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Kuruba B, Kaczmarek M, Kęsik-Brodacka M, Fojutowska M, Śliwinska M, Kostyukova AS, Moraczewska J. Structural Effects of Disease-Related Mutations in Actin-Binding Period 3 of Tropomyosin. Molecules 2021; 26:6980. [PMID: 34834072 PMCID: PMC8622905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is an actin-binding coiled-coil protein. In muscle, it regulates contractions in a troponin/Ca2+-dependent manner and controls the thin filament lengths at the pointed end. Due to its size and periodic structure, it is difficult to observe small local structural changes in the coiled coil caused by disease-related mutations. In this study, we designed 97-residue peptides, Tpm1.164-154 and Tpm3.1265-155, focusing on the actin-binding period 3 of two muscle isoforms. Using these peptides, we evaluated the effects of cardiomyopathy mutations: I92T and V95A in Tpm1.1, and congenital myopathy mutations R91P and R91C in Tpm3.12. We introduced a cysteine at the N-terminus of each fragment to promote the formation of the coiled-coil structure by disulfide bonds. Dimerization of the designed peptides was confirmed by gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol. Using circular dichroism, we showed that all mutations decreased coiled coil stability, with Tpm3.1265-155R91P and Tpm1.164-154I92T having the most drastic effects. Our experiments also indicated that adding the N-terminal cysteine increased coiled coil stability demonstrating that our design can serve as an effective tool in studying the coiled-coil fragments of various proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaganesh Kuruba
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (B.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | | | - Magdalena Fojutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Małgorzata Śliwinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; (B.K.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.K.); (M.F.); (M.Ś.)
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Bareja I, Wioland H, Janco M, Nicovich PR, Jégou A, Romet-Lemonne G, Walsh J, Böcking T. Dynamics of Tpm1.8 domains on actin filaments with single-molecule resolution. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2452-2462. [PMID: 32845787 PMCID: PMC7851853 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins regulate the dynamics and functions of the actin cytoskeleton by forming long chains along the two strands of actin filaments that act as gatekeepers for the binding of other actin-binding proteins. The fundamental molecular interactions underlying the binding of tropomyosin to actin are still poorly understood. Using microfluidics and fluorescence microscopy, we observed the binding of the fluorescently labeled tropomyosin isoform Tpm1.8 to unlabeled actin filaments in real time. This approach, in conjunction with mathematical modeling, enabled us to quantify the nucleation, assembly, and disassembly kinetics of Tpm1.8 on single filaments and at the single-molecule level. Our analysis suggests that Tpm1.8 decorates the two strands of the actin filament independently. Nucleation of a growing tropomyosin domain proceeds with high probability as soon as the first Tpm1.8 molecule is stabilized by the addition of a second molecule, ultimately leading to full decoration of the actin filament. In addition, Tpm1.8 domains are asymmetrical, with enhanced dynamics at the edge oriented toward the barbed end of the actin filament. The complete description of Tpm1.8 kinetics on actin filaments presented here provides molecular insight into actin-tropomyosin filament formation and the role of tropomyosins in regulating actin filament dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilina Bareja
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hugo Wioland
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Miro Janco
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip R. Nicovich
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Antoine Jégou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - James Walsh
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Ishii S, Oyama K, Shintani SA, Kobirumaki-Shimozawa F, Ishiwata S, Fukuda N. Thermal Activation of Thin Filaments in Striated Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32372968 PMCID: PMC7179743 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In skeletal and cardiac muscles, contraction is triggered by an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. During Ca2+ transients, Ca2+-binding to troponin C shifts the "on-off" equilibrium of the thin filament state toward the "on" sate, promoting actomyosin interaction. Likewise, recent studies have revealed that the thin filament state is under the influence of temperature; viz., an increase in temperature increases active force production. In this short review, we discuss the effects of temperature on the contractile performance of mammalian striated muscle at/around body temperature, focusing especially on the temperature-dependent shift of the "on-off" equilibrium of the thin filament state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Ishii
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oyama
- Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seine A. Shintani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | | | - Shin’ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Fukuda
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Kopylova GV, Matyushenko AM, Koubassova NA, Shchepkin DV, Bershitsky SY, Levitsky DI, Tsaturyan AK. Functional outcomes of structural peculiarities of striated muscle tropomyosin. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:55-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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The Primary Causes of Muscle Dysfunction Associated with the Point Mutations in Tpm3.12; Conformational Analysis of Mutant Proteins as a Tool for Classification of Myopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123975. [PMID: 30544720 PMCID: PMC6321504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Point mutations in genes encoding isoforms of skeletal muscle tropomyosin may cause nemaline myopathy, cap myopathy (Cap), congenital fiber-type disproportion (CFTD), and distal arthrogryposis. The molecular mechanisms of muscle dysfunction in these diseases remain unclear. We studied the effect of the E173A, R90P, E150A, and A155T myopathy-causing substitutions in γ-tropomyosin (Tpm3.12) on the position of tropomyosin in thin filaments, and the conformational state of actin monomers and myosin heads at different stages of the ATPase cycle using polarized fluorescence microscopy. The E173A, R90P, and E150A mutations produced abnormally large displacement of tropomyosin to the inner domains of actin and an increase in the number of myosin heads in strong-binding state at low and high Ca2+, which is characteristic of CFTD. On the contrary, the A155T mutation caused a decrease in the amount of such heads at high Ca2+ which is typical for mutations associated with Cap. An increase in the number of the myosin heads in strong-binding state at low Ca2+ was observed for all mutations associated with high Ca2+-sensitivity. Comparison between the typical conformational changes in mutant proteins associated with different myopathies observed with α-, β-, and γ-tropomyosins demonstrated the possibility of using such changes as tests for identifying the diseases.
