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Levačić D, Perković L, Vuković N, Jelaska SD. Bohemian Knotweed Reynoutria × bohemica Chrtek et Chrtková Seems Not to Rely Heavily on Allelopathy for Its Persistence in Invaded Sites in the Southwest Part of the Zagreb, Croatia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112222. [PMID: 37299201 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Notorious invasive Bohemian knotweed Reynoutria × bohemica Chrtek et Chrtková is a hybrid of two species, Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and Reynoutria sachalinensis (F. S. Petrop.) Nakai in T. Mori which spontaneously developed in Europe, outside the natural distribution of its parental species. Its success could potentially lie in its allelopathic activity, which was confirmed in a number of experiments conducted with the leaf and root exudates, testing their effect on the germination and growth of various test plants. Here, we tested its allelopathic potential using different concentrations of leaf exudates on two test plants, Triticum aestivum L. and Sinapis alba L., in Petri dishes and pots with soil and by growing test plants in the soil sampled in knotweed stands on the edges of stands and outside of stands. Tests in Petri dishes and pots with soil to which leaf exudates were added have shown a decrease in germination and growth in comparison to the control, hence confirming the allelopathic effect. However, this was not confirmed in a test with in situ soil samples, where no statistically significant differences were observed, neither in the growth of test plants nor in the chemical characteristics (pH, soil organic matter, humus content) of the soil. Therefore, the persistence of Bohemian knotweed at already invaded sites could be attributed to its efficient use of resources (light and nutrients) through which it outcompetes native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Levačić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Perković
- Ekonerg-Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Koranska 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Vuković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sven D Jelaska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov Trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sujeeun L, Thomas SC. Biochar mitigates allelopathic effects in temperate trees. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2832. [PMID: 36864680 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many invasive and some native tree species in North America exhibit strong allelopathic effects that may contribute to their local dominance. Pyrogenic carbon (PyC; including soot, charcoal, and black carbon) is produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and is widespread in forest soils. Many forms of PyC have sorptive properties that can reduce the bioavailability of allelochemicals. We investigated the potential for PyC produced by controlled pyrolysis of biomass ("biochar" [BC]) to reduce the allelopathic effects of black walnut (Juglans nigra) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides), a common native tree species and a widespread invasive species in North America, respectively. Seedling growth of two native tree species (Acer saccharinum [silver maple] and Betula papyrifera [paper birch]) in response to leaf-litter-incubated soils was examined; litter incubation treatments included leaves of black walnut, Norway maple, and a nonallelopathic species (Tilia americana [American basswood]) in a factorial design with varying dosages; responses to the known primary allelochemical of black walnut (juglone) were also examined. Juglone and leaf litter of both allelopathic species strongly suppressed seedling growth. BC treatments substantially mitigated these effects, consistent with the sorption of allelochemicals; in contrast no positive effects of BC were observed in leaf litter treatments involving controls or additions of nonallelopathic leaf litter. Treatments of leaf litter and juglone with BC increased the total biomass of silver maple by ~35% and in some cases more than doubled the biomass of paper birch. We conclude that BCs have the capacity to largely counteract allelopathic effects in temperate forest systems, suggesting the effects of natural PyC in determining forest community structure, and also the applied use of BC as a soil amendment to mitigate allelopathic effects of invasive tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeladarshini Sujeeun
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean C Thomas
- Institute of Forestry and Conservation, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape, and Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hickman DT, Comont D, Rasmussen A, Birkett MA. Novel and holistic approaches are required to realize allelopathic potential for weed management. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10018. [PMID: 37091561 PMCID: PMC10121234 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy, that is, plant-plant inhibition via the release of secondary metabolites into the environment, has potential for the management of weeds by circumventing herbicide resistance. However, mechanisms underpinning allelopathy are notoriously difficult to elucidate, hindering real-world application either in the form of commercial bioherbicides or allelopathic crops. Such limited application is exemplified by evidence of limited knowledge of the potential benefits of allelopathy among end users. Here, we examine potential applications of this phenomenon, paying attention to novel approaches and influential factors requiring greater consideration, with the intention of improving the reputation and uptake of allelopathy. Avenues to facilitate more effective allelochemical discovery are also considered, with a view to stimulating the identification of new compounds and allelopathic species. Synthesis and Applications: We conclude that tackling increasing weed pressure on agricultural productivity would benefit from greater integration of the phenomenon of allelopathy, which in turn would be greatly served by a multi-disciplinary and exhaustive approach, not just through more effective isolation of the interactions involved, but also through greater consideration of factors which may influence them in the field, facilitating optimization of their benefits for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin T. Hickman
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton BoningtonUK
| | - David Comont
- Protecting Crops and the EnvironmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
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Facenda G, Real M, Galán-Pérez JA, Gámiz B, Celis R. Soil Effects on the Bioactivity of Hydroxycoumarins as Plant Allelochemicals. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1278. [PMID: 36986966 PMCID: PMC10053971 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil plays a primary role in the activity of plant allelochemicals in natural and agricultural systems. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of three natural hydroxycoumarins (umbelliferone, esculetin, and scopoletin) to different model plant species (Lactuca sativa, Eruca sativa, and Hordeum vulgare) in Petri dishes, and then selected the most phytotoxic compound (umbelliferone) to assess how its adsorption and dissipation in two distinct soils affected the expression of its phytotoxic activity. The root growth inhibitory effect of umbelliferone was significantly greater than that of esculetin and scopoletin, and the dicot species (L. sativa and E. sativa) were more sensitive to the hydroxycoumarins than the monocot species (H. vulgare). For all three plant species tested, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone decreased in the following order: soilless (Petri dishes) > soil 1 > soil 2. In soil 2 (alkaline), umbelliferone displayed negligible adsorption (Kf < 0.01) and rapid biodegradation (t1/2 = 0.2-0.8 days), and its phytotoxicity was barely expressed. In soil 1 (acid), umbelliferone displayed enhanced adsorption (Kf = 2.94), slower biodegradation (t1/2 = 1.5-2.1 days), and its phytotoxicity was better expressed than in soil 2. When the microbial activity of soil 2 was suppressed by autoclaving, the phytotoxicity of umbelliferone, in the presence of soil, became similar to that observed under soilless conditions. The results illustrate how soil processes can reduce the allelopathic activity of hydroxycoumarins in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and suggest scenarios where the bioactivity of hydroxycoumarins may be better expressed.
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Kato-Noguchi H, Kato M. Allelopathy and Allelochemicals of Solidago canadensis L. and S. altissima L. for Their Naturalization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3235. [PMID: 36501274 PMCID: PMC9738410 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solidago canadensis L. and Solidago altissima L. are native to North America and have naturalized many other continents including Europa and Asia. Their species is an aggressive colonizer and forms thick monospecific stands. The evidence of the allelopathy for S. canadensis and S. altissima has accumulated in the literature since the late 20th century. The root exudates, extracts, essential oil and rhizosphere soil of S. canadensis suppressed the germination, growth and the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of several plants, including native plant species. Allelochemicals such as fatty acids, terpenes, flavonoids, polyphenols and their related compounds were identified in the extracts and essential oil of S. canadensis. The concentrations of total phenolics, total flavonoids and total saponins in the rhizosphere soil of S. canadensis obtained from the invasive ranges were greater than those from the native ranges. Allelochemicals such as terpenes, flavonoids, polyacetylene and phenols were also identified in the extracts, essential oil and the rhizosphere soil in S. altissima. Among the identified allelochemicals of S. altissima, the cis-dehydromatricaria ester may be involved in the allelopathy considering its growth inhibitory activity and its concentration in the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, the allelopathy of S. canadensis and S. altissima may support their invasiveness, naturalization and formation of thick monospecific stands. This is the first review article focusing on the allelopathy of both of S. canadensis and S. altissima.
