLian Chen
- Critical Care Department, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, China
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Li X, Li L, Zhou Z, Li T, An J, Zhang S, Xu X, Pu Y, Wang G, Jia Y, Liu X, Li Y. Soil potentially toxic element pollution at different urbanization intensities: Quantitative source apportionment and source-oriented health risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114550. [PMID: 36652743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic element (PTE) pollution of urban soils has become the focus of social concern, but the differences of the sources, pollution levels and source-oriented human health risks (HHR) of PTE in urban soils among different urban intensity areas is rarely known. This study explored a comprehensive scheme that combined positive matrix factorization model and source-oriented assessment to quantitatively assess the priority pollution sources and HHR in urban soils from areas with different urbanization intensities. All the average values for PTE concentrations, except for Cr, were higher than their corresponding background values. The contributions made by the four sources (atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, traffic activities, and natural sources) were relatively similar (22.29-29.89%) in the low urbanization intensity (LUI) area, whereas traffic activities and atmospheric deposition made the greatest contributions in the medium urbanization intensity (MUI) (29.12%) and the high urbanization intensity (HUI) (38.97%) areas, respectively. The geo-accumulation index results revealed that Cd was the most polluting element and the HUI area had the highest pollution levels. The content-oriented assessment of HHR demonstrated that the non-carcinogenic risks were acceptable, but the carcinogenic risks were unacceptable. According to the source-oriented HHR assessment, among the anthropogenic activities, atmospheric deposition contributed the most to carcinogenic risk of children in all areas, and atmospheric deposition, traffic activities and agricultural activities contributed the most to the carcinogenic risk of adults in HUI, MUI and LUI, respectively. This suggest that control measures need to be tailored to the appropriate urbanization intensity to effectively curb PTE pollution caused by anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ji An
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongxia Jia
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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He J, Wang Y, Liu P, Yin W, Wei X, Sun H, Xu Y, Li S, Soares Magalhaes RJ, Guo Y, Zhang W. Co-effects of global climatic dynamics and local climatic factors on scrub typhus in mainland China based on a nine-year time-frequency analysis. One Health 2022; 15:100446. [PMID: 36277104 PMCID: PMC9582591 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scrub Typhus (ST) is a rickettsial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The number of ST cases has been increasing in China during the past decades, which attracts great concerns of the public health. Methods We obtained monthly documented ST cases greater than 54 cases in 434 counties of China during 2012-2020. Spatiotemporal wavelet analysis was conducted to identify the ST clusters with similar pattern of the temporal variation and explore the association between ST variation and El Niño and La Niña events. Wavelet coherency analysis and partial wavelet coherency analysis was employed to further explore the co-effects of global and local climatic factors on ST. Results Wavelet cluster analysis detected seven clusters in China, three of which are mainly distributed in Eastern China, while the other four clusters are located in the Southern China. Among the seven clusters, summer and autumn-winter peak of ST are the two main outbreak periods; while stable and fluctuated periodic feature of ST series was found at 12-month and 4-(or 6-) month according to the wavelet power spectra. Similarly, the three-character bands were also found in the associations between ST and El Niño and La Niña events, among which the 12-month period band showed weakest climate-ST association and the other two bands owned stronger association, indicating that the global climate dynamics may have short-term effects on the ST variations. Meanwhile, 12-month period band with strong association was found between the four local climatic factors (precipitation, pressure, relative humidity and temperature) and the ST variations. Further, partial wavelet coherency analysis suggested that global climatic dynamics dominate annual ST variations, while local climatic factors dominate the small periods. Conclusion The ST variations are not directly attributable to the change in large-scale climate. The existence of these plausible climatic determinants stimulates the interests for more insights into the epidemiology of ST, which is important for devising prevention and early warning strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China,Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of General Practice, Chinese PLA General Hospital-Sixth Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwu Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Wei
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyong Xu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes
- Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Child Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia,Correspondence to: Y Guo, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Correspondence to: W Zhang, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China.