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Matyushenko AM, Kleymenov SY, Susorov DS, Levitsky DI. Thermal unfolding of homodimers and heterodimers of different skeletal-muscle isoforms of tropomyosin. Biophys Chem 2018; 243:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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7
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Matyushenko AM, Shchepkin DV, Kopylova GV, Bershitsky SY, Koubassova NA, Tsaturyan AK, Levitsky DI. Functional role of the core gap in the middle part of tropomyosin. FEBS J 2018; 285:871-886. [PMID: 29278453 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) is an α-helical coiled-coil actin-binding protein playing an essential role in the regulation of muscle contraction. The middle part of the Tpm molecule has some specific features, such as the presence of noncanonical residues as well as a substantial gap at the interhelical interface, which are believed to destabilize a coiled-coil and impart structural flexibility to this part of the molecule. To study how the gap affects structural and functional properties of α-striated Tpm (the Tpm1.1 isoform that is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles) we replaced large conserved apolar core residues located at both sides of the gap with smaller ones by mutations M127A/I130A and M141A/Q144A. We found that in contrast with the stabilizing substitutions D137L and G126R studied earlier, these substitutions have no appreciable influence on thermal unfolding and domain structure of the Tpm molecule. They also do not affect actin-binding properties of Tpm. However, they strongly increase sliding velocity of regulated actin filaments in an in vitro motility assay and cause an oversensitivity of the velocity to Ca2+ similar to the stabilizing substitutions D137L and G126R. Molecular dynamics shows that the substitutions studied here increase bending stiffness of the coiled-coil structure of Tpm, like that of G126R/D137L, probably due to closure of the interhelical gap in the area of the substitutions. Our results clearly indicate that the conserved middle part of Tpm is important for the fine tuning of the Ca2+ regulation of actin-myosin interaction in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Matyushenko
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil V Shchepkin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Galina V Kopylova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Y Bershitsky
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia
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8
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Ozawa H, Koyama M, Ishizaki S, Ochiai Y. Effect of Boiling on the Elution of the Major Allergen Tropomyosin from Shrimp and Squid Muscles. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Ozawa
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Maiko Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
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Khaitlina SY. Tropomyosin as a Regulator of Actin Dynamics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 318:255-91. [PMID: 26315888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is a major regulatory protein of contractile systems and cytoskeleton, an actin-binding protein that positions laterally along actin filaments and modulates actin-myosin interaction. About 40 tropomyosin isoforms have been found in a variety of cytoskeleton systems, not necessarily connected with actin-myosin interaction and contraction. Involvement of specific tropomyosin isoforms in the regulation of key cell processes was shown, and specific features of tropomyosin genes and protein structure have been investigated with molecular biology and genetics approaches. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of tropomyosin on cytoskeleton dynamics are still unclear. As tropomyosin is primarily an F-actin-binding protein, it is important to understand how it interacts both with actin and actin-binding proteins functioning in muscles and cytoskeleton to regulate actin dynamics. This review focuses on biochemical data on the effects of tropomyosin on actin assembly and dynamics, as well as on the modulation of these effects by actin-binding proteins. The data indicate that tropomyosin can efficiently regulate actin dynamics via allosteric conformational changes within actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Yu Khaitlina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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10
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Borovikov YS, Avrova SV, Rysev NA, Sirenko VV, Simonyan AO, Chernev AA, Karpicheva OE, Piers A, Redwood CS. Aberrant movement of β-tropomyosin associated with congenital myopathy causes defective response of myosin heads and actin during the ATPase cycle. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:11-23. [PMID: 25978979 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of the E41K, R91G, and E139del β-tropomyosin (TM) mutations that cause congenital myopathy on the position of TM and orientation of actin monomers and myosin heads at different mimicked stages of the ATPase cycle in troponin-free ghost muscle fibers by polarized fluorimetry. A multi-step shifting of wild-type TM to the filament center accompanied by an increase in the amount of switched on actin monomers and the strongly bound myosin heads was observed during the ATPase cycle. The R91G mutation shifts TM further towards the inner and outer domains of actin at the strong- and weak-binding stages, respectively. The E139del mutation retains TM near the inner domains, while the E41K mutation captures it near the outer domains. The E41K and R91G mutations can induce the strong binding of myosin heads to actin, when TM is located near the outer domains. The E139del mutation inhibits the amount of strongly bound myosin heads throughout the ATPase cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii S Borovikov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
