1
|
Zhang H, Gong X, Xu X, Wang X, Sun Y. Tooth number abnormality: from bench to bedside. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:5. [PMID: 36604408 PMCID: PMC9816303 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth number abnormality is one of the most common dental developmental diseases, which includes both tooth agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Tooth development is regulated by numerous developmental signals, such as the well-known Wnt, BMP, FGF, Shh and Eda pathways, which mediate the ongoing complex interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme. Abnormal expression of these crutial signalling during this process may eventually lead to the development of anomalies in tooth number; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the major process of tooth development, the latest progress of mechanism studies and newly reported clinical investigations of tooth number abnormality. In addition, potential treatment approaches for tooth number abnormality based on developmental biology are also discussed. This review not only provides a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of tooth number abnormality in clinical practice but also facilitates the translation of basic research to the clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyan Gong
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Xu
- grid.24516.340000000123704535Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- grid.64939.310000 0000 9999 1211Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao L, Matsumoto Y, Iseki S, Ono T. Effects of short-term orthodontic force application on the root at different developmental stages in rat maxillary molars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 163:531-539.e2. [PMID: 36564315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The suitable timing and duration of orthodontic force to be applied to teeth with developing roots are unclear. We investigated the effects of short-term orthodontic force application on the roots at different root developmental stages in rats to predict the optimal timing for orthodontic treatment of teeth with developing roots. METHODS Light orthodontic force was applied on the maxillary first molars of rats from postnatal day (PN) 21 or PN28 for 3 days. After that, the force was released, and the roots were evaluated on PN35 to determine the root length, apical morphology, and cell proliferation of the maxillary first mesial roots using microcomputed tomography and histologic evaluation. RESULTS When a light orthodontic force was applied from PN21, the root length did not differ from that in age-matched controls. In addition, after the force was released, the roots attained the normal root-completing length and had a well-formed root apical morphology at PN35. Conversely, when the force was applied from PN28, the roots showed apical abnormalities characterized by deformed dentin and disorganized arrangement of odontoblasts, reduced apical cell proliferation, and significantly shorter length than those in the age-matched controls at PN31. The shortened root and disturbed apical integrity could not be rescued by releasing the orthodontic force at PN35. CONCLUSIONS Short-term orthodontic force at the late and slow root developmental stage results in a shortened root and a defect in the root apex with reduced cell proliferation. Our findings support that orthodontic force for a limited duration during the active and rapid root developmental stage is more favorable than during the late and slow stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zimm R, Oberdick D, Gnetneva A, Schneider P, Cebra-Thomas J, Moustakas-Verho JE. Turing's turtles all the way down: A conserved role of EDAR in the carapacial ridge suggests a deep homology of prepatterns across ectodermal appendages. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1201-1213. [PMID: 36239299 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scutes of the turtle shell are epidermal shields that begin their formation during the early stages of shell development. Like other skin appendages, turtle scutes are hypothesized to be patterned by reaction-diffusion systems. We have previously established ex vivo and in silico systems to study these mechanisms experimentally and have further shown that mathematical models can explain the dynamics of the induction of turtle scute primordia and the generation of final scute architecture. Using these foundations, we expand our current knowledge and test the roles of ectodysplasin and activin signaling in the development of turtle scutes. We find that these molecules play important roles in the prepatterning of scute primordia along the carapacial ridge and show that blocking Edar signaling may lead to a complete loss of marginal scute primordia. We show that it is possible to reproduce these observations using simple mathematical modeling, thereby suggesting a stabilizing role for ectodysplasin within the reaction-diffusion mechanisms. Finally, we argue that our findings further entrench turtle scutes within a class of developmental systems composed of hierarchically nested reaction-diffusion mechanisms, which is conserved across ectodermal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Zimm
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Danielle Oberdick
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Gnetneva
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Judith Cebra-Thomas
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salomies L, Eymann J, Ollonen J, Khan I, Di-Poï N. The developmental origins of heterodonty and acrodonty as revealed by reptile dentitions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7912. [PMID: 34919438 PMCID: PMC8682985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the exceptional diversity and central role of dentitions in vertebrate evolution, many aspects of tooth characters remain unknown. Here, we exploit the large array of dental phenotypes in acrodontan lizards, including EDA mutants showing the first vertebrate example of positional transformation in tooth identity, to assess the developmental origins and evolutionary patterning of tooth types and heterodonty. We reveal that pleurodont versus acrodont dentition can be determined by a simple mechanism, where modulation of tooth size through EDA signaling has major consequences on dental formula, thereby providing a new flexible tooth patterning model. Furthermore, such implication of morphoregulation in tooth evolution allows predicting the dental patterns characterizing extant and fossil lepidosaurian taxa at large scale. Together, the origins and diversification of tooth types, long a focus of multiple research fields, can now be approached through evo-devo approaches, highlighting the importance of underexplored dental features for illuminating major evolutionary patterns.