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Simberloff D, Kaur H, Kalisz S, Bezemer TM. Novel chemicals engender myriad invasion mechanisms. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1184-1200. [PMID: 34416017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-native invasive species (NIS) release chemicals into the environment that are unique to the invaded communities, defined as novel chemicals. Novel chemicals impact competitors, soil microbial communities, mutualists, plant enemies, and soil nutrients differently than in the species' native range. Ecological functions of novel chemicals and differences in functions between the native and non-native ranges of NIS are of immense interest to ecologists. Novel chemicals can mediate different ecological, physiological, and evolutionary mechanisms underlying invasion hypotheses. Interactions amongst the NIS and resident species including competitors, soil microbes, and plant enemies, as well as abiotic factors in the invaded community are linked to novel chemicals. However, we poorly understand how these interactions might enhance NIS performance. New empirical data and analyses of how novel chemicals act in the invaded community will fill major gaps in our understanding of the chemistry of biological invasions. A novel chemical-invasion mechanism framework shows how novel chemicals engender invasion mechanisms beyond plant-plant or plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simberloff
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Plant BioSystems, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Susan Kalisz
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - T Martijn Bezemer
- Plant Science and Natural Products, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 6700 AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Belowground feedbacks as drivers of spatial self-organization and community assembly. Phys Life Rev 2021; 38:1-24. [PMID: 34334324 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation patterning in water-limited and other resource-limited ecosystems highlights spatial self-organization processes as potentially key drivers of community assembly. These processes provide insight into predictable landscape-level relationships between organisms and their abiotic environment in the form of regular and irregular patterns of biota and resources. However, two aspects have largely been overlooked; the roles played by plant - soil-biota feedbacks and allelopathy in spatial self-organization, and their potential contribution, along with plant-resource feedbacks, to community assembly through spatial self-organization. Here, we expand the drivers of spatial self-organization from a focus on plant-resource feedbacks to include plant - soil-biota feedbacks and allelopathy, and integrate concepts of nonlinear physics and community ecology to generate a new hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, below-ground processes can affect community assemblages through two types of spatial self-organization, global and local. The former occurs simultaneously across whole ecosystems, leading to self-organized patterns of biota, allelochemicals and resources, and niche partitioning. The latter occurs locally in ecotones, and determines ecotone structure and motion, invasion dynamics, and species coexistence. Studies of the two forms of spatial self-organization are important for understanding the organization of plant communities in drier climates which are likely to involve spatial patterning or re-patterning. Such studies are also important for developing new practices of ecosystem management, based on local manipulations at ecotones, to slow invasion dynamics or induce transitions from transitive to intransitive networks of interspecific interactions which increase species diversity.
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Bonanomi G, Zotti M, Idbella M, Mazzoleni S, Abd-ElGawad AM. Microbiota modulation of allelopathy depends on litter chemistry: Mitigation or exacerbation? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145942. [PMID: 33640554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Having a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, litter decomposition affects plant growth and regeneration by inducing the release of allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the microbiota in modulating the allelopathic effects of freshly fallen and decomposed leaf litter. To disentangle the chemical and microbial effects, bioassays were carried out on four target plants in sterile and non-sterile conditions. All litter types were characterized by carbon-13 cross polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy, and the associated fungal and bacterial microbiota were described by next-generation sequencing. When the litter extract was sterilized, freshly fallen litter severely inhibited the plant root growth, but during decomposition, the allelopathic effect rapidly decreased. Root growth was negatively correlated with extractable carbon and positively correlated with parameters associated with tissue lignification. In non-sterile conditions, the living microbiota modulated the leaf litter allelopathic effects of mitigation (26.5% of cases) and exacerbation (26.6% of cases). The mitigation effect was more frequent and intense in stressful conditions, i.e., highly phytotoxic freshly fallen litter, than in benign environments, i.e., decomposed litter. Finally, we identified specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that could be involved in the mediation of the litter allelopathic effect. This study highlights the importance of studying allelopathy in both sterile conditions and in the presence of a living microbiota to assess the role of litter chemistry and the potential impact of plant detritus on the agro-ecosystem and natural plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; Biosciences laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II university of Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Abd-ElGawad
- Plant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Hickman DT, Rasmussen A, Ritz K, Birkett MA, Neve P. Review: Allelochemicals as multi-kingdom plant defence compounds: towards an integrated approach. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1121-1131. [PMID: 32902160 PMCID: PMC7891363 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The capability of synthetic pesticides to manage weeds, insect pests and pathogens in crops has diminished due to evolved resistance. Sustainable management is thus becoming more challenging. Novel solutions are needed and, given the ubiquity of biologically active secondary metabolites in nature, such compounds require further exploration as leads for novel crop protection chemistry. Despite improving understanding of allelochemicals, particularly in terms of their potential for use in weed control, their interactions with multiple biotic kingdoms have to date largely been examined in individual compounds and not as a recurrent phenomenon. Here, multi-kingdom effects in allelochemicals are introduced by defining effects on various organisms, before exploring current understanding of the inducibility and possible ecological roles of these compounds with regard to the evolutionary arms race and dose-response relationships. Allelochemicals with functional benefits in multiple aspects of plant defence are described. Gathering these isolated areas of science under the unified umbrella of multi-kingdom allelopathy encourages the development of naturally-derived chemistries conferring defence to multiple discrete biotic stresses simultaneously, maximizing benefits in weed, insect and pathogen control, while potentially circumventing resistance. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin T Hickman
- Rothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Karl Ritz
- University of Nottingham, Sutton BoningtonLeicestershireUK
| | | | - Paul Neve
- Rothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
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Syringic Acid Alleviates Cesium-Induced Growth Defect in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239116. [PMID: 33266116 PMCID: PMC7730055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Syringic acid, a phenolic compound, serves a variety of beneficial functions in cells. Syringic acid increases in plants in response to cesium, and exogenous application of syringic acid resulted in a significant attenuation of cesium-induced growth defects in Arabidopsis. In addition, cesium or syringic acid application to plants also resulted in increased lignin deposition in interfascicular fibers. To better understand the role of lignin and syringic acid in attenuating cesium-induced growth defects, two mutants for Arabidopsis REDUCED EPIDERMAL FLUORESCENE 4 (REF4) and fourteen laccase mutants, some of which have lower levels of lignin, were evaluated for their response to cesium. These mutants responded differently to cesium stress, compared to control plants, and the application of syringic acid alleviated cesium-induced growth defects in the laccase mutants but not in the ref4 mutants. These findings imply that lignin plays a role in cesium signaling but the attenuation of cesium stress defects by syringic acid is mediated by regulatory components of lignin biosynthesis and not lignin biosynthesis itself. In contrast, syringic acid did not alleviate any low potassium-induced growth defects. Collectively, our findings provide the first established link between lignin and cesium stress via syringic acid in plants.
