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Kavalakatt S, Khadir A, Madhu D, Devarajan S, Warsame S, AlKandari H, AlMahdi M, Koistinen HA, Al‐Mulla F, Tuomilehto J, Abubaker J, Tiss A. Circulating levels of urocortin neuropeptides are impaired in children with overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:472-481. [PMID: 35088550 PMCID: PMC9305428 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The corticotropin-releasing factor neuropeptides (corticotropin-releasing hormone [CRH] and urocortin [UCN]-1,2,3) and spexin contribute to the regulation of energy balance and inhibit food intake in mammals. However, the status of these neuropeptides in children with overweight has yet to be elucidated. This study investigated the effect of increased body weight on the circulating levels of these neuropeptides. METHODS A total of 120 children with a mean age of 12 years were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected to assess the circulating levels of neuropeptides and were correlated with various anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic markers. RESULTS Plasma levels of UCNs were altered in children with overweight but less so in those with obesity. Furthermore, the expression pattern of UCN1 was opposite to that of UCN2 and UCN3, which suggests a compensatory effect. However, no significant effect of overweight and obesity was observed on CRH and spexin levels. Finally, UCN3 independently associated with circulating zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein and UCN2 levels, whereas UCN1 was strongly predicted by TNFα levels. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in neuropeptide levels were primarily observed in children with overweight and were attenuated with increased obesity. This suggests the presence of a compensatory mechanism for neuropeptides to curb the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kavalakatt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Abdelkrim Khadir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
| | | | - Samia Warsame
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
| | | | | | - Heikki A. Koistinen
- Department of MedicineHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and WelfareFinnish Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Diabetes Research GroupKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research DivisionDasman Diabetes InstituteKuwait
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2
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Urocortin Neuropeptide Levels Are Impaired in the PBMCs of Overweight Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030429. [PMID: 35276788 PMCID: PMC8839374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and urocortins (UCNs) have been implicated in energy homeostasis and the cellular stress response. However, the expression of these neuropeptides in children remains unclear. Therefore, we determined the impact of obesity on their expression in 40 children who were normal weight, overweight, and had obesity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were used to assess the expression of neuropeptides. THP1 cells were treated with 25 mM glucose and 200 µM palmitate, and gene expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transcript levels of neuropeptides were decreased in PBMCs from children with increased body mass index as indicated by a significant decrease in UCN1, UCN3, and CRH mRNA in overweight and obese children. UCN3 mRNA expression was strongly correlated with UCN1, UCN2, and CRH. Exposure of THP1 cells to palmitate or a combination of high glucose and palmitate for 24 h increased CRH, UCN2, and UCN3 mRNA expression with concomitant increased levels of inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers, suggesting a crosstalk between these neuropeptides and the cellular stress response. The differential impairment of the transcript levels of CRH and UCNs in PBMCs from overweight and obese children highlights their involvement in obesity-related metabolic and cellular stress.
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Kavalakatt S, Khadir A, Madhu D, Koistinen HA, Al-Mulla F, Tuomilehto J, Abubaker J, Tiss A. Urocortin 3 overexpression reduces ER stress and heat shock response in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15666. [PMID: 34341463 PMCID: PMC8329193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide urocortin 3 (UCN3) has a beneficial effect on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It has been reported that UCN3 regulates insulin secretion and is dysregulated with increasing severity of obesity and diabetes. However, its function in the adipose tissue is unclear. We investigated the overexpression of UCN3 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes and its effects on heat shock response, ER stress, inflammatory markers, and glucose uptake in the presence of stress-inducing concentrations of palmitic acid (PA). UCN3 overexpression significantly downregulated heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP72 and HSP90) and ER stress response markers (GRP78, PERK, ATF6, and IRE1α) and attenuated inflammation (TNFα) and apoptosis (CHOP). Moreover, enhanced glucose uptake was observed in both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes, which is associated with upregulated phosphorylation of AKT and ERK but reduced p-JNK. Moderate effects of UCN3 overexpression were also observed in the presence of 400 μM of PA, and macrophage conditioned medium dramatically decreased the UCN3 mRNA levels in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of UCN3 in adipocytes are reflected, at least partially, by the improvement in cellular stress response and glucose uptake and attenuation of inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kavalakatt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Abdelkrim Khadir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, 15462, Dasman, Kuwait.