Collapse
|
5
|
Seppala M, Thivichon-Prince B, Xavier GM, Shaffie N, Sangani I, Birjandi AA, Rooney J, Lau JNS, Dhaliwal R, Rossi O, Riaz MA, Stonehouse-Smith D, Wang Y, Papageorgiou SN, Viriot L, Cobourne MT. Gas1 Regulates Patterning of the Murine and Human Dentitions through Sonic Hedgehog. J Dent Res 2021; 101:473-482. [PMID: 34796774 PMCID: PMC8935464 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211049403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian dentition is a serially homogeneous structure that exhibits wide numerical and morphological variation among multiple different species. Patterning of the dentition is achieved through complex reiterative molecular signaling interactions that occur throughout the process of odontogenesis. The secreted signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a key role in this process, and the Shh coreceptor growth arrest-specific 1 (Gas1) is expressed in odontogenic mesenchyme and epithelium during multiple stages of tooth development. We show that mice engineered with Gas1 loss-of-function mutation have variation in number, morphology, and size of teeth within their molar dentition. Specifically, supernumerary teeth with variable morphology are present mesial to the first molar with high penetrance, while molar teeth are characterized by the presence of both additional and absent cusps, combined with reduced dimensions and exacerbated by the presence of a supernumerary tooth. We demonstrate that the supernumerary tooth in Gas1 mutant mice arises through proliferation and survival of vestigial tooth germs and that Gas1 function in cranial neural crest cells is essential for the regulation of tooth number, acting to restrict Wnt and downstream FGF signaling in odontogenic epithelium through facilitation of Shh signal transduction. Moreover, regulation of tooth number is independent of the additional Hedgehog coreceptors Cdon and Boc, which are also expressed in multiple regions of the developing tooth germ. Interestingly, further reduction of Hedgehog pathway activity in Shhtm6Amc hypomorphic mice leads to fusion of the molar field and reduced prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a Gas1 mutant background. Finally, we demonstrate defective coronal morphology and reduced coronal dimensions in the molar dentition of human subjects identified with pathogenic mutations in GAS1 and SHH/GAS1, suggesting that regulation of Hedgehog signaling through GAS1 is also essential for normal patterning of the human dentition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Seppala
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Thivichon-Prince
- Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305/Université de Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France.,Faculté d'Odontologie, Université de Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - G M Xavier
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N Shaffie
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - I Sangani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Rooney
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J N S Lau
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Dhaliwal
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - O Rossi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M A Riaz
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Stonehouse-Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Y Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S N Papageorgiou
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Viriot
- Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique (LBTI), UMR CNRS 5305/Université de Lyon 1, IBCP, Lyon, France
| | - M T Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
A major challenge in evolutionary developmental biology is to understand how genetic mutations underlie phenotypic changes. In principle, selective pressures on the phenotype screen the gene pool of the population. Teeth are an excellent model for understanding evolutionary changes in the genotype-phenotype relationship since they exist throughout vertebrates. Genetically modified mice (mutants) with abnormalities in teeth have been used to explore tooth development. The relationship between signaling pathways and molar shape, however, remains elusive due to the high intrinsic complexity of tooth crowns. This hampers our understanding of the extent to which developmental factors explored in mutants explain developmental and phenotypic variation in natural species that represent the consequence of natural selection. Here we combine a novel morphometric method with two kinds of data mining techniques to extract data sets from the three-dimensional surface models of lower first molars: i) machine learning to maximize classification accuracy of 22 mutants, and ii) phylogenetic signal for 31 Murinae species. Major shape variation among mutants is explained by the number of cusps and cusp distribution on a tooth crown. The distribution of mutant mice in morphospace suggests a nonlinear relationship between the signaling pathways and molar shape variation. Comparative analysis of mutants and wild murines reveals that mutant variation overlaps naturally occurring diversity, including more ancestral and derived morphologies. However, taxa with transverse lophs are not fully covered by mutant variation, suggesting experimentally unexplored developmental factors in the evolutionary radiation of Murines.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sadier A, Santana SE, Sears KE. The role of core and variable Gene Regulatory Network modules in tooth development and evolution. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 63:icaa116. [PMID: 32761089 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the developmental processes that have been proposed to influence the direction of evolution, the modular organization of developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) has shown particular promise. In theory, GRNs have core modules comprised of essential, conserved circuits of genes, and sub-modules of downstream, secondary circuits of genes that are more susceptible to variation. While this idea has received considerable interest as of late, the field of evo-devo lacks the experimental systems needed to rigorously evaluate this hypothesis. Here, we introduce an experimental system, the vertebrate tooth, that has great potential as a model for testing this hypothesis. Tooth development and its associated GRN have been well studied and modeled in both model and non-model organisms. We propose that the existence of modules within the tooth GRN explains both the conservation of developmental mechanisms and the extraordinary diversity of teeth among vertebrates. Based on experimental data, we hypothesize that there is a conserved core module of genes that is absolutely necessary to ensure tooth or cusp initiation and development. In regard to tooth shape variation between species, we suggest that more relaxed sub-modules activated at later steps of tooth development, e.g., during the morphogenesis of the tooth and its cusps, control the different axes of tooth morphological variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen E Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Meguro F, Porntaveetus T, Kawasaki M, Kawasaki K, Yamada A, Kakihara Y, Saeki M, Tabeta K, Kessler JA, Maeda T, Ohazama A. Bmp signaling in molar cusp formation. Gene Expr Patterns 2019; 32:67-71. [PMID: 30980961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tooth cusp is a crucial structure, since the shape of the molar tooth is determined by number, shape, and size of the cusp. Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling is known to play a critical role in tooth development, including in initiation. However, it remains unclear whether Bmp signaling is also involved in cusp formation. To address this question, we examined cusp in two different transgenic mouse lines: mice with overexpression of Bmp4 (K14-Bmp4), and those with Bmp inhibitor, Noggin, (K14-Noggin) under keratin14 (K14) promoter. K14-Noggin mice demonstrated extra cusps, whereas reduced number of cusps was observed in K14-Bmp4 mice. To further understand how Bmps are expressed during cusp formation, we performed whole-mount in situ hybridisation analysis of three major Bmps (Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bmp7) in murine maxillary and mandibular molars from E14.5 to P3. The linear expressions of Bmp2 and Bmp4 were observed in both maxillary and mandibular molars at E14.5. The expression patterns of Bmp2 and Bmp4 became significantly different between the maxillary and mandibular molars at E16.5. At P3, all Bmps were expressed in all the cusp regions of the maxillary molar; however, the patterns differed. All Bmps thus exhibited dynamic temporo-spatial expression during the cusp formation. It could therefore be inferred that Bmp signaling is involved in regulating cusp formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Meguro
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Maiko Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Katsushige Kawasaki
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akane Yamada
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kakihara
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Makio Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- (f)Research Center for Advanced Oral Science, Department of Oral Life Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Atsushi Ohazama
- Division of Oral Anatomy, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sadier A, Twarogowska M, Steklikova K, Hayden L, Lambert A, Schneider P, Laudet V, Hovorakova M, Calvez V, Pantalacci S. Modeling Edar expression reveals the hidden dynamics of tooth signaling center patterning. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000064. [PMID: 30730874 PMCID: PMC6382175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When patterns are set during embryogenesis, it is expected that they are straightly established rather than subsequently modified. The patterning of the three mouse molars is, however, far from straight, likely as a result of mouse evolutionary history. The first-formed tooth signaling centers, called MS and R2, disappear before driving tooth formation and are thought to be vestiges of the premolars found in mouse ancestors. Moreover, the mature signaling center of the first molar (M1) is formed from the fusion of two signaling centers (R2 and early M1). Here, we report that broad activation of Edar expression precedes its spatial restriction to tooth signaling centers. This reveals a hidden two-step patterning process for tooth signaling centers, which was modeled with a single activator-inhibitor pair subject to reaction-diffusion (RD). The study of Edar expression also unveiled successive phases of signaling center formation, erasing, recovering, and fusion. Our model, in which R2 signaling center is not intrinsically defective but erased by the broad activation preceding M1 signaling center formation, predicted the surprising rescue of R2 in Edar mutant mice, where activation is reduced. The importance of this R2-M1 interaction was confirmed by ex vivo cultures showing that R2 is capable of forming a tooth. Finally, by introducing chemotaxis as a secondary process to RD, we recapitulated in silico different conditions in which R2 and M1 centers fuse or not. In conclusion, pattern formation in the mouse molar field relies on basic mechanisms whose dynamics produce embryonic patterns that are plastic objects rather than fixed end points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sadier
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Monika Twarogowska
- Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, project team Inria NUMED, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5669, Lyon, France
| | - Klara Steklikova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luke Hayden
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Lambert
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Institut Camille Jordan, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5208, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Pantalacci
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon, France
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS UMR 5239, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Laugel-Haushalter V, Morkmued S, Stoetzel C, Geoffroy V, Muller J, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Chennen K, Pitiphat W, Dollfus H, Niederreither K, Bloch-Zupan A, Pungchanchaikul P. Genetic Evidence Supporting the Role of the Calcium Channel, CACNA1S, in Tooth Cusp and Root Patterning. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1329. [PMID: 30319441 PMCID: PMC6170876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a unique dominantly inherited disorganized supernumerary cusp and single root phenotype presented by 11 affected individuals belonging to 5 north-eastern Thai families. Using whole exome sequencing (WES) we identified a common single missense mutation that segregates with the phenotype in exon 6 of CACNA1S (Cav1.1) (NM_000069.2: c.[865A > G];[=] p.[Ile289Val];[=]), the Calcium Channel, Voltage-Dependent, L Type, Alpha-1s Subunit, OMIM ∗ 114208), affecting a highly conserved amino-acid isoleucine residue within the pore forming subdomain of CACNA1S protein. This is a strong genetic evidence that a voltage-dependent calcium ion channel is likely to play a role in influencing tooth morphogenesis and patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Laugel-Haushalter
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Supawich Morkmued