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8
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Deng B, Rui J, Liang SY, Li ZF, Li K, Lin S, Luo L, Xu J, Liu W, Huang J, Wei H, Yang T, Liu C, Li Z, Li P, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Yang M, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhang N, Cheng XQ, Wang XC, Hu JL, Chen T. Meteorological factors and tick density affect the dynamics of SFTS in jiangsu province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010432. [PMID: 35533208 PMCID: PMC9119627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore whether the transmission routes of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) will be affected by tick density and meteorological factors, and to explore the factors that affect the transmission of SFTS. We used the transmission dynamics model to calculate the transmission rate coefficients of different transmission routes of SFTS, and used the generalized additive model to uncover how meteorological factors and tick density affect the spread of SFTS. Methods In this study, the time-varying infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes of SFTS in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2020 were calculated based on the previous multi-population multi-route dynamic model (MMDM) of SFTS. The changes in transmission routes were summarized by collecting questionnaires from 537 SFTS cases in 2018–2020 in Jiangsu Province. The incidence rate of SFTS and the infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes were dependent variables, and month, meteorological factors and tick density were independent variables to establish a generalized additive model (GAM). The optimal GAM was selected using the generalized cross-validation score (GCV), and the model was validated by the 2016 data of Zhejiang Province and 2020 data of Jiangsu Province. The validated GAMs were used to predict the incidence and infection rate coefficients of SFTS in Jiangsu province in 2021, and also to predict the effect of extreme weather on SFTS. Results The number and proportion of infections by different transmission routes for each year and found that tick-to-human and human-to-human infections decreased yearly, but infections through animal and environmental transmission were gradually increasing. MMDM fitted well with the three-year SFTS incidence data (P<0.05). The best intervention to reduce the incidence of SFTS is to reduce the effective exposure of the population to the surroundings. Based on correlation tests, tick density was positively correlated with air temperature, wind speed, and sunshine duration. The best GAM was a model with tick transmissibility to humans as the dependent variable, without considering lagged effects (GCV = 5.9247E-22, R2 = 96%). Reported incidence increased when sunshine duration was higher than 11 h per day and decreased when temperatures were too high (>28°C). Sunshine duration and temperature had the greatest effect on transmission from host animals to humans. The effect of extreme weather conditions on SFTS was short-term, but there was no effect on SFTS after high temperature and sunshine hours. Conclusions Different factors affect the infection rate coefficients of different transmission routes. Sunshine duration, relative humidity, temperature and tick density are important factors affecting the occurrence of SFTS. Hurricanes reduce the incidence of SFTS in the short term, but have little effect in the long term. The most effective intervention to reduce the incidence of SFTS is to reduce population exposure to high-risk environments. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging vector-borne disease caused by SFTS virus. After the first case was detected in China in 2009, SFTS endemic areas have gradually increased, with more than 23 provinces and cities reporting SFTS cases. In order to explore the transmission mechanism of SFTS and explain the impact of meteorological factors and tick density on the transmission routes of SFTS, this study collected SFTS cases data, meteorological data and tick surveillance data in Jiangsu Province from 2017 to 2019 to investigate the study question. The multi-population and multi-route dynamic model established in the previous study was used to calculate the infection rate coefficients of various transmission routes of SFTS in Jiangsu Province, and the generalized additive model was established to further elaborate the influence of SFTS transmission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-yi Liang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-feng Li
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-qing Cheng
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-chen Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-li Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JlH); (TC)
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (JlH); (TC)
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9
