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Kefi R, Hechmi M, Naouali C, Jmel H, Hsouna S, Bouzaid E, Abdelhak S, Beraud-Colomb E, Stevanovitch A. On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 29:147-157. [PMID: 28034339 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Western North African population was characterized by the presence of Iberomaurusian civilization at the Epiplaeolithic period (around 20,000 years before present (YBP) to 10,000 YBP). The origin of this population is still not clear: they may come from Europe, Near East, sub-Saharan Africa or they could have evolved in situ in North Africa. With the aim to contribute to a better knowledge of the settlement of North Africa we analysed the mitochondrial DNA extracted from Iberomaurusian skeletons exhumed from the archaeological site of Afalou (AFA) (15,000-11,000 YBP) in Algeria and from the archaeological site of Taforalt (TAF) (23,000-10,800 YBP) in Morocco. Then, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis relating these Iberomaurusians to 61 current Mediterranean populations. The genetic structure of TAF and AFA specimens contains only North African and Eurasian maternal lineages. These finding demonstrate the presence of these haplotypes in North Africa from at least 20,000 YBP. The very low contribution of a Sub-Saharan African haplotype in the Iberomaurusian samples is confirmed. We also highlighted the existence of genetic flows between Southern and Northern coast of the Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rym Kefi
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia.,b University Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Meriem Hechmi
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Chokri Naouali
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia.,b University Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Haifa Jmel
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Sana Hsouna
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia.,b University Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Eric Bouzaid
- c Institut National de Police Scientifique Laboratoire de Marseille , Marseille , France
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- a Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics , Institut Pasteur de Tunis , Tunis , Tunisia.,b University Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | | | - Alain Stevanovitch
- c Institut National de Police Scientifique Laboratoire de Marseille , Marseille , France
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Ma Y, Fuller BT, Sun W, Hu S, Chen L, Hu Y, Richards MP. Tracing the locality of prisoners and workers at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang: First Emperor of China (259-210 BC). Sci Rep 2016; 6:26731. [PMID: 27253909 PMCID: PMC4890548 DOI: 10.1038/srep26731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mausoleum complex of the First Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC), is one of the most famous and important archaeological sites in China, yet questions remain as to how it was constructed and by whom. Here we present isotopic results of individuals from the Liyi (n = 146) and Shanren sites (n = 14), both associated with the mausoleum complex. Those buried at Liyi represent the local workers/inhabitants of the Qin population, and the δ(13)C (-8.7 ± 1.5%) and δ(15)N (10.3 ± 0.7%) values indicate that they consumed predominately millet and/or domestic animals fed millet. In contrast, the Shanren individuals were prisoners forced to construct the mausoleum (found buried haphazardly in a mass grave and some in iron leg shackles), and their δ(13)C (-15.4 ± 2.9%) and δ(15)N (8.0 ± 0.6%) results indicate a more mixed C3/C4 diet, with possibly less domestic animals and more wild game protein consumed. This pattern of decreased millet consumption is also characteristic of archaeological sites from southern China, and possible evidence the Shanren prisoners originated from this region (possibly the ancient Chu state located in modern day Hubei Province and parts of Hunan and Anhui Provinces). Further, this finding is in agreement with historical sources and is supported by previous ancient DNA evidence that the mausoleum workers had diverse origins, with many genetically related to southern Chinese groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 6 Deutcher Platz, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Benjamin T. Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Culture Relics and Archaeology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Songmei Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Culture Relics and Archaeology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Archaeology, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yaowu Hu
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Michael P. Richards
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 6 Deutcher Platz, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5W 1S6, Canada
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Aspects of ancient mitochondrial DNA analysis in different populations for understanding human evolution. Balkan J Med Genet 2014; 17:5-14. [PMID: 25741209 PMCID: PMC4347471 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2014-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of modern humans is a long and difficult process which started from their first appearance and continues to the present day. The study of the genetic origin of populations can help to determine population kinship and to better understand the gradual changes of the gene pool in space and time. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a proper tool for the determination of the origin of populations due to its high evolutionary importance. Ancient mitochondrial DNA retrieved from museum specimens, archaeological finds and fossil remains can provide direct evidence for population origins and migration processes. Despite the problems with contaminations and authenticity of ancient mitochondrial DNA, there is a developed set of criteria and platforms for obtaining authentic ancient DNA. During the last two decades, the application of different methods and techniques for analysis of ancient mitochondrial DNA gave promising results. Still, the literature is relatively poor with information for the origin of human populations. Using comprehensive phylogeographic and population analyses we can observe the development and formation of the contemporary populations. The aim of this study was to shed light on human migratory processes and the formation of populations based on available ancient mtDNA data.
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Wang H, Chen L, Ge B, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Zhou H. Genetic Data Suggests that the Jinggouzi People are Associated with the Donghu, an Ancient Nomadic Group of North China. Hum Biol 2012; 84:365-78. [DOI: 10.3378/027.084.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang F, Xu Z, Tan J, Sun Y, Xu B, Li S, Zhao X, Zhou H, Gong G, Zhang J, Jin L. Prehistorical East-West admixture of maternal lineages in a 2,500-year-old population in Xinjiang. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2009; 142:314-20. [PMID: 20034008 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As an area of contact between Asia and Europe, Central Asia witnessed a scenario of complex cultural developments, extensive migratory movements, and biological admixture between West and East Eurasians. However, the detanglement of this complexity of diversity requires an understanding of prehistoric contacts of the people from the West and the East on the Eurasia continent. We demonstrated the presence of genetic admixture of West and East in a population of 35 inhabitants excavated in Gavaerk in southern Xinjiang and dated 2,800-2,100 years before present by analyzing their mitochondrial DNA variations. This result indicates that the initial contact of the East and the West Eurasians occurred further east than Central Asia as early as 2,500 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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