| | - Stanislava V Avrova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Nikita A Rysev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Sirenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Armen O Simonyan
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Chernev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Olga E Karpicheva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Adam Piers
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Redwood
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Matyushenko AM, Artemova NV, Sluchanko NN, Levitsky DI. Effects of two stabilizing substitutions, D137L and G126R, in the middle part of α-tropomyosin on the domain structure of its molecule. Biophys Chem 2015; 196:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Instability in the central region of tropomyosin modulates the function of its overlapping ends. Biophys J 2014; 105:2104-13. [PMID: 24209855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The causal link between disparate tropomyosin (Tm) functions and the structural instability in Tm is unknown. To test the hypothesis that the structural instability in the central region of Tm modulates the function of the overlapping ends of contiguous Tm dimers, we used transgenic mice (Tm(DM)) that expressed a mutant α-Tm in the heart; S229E and H276N substitutions induce structural instability in the central region and the overlapping ends of Tm, respectively. In addition, two mouse cardiac troponin T mutants (TnT(1-44Δ) and TnT(45-74Δ)) that have a divergent effect on the overlapping ends of Tm were employed. The S229E-induced instability in the central region of Tm(DM) altered the overlapping ends of Tm(DM), thereby it negated the attenuating effect of H276N on Ca(2+)-activated maximal tension. The rate of cross-bridge detachment (g) decreased in Tm(DM)+TnT(WT) and Tm(H276N)+TnT(WT) fibers but increased in Tm(DM)+TnT(45-74Δ) fibers; however, TnT(45-74Δ) did not alter g, demonstrating that S229E in Tm(DM) had divergent effects on g. The S229E substitution in Tm(DM) ablated the H276N-induced desensitization of myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in Tm(DM)+TnT(1-44Δ) fibers. To our knowledge, novel findings from this study show that the structural instability in the central region of Tm modifies cardiac contractile function via its effect on the overlapping ends of contiguous Tm.
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Rysev NA, Nevzorov IA, Avrova SV, Karpicheva OE, Redwood CS, Levitsky DI, Borovikov YS. Gly126Arg substitution causes anomalous behaviour of α-skeletal and β-smooth tropomyosins during the ATPase cycle. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 543:57-66. [PMID: 24374033 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate how TM stabilization induced by the Gly126Arg mutation in skeletal α-TM or in smooth muscle β-TM affects the flexibility of TMs and their position on troponin-free thin filaments, we labelled the recombinant wild type and mutant TMs with 5-IAF and F-actin with FITC-phalloidin, incorporated them into ghost muscle fibres and studied polarized fluorescence at different stages of the ATPase cycle. It has been shown that in the myosin- and troponin-free filaments the Gly126Arg mutation causes a shift of TM strands towards the outer domain of actin, reduces the number of switched on actin monomers and decreases the rigidity of the C-terminus of α-TM and increases the rigidity of the N-terminus of β-TMs. The binding of myosin subfragment-1 to the filaments shifted the wild type TMs towards the inner domain of actin, decreased the flexibility of both terminal parts of TMs, and increased the number of switched on actin monomers. Multistep alterations in the position of α- and β-TMs and actin monomers in the filaments and in the flexibility of TMs and F-actin during the ATPase cycle were observed. The Gly126Arg mutation uncouples a correlation between the position of TM and the number of the switched on actin monomers in the filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Rysev
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Motility, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Ilya A Nevzorov
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stanislava V Avrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Motility, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Olga E Karpicheva
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Motility, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Charles S Redwood
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Dmitrii I Levitsky
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Yurii S Borovikov
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Cell Motility, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia.