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Wang H, Yan S, Ren T, Yuan Y, Kuang G, Wang B, Yun F, Feng H, Ji X, Yuan X, Liu G. Novel environmental factors affecting microbial responses and physicochemical properties by sequentially applied biochar in black soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37432-37443. [PMID: 32681332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was increasingly used in agriculture soil amendment and has received widespread attention due to its potential to improve soil micro-ecological environment and crop growth. The raw material of the biochar used in this study is peanut shell, which is mixed with other organics and minerals to become a mineral-enhanced biochar under heating conditions (220 °C). When the third season crop is finished, we evaluated black soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and crop growth in long-term agricultural trials. Four treatments were set up: no amendment (control CK), nitrogen fertilizer only (70 kg ha-1 N), enhanced biochar only (5 t ha-1 B), and nitrogen fertilizer (70 kg ha-1) + enhanced biochar (5 t ha-1) (NB). The enhanced biochar promotes crop growth and increased the richness of the bacterial community, while reducing the richness of the fungal community. Nitrogen fertilizer + enhanced biochar increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen by 43.75, 7.25, and 19.28%. In addition, we found changes in bacterial community were closely related to soil organic carbon, while changes in fungal community structure were closely related to soil carbon to nitrogen ratio. And the soil organic carbon and soil carbon to nitrogen ratio of biochar treatment were increased by 5.64 and 6.25% compared with fertilizer treatment, respectively. We concluded that enhanced biochar improved the soil more effectively and made the soil more conducive to crop growth. Regulating the microbial community by improving the physicochemical properties of soil was an important way to improve the stability and condition of the soil system with biochar. An enhanced biochar was of great significance for circular development of agriculture and soil improvement in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Wang
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yan
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbao Ren
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Mudanjiang Tobacco Scientific Research Institute, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Gang Kuang
- Mudanjiang Tobacco Company, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Mudanjiang Tobacco Company, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Fei Yun
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Feng
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Yuan
- Henan Huinong Soil Conservation Research and Development Co., Ltd., Dengfeng, 452470, China
| | - Guoshun Liu
- Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 410100, People's Republic of China
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Pérez LI, Gundel PE, Zabalgogeazcoa I, Omacini M. An ecological framework for understanding the roles of Epichloë endophytes on plant defenses against fungal diseases. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Arafat Y, Ud Din I, Tayyab M, Jiang Y, Chen T, Cai Z, Zhao H, Lin X, Lin W, Lin S. Soil Sickness in Aged Tea Plantation Is Associated With a Shift in Microbial Communities as a Result of Plant Polyphenol Accumulation in the Tea Gardens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601. [PMID: 32547573 PMCID: PMC7270330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In conventional tea plantations, a large amount of pruned material returns to the soil surface, putting a high quantity of polyphenols into the soil. The accumulation of active allelochemicals in the tea rhizosphere and subsequent shift in beneficial microbes may be the cause of acidification, soil sickness, and regeneration problem, which may be attributed to hindrance of plant growth, development, and low yield in long-term monoculture tea plantation. However, the role of pruning leaf litter in soil sickness under consecutive tea monoculture is unclear. Here, we investigated soil samples taken from conventional tea gardens of different ages (2, 15, and 30 years) and under the effect of regular pruning. Different approaches including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the leaf litter, metagenomic study of root-associated bacterial communities, and in vitro interaction of polyphenols with selected bacteria were applied to understand the effect of leaf litter-derived polyphenols on the composition and structure of the tea rhizosphere microbial community. Our results indicated that each pruning practice returns a large amount of leaf litter to each tea garden. LC-MS results showed that leaf litter leads to the accumulation of various allelochemicals in the tea rhizosphere, including epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, catechin, and epicatechin with increasing age of the tea plantation. Meanwhile, in the tea garden grown consecutively for 30 years (30-Y), the phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities increased significantly. Pyrosequencing identified Burkholderia and Pseudomonas as the dominant genera, while plant growth-promoting bacteria, especially Bacillus, Prevotella, and Sphingomonas, were significantly reduced in the long-term tea plantation. The qPCR results of 30-Y soil confirmed that the copy numbers of bacterial genes per gram of the rhizosphere soil were significantly reduced, while that of Pseudomonas increased significantly. In vitro study showed that the growth of catechin-degrading bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas) increased and plant-promoting bacteria (e.g., Bacillus) decreased significantly with increasing concentration of these allelochemicals. Furthermore, in vitro interaction showed a 0.36-fold decrease in the pH of the broth after 72 h with the catechin degradation. In summary, the increase of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia in the 30-Y garden was found to be associated with the accumulation of catechin substrates. In response to the long-term monoculture of tea, the variable soil pH along with the litter distribution negatively affect the population of plant growth-promoting bacteria (e.g., Sphingomonas, Bacillus, and Prevotella). Current research suggests that the removal of pruned branches from tea gardens can prevent soil sickness and may lead to sustainable tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Arafat
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Israr Ud Din
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for Agroecological Process and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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14
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Ma S, De Frenne P, Boon N, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, Kolb A, Lemke I, Liira J, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Plue J, Wulf M, Verheyen K. Plant species identity and soil characteristics determine rhizosphere soil bacteria community composition in European temperate forests. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5485637. [PMID: 31054240 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacteria and understorey plants interact and drive forest ecosystem functioning. Yet, knowledge about biotic and abiotic factors that affect the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of understorey plants is largely lacking. Here, we assessed the effects of plant species identity (Milium effusum vs. Stachys sylvatica), rhizospheric soil characteristics, large-scale environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation and nitrogen (N) deposition), and land-use history (ancient vs. recent forests) on bacterial community composition in rhizosphere soil in temperate forests along a 1700 km latitudinal gradient in Europe. The dominant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil of both plant species were Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Bacterial community composition differed significantly between the two plant species. Within plant species, soil chemistry was the most important factor determining soil bacterial community composition. More precisely, soil acidity correlated with the presence of multiple phyla, e.g. Acidobacteria (negatively), Chlamydiae (negatively) and Nitrospirae (positively), in both plant species. Large-scale environmental conditions were only important in S. sylvatica and land-use history was not important in either of the plant species. The observed role of understorey plant species identity and rhizosphere soil characteristics in determining soil bacterial community composition extends our understanding of plant-soil bacteria interactions in forest ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Ma
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 5, 23053 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Plant Biodiversity Lab, University of Picardy Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Annette Kolb
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry (FB 02), University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Isa Lemke
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry (FB 02), University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jaan Liira
- Department of Botany, University of Tartu, Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Biotic Interactions between Forest and Agricultural Land, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Plue
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 8, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University. Alfred Nobels allé 7 Flemingsberg, 14189 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Monika Wulf
- Biotic Interactions between Forest and Agricultural Land, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
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15
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Abstract
Replant disease is a soil (micro-) biome-based, harmfully-disturbed physiological and morphological reaction of plants to replanting similar cultures on the same sites by demonstrating growth retardation and leading to economic losses especially in Rosaceae plant production. Commonly, replant disease is overcome by soil fumigation with toxic chemicals. With chemical soil fumigation being restricted in many countries, other strategies are needed. Biofumigation, which is characterized by the incorporation of Brassicaceae plant materials into soil, is a promising method. We review the potential of biofumigation in the fight against replant disease. Biofumigation using optimized Brassicaceae seed meal compositions in combination with replant disease tolerant plant genotypes shows promising results, but the efficacy is still soil and site-dependent. Therefore, future studies should address the optimal timing as well as amount and type of incorporated plant material and environmental conditions during incubation in dependence of the soil physical and chemical characteristics.