- Biofilm Research Group, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 1258, CNRS- UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Paris, France
| | - Kirsley Chennen
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 1258, CNRS- UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Computer Science, ICube, CNRS - UMR 7357, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Waranuch Pitiphat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, UMR_S INSERM U1112, IGMA, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique, Filière SENSGENE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karen Niederreither
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 1258, CNRS- UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CERBM, INSERM U 1258, CNRS- UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires Hôpital Civil, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires, O-Rares, Filière Santé Maladies Rares TETE COU, European Reference Network ERN CRANIO, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patimaporn Pungchanchaikul
- Biofilm Research Group, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maxillary Bone Regeneration Based on Nanoreservoirs Functionalized ε-Polycaprolactone Biomembranes in a Mouse Model of Jaw Bone Lesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7380389. [PMID: 29682553 PMCID: PMC5846386 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7380389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches of regenerative therapies constitute strategies for bone tissue reparation and engineering, especially in the context of genetical diseases with skeletal defects. Bone regeneration using electrospun nanofibers' implant has the following objectives: bone neoformation induction with rapid healing, reduced postoperative complications, and improvement of bone tissue quality. In vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in mouse maxillary defects was followed by bone neoformation kinetics evaluation using microcomputed tomography. Wild-Type (WT) and Tabby (Ta) mice were used to compare effects on a normal phenotype and on a mutant model of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). After 21 days, no effect on bone neoformation was observed in Ta treated lesion (4% neoformation compared to 13% in the control lesion). Between the 21st and the 30th days, the use of biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in maxillary bone lesions allowed a significant increase in bone neoformation peaks (resp., +8% in mutant Ta and +13% in WT). Histological analyses revealed a neoformed bone with regular trabecular structure, areas of mineralized bone inside the membrane, and an improved neovascularization in the treated lesion with bifunctionalized membrane. In conclusion, PCL functionalized biomembrane promoted bone neoformation, this effect being modulated by the Ta bone phenotype responsible for an alteration of bone response.
Collapse
|
12
|
Fons Romero JM, Star H, Lav R, Watkins S, Harrison M, Hovorakova M, Headon D, Tucker AS. The Impact of the Eda Pathway on Tooth Root Development. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1290-1297. [PMID: 28813629 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517725692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eda pathway ( Eda, Edar, Edaradd) plays an important role in tooth development, determining tooth number, crown shape, and enamel formation. Here we show that the Eda pathway also plays a key role in root development. Edar (the receptor) is expressed in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root development, with mutant mice showing a high incidence of taurodontism: large pulp chambers lacking or showing delayed bifurcation or trifurcation of the roots. The mouse upper second molars in the Eda pathway mutants show the highest incidence of taurodontism, this enhanced susceptibility being matched in human patients with mutations in EDA-A1. These taurodont teeth form due to defects in the direction of extension of the HERS from the crown, associated with a more extensive area of proliferation of the neighboring root mesenchyme. In those teeth where the angle at which the HERS extends from the crown is very wide and therefore more vertical, the mutant HERSs fail to reach toward the center of the tooth in the normal furcation region, and taurodont teeth are created. The phenotype is variable, however, with milder changes in angle and proliferation leading to normal or delayed furcation. This is the first analysis of the role of Eda in the root, showing a direct role for this pathway during postnatal mouse development, and it suggests that changes in proliferation and angle of HERS may underlie taurodontism in a range of syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Fons Romero
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Star
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - R Lav
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Watkins
- 2 Hypodontia Clinic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Harrison
- 2 Hypodontia Clinic, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Hovorakova
- 3 Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Headon
- 4 The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A S Tucker
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, London, UK.,3 Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
May AJ, Headon D, Rice DP, Noble A, Tucker AS. FGF and EDA pathways control initiation and branching of distinct subsets of developing nasal glands. Dev Biol 2016; 419:348-356. [PMID: 27590203 PMCID: PMC5145808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy, hyperplasia and altered mucus secretion from the respiratory submucosal glands (SMG) are characteristics of airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma and chronic bronchitis. More commonly, hyper-secretion of the nasal SMGs contributes to allergic rhinitis and upper airway infection. Considering the role of these glands in disease states, there is a significant dearth in understanding the molecular signals that regulate SMG development and patterning. Due to the imperative role of FGF signalling during the development of other branched structures, we investigated the role of Fgf10 during initiation and branching morphogenesis of murine nasal SMGs. Fgf10 is expressed in the mesenchyme around developing SMGs while expression of its receptor Fgfr2 is seen within glandular epithelial cells. In the Fgf10 null embryo, Steno's gland and the maxillary sinus gland were completely absent while other neighbouring nasal glands showed normal duct elongation but defective branching. Interestingly, the medial nasal glands were present in Fgf10 homozygotes but missing in Fgfr2b mutants, with expression of Fgf7 specifically expressed around these developing glands, indicating that Fgf7 might compensate for loss of Fgf10 in this group of glands. Intriguingly the lateral nasal glands were only mildly affected by loss of FGF signalling, while these glands were missing in Eda mutant mice, where the Steno's and maxillary sinus gland developed as normal. This analysis reveals that regulation of nasal gland development is complex with different subsets of glands being regulated by different signalling pathways. This analysis helps shed light on the nasal gland defects observed in patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) (defect EDA pathway) and LADD syndrome (defect FGFR2b pathway).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J May
