1
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Diaz JEL, Barcessat V, Bahamon C, Hecht C, Das TK, Cagan RL. Functional exploration of copy number alterations in a Drosophila model of triple-negative breast cancer. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050191. [PMID: 38721669 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Accounting for 10-20% of breast cancer cases, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with a disproportionate number of breast cancer deaths. One challenge in studying TNBC is its genomic profile: with the exception of TP53 loss, most breast cancer tumors are characterized by a high number of copy number alterations (CNAs), making modeling the disease in whole animals challenging. We computationally analyzed 186 CNA regions previously identified in breast cancer tumors to rank genes within each region by likelihood of acting as a tumor driver. We then used a Drosophila p53-Myc TNBC model to identify 48 genes as functional drivers. To demonstrate the utility of this functional database, we established six 3-hit models; altering candidate genes led to increased aspects of transformation as well as resistance to the chemotherapeutic drug fluorouracil. Our work provides a functional database of CNA-associated TNBC drivers, and a template for an integrated computational/whole-animal approach to identify functional drivers of transformation and drug resistance within CNAs in other tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E L Diaz
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Internal Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vanessa Barcessat
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian Bahamon
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chana Hecht
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tirtha K Das
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ross L Cagan
- Department of Cell, Development, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- School of Cancer Sciences and Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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2
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Williams I, DeHart H, O'Malley M, Walker B, Ulhaskumar V, Ray H, Delaney JR, Nephew KP, Carpenter RL. MYC and HSF1 Cooperate to Drive PLK1 inhibitor Sensitivity in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598486. [PMID: 38915574 PMCID: PMC11195273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a deadly female cancer with high rates of recurrence. The primary treatment strategy for patients is platinum-based therapy regimens that almost universally develop resistance. Consequently, new therapeutic avenues are needed to overcome the plateau that current therapies have on patient outcomes. We describe a gene amplification involving both HSF1 and MYC, wherein these two genes on chromosome 8q are co-amplified in over 7% of human tumors that is enriched to over 30% of patients with ovarian cancer. We further found that HSF1 and MYC transcriptional activity is correlated in human tumors and ovarian cancer cell lines, suggesting they may cooperate in ovarian cancer cells. CUT&RUN for HSF1 and MYC in co-amplified ovarian cancer cells revealed that HSF1 and MYC have overlapping binding at a substantial number of locations throughout the genome where their binding peaks are near identical. Consistent with these data, a protein-protein interaction between HSF1 and MYC was detected in ovarian cancer cells, implying these two transcription factors have a molecular cooperation. Further supporting their cooperation, growth of HSF1-MYC co-amplified ovarian cancer cells were found to be dependent on both HSF1 and MYC. In an attempt to identify a therapeutic target that could take advantage of this dependency on both HSF1 and MYC, PLK1 was identified as being correlated with HSF1 and MYC in primary human tumor specimens, consistent with a previously established effect of PLK1 on HSF1 and MYC protein levels. Targeting PLK1 with the compound volasertib (BI-6727) revealed a greater than 200-fold increased potency of volasertib in HSF1-MYC co-amplified ovarian cancer cells compared to ovarian cancer cells wild-type HSF1 and MYC copy number, which extended to several growth assays, including spheroid growth. Volasertib, and other PLK1 inhibitors, have not shown great success in clinical trials and this study suggests that targeting PLK1 may be viable in a precision medicine approach using HSF1-MYC co-amplification as a biomarker for response.
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3
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Ohara Y, Tang W, Liu H, Yang S, Dorsey TH, Cawley H, Moreno P, Chari R, Guest MR, Azizian A, Gaedcke J, Ghadimi M, Hanna N, Ambs S, Hussain SP. SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype and enhances disease progression in pancreatic cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113434. [PMID: 37980563 PMCID: PMC10842852 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) exhibits distinct molecular subtypes: classical/progenitor and basal-like/squamous. Our study aimed to identify genes contributing to the development of the basal-like/squamous subtype, known for its aggressiveness. Transcriptome analyses revealed consistent upregulation of SERPINB3 in basal-like/squamous PDAC, correlating with reduced patient survival. SERPINB3 transgene expression in PDAC cells enhanced in vitro invasion and promoted lung metastasis in a mouse PDAC xenograft model. Metabolome analyses unveiled a metabolic signature linked to both SERPINB3 and the basal-like/squamous subtype, characterized by heightened carnitine/acylcarnitine and amino acid metabolism, associated with poor prognosis in patients with PDAC and elevated cellular invasiveness. Further analysis uncovered that SERPINB3 inhibited the cysteine protease calpain, a key enzyme in the MYC degradation pathway, and drove basal-like/squamous subtype and associated metabolic reprogramming through MYC activation. Our findings indicate that the SERPINB3-MYC axis induces the basal-like/squamous subtype, proposing SERPINB3 as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ohara
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Huaitian Liu
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shouhui Yang
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Helen Cawley
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paloma Moreno
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Mary R Guest
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Azadeh Azizian
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nader Hanna
- Division of General & Oncologic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Perwez Hussain
- Pancreatic Cancer Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Knutsen E, Das Sajib S, Fiskaa T, Lorens J, Gudjonsson T, Mælandsmo GM, Johansen SD, Seternes OM, Perander M. Identification of a core EMT signature that separates basal-like breast cancers into partial- and post-EMT subtypes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1249895. [PMID: 38111531 PMCID: PMC10726128 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1249895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular plasticity program critical for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, and aberrant EMT is associated with disease including cancer. The high degree of plasticity in the mammary epithelium is reflected in extensive heterogeneity among breast cancers. Here, we have analyzed RNA-sequencing data from three different mammary epithelial cell line-derived EMT models and identified a robust mammary EMT gene expression signature that separates breast cancers into distinct subgroups. Most strikingly, the basal-like breast cancers form two subgroups displaying partial-EMT and post-EMT gene expression patterns. We present evidence that key EMT-associated transcription factors play distinct roles at different stages of EMT in mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Saikat Das Sajib
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tonje Fiskaa
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - James Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Hematology, Landspitali, University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunhild M. Mælandsmo
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Daae Johansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Genomics Division, Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Ole-Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Perander
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Kreuzaler P, Inglese P, Ghanate A, Gjelaj E, Wu V, Panina Y, Mendez-Lucas A, MacLachlan C, Patani N, Hubert CB, Huang H, Greenidge G, Rueda OM, Taylor AJ, Karali E, Kazanc E, Spicer A, Dexter A, Lin W, Thompson D, Silva Dos Santos M, Calvani E, Legrave N, Ellis JK, Greenwood W, Green M, Nye E, Still E, Barry S, Goodwin RJA, Bruna A, Caldas C, MacRae J, de Carvalho LPS, Poulogiannis G, McMahon G, Takats Z, Bunch J, Yuneva M. Vitamin B 5 supports MYC oncogenic metabolism and tumor progression in breast cancer. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1870-1886. [PMID: 37946084 PMCID: PMC10663155 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are intrinsically heterogeneous and it is well established that this directs their evolution, hinders their classification and frustrates therapy1-3. Consequently, spatially resolved omics-level analyses are gaining traction4-9. Despite considerable therapeutic interest, tumor metabolism has been lagging behind this development and there is a paucity of data regarding its spatial organization. To address this shortcoming, we set out to study the local metabolic effects of the oncogene c-MYC, a pleiotropic transcription factor that accumulates with tumor progression and influences metabolism10,11. Through correlative mass spectrometry imaging, we show that pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) associates with MYC-high areas within both human and murine mammary tumors, where its conversion to coenzyme A fuels Krebs cycle activity. Mechanistically, we show that this is accomplished by MYC-mediated upregulation of its multivitamin transporter SLC5A6. Notably, we show that SLC5A6 over-expression alone can induce increased cell growth and a shift toward biosynthesis, whereas conversely, dietary restriction of pantothenic acid leads to a reversal of many MYC-mediated metabolic changes and results in hampered tumor growth. Our work thus establishes the availability of vitamins and cofactors as a potential bottleneck in tumor progression, which can be exploited therapeutically. Overall, we show that a spatial understanding of local metabolism facilitates the identification of clinically relevant, tractable metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kreuzaler