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16
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Schandry N, Becker C. Allelopathic Plants: Models for Studying Plant-Interkingdom Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:176-185. [PMID: 31837955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathy is a biochemical interaction between plants in which a donor plant releases secondary metabolites, allelochemicals, that are detrimental to the growth of its neighbours. Traditionally considered as bilateral interactions between two plants, allelopathy has recently emerged as a cross-kingdom process that can influence and be modulated by the other organisms in the plant's environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on plant-interkingdom interactions, with a particular focus on benzoxazinoids. We highlight how allelochemical-producing plants influence not only their plant neighbours but also insects, fungi, and bacteria that live on or around them. We discuss challenges that need to be overcome to study chemical plant-interkingdom interactions, and we propose experimental approaches to address how biotic and chemical processes impact plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Schandry
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Claude Becker
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter Martinsried, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany.
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17
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Mangao AM, Arreola SLB, San Gabriel EV, Salamanez KC. Aqueous extract from leaves of Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell as potential bioherbicide. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1185-1194. [PMID: 31680262 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell, one of the problem weeds in some rice-producing countries, was studied to determine its allelopathic potential based on the effects of aqueous extracts of its tissues (leaves, roots and stem) on seedling growth of selected weeds and rice. The major phenolic compound of its leaves was also isolated and characterized. RESULTS L. hyssopifolia aqueous leaf extract showed significant inhibition of shoot growth and biomass accumulation of weeds (Amaranthus spinosus L., Dactyloctenium aegyptium L., Cyperus iria L.) while maintaining less adverse effects on rice (crop) compared to other aqueous extracts of roots and stem. Phytochemical screening showed that phenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and coumarins are found in its leaf aqueous extract. The Folin-Ciocalteu method revealed that its leaves contain 26.66 ± 0.30 mg GAE g-1 leaf. The extract was then acid-hydrolyzed to liberate the phenolics (25 mg phenolics g-1 leaf). The major compound was isolated via preparative thin-layer chromatography using formic acid-ethyl acetate-n-hexane (0.05:4:6) solvent system. It had maximum UV absorption at 272 nm while its Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed phenol, carboxylic acid and ether functionalities. This also had similar chromatographic mobility when run together with syringic acid in two-dimensional paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. CONCLUSIONS L. hyssopifolia has potential allelopathic activity and its leaf aqueous extract showed the highest phytotoxic activity (P ≤ 0.05) indicating its potential as a bioherbicide. The most probable identity of the major phenolic compound is syringic acid. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldus M Mangao
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sheryl Lozel B Arreola
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Elgin V San Gabriel
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Kevin C Salamanez
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines
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18
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Uesugi A, Johnson R, Kessler A. Context‐dependent induction of allelopathy in plants under competition. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akane Uesugi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ Building 18 Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Robert Johnson
- Dept of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Medaille College Buffalo NY USA
| | - André Kessler
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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19
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Santonja M, Bousquet‐Mélou A, Greff S, Ormeño E, Fernandez C. Allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds released from Pinus halepensis needles and roots. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8201-8213. [PMID: 31380083 PMCID: PMC6662250 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, over the last decades, the cessation of traditional farming in the north part of the Mediterranean basin has given way to strong afforestation leading to occurrence of abandoned agricultural lands colonized by pioneer expansionist species like Pinus halepensis. This pine species is known to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, and previous studies have demonstrated strong allelopathic potentialities of its needle and root leachates. Pinus halepensis is also recognized to release significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with potential allelopathic effects that have never been investigated. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to improve our knowledge about the VOC released from P. halepensis needles and roots, determine if these VOC affect the seed germination and root growth of two herbaceous target species (Lactuca sativa and Linum strictum), and evaluate if soil microorganisms modulate the potential allelopathic effects of these VOC. Thirty terpenes were detected from both, needle and root emissions with β-caryophyllene as the major volatile. Numerous terpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, δ-terpinene, or α-pinene, showed higher headspace concentrations according to the gradient green needles < senescent needles < needle litter. Seed germination and root growth of the two target species were mainly reduced in presence of P. halepensis VOC. In strong contrast with the trend reported with needle leachates in literature, we observed an increasing inhibitory effect of P. halepensis VOC with the progress of needle physiological stages (i.e., green needle < senescent needle < needle litter). Surprisingly, several inhibitory effects observed on filter paper were also found or even amplified when natural soil was used as a substrate, highlighting that soil microorganisms do not necessarily limit the negative effects of VOC released by P. halepensis on herbaceous target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Santonja
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Stéphane Greff
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | - Elena Ormeño
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
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20
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Trinchera A, Ciaccia C, Testani E, Baratella V, Campanelli G, Leteo F, Canali S. Mycorrhiza-mediated interference between cover crop and weed in organic winter cereal agroecosystems: The mycorrhizal colonization intensity indicator. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5593-5604. [PMID: 31160984 PMCID: PMC6540714 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic organisms able to provide many benefits to crop production by supplying a set of ecosystem functions. A recent ecological approach based on the ability of the fungi community to influence plant-plant interactions by extraradical mycelium development may be applied to diversified, herbaceous agroecosystems. Our hypothesis is that the introduction of a winter cereal cover crop (CC) as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-host plant in an organic rotation can boosts the AMF colonization of the other plants, influencing crop-weed interference. In a 4-years organic rotation, the effect of two winter cereal CC, rye and spelt, on weed density and AMF colonization was evaluated. The AMF extraradical mycelium on CC and weeds roots was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. By joining data of plant density and mycorrhization, we built the mycorrhizal colonization intensity of the Agroecosystem indicator (MA%). Both the CC were colonized by soil AMF, being the mycorrhizal colonization intensity (M%) affected by environmental conditions. Under CC, the weed density was reduced, due to the increase of the reciprocal competition in favor of CC, which benefited from mycorrhizal colonization and promoted the development of AMF extraradical mycelium. Even though non-host plants, some weed species showed an increased mycorrhizal colonization in presence of CC respect to the control. Under intense rainfall, the MA% was less sensitive to the CC introduction. On the opposite, under highly competitive conditions, both the CC boosted significantly the mycorrhization of coexistent plants in the agroecosystem. The proposed indicator measured the agroecological service provided by the considered CCs in promoting or inhibiting the overall AMF colonization of the studied agroecosystems, as affected by weed selection and growth: It informs about agroecosystem resilience and may be profitably applied to indicate the extent of the linkage of specific crop traits to agroecosystem services, contributing to further develop the functional biodiversity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Trinchera
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Corrado Ciaccia
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Elena Testani
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Baratella
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Campanelli
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental CropsCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsMonsampolo del Tronto (AP)Italy
| | - Fabrizio Leteo
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental CropsCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsMonsampolo del Tronto (AP)Italy
| | - Stefano Canali
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and EnvironmentCouncil for Agricultural Research and EconomicsRomeItaly
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21