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4
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Qi J, Zhang X, Li Y, Xu S, Wang M, Chen H, Tang N, Wang S, Wang B, Chen D, Zhou B, Li Z. The suppression effects of feeding and mechanisms in CRF system of animals. Gene 2020; 733:144363. [PMID: 31935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CRF system is comprised of 4 homologous lineages, 2 main receptors (CRF-R1 and CRF-R2), and a binding protein CRF-BP. The homologous lineages are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urotensin I (UI)/sauvagine (SVG)/urocortin 1 (UCN1), urocortin 2 (UCN2), and urocortin 3 (UCN3), and UI, SVG, UCN1 are orthologous genes. CRF system genes are widely distributed in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, which may relate to feeding regulation. According the research progress about CRF system on mammals and non-mammals, this paper summarized the discovery, structure, tissue distribution, appetite regulation and mechanism of CRF system in animals, which can provide the reference for further research and production of feeding regulation and growth in mammals and fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qi
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 156# Gaozhuang Bridge Community, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 156# Gaozhuang Bridge Community, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Qi J, Tian Z, Tang N, Chen D, Li Z. Progress in understanding the roles of Urocortin3 (UCN3) in the control of appetite from studies using animal models. Peptides 2019; 121:170124. [PMID: 31415798 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin3 (UCN3), the newest member of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) family polypeptides, is an anorexic factor discovered in 2001, which has a strong inhibitory effect on animal appetite regulation. UCN3 is widely distributed in various tissues of animals and has many biological functions. Based on the research progress of UCN3 on mammals and non-mammals, this paper summarized the discovery, tissue distribution, appetite regulation and mechanism of UCN3 in animals, in order to provide a reference for feeding regulation and growth in mammals and fish in further research and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Tang N, Zhang X, Wang S, Qi J, Tian Z, Wang B, Chen H, Wu Y, Wang M, Xu S, Chen D, Li Z. UCN3 suppresses food intake in coordination with CCK and the CCK2R in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 234:106-113. [PMID: 31051262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin-3 (UCN3) as a brain-gut peptide inhibits food intake of animal, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. To explore the appetite mechanism about the action of UCN3 in fish, intraperitoneal injection of UCN3 with CCK8, Lorglumide (CCK1R antagonist) or LY225910 (CCK2R antagonist) were conducted. Siberian sturgeon administrated with UCN3 and CCK8 showed a drastic reduction in food intake. The anorectic effect of UCN3 was significantly blocked by LY225910, but not affected by Lorglumide. Furthermore, LY225910 could effectively reverse appetite factor mRNA expressions, including cck, pyy, cart, npy, ucn3, apelin and nucb2 in the whole brain, stomach and intestinum valvula, but Lorglumide could only partially reverse these effects, suggesting the anorectic effect of UCN3 may be primarily mediated CCK2R in Siberian sturgeon. This study indicates for the first time in fish that UCN3 may inhibit food intake in coordination with CCK and CCK2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengzhi Tian
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Kavalakatt S, Khadir A, Madhu D, Hammad M, Devarajan S, Abubaker J, Al-Mulla F, Tuomilehto J, Tiss A. Urocortin 3 Levels Are Impaired in Overweight Humans With and Without Type 2 Diabetes and Modulated by Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:762. [PMID: 31781037 PMCID: PMC6851015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Urocortin3 (UCN3) regulates metabolic functions and is involved in cellular stress response. Although UCN3 is expressed in human adipose tissue, the association of UCN3 with obesity and diabetes remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increased body weight on the circulatory and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) levels of UCN3 and assessed UCN3 modulation by a regular physical exercise. Normal-weight (n = 37) and overweight adults with and without T2D (n = 98 and n = 107, respectively) were enrolled in the study. A subset of the overweight subjects (n = 39 for each group) underwent a supervised 3-month exercise program combining both moderate intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training with treadmill. UCN3 levels in SAT were measured by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Circulatory UCN3 in plasma was assessed by ELISA and was correlated with various clinical and metabolic markers. Our data revealed that plasma UCN3 levels decreased in overweight subjects without T2D compared with normal-weight controls [median; 11.99 (0.78-86.07) and 6.27 (0.64-77.04), respectively; p < 0.001], whereas plasma UCN3 levels increased with concomitant T2D [median; 9.03 (0.77-104.92) p < 0.001]. UCN3 plasma levels were independently associated with glycemic index; fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (r = 0.16 and r = 0.20, p < 0.05, respectively) and were significantly different between both overweight, with and without T2D, and normal-weight individuals (OR = 2.11 [1.84-4.11, 95% CI] and OR = 2.12 [1.59-3.10, 95% CI], p < 0.01, respectively). Conversely, the UCN3 patterns observed in SAT were opposite to those in circulation; UCN3 levels were significantly increased with body weight and decreased with T2D. After a 3-month supervised exercise protocol, UCN3 expression showed a significant reduction in SAT of both overweight groups (2.3 and 1.6-fold change; p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, UCN levels are differentially dysregulated in obesity in a tissue-dependent manner and can be mitigated by regular moderate physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kavalakatt