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vincen Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Andres Mendez-Lucas
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Helen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Oscar M Rueda
- University of Cambridge, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Evdoxia Karali
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emine Kazanc
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Alex Dexter
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Wei Lin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Greenwood
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Emma Nye
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Barry
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J A Goodwin
- Imaging and Data Analytics, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Modelling of Paediatric Cancer Evolution, Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Experimental Medicine, Centre for Cancer Evolution: Molecular Pathology Division, The Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, London, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Greg McMahon
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Josephine Bunch
- The National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
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6
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Broeker CD, Ortiz MMO, Murillo MS, Andrechek ER. Integrative multi-omic sequencing reveals the MMTV-Myc mouse model mimics human breast cancer heterogeneity. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:120. [PMID: 37805590 PMCID: PMC10559619 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes and molecular profiles corresponding to different clinical outcomes. Mouse models of breast cancer are widely used, but their relevance in capturing the heterogeneity of human disease is unclear. Previous studies have shown the heterogeneity at the gene expression level for the MMTV-Myc model, but have only speculated on the underlying genetics. METHODS Tumors from the microacinar, squamous, and EMT histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc mouse model of breast cancer underwent whole genome sequencing. The genomic data obtained were then integrated with previously obtained matched sample gene expression data and extended to additional samples of each histological subtype, totaling 42 gene expression samples. High correlation was observed between genetic copy number events and resulting gene expression by both Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient. These same genetic events are conserved in humans and are indicative of poor overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A supervised machine learning algorithm trained on METABRIC gene expression data was used to predict the analogous human breast cancer intrinsic subtype from mouse gene expression data. RESULTS Herein, we examine three common histological subtypes of the MMTV-Myc model through whole genome sequencing and have integrated these results with gene expression data. Significantly, key genomic alterations driving cell signaling pathways were well conserved within histological subtypes. Genomic changes included frequent, co-occurring mutations in KIT and RARA in the microacinar histological subtype as well as SCRIB mutations in the EMT subtype. EMT tumors additionally displayed strong KRAS activation signatures downstream of genetic activating events primarily ascribed to KRAS activating mutations, but also FGFR2 amplification. Analogous genetic events in human breast cancer showed stark decreases in overall survival. In further analyzing transcriptional heterogeneity of the MMTV-Myc model, we report a supervised machine learning model that classifies MMTV-Myc histological subtypes and other mouse models as being representative of different human intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude the well-established MMTV-Myc mouse model presents further opportunities for investigation of human breast cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson D Broeker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Mylena M O Ortiz
- Genetics and Genomics Science Program, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2120, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Michael S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, 428 South Shaw Lane, Engineering Building Room 1508C, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, BPS Room 2194, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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7
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Doha ZO, Wang X, Calistri NL, Eng J, Daniel CJ, Ternes L, Kim EN, Pelz C, Munks M, Betts C, Kwon S, Bucher E, Li X, Waugh T, Tatarova Z, Blumberg D, Ko A, Kirchberger N, Pietenpol JA, Sanders ME, Langer EM, Dai MS, Mills G, Chin K, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Gray JW, Heiser LM, Sears RC. MYC Deregulation and PTEN Loss Model Tumor and Stromal Heterogeneity of Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5665. [PMID: 37704631 PMCID: PMC10499828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have a poor prognosis and few treatment options. Mouse models of TNBC are important for development of new therapies, however, few mouse models represent the complexity of TNBC. Here, we develop a female TNBC murine model by mimicking two common TNBC mutations with high co-occurrence: amplification of the oncogene MYC and deletion of the tumor suppressor PTEN. This Myc;Ptenfl model develops heterogeneous triple-negative mammary tumors that display histological and molecular features commonly found in human TNBC. Our research involves deep molecular and spatial analyses on Myc;Ptenfl tumors including bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, and multiplex tissue-imaging. Through comparison with human TNBC, we demonstrate that this genetic mouse model develops mammary tumors with differential survival and therapeutic responses that closely resemble the inter- and intra-tumoral and microenvironmental heterogeneity of human TNBC, providing a pre-clinical tool for assessing the spectrum of patient TNBC biology and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of medical laboratory technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicholas L Calistri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Colin J Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luke Ternes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eun Na Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Munks
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sunjong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xi Li
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trent Waugh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dylan Blumberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Ko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nell Kirchberger
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ellen M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gordon Mills
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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8
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Wedam R, Greer YE, Wisniewski DJ, Weltz S, Kundu M, Voeller D, Lipkowitz S. Targeting Mitochondria with ClpP Agonists as a Novel Therapeutic Opportunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071936. [PMID: 37046596 PMCID: PMC10093243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Despite the recent development of new therapeutics including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer remains an aggressive form of breast cancer, and thus improved treatments are needed. In recent decades, it has become increasingly clear that breast cancers harbor metabolic plasticity that is controlled by mitochondria. A myriad of studies provide evidence that mitochondria are essential to breast cancer progression. Mitochondria in breast cancers are widely reprogrammed to enhance energy production and biosynthesis of macromolecules required for tumor growth. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial roles in breast cancers and elucidate why mitochondria are a rational therapeutic target. We will then outline the status of the use of mitochondria-targeting drugs in breast cancers, and highlight ClpP agonists as emerging mitochondria-targeting drugs with a unique mechanism of action. We also illustrate possible drug combination strategies and challenges in the future breast cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wedam
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Wisniewski
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Weltz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjari Kundu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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9
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When Just One Phosphate Is One Too Many: The Multifaceted Interplay between Myc and Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054746. [PMID: 36902175 PMCID: PMC10003727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc transcription factors are key regulators of many cellular processes, with Myc target genes crucially implicated in the management of cell proliferation and stem pluripotency, energy metabolism, protein synthesis, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. Given the wide involvement of Myc in cellular dynamics, it is not surprising that its overexpression is frequently associated with cancer. Noteworthy, in cancer cells where high Myc levels are maintained, the overexpression of Myc-associated kinases is often observed and required to foster tumour cells' proliferation. A mutual interplay exists between Myc and kinases: the latter, which are Myc transcriptional targets, phosphorylate Myc, allowing its transcriptional activity, highlighting a clear regulatory loop. At the protein level, Myc activity and turnover is also tightly regulated by kinases, with a finely tuned balance between translation and rapid protein degradation. In this perspective, we focus on the cross-regulation of Myc and its associated protein kinases underlying similar and redundant mechanisms of regulation at different levels, from transcriptional to post-translational events. Furthermore, a review of the indirect effects of known kinase inhibitors on Myc provides an opportunity to identify alternative and combined therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment.