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David P Rice
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Alistair Noble
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morita W. Morphological comparison of the enamel–dentine junction and outer enamel surface of molars using a micro-computed tomography technique. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
15
|
Urdy S, Goudemand N, Pantalacci S. Looking Beyond the Genes: The Interplay Between Signaling Pathways and Mechanics in the Shaping and Diversification of Epithelial Tissues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 119:227-90. [PMID: 27282028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The core of Evo-Devo lies in the intuition that the way tissues grow during embryonic development, the way they sustain their structure and function throughout lifetime, and the way they evolve are closely linked. Epithelial tissues are ubiquitous in metazoans, covering the gut and internal branched organs, as well as the skin and its derivatives (ie, teeth). Here, we discuss in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies on epithelial tissues to illustrate the conserved, dynamical, and complex aspects of their development. We then explore the implications of the dynamical and nonlinear nature of development on the evolution of their size and shape at the phenotypic and genetic levels. In rare cases, when the interplay between signaling and mechanics is well understood at the cell level, it is becoming clear that the structure of development leads to covariation of characters, an integration which in turn provides some predictable structure to evolutionary changes. We suggest that such nonlinear systems are prone to genetic drift, cryptic genetic variation, and context-dependent mutational effects. We argue that experimental and theoretical studies at the cell level are critical to our understanding of the phenotypic and genetic evolution of epithelial tissues, including carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Urdy
- University of Zürich, Institute of Physics, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - N Goudemand
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - S Pantalacci
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Phenotypic and evolutionary implications of modulating the ERK-MAPK cascade using the dentition as a model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11658. [PMID: 26123406 PMCID: PMC4485067 DOI: 10.1038/srep11658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of phenotypic convergence across a signalling pathway has important implications for both developmental and evolutionary biology. The ERK-MAPK cascade is known to play a central role in dental development, but the relative roles of its components remain unknown. Here we investigate the diversity of dental phenotypes in Spry2−/−, Spry4−/−, and Rsk2−/Y mice, including the incidence of extra teeth, which were lost in the mouse lineage 45 million years ago (Ma). In addition, Sprouty-specific anomalies mimic a phenotype that is absent in extant mice but present in mouse ancestors prior to 9 Ma. Although the mutant lines studied display convergent phenotypes, each gene has a specific role in tooth number determination and crown patterning. The similarities found between teeth in fossils and mutants highlight the pivotal role of the ERK-MAPK cascade during the evolution of the dentition in rodents.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Yang J, Wang SK, Choi M, Reid BM, Hu Y, Lee YL, Herzog CR, Kim-Berman H, Lee M, Benke PJ, Kent Lloyd KC, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Taurodontism, variations in tooth number, and misshapened crowns in Wnt10a null mice and human kindreds. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:40-58. [PMID: 25629078 PMCID: PMC4299714 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT10A is a signaling molecule involved in tooth development, and WNT10A defects are associated with tooth agenesis. We characterized Wnt10a null mice generated by the knockout mouse project (KOMP) and six families with WNT10A mutations, including a novel p.Arg104Cys defect, in the absence of EDA,EDAR, or EDARADD variations. Wnt10a null mice exhibited supernumerary mandibular fourth molars, and smaller molars with abnormal cusp patterning and root taurodontism. Wnt10a (-/-) incisors showed distinctive apical-lingual wedge-shaped defects. These findings spurred us to closely examine the dental phenotypes of our WNT10A families. WNT10A heterozygotes exhibited molar root taurodontism and mild tooth agenesis (with incomplete penetrance) in their permanent dentitions. Individuals with two defective WNT10A alleles showed severe tooth agenesis and had fewer cusps on their molars. The misshapened molar crowns and roots were consistent with the Wnt10a null phenotype and were not previously associated with WNT10A defects. The missing teeth contrasted with the presence of supplemental teeth in the Wnt10a null mice and demonstrated mammalian species differences in the roles of Wnt signaling in early tooth development. We conclude that molar crown and root dysmorphologies are caused by WNT10A defects and that the severity of the tooth agenesis correlates with the number of defective WNT10A alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University22 South Avenue Zhongguancun Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768, Korea
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520
| | - Bryan M Reid
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Yuan-Ling Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan UniversityNo. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan, China
| | - Curtis R Herzog
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Hera Kim-Berman
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. UniversityAnn Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1078
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-768, Korea
| | - Paul J Benke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital1150 N. 35th Avenue, Suite 490, Hollywood, Florida, 33021
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Biology Program (MBP), University of California2795 Second Street, Suite 400, Davis, California, 95618