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdelkrim Khadir
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maha Hammad
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad Abubaker
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ali Tiss
- Research Division, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Ali Tiss
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Hao J, Zhu J, Tang N, Qi J, Wang S, Wang H, Peng S, Liu J, Gao Y, Chen D, Li Z. Intraperitoneal injection urocortin-3 reduces the food intake of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Peptides 2016; 85:80-88. [PMID: 27667703 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urocortin-3 (UCN3), one of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) family peptides, which was discovered in 2001, has a variety of biological functions. However, the researches of UCN3 in fish were scarce. In order to understand whether UCN3 play a role in regulating food intake in fish, we first cloned the ucn3 cDNAs sequence of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii Brandt), and investigated the ucn3 mRNA levels in 11 tissues. The Siberian sturgeon ucn3 cDNA sequence was 1044bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 447bp that encoded 148 amino acids with a mature peptide of 40 amino acids, a 5'-terminal untranslated region (5'-UTR) of 162bp and a 3'-terminal untranslated region (3'-UTR) of 435bp. The result of tissue distribution showed that ucn3 widely distributed in 11 tissues with highest expression in brain. We also assessed the effects of periprandial (pre- and post-feeding), fasting and re-feeding on ucn3 mRNAs abundance in brain. The results showed the expression of ucn3 mRNA in brain was significantly elevated after feeding, decreased after fasting 17 days and increased after re-feeding. To further investigate the food intake role of UCN3 in Siberian sturgeon, we performed intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Siberian sturgeon UCN3 (SsUCN3) with three doses (60, 120 or 240ng/g) and recorded the food intake. Acute and chronic i.p. injection SsUCN3 reduced the food intake in a dose-dependent pattern. In conclusion, this study indicates that SsUCN3 acts as a satiety factor to inhibit the food intake of Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanbing Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Hao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieyao Zhu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yundi Gao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, China.
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Kunej T, Jevsinek Skok D, Zorc M, Ogrinc A, Michal JJ, Kovac M, Jiang Z. Obesity gene atlas in mammals. J Genomics 2013; 1:45-55. [PMID: 25031655 PMCID: PMC4091431 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.3996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in humans has increased at an alarming rate over the past two decades and has become one of the leading public health problems worldwide. Studies have revealed a large number of genes/markers that are associated with obesity and/or obesity-related phenotypes, indicating an urgent need to develop a central database for helping the community understand the genetic complexity of obesity. In the present study, we collected a total of 1,736 obesity associated loci and created a freely available obesity database, including 1,515 protein-coding genes and 221 microRNAs (miRNAs) collected from four mammalian species: human, cattle, rat, and mouse. These loci were integrated as orthologs on comparative genomic views in human, cattle, and mouse. The database and genomic views are freely available online at: http://www.integratomics-time.com/fat_deposition. Bioinformatics analyses of the collected data revealed some potential novel obesity related molecular markers which represent focal points for testing more targeted hypotheses and designing experiments for further studies. We believe that this centralized database on obesity and adipogenesis will facilitate development of comparative systems biology approaches to address this important health issue in human and their potential applications in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kunej
- 1. Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Dasa Jevsinek Skok
- 1. Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Minja Zorc
- 1. Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia; ; 2. Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, AL5, 2JQ, UK
| | - Ana Ogrinc
- 1. Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Jennifer J Michal
- 3. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351, USA
| | - Milena Kovac
- 1. Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- 3. Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6351, USA
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Dunner S, Sevane N, Garcia D, Levéziel H, Williams JL, Mangin B, Valentini A. Genes involved in muscle lipid composition in 15 European Bos taurus breeds. Anim Genet 2013; 44:493-501. [PMID: 23611291 DOI: 10.1111/age.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Consumers demand healthy and palatable meat, both factors being affected by fat composition. However, red meat has relatively high concentration of saturated fatty acids and low concentration of the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids. To select animals prone to produce particular fat types, it is necessary to identify the genes influencing muscle lipid composition. This paper describes an association study in which a large panel of candidate genes involved in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and energy homoeostasis was tested for effects on fat composition in 15 European cattle breeds. Sixteen genes were found to have significant effects on different lipid traits, and among these, CFL1 and MYOZ1 were found to have large effects on the ratio of 18:2/18:3, CRI1 on the amount of neutral adrenic acid (22:4 n-6), MMP1 on docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) and conjugated linoleic acid, PLTP on the ratio of n-6:n-3 and IGF2R on flavour. Several genes - ALDH2, CHRNE, CRHR2, DGAT1, IGFBP3, NEB, SOCS2, SUSP1, TCF12 and FOXO1 - also were found to be associated with both lipid and organoleptic traits although with smaller effect. The results presented here help in understanding the genetic and biochemical background underlying variations in fatty acid composition and flavour in beef.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dunner