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10
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Minimal frustration underlies the usefulness of incomplete regulatory network models in biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216109120. [PMID: 36580597 PMCID: PMC9910462 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216109120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory networks as large and complex as those implicated in cell-fate choice are expected to exhibit intricate, very high-dimensional dynamics. Cell-fate choice, however, is a macroscopically simple process. Additionally, regulatory network models are almost always incomplete and/or inexact, and do not incorporate all the regulators and interactions that may be involved in cell-fate regulation. In spite of these issues, regulatory network models have proven to be incredibly effective tools for understanding cell-fate choice across contexts and for making useful predictions. Here, we show that minimal frustration-a feature of biological networks across contexts but not of random networks-can compel simple, low-dimensional steady-state behavior even in large and complex networks. Moreover, the steady-state behavior of minimally frustrated networks can be recapitulated by simpler networks such as those lacking many of the nodes and edges and those that treat multiple regulators as one. The present study provides a theoretical explanation for the success of network models in biology and for the challenges in network inference.
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11
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Noronha A, Belugali Nataraj N, Lee JS, Zhitomirsky B, Oren Y, Oster S, Lindzen M, Mukherjee S, Will R, Ghosh S, Simoni-Nieves A, Verma A, Chatterjee R, Borgoni S, Robinson W, Sinha S, Brandis A, Kerr DL, Wu W, Sekar A, Giri S, Chung Y, Drago-Garcia D, Danysh BP, Lauriola M, Fiorentino M, Ardizzoni A, Oren M, Blakely CM, Ezike J, Wiemann S, Parida L, Bivona TG, Aqeilan RI, Brugge JS, Regev A, Getz G, Ruppin E, Yarden Y. AXL and Error-Prone DNA Replication Confer Drug Resistance and Offer Strategies to Treat EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2666-2683. [PMID: 35895872 PMCID: PMC9627128 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapies have been limited by the emergence of mutations and other adaptations. In bacteria, antibiotics activate the SOS response, which mobilizes error-prone factors that allow for continuous replication at the cost of mutagenesis. We investigated whether the treatment of lung cancer with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) similarly engages hypermutators. In cycling drug-tolerant persister (DTP) cells and in EGFRi-treated patients presenting residual disease, we observed upregulation of GAS6, whereas ablation of GAS6's receptor, AXL, eradicated resistance. Reciprocally, AXL overexpression enhanced DTP survival and accelerated the emergence of T790M, an EGFR mutation typical to resistant cells. Mechanistically, AXL induces low-fidelity DNA polymerases and activates their organizer, RAD18, by promoting neddylation. Metabolomics uncovered another hypermutator, AXL-driven activation of MYC, and increased purine synthesis that is unbalanced by pyrimidines. Aligning anti-AXL combination treatments with the transition from DTPs to resistant cells cured patient-derived xenografts. Hence, similar to bacteria, tumors tolerate therapy by engaging pharmacologically targetable endogenous mutators. SIGNIFICANCE EGFR-mutant lung cancers treated with kinase inhibitors often evolve resistance due to secondary mutations. We report that in similarity to the bacterial SOS response stimulated by antibiotics, endogenous mutators are activated in drug-treated cells, and this heralds tolerance. Blocking the process prevented resistance in xenograft models, which offers new treatment strategies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Noronha
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Joo Sang Lee
- Cancer Data Science Lab, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Next-Gen Medicine Lab, School of Medicine and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yaara Oren
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Oster
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saptaparna Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aakanksha Verma
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rishita Chatterjee
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Simone Borgoni
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Sanju Sinha
- Cancer Data Science Lab, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D. Lucas Kerr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Arunachalam Sekar
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Suvendu Giri
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Youngmin Chung
- Next-Gen Medicine Lab, School of Medicine and Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Diana Drago-Garcia
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Brian P. Danysh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Fiorentino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Medical Oncology IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Collin M. Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jideofor Ezike
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laxmi Parida
- Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, New York
| | - Trever G. Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rami I. Aqeilan
- Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joan S. Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aviv Regev
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.,Corresponding Author: Yosef Yarden, Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Phone: 972-8-934-3974; Fax: 972-8-934-2488; E-mail:
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12
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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13
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Urbanski L, Brugiolo M, Park S, Angarola BL, Leclair NK, Yurieva M, Palmer P, Sahu SK, Anczuków O. MYC regulates a pan-cancer network of co-expressed oncogenic splicing factors. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Thege FI, Rupani DN, Barathi BB, Manning SL, Maitra A, Rhim AD, Wörmann SM. A Programmable In Vivo CRISPR Activation Model Elucidates the Oncogenic and Immunosuppressive Functions of MYC in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2761-2776. [PMID: 35666804 PMCID: PMC9357118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) are time-consuming, laborious, and offer limited spatiotemporal control. Here, we describe the development of a streamlined platform for in vivo gene activation using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technology. Unlike conventional GEMMs, this model system allows for flexible, sustained, and timed activation of one or more target genes using single or pooled lentiviral guides. Myc and Yap1 were used as model oncogenes to demonstrate gene activation in primary pancreatic organoid cultures in vitro and enhanced tumorigenic potential in Myc-activated organoids when transplanted orthotopically in vivo. Implementation of this model as an autochthonous lung cancer model showed that transduction-mediated activation of Myc led to accelerated tumor progression and significantly reduced overall survival relative to nontargeted tumor controls. Furthermore, Myc activation led to the acquisition of an immune suppressive, "cold" tumor microenvironment. Cross-species validation of these results using publicly available RNA/DNA-seq datasets linked MYC to a previously described immunosuppressive molecular subtype in patient tumors, thus identifying a patient cohort that may benefit from combined MYC- and immune-targeted therapies. Overall, this work demonstrates how CRISPRa can be used for rapid functional validation of putative oncogenes and may allow for the identification and evaluation of potential metastatic and oncogenic drivers through competitive screening. SIGNIFICANCE A streamlined platform for programmable CRISPR gene activation enables rapid evaluation and functional validation of putative oncogenes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik I. Thege
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- CORRESPONDANCE: Fredrik I. Thege, , Sonja M. Wörmann, , MD Anderson Cancer Center, Zayed Building, Z3.2065, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dhwani N. Rupani
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhargavi B. Barathi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sara L. Manning
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew D. Rhim
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sonja M. Wörmann
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- CORRESPONDANCE: Fredrik I. Thege, , Sonja M. Wörmann, , MD Anderson Cancer Center, Zayed Building, Z3.2065, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Combinatorial immunotherapies overcome MYC-driven immune evasion in triple negative breast cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3671. [PMID: 35760778 PMCID: PMC9237085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Few patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors with complete and durable remissions being quite rare. Oncogenes can regulate tumor immune infiltration, however whether oncogenes dictate diminished response to immunotherapy and whether these effects are reversible remains poorly understood. Here, we report that TNBCs with elevated MYC expression are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Using mouse models and patient data, we show that MYC signaling is associated with low tumor cell PD-L1, low overall immune cell infiltration, and low tumor cell MHC-I expression. Restoring interferon signaling in the tumor increases MHC-I expression. By combining a TLR9 agonist and an agonistic antibody against OX40 with anti-PD-L1, mice experience tumor regression and are protected from new TNBC tumor outgrowth. Our findings demonstrate that MYC-dependent immune evasion is reversible and druggable, and when strategically targeted, may improve outcomes for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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16