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14
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Barua B. Periodicities designed in the tropomyosin sequence and structure define its functions. BIOARCHITECTURE 2013; 3:51-6. [PMID: 23887197 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.25616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is an actin binding protein that regulates actin filament dynamics and its interactions with actin binding proteins such as myosin, tropomodulin, formin, Arp2/3 and ADF-cofilin in most eukaryotic cells. Tropomyosin is the prototypical two-chained, α-helical coiled coil protein that associates end-to-end and binds to both sides of the actin filament. Each tropomyosin molecule spans four to seven actin monomers in the filament, depending on the size of the tropomyosin. Tropomyosins have a periodic heptad repeat sequence that is characteristic of coiled coil proteins as well as additional periodicities required for its interaction with the actin filament, where each periodic repeat interacts with one actin molecule. This review addresses the role of periodic features of the Tm molecule in carrying out its universal functions of binding to the actin filament and its regulation and the specific features that may determine the isoform specificity of tropomyosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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15
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Barua B, Fagnant PM, Winkelmann DA, Trybus KM, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE. A periodic pattern of evolutionarily conserved basic and acidic residues constitutes the binding interface of actin-tropomyosin. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9602-9609. [PMID: 23420843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.451161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin filament cytoskeletal and muscle functions are regulated by actin binding proteins using a variety of mechanisms. A universal actin filament regulator is the protein tropomyosin, which binds end-to-end along the length of the filament. The actin-tropomyosin filament structure is unknown, but there are atomic models in different regulatory states based on electron microscopy reconstructions, computational modeling of actin-tropomyosin, and docking of atomic resolution structures of tropomyosin to actin filament models. Here, we have tested models of the actin-tropomyosin interface in the "closed state" where tropomyosin binds to actin in the absence of myosin or troponin. Using mutagenesis coupled with functional analyses, we determined residues of actin and tropomyosin required for complex formation. The sites of mutations in tropomyosin were based on an evolutionary analysis and revealed a pattern of basic and acidic residues in the first halves of the periodic repeats (periods) in tropomyosin. In periods P1, P4, and P6, basic residues are most important for actin affinity, in contrast to periods P2, P3, P5, and P7, where both basic and acidic residues or predominantly acidic residues contribute to actin affinity. Hydrophobic interactions were found to be relatively less important for actin binding. We mutated actin residues in subdomains 1 and 3 (Asp(25)-Glu(334)-Lys(326)-Lys(328)) that are poised to make electrostatic interactions with the residues in the repeating motif on tropomyosin in the models. Tropomyosin failed to bind mutant actin filaments. Our mutagenesis studies provide the first experimental support for the atomic models of the actin-tropomyosin interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Barua
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854.
| | - Patricia M Fagnant
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Donald A Winkelmann
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405
| | - Sarah E Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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Brown JH. Deriving how far structural information is transmitted through parallel homodimeric coiled-coils: a correlation analysis of helical staggers. Proteins 2013. [PMID: 23180639 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
How local conformation is affected by local sequence is fairly well understood for alpha-helical coiled-coils, but less is known about how local conformation is influenced by distant features. Here, I describe an approach to detect such an effect, based on computing correlation coefficients of local out-of-register alignments, or so-called "staggers" between the helices, as a function of the axial distance between the staggers. This approach requires parallel homodimers, in which each stagger can occur with two "signs," where either one helix or the other is shifted towards the N terminus. The signs of such staggers separated by up to 12 residues are strongly correlated, indicating that the conformations of the ends of coiled-coils are commonly influenced by attached structures. Thus, the structures of coiled-coil residues aberrantly attached to alternative proteins, such as those resulting from leukemogenic chromosomal rearrangements, may be distinguishable from those in normal tissues, and in turn serve as targets of selective drug design. The signs of helical staggers separated by between 13 and 30 residues are moderately yet significantly correlated, indicating that some of the coiled-coils transmit this conformational feature axially for at least 45 Å. A positive, albeit noisy, correlation also exists among tropomyosin coiled-coils for signed staggers separated by the 40-residue actin repeat distance, consistent with the semi-flexible tropomyosin filament binding F-actin and regulating skeletal muscle contraction in a partially cooperative manner. Communication of the signs of axial staggers is explained in part by minimization of main-chain hydrogen bond deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry H Brown
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA.