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Wang C, Jiang K, Wu B, Zhou J, Lv Y. Silver nanoparticles with different particle sizes enhance the allelopathic effects of Canada goldenrod on the seed germination and seedling development of lettuce. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1116-1125. [PMID: 30083995 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling development of co-occurring native plant species (natives hereafter) are regarded as an important driver facilitating invasion of many invasive plant species (invaders hereafter). The release of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment may affect the allelopathic effects of the invaders on the seed germination and seedling development of natives. This study aims to assess the allelopathic effects (using leaf extracts) of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) on the seed germination and seedling development of native lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) treated with AgNPs with different particle sizes. Canada goldenrod leaf extracts with high concentration exhibit stronger allelopathic effects on the seedling height and root length of lettuce than those treated with low concentration. AgNPs of all particle sizes significantly decreased seed germination and seedling development indices of lettuce. AgNPs with larger particle sizes exerted stronger toxicity on leaf length and width of lettuce than those with smaller particle sizes. Thus, nanoparticles with larger particle sizes might mediate the production of increased sizes of cell wall pore size and large absorption of such substances by plant roots can be harmful. AgNPs significantly enhanced the allelopathic effects of Canada goldenrod on the seed germination and seedling development of lettuce. Small particle size AgNPs may play a more essential role in the enhanced allelopathic effects of low concentrations of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts; however, large particle size AgNPs may play a more important role in the enhanced allelopathic effects of high concentrations of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yanna Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
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22
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Wu L, Wang J, Wu H, Chen J, Xiao Z, Qin X, Zhang Z, Lin W. Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Rhizosphere Microbial Community Composition and Functional Potentials under Rehmannia glutinosa Consecutive Monoculture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082394. [PMID: 30110928 PMCID: PMC6121535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive monoculture of Rehmannia glutinosa, highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, leads to a severe decline in both quality and yield. Rhizosphere microbiome was reported to be closely associated with the soil health and plant performance. In this study, comparative metagenomics was applied to investigate the shifts in rhizosphere microbial structures and functional potentials under consecutive monoculture. The results showed R. glutinosa monoculture significantly decreased the relative abundances of Pseudomonadaceae and Burkholderiaceae, but significantly increased the relative abundances of Sphingomonadaceae and Streptomycetaceae. Moreover, the abundances of genera Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Burkholderia, and Lysobacter, among others, were significantly lower in two-year monocultured soil than in one-year cultured soil. For potentially harmful/indicator microorganisms, the percentages of reads categorized to defense mechanisms (i.e., ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, efflux transporter, antibiotic resistance) and biological metabolism (i.e., lipid transport and metabolism, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, transcription) were significantly higher in two-year monocultured soil than in one-year cultured soil, but the opposite was true for potentially beneficial microorganisms, which might disrupt the equilibrium between beneficial and harmful microbes. Collectively, our results provide important insights into the shifts in genomic diversity and functional potentials of rhizosphere microbiome in response to R. glutinosa consecutive monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Juanying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xianjin Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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23
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Wu F, Zhou X. Changes in rhizosphere microbial communities in potted cucumber seedlings treated with syringic acid. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200007. [PMID: 29953531 PMCID: PMC6023137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotoxic effects of phenolic compounds have been extensively studied, but less attention has been given to the effects of these compounds on soil microbial communities, which are crucial to the productivity of agricultural systems. Responses of cucumber rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities to syringic acid (SA), a phenolic compound with autotoxicity to cucumber, were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicons. SA at the concentration of 0.1 μmol g-1 soil changed rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community compositions, decreased bacterial community diversity but increased fungal community richness and diversity (P<0.05). Moreover, SA increased the relative abundances of bacterial phylum Proteobacteria and fungal classes Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycetes, Tremellomycetes and Eurotiomycetes, but decreased the relative abundances of bacterial phylum Firmicutes and fungal class Sordariomycetes (P<0.05). At the genus level, SA decreased the relative abundances of microbial taxa with pathogen-antagonistic and/or plant growth promoting potentials, such as Pseudomonas spp. (P<0.05). Real-time PCR validated that SA decreased cucumber rhizosphere Pseudomonas spp. abundance (P<0.05). In vitro study showed that SA (0.01 to 10 mM) inhibited the growth of a strain of Pseudomonas spp. with pathogen-antagonistic activities to cucumber pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen (P<0.05). Overall, SA changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community compositions, which may exert negative effects on cucumber seedling growth through inhibiting plant-beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
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24
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Arroyo AI, Pueyo Y, Giner ML, Foronda A, Sanchez-Navarrete P, Saiz H, Alados CL. Evidence for chemical interference effect of an allelopathic plant on neighboring plant species: A field study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193421. [PMID: 29474430 PMCID: PMC5825076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported the phytotoxicity of allelopathic compounds under controlled conditions. However, more field studies are required to provide realistic evidences for the significance of allelopathic interference in natural communities. We conducted a 2-years field experiment in a semiarid plant community (NE Spain). Specifically, we planted juvenile individuals and sowed seeds of Salsola vermiculata L., Lygeum spartum L. and Artemisia herba-alba Asso. (three co-dominant species in the community) beneath adult individuals of the allelopathic shrub A. herba-alba, and assessed the growth, vitality, seed germination and seedling survival of those target species with and without the presence of chemical interference by the incorporation of activated carbon (AC) to the soil. In addition, juveniles and seeds of the same three target species were planted and sown beneath the canopy of adults of S. vermiculata (a shrub similar to A. herba-alba, but non-allelopathic) and in open bare soil to evaluate whether the allelopathic activity of A. herba-alba modulates the net outcome of its interactions with neighboring plants under contrasting abiotic stress conditions. We found that vitality of A. herba-alba juveniles was enhanced beneath A. herba-alba individuals when AC was present. Furthermore, we found that the interaction outcome in A. herba-alba microsite was neutral, whereas a positive outcome was found for S. vermiculata microsite, suggesting that allelopathy may limit the potential facilitative effects of the enhanced microclimatic conditions in A. herba-alba microsite. Yet, L. spartum juveniles were facilitated in A. herba-alba microsite. The interaction outcome in A. herba-alba microsite was positive under conditions of very high abiotic stress, indicating that facilitative interactions predominated over the interference of allelopathic plants under those conditions. These results highlight that laboratory studies can overestimate the significance of allelopathy in nature, and consequently, results obtained under controlled conditions should be interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Pueyo
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Luz Giner
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Foronda
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Hugo Saiz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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Bonanomi G, Cesarano G, Lombardi N, Motti R, Scala F, Mazzoleni S, Incerti G. Litter chemistry explains contrasting feeding preferences of bacteria, fungi, and higher plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9208. [PMID: 28835652 PMCID: PMC5569010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Litter decomposition provides a continuous flow of organic carbon and nutrients that affects plant development and the structure of decomposer communities. Aim of this study was to distinguish the feeding preferences of microbes and plants in relation to litter chemistry. We characterized 36 litter types by 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and tested these materials on 6 bacteria, 6 fungi, and 14 target plants. Undecomposed litter acted as a carbon source for most of the saprophytic microbes, although with a large variability across litter types, severely inhibiting root growth. An opposite response was found for aged litter that largely inhibited microbial growth, but had neutral or stimulatory effects on root proliferation. 13C-CPMAS NMR revealed that restricted resonance intervals within the alkyl C, methoxyl C, O-alkyl C and di-O-alkyl C spectral regions are crucial for understanding litter effects. Root growth, in contrast to microbes, was negatively affected by labile C sources but positively associated with signals related to plant tissue lignification. Our study showed that plant litter has specific and contrasting effects on bacteria, fungi and higher plants, highlighting that, in order to understand the effects of plant detritus on ecosystem structure and functionality, different microbial food web components should be simultaneously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Bonanomi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Gaspare Cesarano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Nadia Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Riccardo Motti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Felice Scala