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Bhatia S, Kramer M, Russo S, Naik P, Arun G, Brophy K, Andrews P, Fan C, Perou CM, Preall J, Ha T, Plenker D, Tuveson DA, Rishi A, Wilkinson JE, McCombie WR, Kostroff K, Spector DL. Patient-Derived Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Organoids Provide Robust Model Systems That Recapitulate Tumor Intrinsic Characteristics. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1174-1192. [PMID: 35180770 PMCID: PMC9135475 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor patient outcomes, highlighting the unmet clinical need for targeted therapies and better model systems. Here, we developed and comprehensively characterized a diverse biobank of normal and breast cancer patient-derived organoids (PDO) with a focus on TNBCs. PDOs recapitulated patient tumor intrinsic properties and a subset of PDOs can be propagated for long-term culture (LT-TNBC). Single cell profiling of PDOs identified cell types and gene candidates affiliated with different aspects of cancer progression. The LT-TNBC organoids exhibit signatures of aggressive MYC-driven, basal-like breast cancers and are largely comprised of luminal progenitor (LP)-like cells. The TNBC LP-like cells are distinct from normal LPs and exhibit hyperactivation of NOTCH and MYC signaling. Overall, this study validates TNBC PDOs as robust models for understanding breast cancer biology and progression, paving the way for personalized medicine and tailored treatment options. SIGNIFICANCE A comprehensive analysis of patient-derived organoids of TNBC provides insights into cellular heterogeneity and mechanisms of tumorigenesis at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Bhatia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Suzanne Russo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Payal Naik
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Gayatri Arun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Kyle Brophy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Peter Andrews
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Cheng Fan
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charles M Perou
- University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Preall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Taehoon Ha
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Dennis Plenker
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Arvind Rishi
- Northwell Health, Department of Pathology, Lake Success, New York
| | - John E Wilkinson
- University of Michigan, Department of Pathology, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Karen Kostroff
- Northwell Health, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lake Success, New York
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
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17
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Vervoort SJ, Devlin JR, Kwiatkowski N, Teng M, Gray NS, Johnstone RW. Targeting transcription cycles in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:5-24. [PMID: 34675395 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accurate control of gene expression is essential for normal development and dysregulation of transcription underpins cancer onset and progression. Similar to cell cycle regulation, RNA polymerase II-driven transcription can be considered as a unidirectional multistep cycle, with thousands of unique transcription cycles occurring in concert within each cell. Each transcription cycle comprises recruitment, initiation, pausing, elongation, termination and recycling stages that are tightly controlled by the coordinated action of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases and their cognate cyclins as well as the opposing activity of transcriptional phosphatases. Oncogenic dysregulation of transcription can entail defective control of gene expression, either at select loci or more globally, impacting a large proportion of the genome. The resultant dependency on the core-transcriptional machinery is believed to render 'transcriptionally addicted' cancers sensitive to perturbation of transcription. Based on these findings, small molecules targeting transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases and associated proteins hold promise for the treatment of cancer. Here, we utilize the transcription cycles concept to explain how dysregulation of these finely tuned gene expression processes may drive tumorigenesis and how therapeutically beneficial responses may arise from global or selective transcriptional perturbation. This conceptual framework helps to explain tumour-selective transcriptional dependencies and facilitates the rational design of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephin J Vervoort
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kwiatkowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingxing Teng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, CHEM-H and SCI, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Luminescence complementation technology for the identification of MYC:TRRAP inhibitors. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2147-2157. [PMID: 34676047 PMCID: PMC8522838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanism-based targeted therapies have exhibited remarkable success in treating otherwise untreatable or unresectable cancers. Novel targeted therapies that correct dysregulated transcriptional programs in cancer are an unmet medical need. The transcription factor MYC is the most frequently amplified gene in human cancer and is overexpressed because of mutations in an array of oncogenic signaling pathways. The fact that many cancer cells cannot survive without MYC – a phenomenon termed “MYC addiction” – provides a compelling case for the development of MYC-specific targeted therapies. We propose a new strategy to inhibit MYC function by disrupting its essential interaction with TRRAP using small molecules. To achieve our goal, we developed a platform using luminescence complementation for identifying small molecules as inhibitors of the MYC:TRRAP interaction. Here we present validation of this assay by measuring the disruption of TRRAP binding caused by substitutions to the invariant and essential MYC homology 2 region of MYC.
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19
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Harding JJ, Telli M, Munster P, Voss MH, Infante JR, DeMichele A, Dunphy M, Le MH, Molineaux C, Orford K, Parlati F, Whiting SH, Bennett MK, Tannir NM, Meric-Bernstam F. A Phase I Dose-Escalation and Expansion Study of Telaglenastat in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4994-5003. [PMID: 34285061 PMCID: PMC9401498 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamine is a critical fuel for solid tumors. Interference with glutamine metabolism is deleterious to neoplasia in preclinical models. A phase I study of the oral, first-in-class, glutaminase (GLS) inhibitor telaglenastat was conducted in treatment-refractory solid tumor patients to define recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Dose escalation by 3 + 3 design was followed by exploratory tumor-/biomarker-specific cohorts. RESULTS Among 120 patients, fatigue (23%) and nausea (19%) were the most common toxicity. Maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Correlative analysis indicated >90% GLS inhibition in platelets at plasma exposures >300 nmol/L, >75% tumoral GLS inhibition, and significant increase in circulating glutamine. RP2D was defined at 800 mg twice-daily. Disease control rate (DCR) was 43% across expansion cohorts (overall response rate 5%, DCR 50% in renal cell carcinoma). CONCLUSIONS Telaglenastat is safe, with a favorable PK/PD profile and signal of antitumor activity, supporting further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Harding
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College, New York, New York.,Corresponding Author: James J. Harding, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 East 66th Street, New York, NY. Phone: 646-888-4314; Fax: 646-888-4255; E-mail:
| | - Melinda Telli
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pamela Munster
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Martin H. Voss
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey R. Infante
- Sarah Canon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Mark Dunphy
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mai H. Le
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Chris Molineaux
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Keith Orford
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Frank Parlati
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sam H. Whiting
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark K. Bennett
- Calithera Biosciences, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Nizar M. Tannir