| | - James P Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| | - Jan C-C Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48108
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lai WF, Lee JM, Jung HS. Molecular and engineering approaches to regenerate and repair teeth in mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1691-701. [PMID: 24270857 PMCID: PMC11113857 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous replacement of teeth throughout the lifespan of an individual is possibly basal for most of the vertebrates including fish and reptiles; however, mammals generally have a limited capacity of tooth renewal. The ability to induce cellular differentiation in adults to replace lost or damaged cells in mammals, or to tissue-engineer organs in vitro, has hence become one of the major goals of regenerative medicine. In this article, we will revisit some of the important signals and tissue interactions that regulate mammalian tooth development, and will offer a synopsis of the latest progress in tooth regeneration and repair via molecular and engineering approaches. It is hoped that this article will not only offer an overview of recent technologies in tooth regeneration and repair but will also stimulate more interdisciplinary research in this field to turn the pursuit of tooth regeneration and repair into practical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei Center of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemum-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
- Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The ectodysplasin pathway: from diseases to adaptations. Trends Genet 2013; 30:24-31. [PMID: 24070496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway, which is active during the development of ectodermal organs, including teeth, hairs, feathers, and mammary glands, and which is crucial for fine-tuning the developmental network controlling the number, size, and density of these structures, was discovered by studying human patients affected by anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. It comprises three main gene products: EDA, a ligand that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α family, EDAR, a receptor related to the TNFα receptors, and EDARADD, a specific adaptor. This core pathway relies on downstream NF-κB pathway activation to regulate target genes. The pathway has recently been found to be associated with specific adaptations in natural populations: the magnitude of armor plates in sticklebacks and the hair structure in Asian human populations. Thus, despite its role in human disease, the EDA pathway is a 'hopeful pathway' that could allow adaptive changes in ectodermal appendages which, as specialized interfaces with the environment, are considered hot-spots of morphological evolution.
Collapse
|
21
|
Roles of dental development and adaptation in rodent evolution. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2504. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
22
|
Kamberov YG, Wang S, Tan J, Gerbault P, Wark A, Tan L, Yang Y, Li S, Tang K, Chen H, Powell A, Itan Y, Fuller D, Lohmueller J, Mao J, Schachar A, Paymer M, Hostetter E, Byrne E, Burnett M, McMahon AP, Thomas MG, Lieberman DE, Jin L, Tabin CJ, Morgan BA, Sabeti PC. Modeling recent human evolution in mice by expression of a selected EDAR variant. Cell 2013; 152:691-702. [PMID: 23415220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An adaptive variant of the human Ectodysplasin receptor, EDARV370A, is one of the strongest candidates of recent positive selection from genome-wide scans. We have modeled EDAR370A in mice and characterized its phenotype and evolutionary origins in humans. Our computational analysis suggests the allele arose in central China approximately 30,000 years ago. Although EDAR370A has been associated with increased scalp hair thickness and changed tooth morphology in humans, its direct biological significance and potential adaptive role remain unclear. We generated a knockin mouse model and find that, as in humans, hair thickness is increased in EDAR370A mice. We identify new biological targets affected by the mutation, including mammary and eccrine glands. Building on these results, we find that EDAR370A is associated with an increased number of active eccrine glands in the Han Chinese. This interdisciplinary approach yields unique insight into the generation of adaptive variation among modern humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana G Kamberov
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Charles C, Solé F, Rodrigues HG, Viriot L. Under pressure? Dental adaptations to termitophagy and vermivory among mammals. Evolution 2013; 67:1792-804. [PMID: 23730770 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The extant mammals have evolved highly diversified diets associated with many specialized morphologies. Two rare diets, termitophagy and vermivory, are characterized by unusual morphological and dental adaptations that have evolved independently in several clades. Termitophagy is known to be associated with increases in tooth number, crown simplification, enamel loss, and the appearance of intermolar diastemata. We observed similar modifications at the species level in vermivorous clades, although interestingly the vermivorous mammals lack secondarily derived tools that compensate for the dentition's reduced function. We argue that the parallel dental changes in these specialists are the result of relaxed selection on occlusal functions of the dentition, which allow a parallel cascade of changes to occur independently in each clade. Comparison of the phenotypes of Rhynchomys, a vermivorous rat, and strains of mice whose ectodysplasin (EDA) pathway has been mutated revealed several shared dental features. Our results point to the likely involvement of this genetic pathway in the rapid, parallel morphological specializations in termitophagous and vermivorous species. We show that diets or feeding mechanisms in other mammals that are linked to decreased reliance on complex can lead to similar cascades of change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Charles