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Guido Incerti
- Department of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Skrzypczak T, Krela R, Kwiatkowski W, Wadurkar S, Smoczyńska A, Wojtaszek P. Plant Science View on Biohybrid Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:46. [PMID: 28856135 PMCID: PMC5558049 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biohybrid consists of a living organism or cell and at least one engineered component. Designing robot-plant biohybrids is a great challenge: it requires interdisciplinary reconsideration of capabilities intimate specific to the biology of plants. Envisioned advances should improve agricultural/horticultural/social practice and could open new directions in utilization of plants by humans. Proper biohybrid cooperation depends upon effective communication. During evolution, plants developed many ways to communicate with each other, with animals, and with microorganisms. The most notable examples are: the use of phytohormones, rapid long-distance signaling, gravity, and light perception. These processes can now be intentionally re-shaped to establish plant-robot communication. In this article, we focus on plants physiological and molecular processes that could be used in bio-hybrids. We show phototropism and biomechanics as promising ways of effective communication, resulting in an alteration in plant architecture, and discuss the specifics of plants anatomy, physiology and development with regards to the bio-hybrids. Moreover, we discuss ways how robots could influence plants growth and development and present aims, ideas, and realized projects of plant-robot biohybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rafał Krela
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwiatkowski
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Shraddha Wadurkar
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Smoczyńska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Gene Expression, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wojtaszek
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
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Wu Z, Li J, Zheng J, Liu J, Liu S, Lin W, Wu C. Soil microbial community structure and catabolic activity are significantly degenerated in successive rotations of Chinese fir plantations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6691. [PMID: 28751741 PMCID: PMC5532251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the hypotheses that soil microbial community composition and catabolic activity would significantly degenerated by consecutive monoculture in Chinese fir plantations. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and community level physiological profiles (CLPP) methods were used to assess the variations of soil microbial community among the first rotation Chinese fir plantation (FCP), the second rotation plantation (SCP) and the third rotation plantation (TCP). The total content of PLFA biomarkers was highest in FCP, followed by SCP, and TCP was the least detected. Conversely, the fungi/bacteria ratio significantly increased in the SCP and TCP soils. The average well-color development (AWCD) values significantly decreased (FCP > SCP > TCP). However, the sum of AWCD values of amino acids, carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds were higher significantly in the SCP and TCP soils than FCP soils, suggesting that the microflora feeding on acids gradually became predominant in the continuous monoculture plantation soils. Soil C/N ratio was one of the most important factors to soil microbial diversity. Both the PLFA and CLPP results illustrated the long-term pure plantation pattern exacerbated the microecological imbalance in the rhizospheric soils of Chinese fir, and markedly decreased the soil microbial community diversity and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Wu
- Life Sciences College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianjuan Li
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Life Sciences College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Life Sciences College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China. .,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Molecular Physiology (Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Chengzhen Wu
- Forestry College of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, 350002, China.
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Massalha H, Korenblum E, Tholl D, Aharoni A. Small molecules below-ground: the role of specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:788-807. [PMID: 28333395 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil communities are diverse taxonomically and functionally. This ecosystem experiences highly complex networks of interactions, but may also present functionally independent entities. Plant roots, a metabolically active hotspot in the soil, take an essential part in below-ground interactions. While plants are known to release an extremely high portion of the fixated carbon to the soil, less information is known about the composition and role of C-containing compounds in the rhizosphere, in particular those involved in chemical communication. Specialized metabolites (or secondary metabolites) produced by plants and their associated microbes have a critical role in various biological activities that modulate the behavior of neighboring organisms. Thus, elucidating the chemical composition and function of specialized metabolites in the rhizosphere is a key element in understanding interactions in this below-ground environment. Here, we review key classes of specialized metabolites that occur as mostly non-volatile compounds in root exudates or are emitted as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The role of these metabolites in below-ground interactions and response to nutrient deficiency, as well as their tissue and cell type-specific biosynthesis and release are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Massalha
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Elisa Korenblum
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Li YP, Feng YL, Kang ZL, Zheng YL, Zhang JL, Chen YJ. Changes in soil microbial communities due to biological invasions can reduce allelopathic effects. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Zong-Li Kang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
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Jose CM, Brandão Torres LM, Torres MAMG, Shirasuna RT, Farias DA, dos Santos NA, Grombone-Guaratini MT. Phytotoxic effects of phenolic acids from Merostachys riedeliana, a native and overabundant Brazilian bamboo. CHEMOECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-016-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Parepa M, Bossdorf O. Testing for allelopathy in invasive plants: it all depends on the substrate! Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu L, Chen J, Wu H, Wang J, Wu Y, Lin S, Khan MU, Zhang Z, Lin W. Effects of consecutive monoculture of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on soil fungal community as determined by pyrosequencing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26601. [PMID: 27216019 PMCID: PMC4877567 DOI: 10.1038/srep26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of Pseudostellaria heterophylla declines significantly. In this study, a three-year field experiment was conducted to identify typical growth inhibition effects caused by extended monoculturing of P. heterophylla. Deep pyrosequencing was used to examine changes in the structure and composition of soil fungal community along a three-year gradient of monoculture. The results revealed a distinct separation between the newly planted plot and the two-year, three-year monocultured plots. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly higher in the two-year and three-year monoculture soils than in the newly planted soil. Consecutive monoculture of this plant led to a significant increase in relative abundance of Fusarium, Trichocladium and Myrothecium and Simplicillium, etc., but a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Penicillium. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a significant increase in Fusarium oxysporum, an agent known to cause wilt and rot disease of P. heterophylla. Furthermore, phenolic acid mixture at a ratio similar to that found in the rhizosphere could promote mycelial growth of pathogenic F. oxysporum. Overall, this study demonstrated that consecutive monoculture of P. heterophylla can alter the fungal community in the rhizosphere, including enrichment of host-specific pathogenic fungi at the expense of plant-beneficial fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Juanying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Umar Khan
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 35002, Fujian, P. R. China
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Insight into structure dynamics of soil microbiota mediated by the richness of replanted Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26175. [PMID: 27188449 PMCID: PMC4870612 DOI: 10.1038/srep26175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Consecutive monoculture of crops causes serious diseases and significant decline in yield and quality, and microbes in the rhizosphere are closely linked with plant health. Here we systematically studied the structure dynamics of soil microbiota in the monocropping system of Pseudostellaria heterophlla. The results illustrated that the successive cropping of P. heterophylla shifts the diversity and structure of microbial community in rhizosphere soil of P. heterophylla, showing that the diversity of microbial community in rhizosphere soil of P. heterophylla was decreased with the increase of planting years while the structure of microbial community became more deteriorative. Moreover, the population size of typical pathogens increased and the beneficial bacterial population decreased with the increasing years of monoculture, which resulted in the microecological imbalance in P. heterophylla rhizosphere, thereby caused serious replanting diseases in monocropping system. Our results suggested that structure dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities were mediated by the richness of replanted P. heterophylla, and thus the replant disease result from the imbalanced microbial structure with a higher ratio of pathogens/beneficial bacteria in rhizosphere soil under monocropping regimes. This finding provides a clue to open a new avenue for modulating the root microbiome to enhance the crop production and sustainability.