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Cieśla M, Ngoc PCT, Cordero E, Martinez ÁS, Morsing M, Muthukumar S, Beneventi G, Madej M, Munita R, Jönsson T, Lövgren K, Ebbesson A, Nodin B, Hedenfalk I, Jirström K, Vallon-Christersson J, Honeth G, Staaf J, Incarnato D, Pietras K, Bosch A, Bellodi C. Oncogenic translation directs spliceosome dynamics revealing an integral role for SF3A3 in breast cancer. Mol Cell 2021; 81:1453-1468.e12. [PMID: 33662273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Splicing is a central RNA-based process commonly altered in human cancers; however, how spliceosomal components are co-opted during tumorigenesis remains poorly defined. Here we unravel the core splice factor SF3A3 at the nexus of a translation-based program that rewires splicing during malignant transformation. Upon MYC hyperactivation, SF3A3 levels are modulated translationally through an RNA stem-loop in an eIF3D-dependent manner. This ensures accurate splicing of mRNAs enriched for mitochondrial regulators. Altered SF3A3 translation leads to metabolic reprogramming and stem-like properties that fuel MYC tumorigenic potential in vivo. Our analysis reveals that SF3A3 protein levels predict molecular and phenotypic features of aggressive human breast cancers. These findings unveil a post-transcriptional interplay between splicing and translation that governs critical facets of MYC-driven oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cieśla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Álvaro Sejas Martinez
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikkel Morsing
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sowndarya Muthukumar
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Giulia Beneventi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Madej
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Munita
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Terese Jönsson
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lövgren
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Ebbesson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gabriella Honeth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Staaf
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ana Bosch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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21
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Schaafsma E, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Li Y, Cheng C. MYC Activity Inference Captures Diverse Mechanisms of Aberrant MYC Pathway Activation in Human Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:414-428. [PMID: 33234576 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
c-MYC (MYC) is deregulated in more than 50% of all cancers. While MYC amplification is the most common MYC-deregulating event, many other alterations can increase MYC activity. We thus systematically investigated MYC pathway activity across different tumor types. Using a logistic regression framework, we established tumor type-specific, transcriptomic-based MYC activity scores that can accurately capture MYC activity. We show that MYC activity scores reflect a variety of MYC-regulating mechanisms, including MYCL and/or MYCN amplification, MYC promoter methylation, MYC mRNA expression, lncRNA PVT1 expression, MYC mutations, and viral integrations near the MYC locus. Our MYC activity score incorporates all of these mechanisms, resulting in better prognostic predictions compared with MYC amplification status, MYC promoter methylation, and MYC mRNA expression in several cancer types. In addition, we show that tumor proliferation and immune evasion are likely contributors to this reduction in survival. Finally, we developed a MYC activity signature for liquid tumors in which MYC translocation is commonly observed, suggesting that our approach can be applied to different types of genomic alterations. In conclusion, we developed a MYC activity score that captures MYC pathway activity and is clinically relevant. IMPLICATIONS: By using cancer type-specific MYC activity profiles, we were able to assess MYC activity across many more tumor types than previously investigated. The range of different MYC-related alterations captured by our MYC activity score can be used to facilitate the application of future MYC inhibitors and aid physicians to preselect patients for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Yanding Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.,Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, New Jersey
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,The Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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22
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Differential expression, function and prognostic value of miR-17-92 cluster in ER-positive and triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100224. [PMID: 33096318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that the miR-17-92 cluster can function either as oncogene or tumor suppressor in human cancers. The function of miR-17-92 in subtypes of breast cancer remains largely unknown. The expression of miR-17-92 is elevated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) but reduced in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (ERPBC). We show that increased expression of miRNAs belonging to the miR-17-92 cluster is associated with poor outcome in TNBC, whereas the expression of miR-17-92 miRNAs is with good outcome in ERPBC. We show that ectopic expression of miR-17-92 inhibited cell growth and invasion of ER-positive and HER2-enriched cells. On the contrary, miR-17-92 expression enhanced cell growth and invasion of TNBC cells. Further, we found that miR-17-92 expression sensitized MCF7 cells to chemotherapeutic compounds, whereas it rendered SKBR3 cells resistant to them. We found that expression of ADORA1 was reduced by miR-17-92-expressing breast cancer cells, specifically in ERPBC. We observed an inverse correlation between the expression of ADORA1 and miR-17-92 in human breast cancer. Treatment with DPCPX, a selective ADORA1 antagonist, abolished the difference in the growth of control and miR-17-92 overexpressing MCF7 cells and identified ADORA1 as a key functional target of miR-17-92 in ERPBC. Furthermore, increased expression of ADORA1 in ERPBC is associated with a poor outcome. Our observations underscore the context-dependent role of miR-17-92 in breast cancer subtypes and suggest that miR-17-92 could serve as novel prognostic markers in breast cancer.
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23
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Zhou Y, Geng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Chu C, Sharma S, Fassl A, Butter D, Sicinski P. The requirement for cyclin E in c-Myc overexpressing breast cancers. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2589-2599. [PMID: 32975478 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like triple-negative breast cancers frequently express high levels of c-Myc. This oncoprotein signals to the core cell cycle machinery by impinging on cyclin E. High levels of E-type cyclins (E1 and E2) are often seen in human triple-negative breast tumors. In the current study, we examined the requirement for E-type cyclins in the c-Myc-driven mouse model of breast cancer (MMTV-c-Myc mice). To do so, we crossed cyclin E1- (E1-/-) and E2- (E2-/-) deficient mice with MMTV-c-Myc animals, and observed the resulting cyclin E1-/-/MMTV-c-Myc and cyclin E2-/-/MMTV-c-Myc females for breast cancer incidence. We found that mice lacking cyclins E1 or E2 developed breast cancers like their cyclin Ewild-type counterparts. In contrast, further reduction of the dosage of E-cyclins in cyclin E1-/-E2+/-/MMTV-c-Myc and cyclin E1+/-E2-/-/MMTV-c-Myc animals significantly decreased the incidence of mammary carcinomas, revealing arole for E-cyclins in tumor initiation. We also observed that depletion of E-cyclins in human triple-negative breast cancer cell lines halted cell cycle progression, indicating that E-cyclins are essential for tumor cell proliferation. In contrast, we found that the catalytic partner of E-cyclins, the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), is dispensable for the proliferation of these cells. These results indicate that E-cyclins, but not CDK2, play essential and rate-limiting roles in driving the proliferation of c-Myc overexpressing breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA.,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samanta Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Butter
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
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24
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c-myc regulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to palbociclib via c-myc/miR-29b-3p/CDK6 axis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:760. [PMID: 32934206 PMCID: PMC7493901 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, has been granted accelerated approval by US FDA for hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. To determine potential biomarkers of palbociclib sensitivity to assist in patient selection and clinical development, we investigated the effects of palbociclib in a panel of molecularly characterized breast cancer cell lines. We quantified palbociclib sensitivity and c-myc expression in 11 breast cancer cell lines, 124 breast cancer samples, and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We found non-TNBC subtypes were more sensitive to palbociclib than TNBC. Activation of c-myc led to differential palbociclib sensitivities, and further inhibition of c-myc enhanced palbociclib sensitivity. Moreover, we identified for the first time a c-myc/miR-29b-3p/CDK6 axis in breast cancer that could be responsible for c-myc-induced palbociclib insensitivity, in which c-myc activation resulted in downregulation of miR-29b-3p, further activated CDK6 and inhibited cell-cycle arrest at G1 phase. Moreover, downregulated (inactived) c-myc-induced oncogenic addiction could increase palbociclib efficacy, using both Xenograft model and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) model. Our finding extends the concept of combined blockade of the CDK4/6 and c-myc signaling pathways to increase palbociclib sensitivity, making c-myc a promising biomarker for palbociclib sensitivity in breast cancer.