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Niu Y, Rui J, Wang Q, Zhang W, Chen Z, Xie F, Zhao Z, Lin S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Liu X, Yang M, Zheng W, Chen K, Xia Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Ji R, Jin T, Chen Y, Zhao B, Su Y, Song T, Chen T, Hu G. Containing the Transmission of COVID-19: A Modeling Study in 160 Countries. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:701836. [PMID: 34485337 PMCID: PMC8416347 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.701836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is much valuable to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control in the non-pharmacological intervention phase of the pandemic across countries and identify useful experiences that could be generalized worldwide. Methods: In this study, we developed a susceptible-exposure-infectious-asymptomatic-removed (SEIAR) model to fit the daily reported COVID-19 cases in 160 countries. The time-varying reproduction number (R t ) that was estimated through fitting the mathematical model was adopted to quantify the transmissibility. We defined a synthetic index (I AC ) based on the value of R t to reflect the national capability to control COVID-19. Results: The goodness-of-fit tests showed that the SEIAR model fitted the data of the 160 countries well. At the beginning of the epidemic, the values of R t of countries in the European region were generally higher than those in other regions. Among the 160 countries included in the study, all European countries had the ability to control the COVID-19 epidemic. The Western Pacific Region did best in continuous control of the epidemic, with a total of 73.76% of countries that can continuously control the COVID-19 epidemic, while only 43.63% of the countries in the European Region continuously controlled the epidemic, followed by the Region of Americas with 52.53% of countries, the Southeast Asian Region with 48% of countries, the African Region with 46.81% of countries, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region with 40.48% of countries. Conclusion: Large variations in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic existed across countries. The world could benefit from the experience of some countries that demonstrated the highest containment capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Niu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiupeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Journalism and Communication, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Media Analytics and Computing Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengnan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanzhao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Rongrong Ji
- Media Analytics and Computing Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Taisong Jin
- Media Analytics and Computing Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Benhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tie Song
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Sadanandane C, Elango A, Panneer D, Mary KA, Kumar NP, P Paily K, Mishra BB, Sankari T, Jambulingam P. Seasonal abundance of Leptotrombidium deliense, the vector of scrub typhus, in areas reporting acute encephalitis syndrome in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2021; 84:795-808. [PMID: 34328572 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rickettsial pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi, causing scrub typhus, has been implicated as a major cause of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in many places in India including Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Seasonal abundance of the principal vector mite of the pathogen, Leptotrombidium deliense, its animal hosts, and prevalence of infection on them are important attributes in the assessment of outbreaks of the disease. Hence, these aspects were investigated, seasonally, in rural villages of Gorakhpur district, where peak incidence of AES cases were reported. A total of 903 animals (rodents/shrews) was collected using 6484 Sherman traps in eight study villages (14% overall trap rate). A sum of 5526 trombiculid mites comprising 12 species was collected from 676 live rodents/shrews screened. Suncus murinus, the Asian house shrew was the predominant species (67%). Among trombiculids, the principal vector mite, L. deliense, was predominant (64.7%) and its infestation index (i.e., average number of chiggers per host animal) was 5.3. The L. deliense infestation index was higher during July to November with a peak in October. Out of 401 animal sera samples screened, 68% were positive for antibodies against O. tsutsugamushi. Of 465 blood samples tested by nested PCR, seven were positive for the 56 kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi. In conventional PCR, 41 out of 265 samples were positive for the 60 kDa groEL gene of O. tsutsugamushi. Among the 5526 mite samples, tested as 352 pools through nested PCR, four pools were positive for 56 kDa gene. Phylogenetic analysis of 56 and 60 kDa genes confirmed circulation of Karp and TA678 (rodents) and TA678 (mite) serotypes of O. tsutsugamushi in Gorakhpur. Peak incidence of AES in Gorakhpur district occurs during the rainy season (July-October), coinciding with the peak abundance of L. deliense. These results indicate involvement of L. deliense as the vector mite transmitting the scrub typhus pathogen O. tsutsugamushi to humans in the rural areas of Gorakhpur district, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candasamy Sadanandane
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Ayyanar Elango
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India.
| | - Devaraju Panneer
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | | | - Narendran Pradeep Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Kummankottil P Paily
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Bhuwan Bhaskar Mishra
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - Thirumal Sankari
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India
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