- Team Evo-Devo of Vertebrate Dentition, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, UCBL 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Häärä O, Harjunmaa E, Lindfors PH, Huh SH, Fliniaux I, Åberg T, Jernvall J, Ornitz DM, Mikkola ML, Thesleff I. Ectodysplasin regulates activator-inhibitor balance in murine tooth development through Fgf20 signaling. Development 2012; 139:3189-99. [PMID: 22833125 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the origin and nature of phenotypic variation within species is the first step in understanding variation between species. Mouse models with altered activities of crucial signal pathways have highlighted many important genes and signal networks regulating the morphogenesis of complex structures, such as teeth. The detailed analyses of these models have indicated that the balanced actions of a few pathways regulating cell behavior modulate the shape and number of teeth. Currently, however, most mouse models studied have had gross alteration of morphology, whereas analyses of more subtle modification of morphology are required to link developmental studies to evolutionary change. Here, we have analyzed a signaling network involving ectodysplasin (Eda) and fibroblast growth factor 20 (Fgf20) that subtly affects tooth morphogenesis. We found that Fgf20 is a major downstream effector of Eda and affects Eda-regulated characteristics of tooth morphogenesis, including the number, size and shape of teeth. Fgf20 function is compensated for by other Fgfs, in particular Fgf9 and Fgf4, and is part of an Fgf signaling loop between epithelium and mesenchyme. We showed that removal of Fgf20 in an Eda gain-of-function mouse model results in an Eda loss-of-function phenotype in terms of reduced tooth complexity and third molar appearance. However, the extra anterior molar, a structure lost during rodent evolution 50 million years ago, was stabilized in these mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otso Häärä
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cobourne MT, Sharpe PT. Diseases of the tooth: the genetic and molecular basis of inherited anomalies affecting the dentition. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:183-212. [DOI: 10.1002/wdev.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
26
|
Jheon AH, Seidel K, Biehs B, Klein OD. From molecules to mastication: the development and evolution of teeth. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2012; 2:165-82. [PMID: 24009032 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Teeth are unique to vertebrates and have played a central role in their evolution. The molecular pathways and morphogenetic processes involved in tooth development have been the focus of intense investigation over the past few decades, and the tooth is an important model system for many areas of research. Developmental biologists have exploited the clear distinction between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme during tooth development to elucidate reciprocal epithelial/mesenchymal interactions during organogenesis. The preservation of teeth in the fossil record makes these organs invaluable for the work of paleontologists, anthropologists, and evolutionary biologists. In addition, with the recent identification and characterization of dental stem cells, teeth have become of interest to the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we review the major research areas and studies in the development and evolution of teeth, including morphogenesis, genetics and signaling, evolution of tooth development, and dental stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Jheon
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Charles C, Hovorakova M, Ahn Y, Lyons DB, Marangoni P, Churava S, Biehs B, Jheon A, Lesot H, Balooch G, Krumlauf R, Viriot L, Peterkova R, Klein OD. Regulation of tooth number by fine-tuning levels of receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling. Development 2011; 138:4063-73. [PMID: 21862563 DOI: 10.1242/dev.069195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much of our knowledge about mammalian evolution comes from examination of dental fossils, because the highly calcified enamel that covers teeth causes them to be among the best-preserved organs. As mammals entered new ecological niches, many changes in tooth number occurred, presumably as adaptations to new diets. For example, in contrast to humans, who have two incisors in each dental quadrant, rodents only have one incisor per quadrant. The rodent incisor, because of its unusual morphogenesis and remarkable stem cell-based continuous growth, presents a quandary for evolutionary biologists, as its origin in the fossil record is difficult to trace, and the genetic regulation of incisor number remains a largely open question. Here, we studied a series of mice carrying mutations in sprouty genes, the protein products of which are antagonists of receptor-tyrosine kinase signaling. In sprouty loss-of-function mutants, splitting of gene expression domains and reduced apoptosis was associated with subdivision of the incisor primordium and a multiplication of its stem cell-containing regions. Interestingly, changes in sprouty gene dosage led to a graded change in incisor number, with progressive decreases in sprouty dosage leading to increasing numbers of teeth. Moreover, the independent development of two incisors in mutants with large decreases in sprouty dosage mimicked the likely condition of rodent ancestors. Together, our findings indicate that altering genetic dosage of an antagonist can recapitulate ancestral dental characters, and that tooth number can be progressively regulated by changing levels of activity of a single signal transduction pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Charles
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rodrigues HG, Charles C, Marivaux L, Vianey-Liaud M, Viriot L. Evolutionary and developmental dynamics of the dentition in Muroidea and Dipodoidea (Rodentia, Mammalia). Evol Dev 2011; 13:361-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-142x.2011.00491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
29
|
Wang XP, Fan J. Molecular genetics of supernumerary tooth formation. Genesis 2011; 49:261-77. [PMID: 21309064 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the knowledge of tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, relatively little is known about the aetiology and molecular mechanisms underlying supernumerary tooth formation. A small number of supernumerary teeth may be a common developmental dental anomaly, while multiple supernumerary teeth usually have a genetic component and they are sometimes thought to represent a partial third dentition in humans. Mice, which are commonly used for studying tooth development, only exhibit one dentition, with very few mouse models exhibiting supernumerary teeth similar to those in humans. Inactivation of Apc or forced activation of Wnt/β(catenin signalling results in multiple supernumerary tooth formation in both humans and in mice, but the key genes in these pathways are not very clear. Analysis of other model systems with continuous tooth replacement or secondary tooth formation, such as fish, snake, lizard, and ferret, is providing insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying succesional tooth development, and will assist in the studies on supernumerary tooth formation in humans. This information, together with the advances in stem cell biology and tissue engineering, will pave ways for the tooth regeneration and tooth bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ping Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Atukorala A, Inohaya K, Baba O, Tabata MJ, Ratnayake R, Abduweli D, Kasugai S, Mitani H, Takano Y. Scale and tooth phenotypes in medaka with a mutated ectodysplasin-A receptor: implications for the evolutionary origin of oral and pharyngeal teeth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 73:139-48. [DOI: 10.1679/aohc.73.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.D.S. Atukorala