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Wu L, Wang J, Huang W, Wu H, Chen J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Lin W. Plant-microbe rhizosphere interactions mediated by Rehmannia glutinosa root exudates under consecutive monoculture. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15871. [PMID: 26515244 PMCID: PMC4626807 DOI: 10.1038/srep15871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under consecutive monoculture, the biomass and quality of Rehmannia glutinosa declines significantly. Consecutive monoculture of R. glutinosa in a four-year field trial led to significant growth inhibition. Most phenolic acids in root exudates had cumulative effects over time under sterile conditions, but these effects were not observed in the rhizosphere under monoculture conditions. It suggested soil microbes might be involved in the degradation and conversion of phenolic acids from the monocultured plants. T-RFLP and qPCR analysis demonstrated differences in both soil bacterial and fungal communities during monoculture. Prolonged monoculture significantly increased levels of Fusarium oxysporum, but decreased levels of Pseudomonas spp. Abundance of beneficial Pseudomonas spp. with antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum was lower in extended monoculture soils. Phenolic acid mixture at a ratio similar to that found in the rhizosphere could promote mycelial growth, sporulation, and toxin (3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-O-Acetyl-4-deoxynivalenol) production of pathogenic F. oxysporum while inhibiting growth of the beneficial Pseudomonas sp. W12. This study demonstrates that extended monoculture can alter the microbial community of the rhizosphere, leading to relatively fewer beneficial microorganisms and relatively more pathogenic and toxin-producing microorganisms, which is mediated by the root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Juanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Hongmiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, P. R. China
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36
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Intraspecific seed interactions alter seedling emergence of
Lespedeza cuneata
under field conditions. POPUL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-015-0495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Li YP, Feng YL, Chen YJ, Tian YH. Soil microbes alleviate allelopathy of invasive plants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0819-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Vestergård M, Rønn R, Ekelund F. Above-belowground interactions govern the course and impact of biological invasions. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv025. [PMID: 25854693 PMCID: PMC4417141 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic organisms that subsequently become invasive is considered a serious threat to global biodiversity, and both scientists and nature-conservationists attempt to find explanations and means to meet this challenge. This requires a thorough analysis of the invasion phenomenon in an evolutionary and ecological context; in the case of invasive plants, we must have a major focus on above-belowground interactions. Thus, we discuss different theories that have been proposed to explain the course of invasions through interactions between plants and soil organisms. Further, a thorough analysis of invasion must include a temporal context. Invasions will typically include an initial acute phase, where the invader expands its territory and a later chronic phase where equilibrium is re-established. Many studies fail to make this distinction, which is unfortunate as it makes it impossible to thoroughly understand the invasion of focus. Thus, we claim that invasions fall into two broad categories. Some invasions irreversibly change pools and pathways of matter and energy in the invaded system; even if the abundance of the invader is reduced or it is completely removed, the system will not return to its former state. We use earthworm invasion in North America as a particular conspicuous example of invasive species that irreversibly change ecosystems. However, invasions may also be reversible, where the exotic organism dominates the system for a period, but in the longer term it either disappears, declines or its negative impact decreases. If the fundamental ecosystem structure and flows of energy and matter have not been changed, the system will return to a state not principally different from the original.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Vestergård
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Regin Rønn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Jandová K, Dostál P, Cajthaml T, Kameník Z. Intraspecific variability in allelopathy of Heracleum mantegazzianum is linked to the metabolic profile of root exudates. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:821-31. [PMID: 25714817 PMCID: PMC4373284 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Allelopathy may drive invasions of some exotic plants, although empirical evidence for this theory remains largely inconclusive. This could be related to the large intraspecific variability of chemically mediated plant-plant interactions, which is poorly studied. This study addressed intraspecific variability in allelopathy of Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed), an invasive species with a considerable negative impact on native communities and ecosystems. METHODS Bioassays were carried out to test the alleopathic effects of H. mantegazzianum root exudates on germination of Arabidopsis thaliana and Plantago lanceolata. Populations of H. mantegazzianum from the Czech Republic were sampled and variation in the phytotoxic effects of the exudates was partitioned between areas, populations within areas, and maternal lines. The composition of the root exudates was determined by metabolic profiling using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and the relationships between the metabolic profiles and the effects observed in the bioassays were tested using orthogonal partial least-squares analysis. KEY RESULTS Variance partitioning indicated that the highest variance in phytotoxic effects was within populations. The inhibition of germination observed in the bioassay for the co-occurring native species P. lanceolata could be predicted by the metabolic profiles of the root exudates of particular maternal lines. Fifteen compounds associated with this inhibition were tentatively identified. CONCLUSIONS The results present strong evidence that intraspecific variability needs to be considered in research on allelopathy, and suggest that metabolic profiling provides an efficient tool for studying chemically mediated plant-plant interactions whenever unknown metabolites are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Jandová
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dostál
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kameník
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic and Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Gibson DM, Vaughan RH, Milbrath LR. Invasive swallow-worts: an allelopathic role for -(-) antofine remains unclear. J Chem Ecol 2015; 41:202-11. [PMID: 25653045 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-015-0552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pale swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) and black swallow-wort (V. nigrum) are two invasive plant species in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada that have undergone rapidly expanding ranges over the past 30 years. Both species possess a highly bioactive phytotoxin -(-) antofine in root tissues that causes pronounced inhibition in laboratory bioassays of native plant species co-located in habitats where swallow-wort is found. To further evaluate the allelopathic potential of -(-) antofine, we: determined its concentration in young plant tissues; used in situ approaches to assess antofine stability, potential activity of degradation products, activity in sterile and nonsterile soil; and determined accumulation and concentration in hydroponic cultivation and field collected soil samples. Extracts of seeds and young seedlings were found to have approximately 2-3 times the level of -(-) antofine in comparison to root extracts of adult plants. Breakdown products of antofine accumulated rapidly with exposure to light, but more slowly in the dark, at ambient temperatures, and these products did not retain biological activity. Extraction efficiencies of control soil spiked with -(-) antofine were low but easily detectable by HPLC. Soil samples collected over two growing seasons at four different sites where either pale swallow-wort or black swallow-wort populations are present were negative for the presence of -(-) antofine. Dose response curves using sterile and nonsterile soil spiked with -(-) antofine demonstrated a requirement for at least 20-55 × greater -(-) antofine concentrations in soil to produce similar phytotoxic effects to those previously seen in agar bioassays with lettuce seedlings. Sterile soil had a calculated EC50 of 686 μM (250 μg/g) as compared to nonsterile soil treatments with a calculated EC50 of 1.88 mM (640 μg/g). When pale swallow-wort and black swallow-wort adult plants were grown in hydroponic cultivation, -(-) antofine was found in root exudates and in the growing medium in the nM range. The concentrations in exudate were much lower than that needed for biological activity (μM) although they might be an underestimate of what may accumulate over time in an undisturbed rhizosphere. Based on these various results, it remains uncertain as to whether -(-) antofine could play a significant allelopathic role for invasive swallow-worts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Gibson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Del Fabbro C, Prati D. The relative importance of immediate allelopathy and allelopathic legacy in invasive plant species. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Semchenko M, Saar S, Lepik A. Plant root exudates mediate neighbour recognition and trigger complex behavioural changes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:631-637. [PMID: 25039372 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Some plant species are able to distinguish between neighbours of different genetic identity and attempt to pre-empt resources through root proliferation in the presence of unrelated competitors, but avoid competition with kin. However, studies on neighbour recognition have met with some scepticism because the mechanisms by which plants identify their neighbours have remained unclear. In order to test whether root exudates could mediate neighbour recognition in plants, we performed a glasshouse experiment in which plants of Deschampsia caespitosa were subjected to root exudates collected from potential neighbours of different genetic identities, including siblings and individuals belonging to the same or a different population or species. Our results show that root exudates can carry specific information about the genetic relatedness, population origin and species identity of neighbours, and trigger different responses at the whole root system level and at the level of individual roots in direct contact with locally applied exudates. Increased root density was mainly achieved through changes in morphology rather than biomass allocation, suggesting that plants are able to limit the energetic cost of selfish behaviour. This study reveals a new level of complexity in the ability of plants to interpret and react to their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Semchenko
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sirgi Saar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Lepik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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Aschehoug ET, Callaway RM. Morphological variability in tree root architecture indirectly affects coexistence among competitors in the understory. Ecology 2014; 95:1731-6. [PMID: 25163107 DOI: 10.1890/13-1749.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between plants can have strong effects on community structure and function. Variability in the morphological, developmental, physiological, and biochemical traits of plants can influence the outcome of plant interactions and thus have important ecological consequences. However, the ecological ramifications of trait variability in plants are poorly understood and have rarely been tested in the field. We experimentally tested the effects of morphological variation in root architecture of Quercus douglasii trees in the field on interactions between understory plants and community composition. Our results indicate that variability among Q. douglasii tree root systems initiates a striking reversal in the competitive effects of dominant understory grass species on a less common species. Trees with a deep-rooted morphology facilitated exotic annual grasses and these annual grasses, in turn, competitively excluded the native perennial bunchgrass, Stipapulchra. In contrast, Q. douglasii trees with shallow-rooted morphologies directly suppressed the growth of exotic annual grasses and indirectly released S. pulchra individuals from competition with these annual grasses. Morphological variation in the root architecture of Q. douglasii created substantial conditionality in the outcomes of competition among species which enhanced the potential for indirect interactions to sustain coexistence and increase community diversity.
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Movellan J, Rocher F, Chikh Z, Marivingt-Mounir C, Bonnemain JL, Chollet JF. Synthesis and evaluation as biodegradable herbicides of halogenated analogs of L-meta-tyrosine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4861-70. [PMID: 23224500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
L-meta-tyrosine is an herbicidal nonprotein amino acid isolated some years ago from fine fescue grasses and characterized by its almost immediate microbial degradation in soil (half-life <24 h). Nine monohalogenated or dihalogenated analogs of this allelochemical have been obtained through a seven-step stereoselective synthesis from commercial halogenated phenols. Bioassays showed a large range of biological responses, from a growth root inhibition of lettuce seedling similar to that noted with m-tyrosine [2-amino-3-(2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid or compound 8b] to an increase of the primary root growth concomitant with a delay of secondary root initiation [2-amino-3-[2-fluoro-5-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid or compound 8h]. Compound 8b was slightly less degraded than m-tyrosine in the nonsterilized nutritive solution used for lettuce development, while the concentration of compound 8h remained unchanged for at least 2 weeks. These data indicate that it is possible to manipulate both biological properties and degradation of m-tyrosine by halogen addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Movellan
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022, Poitiers Cedex, France
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Aschehoug ET, Callaway RM, Newcombe G, Tharayil N, Chen S. Fungal endophyte increases the allelopathic effects of an invasive forb. Oecologia 2014; 175:285-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-2891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Achatz M, Morris EK, Müller F, Hilker M, Rillig MC. Soil hypha-mediated movement of allelochemicals: arbuscular mycorrhizae extend the bioactive zone of juglone. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Achatz
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - E. Kathryn Morris
- Department of Biology; Xavier University; 3800 Victory Parkway Cincinnati Ohio 45207 USA
| | - Frank Müller
- Institut für Biologie, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Institut für Biologie, Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin 12163, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin 14195 Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin 14195 Germany
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WANG JH, CHEN T, LIN WX. Plant allelopathy types and their application in agriculture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1011.2013.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biodegradation of the allelopathic chemical m-tyrosine by Bacillus aquimaris SSC5 involves the homogentisate central pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75928. [PMID: 24098407 PMCID: PMC3788032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
m-Tyrosine is an amino acid analogue, exuded from the roots of fescue grasses, which acts as a potent allelopathic and a broad spectrum herbicidal chemical. Although the production and toxic effects of m-tyrosine are known, its microbial degradation has not been documented yet. A soil microcosm study showed efficient degradation of m-tyrosine by the inhabitant microorganisms. A bacterial strain designated SSC5, that was able to utilize m-tyrosine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy, was isolated from the soil microcosm and was characterized as Bacillus aquimaris. Analytical methods such as HPLC, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR performed on the resting cell samples identified the formation of 3-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (3-OH-PPA), 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (3-OH-PhAc), and homogentisate (HMG) as major intermediates in the m-tyrosine degradation pathway. Enzymatic assays carried out on cell-free lysates of m-tyrosine-induced cells confirmed transamination reaction as the first step of m-tyrosine degradation. The intermediate 3-OH-PhAc thus obtained was further funneled into the HMG central pathway as revealed by a hydroxylase enzyme assay. Subsequent degradation of HMG occurred by ring cleavage catalyzed by the enzyme homogentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase. This study has significant implications in terms of understanding the environmental fate of m-tyrosine as well as regulation of its phytotoxic effect by soil microorganisms.
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Li XJ, Xia ZC, Kong CH, Xu XH. Mobility and microbial activity of allelochemicals in soil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5072-5079. [PMID: 23647315 DOI: 10.1021/jf400949m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The action of allelochemicals in soil needs their presence in the vicinity of the target plants. Using a soil TLC combined with bioassay approach, the mobility of 10 typical allelochemicals was evaluated. Ferulic, p-hydroxymandelic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and vanillic acids always had the lowest mobility (Rf < 0.1), whereas phenolic aldehyde and lactone (vanillin and coumarin) showed the highest mobility (Rf > 0.5). The Rf values of daidzein, 1α-angeloyloxycarotol, DIMBOA, and m-tyrosine ranged from 0.24 to 0.32. Binary mixtures of these allelochemicals led to an increase in mobility factors for selected combinations. Phospholipid fatty acid profiling indicated that there were different soil microbial communities in the segments containing allelochemicals residues in the developed TLC soil layer. A difference in microbial community structure occurred between two nitrogenous DIMBOA and m-tyrosine and another eight allelochemicals. The results suggest that the soil activity of allelochemicals on bioassay species and microbial communities depends on their mobility in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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