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Abnormal actin binding of aberrant β-tropomyosins is a molecular cause of muscle weakness in TPM2-related nemaline and cap myopathy. Biochem J 2012; 442:231-9. [PMID: 22084935 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NM (nemaline myopathy) is a rare genetic muscle disorder defined on the basis of muscle weakness and the presence of structural abnormalities in the muscle fibres, i.e. nemaline bodies. The related disorder cap myopathy is defined by cap-like structures located peripherally in the muscle fibres. Both disorders may be caused by mutations in the TPM2 gene encoding β-Tm (tropomyosin). Tm controls muscle contraction by inhibiting actin-myosin interaction in a calcium-sensitive manner. In the present study, we have investigated the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying five disease-causing mutations in Tm. We show that four of the mutations cause changes in affinity for actin, which may cause muscle weakness in these patients, whereas two show defective Ca2+ activation of contractility. We have also mapped the amino acids altered by the mutation to regions important for actin binding and note that two of the mutations cause altered protein conformation, which could account for impaired actin affinity.
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Oguchi Y, Ishizuka J, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE, Ishiwata S, Kawai M. The role of tropomyosin domains in cooperative activation of the actin-myosin interaction. J Mol Biol 2011; 414:667-80. [PMID: 22041451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To establish α-tropomyosin (Tm)'s structure-function relationships in cooperative regulation of muscle contraction, thin filaments were reconstituted with a variety of Tm mutants (Δ2Tm, Δ3Tm, Δ6Tm, P2sTm, P3sTm, P2P3sTm, P1P5Tm, and wtTm), and force and sliding velocity of the thin filament were studied using an in vitro motility assay. In the case of deletion mutants, Δ indicates which of the quasi-equivalent repeats in Tm was deleted. In the case of period (P) mutants, an Ala cluster was introduced into the indicated period to strengthen the Tm-actin interaction. In P1P5Tm, the N-terminal half of period 5 was substituted with that of period 1 to test the quasi-equivalence of these two Tm periods. The reconstitution included bovine cardiac troponin. Deletion studies revealed that period 3 is important for the positive cooperative effect of Tm on actin filament regulation and that period 2 also contributes to this effect at low ionic strength, but to a lesser degree. Furthermore, Tm with one extra Ala cluster at period 2 (P2s) or period 3 (P3s) did not increase force or velocity, whereas Tm with two extra Ala clusters (P2P3s) increased both force and velocity, demonstrating interaction between these periods. Most mutants did not move in the absence of Ca(2+). Notable exceptions were Δ6Tm and P1P5Tm, which moved near at the full velocity, but with reduced force, which indicate impaired relaxation. These results are consistent with the mechanism that the Tm-actin interaction cooperatively affects actin to result in generation of greater force and velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Oguchi
- Department of Physics, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Bains G, Patel AB, Narayanaswami V. Pyrene: a probe to study protein conformation and conformational changes. Molecules 2011; 16:7909-35. [PMID: 22143550 PMCID: PMC6264589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16097909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The review focuses on the unique spectral features of pyrene that can be utilized to investigate protein structure and conformation. Pyrene is a fluorescent probe that can be attached covalently to protein side chains, such as sulfhydryl groups. The spectral features of pyrene are exquisitely sensitive to the microenvironment of the probe: it exhibits an ensemble of monomer fluorescence emission peaks that report on the polarity of the probe microenvironment, and an additional band at longer wavelengths, the appearance of which reflects the presence of another pyrene molecule in spatial proximity (~10 Å). Its high extinction coefficient allows us to study labeled proteins in solution at physiologically relevant concentrations. The environmentally- and spatially-sensitive features of pyrene allow monitoring protein conformation, conformational changes, protein folding and unfolding, protein-protein, protein-lipid and protein-membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gursharan Bains
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Arti B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-562-985-4953; Fax: +1-562-985-8557
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Evolutionarily conserved surface residues constitute actin binding sites of tropomyosin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:10150-5. [PMID: 21642532 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101221108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tm) is a two-chained, α-helical coiled-coil protein that associates end-to-end to form a continuous strand along actin filaments and regulates the functions and stability of actin in eukaryotic muscle and nonmuscle cells. Mutations in Tm cause skeletal and cardiac myopathies. We applied a neoteric molecular evolution approach to gain insight into the fundamental unresolved question of what makes the Tm coiled coil an actin binding protein. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of 70 coding sequences of Tm genes from 26 animal species, from cnidarians to chordates, and evaluated the substitution rates (ω) at individual codons to identify conserved sites. The most conserved residues at surface b, c, f heptad repeat positions were mutated in rat striated muscle αTm and expressed in Escherichia coli. Each mutant had 3-4 sites mutated to Ala within the first half or the second half of periods 2-6. Actin affinity and thermodynamic stability were determined in vitro. Mutations in the first half of periods 2, 4, and 5 resulted in the largest reduction in actin affinity (> 4-fold), indicating these mutations include residues in actin-binding sites. Mutations in the second half of the periods had a ≤ 2-fold effect on affinity indicating these residues may be involved in other conserved regulatory functions. The structural relevance of these results was assessed by constructing molecular models for the actin-Tm filament. Molecular evolution analysis is a general approach that may be used to identify potential binding sites of a protein for a conserved protein.