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Graham CE, Basappa J, Turcan S, Vetter DE. The cochlear CRF signaling systems and their mechanisms of action in modulating cochlear sensitivity and protection against trauma. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 44:383-406. [PMID: 21909974 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A key requirement for encoding the auditory environment is the ability to dynamically alter cochlear sensitivity. However, merely attaining a steady state of maximal sensitivity is not a viable solution since the sensory cells and ganglion cells of the cochlea are prone to damage following exposure to loud sound. Most often, such damage is via initial metabolic insult that can lead to cellular death. Thus, establishing the highest sensitivity must be balanced with protection against cellular metabolic damage that can lead to loss of hair cells and ganglion cells, resulting in loss of frequency representation. While feedback mechanisms are known to exist in the cochlea that alter sensitivity, they respond only after stimulus encoding, allowing potentially damaging sounds to impact the inner ear at times coincident with increased sensitivity. Thus, questions remain concerning the endogenous signaling systems involved in dynamic modulation of cochlear sensitivity and protection against metabolic stress. Understanding endogenous signaling systems involved in cochlear protection may lead to new strategies and therapies for prevention of cochlear damage and consequent hearing loss. We have recently discovered a novel cochlear signaling system that is molecularly equivalent to the classic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This cochlear HPA-equivalent system functions to balance auditory sensitivity and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, and also protects against cellular metabolic insults resulting from exposures to ototoxic drugs. We review the anatomy, physiology, and cellular signaling of this system, and compare it to similar signaling in other organs/tissues of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Graham
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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12
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Dodson MV, Jiang Z, Chen J, Hausman GJ, Guan LL, Novakofski J, Thompson DP, Lorenzen CL, Fernyhough ME, Mir PS, Reecy JM. Allied industry approaches to alter intramuscular fat content and composition in beef animals. J Food Sci 2010; 75:R1-8. [PMID: 20492190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01396.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical and biophysical research tools are used to define the developmental dynamics of numerous cell lineages from a variety of tissues relevant to meat quality. With respect to the adipose cell lineage, much of our present understanding of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism was initially determined through the use of these methods, even though the in vitro or molecular environments are far removed from the tissues of meat animals. This concise review focuses on recent cellular and molecular biology-related research with adipocytes, and how the research might be extended to the endpoint of altering red meat quality. Moreover, economic and policy impacts of such in animal production regimens is discussed. These issues are important, not only with respect to palatability, but also to offer enhanced health benefits to the consumer by altering content of bioactive components in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Dodson
- Dept. of Animal Science, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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13
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Molecular cloning, expression and polymorphism of the porcine apolipoprotein A5 gene in a Jinhua × Pietrain F2 reference population. Animal 2010; 4:523-9. [PMID: 22444039 DOI: 10.1017/s175173110999142x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As a newly described member of the apolipoprotein gene family, apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) has been suggested to play a key role in the triglyceride metabolism in both human and mice. The aim of this study was to identify the porcine (Sus scrofa) APOA5 gene, determine its mRNA and its mutations that are associated with lipid accumulation. The porcine APOA5 cDNA was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using the information of the mouse or other mammals. It had been determined that the open reading frame of the porcine APOA5 gene consists of 1092 bp, which encodes a predicted protein composed of 363 amino acids with a similarity to bovine (80.43%) and to human (78.47%). The expression analysis indicated that the porcine APOA5 gene was expressed in hypophysis, fat and liver. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 4 SNPs in the 5' end, 1 SNP in second intron, 1 SNP in third exon and 6 SNPs in the 3' end, were identified in the porcine APOA5 gene and genotyped on the Jinhua × Pietrain F2 reference population, it had revealed that the SNP of C1834T was significantly associated with average backfat thickness and leaf fat weight (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, this study has got basic information of the porcine APOA5 gene and provides evidence that the APOA5 gene could be a potential candidate gene for fat deposition.
