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Larenas-Muñoz F, Hamed MG, Ruedas-Torres I, María Sánchez-Carvajal J, Domínguez J, José Pallarés F, Carrasco L, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. Macrophage polarization in lymph node granulomas from cattle and pigs naturally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:792-802. [PMID: 38425277 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis in animals is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), with the tuberculous granuloma being the main characteristic lesion. The macrophage is the main cell type involved in the development of the granuloma and presents a wide plasticity ranging from polarization to classically activated or pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) or to alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2). Thus, this study aimed to analyze macrophage polarization in granulomas from cattle and pig lymph nodes naturally infected with MTC. Tuberculous granulomas were microscopically categorized into four stages and a panel of myeloid cells (CD172a/calprotectin), M1 macrophage polarization (iNOS/CD68/CD107a), and M2 macrophage polarization (Arg1/CD163) markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. CD172a and calprotectin followed the same kinetics, having greater expression in late-stage granulomas in pigs. iNOS and CD68 had higher expression in cattle compared with pigs, and the expression was higher in early-stage granulomas. CD107a immunolabeling was only observed in porcine granulomas, with a higher expression in stage I granulomas. Arg1+ cells were significantly higher in pigs than in cattle, particularly in late-stage granulomas. Quantitative analysis of CD163+ cells showed similar kinetics in both species with a consistent frequency of immunolabeled cells throughout the different stages of the granuloma. Our results indicate that M1 macrophage polarization prevails in cattle during early-stage granulomas (stages I and II), whereas M2 phenotype is observed in later stages. Contrary, and mainly due to the expression of Arg1, M2 macrophage polarization is predominant in pigs in all granuloma stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Larenas-Muñoz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mohamed G Hamed
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sohag, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene M Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, International Excellence Agrifood Campus 'CeiA3', Córdoba, Spain
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Wang D, Lin Y, Xu F, Zhang H, Zhu X, Liu Z, Hu Y, Dong G, Sun B, Yu Y, Ma G, Tang Z, Legarda D, Ting A, Liu Y, Hou J, Dong L, Xiong H. SIRPα maintains macrophage homeostasis by interacting with PTK2B kinase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and through autophagy and necroptosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 85:104278. [PMID: 36202053 PMCID: PMC9535427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine whether SIRPα can be a diagnostic marker of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the molecular mechanism of SIRPα regulating macrophages to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Methods Meta-analysis combined with subsequent qRT-PCR, western-blotting and flow cytometry assay were used to detect SIRPα expression in PTB patients. Cell-based assays were used to explore the regulation of macrophage function by SIRPα. SIRPα−/- and wide type macrophages transplanted C57BL/6J mice were used to determine the function of SIRPα on MTB infection in vivo. Findings SIRPα levels are closely correlated with the treatment outcomes among PTB patients. Cell-based assay demonstrated that MTB significantly induces the expression of SIRPα on macrophages. SIRPα deficiency enhances the killing ability of macrophages against MTB through processes that involve enhanced autophagy and reduced necroptosis of macrophages. Mechanistically, SIRPα forms a direct interaction with PTK2B through its intracellular C-terminal domain, thus inhibiting PTK2B activation in macrophages. Necroptosis inhibition due to SIRPα deficiency requires PTK2B activity. The transfer of SIRPα-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) into wild type mice resulted in a drop of bacterial load in the lungs but an enhancement of inflammatory lung damage, and the combination of ulinastatin and SIRPα−/−→WT treatment could decrease the inflammation and maintain the bactericidal capacity. Interpretation Our data define SIRPα a novel biomarker for tuberculosis infection and underlying mechanisms for maintaining macrophage homeostasis. Funding This work was financially supported by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation project (No.81401635). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China,Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, America,The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunkai Lin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, America
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, America
| | - Guanjun Dong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong, China
| | - Bingqi Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenyang Thoracic Hospital, Shenyang Liaoning, China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Liaoning, China
| | - Guoren Ma
- Ningxia No. 4 People's Hospital, Yinchuan Ningxia, China
| | | | - Diana Legarda
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, America
| | - Adrian Ting
- Department of Medicine, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, America
| | - Yuan Liu
- Program of Immunology and Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Center for Diagnostics & Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, America
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan Ningxia, China.
| | - Liwei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China,Corresponding author at: International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong, China,Corresponding author at: Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining Shandong, China.