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25
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Tripathi S, Kessler DA, Levine H. Biological Networks Regulating Cell Fate Choice Are Minimally Frustrated. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:088101. [PMID: 32909810 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.088101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the differences between biological and random networks can reveal the design principles that enable the robust realization of crucial biological functions including the establishment of different cell types. Previous studies, focusing on identifying topological features that are present in biological networks but not in random networks, have, however, provided few functional insights. We use a Boolean modeling framework and ideas from the spin glass literature to identify functional differences between five real biological networks and random networks with similar topological features. We show that minimal frustration is a fundamental property that allows biological networks to robustly establish cell types and regulate cell fate choice, and that this property can emerge in complex networks via Darwinian evolution. The study also provides clues regarding how the regulation of cell fate choice can go awry in a disease like cancer and lead to the emergence of aberrant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Tripathi
- PhD Program in Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David A Kessler
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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26
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Pathway-guided analysis identifies Myc-dependent alternative pre-mRNA splicing in aggressive prostate cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:5269-5279. [PMID: 32086391 PMCID: PMC7071906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915975117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to define the landscape of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in prostate cancers and the relationship of exon choice to known cancer driver alterations. To do so, we compiled a metadataset composed of 876 RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) samples from five publicly available sources representing a range of prostate phenotypes from normal tissue to drug-resistant metastases. We subjected these samples to exon-level analysis with rMATS-turbo, purpose-built software designed for large-scale analyses of splicing, and identified 13,149 high-confidence cassette exon events with variable incorporation across samples. We then developed a computational framework, pathway enrichment-guided activity study of alternative splicing (PEGASAS), to correlate transcriptional signatures of 50 different cancer driver pathways with these alternative splicing events. We discovered that Myc signaling was correlated with incorporation of a set of 1,039 cassette exons enriched in genes encoding RNA binding proteins. Using a human prostate epithelial transformation assay, we confirmed the Myc regulation of 147 of these exons, many of which introduced frameshifts or encoded premature stop codons. Our results connect changes in alternative pre-mRNA splicing to oncogenic alterations common in prostate and many other cancers. We also establish a role for Myc in regulating RNA splicing by controlling the incorporation of nonsense-mediated decay-determinant exons in genes encoding RNA binding proteins.
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27
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Casciano JC, Perry C, Cohen-Nowak AJ, Miller KD, Vande Voorde J, Zhang Q, Chalmers S, Sandison ME, Liu Q, Hedley A, McBryan T, Tang HY, Gorman N, Beer T, Speicher DW, Adams PD, Liu X, Schlegel R, McCarron JG, Wakelam MJO, Gottlieb E, Kossenkov AV, Schug ZT. MYC regulates fatty acid metabolism through a multigenic program in claudin-low triple negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:868-884. [PMID: 31942031 PMCID: PMC7078291 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a key metabolic pathway for the growth of triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), particularly those that have high expression of MYC. However, the underlying mechanism by which MYC promotes FAO remains poorly understood. Methods We used a combination of metabolomics, transcriptomics, bioinformatics, and microscopy to elucidate a potential mechanism by which MYC regulates FAO in TNBC. Results We propose that MYC induces a multigenic program that involves changes in intracellular calcium signalling and fatty acid metabolism. We determined key roles for fatty acid transporters (CD36), lipases (LPL), and kinases (PDGFRB, CAMKK2, and AMPK) that each contribute to promoting FAO in human mammary epithelial cells that express oncogenic levels of MYC. Bioinformatic analysis further showed that this multigenic program is highly expressed and predicts poor survival in the claudin-low molecular subtype of TNBC, but not other subtypes of TNBCs, suggesting that efforts to target FAO in the clinic may best serve claudin-low TNBC patients. Conclusion We identified critical pieces of the FAO machinery that have the potential to be targeted for improved treatment of patients with TNBC, especially the claudin-low molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Casciano
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Perry
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam J Cohen-Nowak
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katelyn D Miller
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johan Vande Voorde
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Susan Chalmers
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Mairi E Sandison
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ann Hedley
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tony McBryan
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Gorman
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas Beer
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington D.C., 20057, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Center for Cell Reprogramming, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington D.C., 20057, USA
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, SIPBS Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Eyal Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 1 Efron St. Bat Galim, 3525433, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- The Wistar Institute, Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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28
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High MYC mRNA Expression Is More Clinically Relevant than MYC DNA Amplification in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010217. [PMID: 31905596 PMCID: PMC6981812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA abnormalities are used in inclusion criteria of clinical trials for treatments with specific targeted molecules. MYC is one of the most powerful oncogenes and is known to be associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Its DNA amplification is often part of the targeted DNA-sequencing panels under the assumption of reflecting upregulated signaling. However, it remains unclear if MYC DNA amplification is a surrogate of its upregulated signaling. Thus, we investigated the difference between MYC DNA amplification and mRNA high expression in TNBCs utilizing publicly available cohorts. MYC DNA amplified tumors were found to have various mRNA expression levels, suggesting that MYC DNA amplification does not always result in elevated MYC mRNA expression. Compared to other subtypes, both MYC DNA amplification and mRNA high expression were more frequent in the TNBCs. MYC mRNA high expression, but not DNA amplification, was significantly associated with worse overall survival in the TNBCs. The TNBCs with MYC mRNA high expression enriched MYC target genes, cell cycle related genes, and WNT/β-catenin gene sets, whereas none of them were enriched in MYC DNA amplified TNBCs. In conclusion, MYC mRNA high expression, but not DNA amplification, reflects not only its upregulated signaling pathway, but also clinical significance in TNBCs.
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29
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Moi L, Braaten T, Al-Shibli K, Lund E, Busund LTR. Differential expression of the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-17 family in breast cancer according to tumor type; results from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) study. J Transl Med 2019; 17:334. [PMID: 31581940 PMCID: PMC6775665 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers due to their structural stability and distinct expression profile in various cancers. We wanted to explore the miRNA expression in benign breast tissue and breast cancer subgroups in the Norwegian Women and Cancer study. Methods Specimens and histopathological data from study participants in Northern Norway diagnosed with breast cancer, and benign tissue from breast reduction surgery were collected. Main molecular subtypes were based on surrogate markers; luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2− and Ki67 ≤ 30%), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2− and Ki67 > 30% or ER+ and/or PR+ and HER2+), HER2 positive (ER− and PR− and HER2+) and triple-negative (ER−, PR− and HER2−). RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, and miRNAs were successfully analyzed in 102 cancers and 36 benign controls using the 7th generation miRCURY LNA microarray containing probes targeting all human miRNAs as annotated in miRBASE version 19.0. Validation with RT-qPCR was performed. Results On average, 450 miRNAs were detected in each sample, and 304 miRNAs were significantly different between malignant and benign tissue. Subgroup analyses of cancer cases revealed 23 miRNAs significantly different between ER+ and ER− tumors, and 47 miRNAs different between tumors stratified according to grade. Significantly higher levels were found in high grade tumors for miR-17-5p (p = 0.006), miR-20a-5p (p = 0.007), miR-106b-5p (p = 0.007), miR-93-5p (p = 0.007) and miR-25-3p (p = 0.015) from the paralogous clusters miR-17-92 and miR-106b-25. Expression of miR-17-5p (p = 0.0029), miR-20a-5p (p = 0.0021), miR-92a-3p (p = 0.011) and miR-106b-5p (p = 0.021) was significantly higher in triple-negative tumors compared to the rest, and miR-17-5p and miR-20a-5p were significantly lower in luminal A tumors. Conclusions miRNA expression profiles were significantly different between malignant and benign tissue and between cancer subgroups according to ER− status, grade and molecular subtype. miRNAs in the miR-17-92 cluster and miR-17 family were overexpressed in high grade and triple-negative tumors associated with aggressive behavior. The expression and functional role of these miRNAs should be further studied in breast cancer to explore their potential as biomarkers in diagnostic pathology and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Moi
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Tonje Braaten
- Institute of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Khalid Al-Shibli
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Institute of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Cell Reprogramming in Tumorigenesis and Its Therapeutic Implications for Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081827. [PMID: 31013830 PMCID: PMC6515165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and can be categorized into several subtypes according to histopathological parameters or genomic signatures. Such heterogeneity of breast cancer can arise from the reactivation of mammary stem cells in situ during tumorigenesis. Moreover, different breast cancer subtypes exhibit varieties of cancer incidence, therapeutic response, and patient prognosis, suggesting that a specific therapeutic protocol is required for each breast cancer subtype. Recent studies using molecular and cellular assays identified a link between specific genetic/epigenetic alterations and distinct cells of origin of breast cancer subtypes. These alterations include oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and cell-lineage determinants, which can induce cell reprogramming (dedifferentiation and transdifferentiation) among two lineage-committed mammary epithelial cells, namely basal and luminal cells. The interconversion of cell states through cell reprogramming into the intermediates of mammary stem cells can give rise to heterogeneous breast cancers that complicate effective therapies of breast cancer. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying cell reprogramming in breast cancer can help in not only elucidating tumorigenesis but also developing therapeutics for breast cancer. This review introduces recent findings on cancer gene-mediated cell reprogramming in breast cancer and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting cell reprogramming.