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Jiang Z, Michal JJ, Chen J, Daniels TF, Kunej T, Garcia MD, Gaskins CT, Busboom JR, Alexander LJ, Wright RW, Macneil MD. Discovery of novel genetic networks associated with 19 economically important traits in beef cattle. Int J Biol Sci 2009; 5:528-42. [PMID: 19727437 PMCID: PMC2726579 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.5.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative or complex traits are determined by the combined effects of many loci, and are
affected by genetic networks or molecular pathways. In the present study, we genotyped a total
of 138 mutations, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from 71 functional genes on a
Wagyu x Limousin reference population. Two hundred forty six F2 animals were
measured for 5 carcass, 6 eating quality and 8 fatty acid composition traits. A total of 2,280
single marker-trait association runs with 120 tagged mutations selected based on the HAPLOVIEW
analysis revealed 144 significant associations (P < 0.05), but 50 of them were removed
from the analysis due to the small number of animals (≤ 9) in one genotype group or
absence of one genotype among three genotypes. The remaining 94 single-trait associations were
then placed into three groups of quantitative trait modes (QTMs) with additive, dominant and
overdominant effects. All significant markers and their QTMs associated with each of these 19
traits were involved in a linear regression model analysis, which confirmed single-gene
associations for 4 traits, but revealed two-gene networks for 8 traits and three-gene networks
for 5 traits. Such genetic networks involving both genotypes and QTMs resulted in high
correlations between predicted and actual values of performance, thus providing evidence that
the classical Mendelian principles of inheritance can be applied in understanding genetic
complexity of complex phenotypes. Our present study also indicated that carcass, eating quality
and fatty acid composition traits rarely share genetic networks. Therefore, marker-assisted
selection for improvement of one category of these traits would not interfere with improvement
of another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA.
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15
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Hausman GJ, Dodson MV, Ajuwon K, Azain M, Barnes KM, Guan LL, Jiang Z, Poulos SP, Sainz RD, Smith S, Spurlock M, Novakofski J, Fernyhough ME, Bergen WG. Board-invited review: the biology and regulation of preadipocytes and adipocytes in meat animals. J Anim Sci 2008; 87:1218-46. [PMID: 18849378 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and value of the carcass in domestic meat animals are reflected in its protein and fat content. Preadipocytes and adipocytes are important in establishing the overall fatness of a carcass, as well as being the main contributors to the marbling component needed for consumer preference of meat products. Although some fat accumulation is essential, any excess fat that is deposited into adipose depots other than the marbling fraction is energetically unfavorable and reduces efficiency of production. Hence, this review is focused on current knowledge about the biology and regulation of the important cells of adipose tissue: preadipocytes and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hausman
- USDA-ARS, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Station, Athens, GA 30604, USA
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16
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Jiang Z, Michal JJ, Tobey DJ, Wang Z, Macneil MD, Magnuson NS. Comparative understanding of UTS2 and UTS2R genes for their involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:96-102. [PMID: 18463714 PMCID: PMC2359900 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that urotensin 2 (UTS2) and its receptor (UTS2R) are involved in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which lead to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans. In the present study, we annotated both bovine UTS2 and UTS2R genes and identified 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the former gene and 14 mutations for the latter gene. Four mutations were genotyped on a Wagyu x Limousin reference population, including 6 F1 bulls, 113 F1 dams and ~250 F2 progeny. Among 12 phenotypes related to fat deposition and fatty acid composition, we observed that the UTS2 gene was significantly associated with the amount of skeletal saturated fatty acids, while its receptor (UTS2R) gene had significant effects on amounts of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, Δ9 desaturase activity for converting 16:0 into 16:1, muscle fat (marbling) score and Longissimus Dorsi muscle area. However, in this population, these markers were not associated with subcutaneous fat depth or percent kidney, pelvic and heart fat. We also found that mutations in the promoter regions altered the promoter activities in both genes and coding SNPs might affect the mRNA stability in the UTS2R gene. Overall, our present study provides the first evidence that both UTS2 and UTS2R genes regulate skeletal muscle fat accumulation and fatty acid metabolism, thus indicating their potential pathological functions related to obesity and T2DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA.
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Jiang Z, Wang Z, Kunej T, Williams GA, Michal JJ, Wu XL, Magnuson NS. A novel type of sequence variation: multiple-nucleotide length polymorphisms discovered in the bovine genome. Genetics 2007; 176:403-7. [PMID: 17409076 PMCID: PMC1893069 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.069401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three types of sequence variations--single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (indels), and short tandem repeats (STRs)--have been extensively reported in mammalian genomes. In this study, we discovered a novel type of sequence variation, i.e., multiple-nucleotide length polymorphisms (MNLPs) in bovine UCN3 (Urocortin 3) and its receptor CRHR2 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2) genes. Both MNLPs featured involvement of multiple-nucleotide length polymorphisms (5-18 bases), low sequence identity, and 1.7- to 11-fold changes in promoter activity between two alleles. Therefore, this novel genetic complexity would contribute significantly to the evolutionary, functional, and phenotypic complexity of genomes within or among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6351, USA.
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