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Śliwińska M, Żukowska M, Borys D, Moraczewska J. Different positions of tropomyosin isoforms on actin filament are determined by specific sequences of end-to-end overlaps. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:300-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.20513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Wang CLA, Coluccio LM. New insights into the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by tropomyosin. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 281:91-128. [PMID: 20460184 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(10)81003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is regulated by a variety of actin-binding proteins including those constituting the tropomyosin family. Tropomyosins are coiled-coil dimers that bind along the length of actin filaments. In muscles, tropomyosin regulates the interaction of actin-containing thin filaments with myosin-containing thick filaments to allow contraction. In nonmuscle cells where multiple tropomyosin isoforms are expressed, tropomyosins participate in a number of cellular events involving the cytoskeleton. This chapter reviews the current state of the literature regarding tropomyosin structure and function and discusses the evidence that tropomyosins play a role in regulating actin assembly.
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Hitchcock-DeGregori SE, Singh A. What makes tropomyosin an actin binding protein? A perspective. J Struct Biol 2009; 170:319-24. [PMID: 20036744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin is a two-chained alpha-helical coiled coil that binds along the length of the actin filament and regulates its function. The paper addresses the question of how a "simple" coiled-coil sequence encodes the information for binding and regulating the actin filament, its universal target. Determination of the tropomyosin sequence confirmed Crick's predicted heptapeptide repeat of hydrophobic interface residues and revealed additional features that have been shown to be important for its function: a 7-fold periodicity predicted to correspond to actin binding sites and interruptions of the canonical interface with destabilizing residues, such as Ala. Evidence from published work is summarized, leading to the proposal of a paradigm that binding of tropomyosin to the actin filament requires local instability as well as regions of flexibility. The flexibility derives from bends and local unfolding at regions with a destabilized coiled-coil interface, as well as from the dynamic end-to-end complex. The features are required for tropomyosin to assume the form of the helical actin filament, and to bind to actin monomers along its length. The requirement of instability/flexibility for binding may be generalized to the binding of other coiled coils to their targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hitchcock-DeGregori
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Jagatheesan G, Rajan S, Wieczorek DF. Investigations into tropomyosin function using mouse models. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:893-8. [PMID: 19835881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tropomyosin plays a key role in controlling calcium regulated sarcomeric contraction through its interactions with actin and the troponin complex. The focus of this review is on striated muscle tropomyosin isoforms and the in vivo approach we have taken to define the functional differences among these isoforms in regulating cardiac physiology. In addition, we address specific regions within tropomyosin that differ among the isoforms to impart differences in the physiological performance of muscle and the sarcomere itself. There is a high degree of amino acid identity among the three striated muscle alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tropomyosin isoforms; this identity ranges from 86% to 91%. We employ transgenic mouse model systems that express the different tropomyosin isoforms or chimeric tropomyosin molecules specifically in the myocardium. Results show that the three isoforms differentially regulate the rates of cardiac contraction and relaxation, along with conferring differences in myofilament calcium sensitivity and sarcomere tension development. We also found the putative troponin T binding regions of tropomyosin (amino acids 175-190 and 258-284) appear to a play significant role in imparting these physiological differences that are observed during cardiac and sarcomeric contraction/relaxation. In addition, we have successfully used chimeric tropomyosin molecules to rescue cardiomyopathic diseased mice by normalizing sarcomeric performance. These studies illustrate not only the importance of tropomyosin structure and function for understanding muscle physiology, but also demonstrate how this information can potentially be used for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Jagatheesan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, USA
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