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c-Myc activation promotes cofilin-mediated F-actin cytoskeleton remodeling and telomere homeostasis as a response to oxidant-based DNA damage in medulloblastoma cells. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101163. [PMID: 30901604 PMCID: PMC6429558 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common and highly aggressive pediatric brain tumor of a heterogeneous nature. According to transcriptome-based profiling, four molecular subgroups of MB have been revealed, namely WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. High MYC mRNA expression and MYC gene amplification in MB have been considered as indicators of poor prognosis. However, the role of c-Myc in MB biology is still not well established. In the present study, the effects of c-Myc activation in UW228-MycER MB cell line were investigated using 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) induction system. Upon 4-OHT stimulation, an increase in metabolic activity, large-cell/anaplastic (LC/A) phenotype and oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage were observed. However, 53BP1 foci were not implicated in DNA damage response. Instead, cofilin nuclear translocation, changes in F-actin cytoskeleton and the levels of cytoskeletal proteins were shown. Moreover, the telomere length was found to be unaffected that may be associated with the upregulation of TRF proteins. Transcription of nascent RNA (synthesis of new rRNA) and the expression of RNA polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3/TIF-IA were also elevated. Moreover, increased levels of DNMT2, a modulator of stress responses, were observed. A small fraction of cells responded differently as oncogene-induced senescence was also noticed. We postulate that c-Myc-mediated modulation of genetic stability of MB cells may trigger cellular heterogeneity and affect adaptive responses to changing environment.
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Alexandrou S, George SM, Ormandy CJ, Lim E, Oakes SR, Caldon CE. The Proliferative and Apoptotic Landscape of Basal-like Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030667. [PMID: 30720718 PMCID: PMC6387372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive molecular subtype that represents up to 15% of breast cancers. It occurs in younger patients, and typically shows rapid development of locoregional and distant metastasis, resulting in a relatively high mortality rate. Its defining features are that it is positive for basal cytokeratins and, epidermal growth factor receptor and/or c-Kit. Problematically, it is typically negative for the estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which means that it is unsuitable for either hormone therapy or targeted HER2 therapy. As a result, there are few therapeutic options for BLBC, and a major priority is to define molecular subgroups of BLBC that could be targeted therapeutically. In this review, we focus on the highly proliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotype of BLBC with the goal of defining potential therapeutic avenues, which could take advantage of these aspects of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alexandrou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sandra Marie George
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
| | - Christopher John Ormandy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, 2052 Sydney, Australia.
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, 2052 Sydney, Australia.
| | - Samantha Richelle Oakes
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, 2052 Sydney, Australia.
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 2010 Sydney, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, 2052 Sydney, Australia.
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Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Chikara S, Gugiu G, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone induced changes in the proteomic profile of breast cancer cells. J Proteomics 2019; 192:233-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Annunziato S, de Ruiter JR, Henneman L, Brambillasca CS, Lutz C, Vaillant F, Ferrante F, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, Siteur B, van Gerwen B, de Bruijn R, van Miltenburg MH, Huijbers IJ, van de Ven M, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Comparative oncogenomics identifies combinations of driver genes and drug targets in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:397. [PMID: 30674894 PMCID: PMC6344487 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-mutated breast cancer is primarily driven by DNA copy-number alterations (CNAs) containing large numbers of candidate driver genes. Validation of these candidates requires novel approaches for high-throughput in vivo perturbation of gene function. Here we develop genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer that permit rapid introduction of putative drivers by either retargeting of GEMM-derived embryonic stem cells, lentivirus-mediated somatic overexpression or in situ CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption. We use these approaches to validate Myc, Met, Pten and Rb1 as bona fide drivers in BRCA1-associated mammary tumorigenesis. Iterative mouse modeling and comparative oncogenomics analysis show that MYC-overexpression strongly reshapes the CNA landscape of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors and identify MCL1 as a collaborating driver in these tumors. Moreover, MCL1 inhibition potentiates the in vivo efficacy of PARP inhibition (PARPi), underscoring the therapeutic potential of this combination for treatment of BRCA1-mutated cancer patients with poor response to PARPi monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara S Brambillasca
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - François Vaillant
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Siteur
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Gerwen
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martine H van Miltenburg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Preclinical Intervention Unit, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jane E Visvader
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- ACRF Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Homer-Bouthiette C, Zhao Y, Shunkwiler LB, Van Peel B, Garrett-Mayer E, Baird RC, Rissman AI, Guest ST, Ethier SP, John MC, Powers PA, Haag JD, Gould MN, Smits BMG. Deletion of the murine ortholog of the 8q24 gene desert has anti-cancer effects in transgenic mammary cancer models. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1233. [PMID: 30526553 PMCID: PMC6288875 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The gene desert on human chromosomal band 8q24 harbors multiple genetic variants associated with common cancers, including breast cancer. The locus, including the gene desert and its flanking genes, MYC, PVT1 and FAM84B, is also frequently amplified in human breast cancer. We generated a megadeletion (MD) mouse model lacking 430-Kb of sequence orthologous to the breast cancer-associated region in the gene desert. The goals were to examine the effect of the deletion on mammary cancer development and on transcript level regulation of the candidate genes within the locus. Methods The MD allele was engineered using the MICER system in embryonic stem cells and bred onto 3 well-characterized transgenic models for breast cancer, namely MMTV-PyVT, MMTV-neu and C3(1)-TAg. Mammary tumor growth, latency, multiplicity and metastasis were compared between homozygous MD and wild type mice carrying the transgenes. A reciprocal mammary gland transplantation assay was conducted to distinguish mammary cell-autonomous from non-mammary cell-autonomous anti-cancer effects. Gene expression analysis was done using quantitative real-time PCR. Chromatin interactions were evaluated by 3C. Gene-specific patient outcome data were analysed using the METABRIC and TCGA data sets through the cBioPortal website. Results Mice homozygous for the MD allele are viable, fertile, lactate sufficiently to nourish their pups, but maintain a 10% lower body weight mainly due to decreased adiposity. The deletion interferes with mammary tumorigenesis in mouse models for luminal and basal breast cancer. In the MMTV-PyVT model the mammary cancer-reducing effects of the allele are mammary cell-autonomous. We found organ-specific effects on transcript level regulation, with Myc and Fam84b being downregulated in mammary gland, prostate and mammary tumor samples. Through analysis using the METABRIC and TCGA datasets, we provide evidence that MYC and FAM84B are frequently co-amplified in breast cancer, but in contrast with MYC, FAM84B is frequently overexpressed in the luminal subtype, whereas MYC activity affect basal breast cancer outcomes. Conclusion Deletion of a breast cancer-associated non-protein coding region affects mammary cancer development in 3 transgenic mouse models. We propose Myc as a candidate susceptibility gene, regulated by the gene desert locus, and a potential role for Fam84b in modifying breast cancer development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5109-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Homer-Bouthiette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Lauren B Shunkwiler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Benjamine Van Peel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Rachael C Baird
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Anna I Rissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Stephen T Guest
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Manorama C John