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Global COE, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Keiji Inohaya
- Department of Biological Information, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Otto Baba
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto J. Tabata
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - R.A.R.K Ratnayake
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Dawud Abduweli
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Global COE, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shohei Kasugai
- International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Global COE, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
- Section of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshiro Takano
- Section of Biostructural Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koh C, Bates E, Broughton E, Do NT, Fletcher Z, Mahaney MC, Hlusko LJ. Genetic integration of molar cusp size variation in baboons. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:246-60. [PMID: 20034010 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many studies of primate diversity and evolution rely on dental morphology for insight into diet, behavior, and phylogenetic relationships. Consequently, variation in molar cusp size has increasingly become a phenotype of interest. In 2007 we published a quantitative genetic analysis of mandibular molar cusp size variation in baboons. Those results provided more questions than answers, as the pattern of genetic integration did not fit predictions from odontogenesis. To follow up, we expanded our study to include data from the maxillary molar cusps. Here we report on these later analyses, as well as inter-arch comparisons with the mandibular data. We analyzed variation in two-dimensional maxillary molar cusp size using data collected from a captive pedigreed breeding colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, housed at the Southwest National Primate Research Center. These analyses show that variation in maxillary molar cusp size is heritable and sexually dimorphic. We also estimated additive genetic correlations between cusps on the same crown, homologous cusps along the tooth row, and maxillary and mandibular cusps. The pattern for maxillary molars yields genetic correlations of one between the paracone-metacone and protocone-hypocone. Bivariate analyses of cuspal homologues on adjacent teeth yield correlations that are high or not significantly different from one. Between dental arcades, the nonoccluding cusps consistently yield high genetic correlations, especially the metaconid-paracone and metaconid-metacone. This pattern of genetic correlation does not immediately accord with the pattern of development and/or calcification, however these results do follow predictions that can be made from the evolutionary history of the tribosphenic molar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Koh
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
It is known from paleontology studies that two premolars have been lost during mouse evolution. During mouse mandible development, two bud-like structures transiently form that may represent rudimentary precursors of the lost premolars. However, the interpretation of these structures and their significance for mouse molar development are highly controversial because of a lack of molecular data. Here, we searched for typical tooth signaling centers in these two bud-like structures, and followed their fate using molecular markers, 3D reconstructions, and lineage tracing in vitro. Transient signaling centers were indeed found to be located at the tips of both the anterior and posterior rudimentary buds. These centers expressed a similar set of molecular markers as the "primary enamel knot" (pEK), the signaling center of the first molar (M1). These two transient signaling centers were sequentially patterned before and anterior to the M1 pEK. We also determined the dynamics of the M1 pEK, which, slightly later during development, spread up to the field formerly occupied by the posterior transient signaling center. It can be concluded that two rudimentary tooth buds initiate the sequential development of the mouse molars and these have previously been mistaken for early stages of M1 development. Although neither rudiment progresses to form an adult tooth, the posterior one merges with the adjacent M1, which may explain the anterior enlargement of the M1 during mouse family evolution. This study highlights how rudiments of lost structures can stay integrated and participate in morphogenesis of functional organs and help in understanding their evolution, as Darwin suspected long ago.
Collapse
|
33
|
Modulation of Fgf3 dosage in mouse and men mirrors evolution of mammalian dentition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:22364-8. [PMID: 20018768 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0910086106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A central challenge in evolutionary biology is understanding how genetic mutations underlie morphological changes. Because highly calcified enamel enables preservation of detailed dental features, studying tooth morphology enables this question to be addressed in both extinct and extant species. Previous studies have found that mutant mice can have severe abnormalities in tooth morphology, and several authors have explored the evolutionary implications of tooth number modifications in mutants. However, although they can potentially shed much light on evolutionary mechanisms, anomalies in tooth shape remain poorly studied. Here, we report that alterations in dosage of the Fgf3 gene cause morphological changes in both genetically engineered mutant mice and in human patients. By comparing the dental morphologies in mice and humans carrying Fgf3 mutations with primitive rodent and primate fossils, we determined that decreases in dosage of Fgf3 lead to phenotypes that resemble the progressive reappearance of ancestral morphologies. We propose that modifications in the FGF signaling pathway have played an important role in evolution of mammalian dentition by giving rise to new cusps and interconnecting cusps by new crests. We anticipate that our multidisciplinary study will advance the detailed correlation of subtle dental modifications with genetic mutations in a variety of mammalian lineages.
Collapse
|