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Palmer MV, Kanipe C, Boggiatto PM. The Bovine Tuberculoid Granuloma. Pathogens 2022; 11:61. [PMID: 35056009 PMCID: PMC8780557 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine tuberculoid granuloma is the hallmark lesion of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) due to Mycobacterium bovis infection. The pathogenesis of bTB, and thereby the process of bovine tuberculoid granuloma development, involves the recruitment, activation, and maintenance of cells under the influence of antigen, cytokines and chemokines in affected lungs and regional lymph nodes. The granuloma is key to successful control of bTB by preventing pathogen dissemination through containment by cellular and fibrotic layers. Paradoxically, however, it may also provide a niche for bacterial replication. The morphologic and cellular characteristics of granulomas have been used to gauge disease severity in bTB pathogenesis and vaccine efficacy studies. As such, it is critical to understand the complex mechanisms behind granuloma initiation, development, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell V. Palmer
- Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA; (C.K.); (P.M.B.)
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Hua J, Wu P, Gan L, Zhang Z, He J, Zhong L, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Current Strategies for Tumor Photodynamic Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738323. [PMID: 34868932 PMCID: PMC8635494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a low invasive antitumor therapy with fewer side effects. On the other hand, immunotherapy also has significant clinical applications in the treatment of cancer. Both therapies, on their own, have some limitations and are incapable of meeting the demands of the current cancer treatment. The efficacy of PDT and immunotherapy against tumor metastasis and tumor recurrence may be improved by combination strategies. In this review, we discussed the possibility that PDT could be used to activate immune responses by inducing immunogenic cell death or generating cancer vaccines. Furthermore, we explored the latest advances in PDT antitumor therapy in combination with some immunotherapy such as immune adjuvants, inhibitors of immune suppression, and immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Hua
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Pan Wu
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, China
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Lyashchenko KP, Vordermeier HM, Waters WR. Memory B cells and tuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110016. [PMID: 32050091 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a central feature of adaptive immunity. Memory B cells are generated upon stimulation with antigen presented by follicular dendritic cells in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. This process typically involves class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation and it can be dependent or independent on germinal centers or T cell help. The mature B cell memory pool is generally characterized by remarkable heterogeneity of functionally and phenotypically distinct sub-populations supporting multi-layer immune plasticity. Memory B cells found in human patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis include IgD+ CD27+ and IgM+ CD27+ subsets. In addition, expansion of atypical memory B cells characterized by the lack of CD27 expression and by inability to respond to antigen-induced re-activation is documented in human tuberculosis. These functionally impaired memory B cells are believed to have adverse effects on host immunity. Human and animal studies demonstrate recruitment of antigen-activated B cells to the infection sites and their presence in lung granulomas where proliferating B cells are organized into discrete clusters resembling germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. Cattle studies show development of IgM+, IgG+, and IgA+ memory B cells in M. bovis infection with the ability to rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells upon antigen re-exposure. This review discusses recent advances in research on generation, re-activation, heterogeneity, and immunobiological functions of memory B cells in tuberculosis. The role of memory B cells in post-skin test recall antibody responses in bovine tuberculosis and implications for development of improved immunodiagnostics are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Martin Vordermeier
- Tuberculosis Research Group, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom; Institute for Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - W Ray Waters
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
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Lesellier S. Immunological responses of European badgers (Meles Meles) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 61:9-15. [PMID: 30502833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is the main cause of bovine tuberculosis and its eradication is proving difficult in many countries because of wildlife reservoirs, including European badgers (Meles meles) in the UK Ireland. Following the development of badger specific immunological reagents, many studies have shown that some aspects of the cellular and serological immune responses of badgers to virulent M. bovis and the attenuated M. bovis BCG (Bacille of Calmette and Guérin) strain are similar to those seen in other animal hosts infected with M. bovis. However, badgers also appear to have developed specific immunological responses to M. bovis infection which may be associated with mild inflammatory responses. Badgers may therefore represent an interesting natural host for M. bovis that can provide a more thorough understanding of efficient immunological responses to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lesellier
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate Mycobacterium tuberculosis–induced CD44 surface expression in monocytes. J Biosci 2012; 37:41-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-011-9179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tuberculosis immunity: opportunities from studies with cattle. Clin Dev Immunol 2010; 2011:768542. [PMID: 21197095 PMCID: PMC3004413 DOI: 10.1155/2011/768542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis share >99% genetic identity and induce similar host responses and disease profiles upon infection. There is a rich history of codiscovery in the development of control measures applicable to both human and bovine tuberculosis (TB) including skin-testing procedures, M. bovis BCG vaccination, and interferon-γ release assays. The calf TB infection model offers several opportunities to further our understanding of TB immunopathogenesis. Recent observations include correlation of central memory immune responses with TB vaccine efficacy, association of SIRPα+ cells in ESAT-6:CFP10-elicited multinucleate giant cell formation, early γδ T cell responses to TB, antimycobacterial activity of memory CD4+ T cells via granulysin production, association of specific antibody with antigen burden, and suppression of innate immune gene expression in infected animals. Partnerships teaming researchers with veterinary and medical perspectives will continue to provide mutual benefit to TB research in man and animals.
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