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Patricia A Powers
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jill D Haag
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Michael N Gould
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Bart M G Smits
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Tang W, Zhou M, Dorsey TH, Prieto DA, Wang XW, Ruppin E, Veenstra TD, Ambs S. Integrated proteotranscriptomics of breast cancer reveals globally increased protein-mRNA concordance associated with subtypes and survival. Genome Med 2018; 10:94. [PMID: 30501643 PMCID: PMC6276229 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptome analysis of breast cancer discovered distinct disease subtypes of clinical significance. However, it remains a challenge to define disease biology solely based on gene expression because tumor biology is often the result of protein function. Here, we measured global proteome and transcriptome expression in human breast tumors and adjacent non-cancerous tissue and performed an integrated proteotranscriptomic analysis. Methods We applied a quantitative liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based proteome analysis using an untargeted approach and analyzed protein extracts from 65 breast tumors and 53 adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Additional gene expression data from Affymetrix Gene Chip Human Gene ST Arrays were available for 59 tumors and 38 non-cancerous tissues in our study. We then applied an integrated analysis of the proteomic and transcriptomic data to examine relationships between them, disease characteristics, and patient survival. Findings were validated in a second dataset using proteome and transcriptome data from “The Cancer Genome Atlas” and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. Results We found that the proteome describes differences between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues that are not revealed by the transcriptome. The proteome, but not the transcriptome, revealed an activation of infection-related signal pathways in basal-like and triple-negative tumors. We also observed that proteins rather than mRNAs are increased in tumors and show that this observation could be related to shortening of the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs in tumors. The integrated analysis of the two technologies further revealed a global increase in protein-mRNA concordance in tumors. Highly correlated protein-gene pairs were enriched in protein processing and disease metabolic pathways. The increased concordance between transcript and protein levels was additionally associated with aggressive disease, including basal-like/triple-negative tumors, and decreased patient survival. We also uncovered a strong positive association between protein-mRNA concordance and proliferation of tumors. Finally, we observed that protein expression profiles co-segregate with a Myc activation signature and separate breast tumors into two subgroups with different survival outcomes. Conclusions Our study provides new insights into the relationship between protein and mRNA expression in breast cancer and shows that an integrated analysis of the proteome and transcriptome has the potential of uncovering novel disease characteristics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0602-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg.37/Room 3050B, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Laboratory of Protein Characterization, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany H Dorsey
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg.37/Room 3050B, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA
| | - DaRue A Prieto
- Laboratory of Protein Characterization, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xin W Wang
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- Laboratory of Protein Characterization, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg.37/Room 3050B, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA.
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37
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Wang QM, Lv L, Tang Y, Zhang L, Wang LF. MMP-1 is overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues and the knockdown of MMP-1 expression inhibits tumor cell malignant behaviors in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1732-1740. [PMID: 30675232 PMCID: PMC6341686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) is a member of the zinc-dependent endopeptidase family, which cleaves the extracellular matrix. The present study investigated the functional role of MMP-1 in breast cancer ex vivo and in vitro in order to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. The levels of MMP-1 were analyzed in 99 breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. A stable short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of MMP-1 expression was performed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the effects were examined using MTT and colony formation assays, as well as migration and invasion assays, while western blotting was used to detect the activation of intracellular signaling. The MMP-1 protein was more highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer tissues than in estrogen receptor(+) and human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor(3+) breast cancer tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the MMP-1 levels were significantly higher in the tumor and tumor stromal cells of lymph node metastatic breast cancer tissues than in those of non-metastatic tissues. The knockdown of MMP-1 expression in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells using MMP-1 shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and the expression of the Myc proto-oncogene protein, phosphorylated and total RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase 1, and B-cell lymphoma 2, but increased the protein levels of apoptosis regulator BAX and caspase 3. In conclusion, the data suggest that MMP-1 serves an important role in breast cancer development and metastasis. Future studies should assess MMP-1 as a prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer and its inhibition as a novel strategy for controlling breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Jung E, Seong Y, Jeon B, Kwon YS, Song H. MicroRNAs of miR-17-92 cluster increase gene expression by targeting mRNA-destabilization pathways. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:603-612. [PMID: 29935344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) of the miR-17-92 cluster are overexpressed in human cancers, and their enforced expression is tumorigenic in mouse models. A number of genes are reported to be targets of these miRNAs and are implicated in their tumorigenic potential. However, the mode of action by miRNAs suggests that global analysis of their targets is required to understand their cellular roles. In this study, we globally analyzed AGO2-bound mRNAs and found that the miR-17-92 miRNAs coherently repress multiple targets involved in the destabilization of mRNA. While the miRNAs repress the expression of their targets, they increase stability and lengthen the poly-A tails of non-target mRNAs. Furthermore, the expression of BTG3, TOB1, CSNK1A1 and ANKRD52 is negatively correlated with the expression of the miR-17-92 cluster in cancer cell lines. Our results suggest that the miR-17-92 miRNAs promote tumorigenesis not only by repression of key regulators, but also by posttranscriptional increases of global gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmo Seong
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kwon
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Schrijver WAME, Selenica P, Lee JY, Ng CKY, Burke KA, Piscuoglio S, Berman SH, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Mutation Profiling of Key Cancer Genes in Primary Breast Cancers and Their Distant Metastases. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3112-3121. [PMID: 29615433 PMCID: PMC6355142 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of primary breast cancers has been extensively catalogued, the genetic differences between primary and metastatic tumors have been less studied. In this study, we compared somatic mutations and gene copy number alterations of primary breast cancers and their matched metastases from patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative disease. DNA samples obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ER-negative/HER2-positive (n = 9) and ER-, progesterone receptor (PR-), HER2-negative (n = 8) primary breast cancers and from paired brain or skin metastases and normal tissue were subjected to a hybridization capture-based massively parallel sequencing assay, targeting 341 key cancer genes. A large subset of nonsynonymous somatic mutations (45%) and gene copy number alterations (55%) was shared between the primary tumors and paired metastases. However, mutations restricted to either a given primary tumor or its metastasis, the acquisition of loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele, and clonal shifts of genes affected by somatic mutations, such as TP53 and RB1, were observed in the progression from primary tumors to metastases. No metastasis location-specific alterations were identified, but synchronous metastases showed higher concordance with the paired primary tumor than metachronous metastases. Novel potentially targetable alterations were found in the metastases relative to their matched primary tumors. These data indicate that repertoires of somatic genetic alterations in ER-negative metastatic breast cancers may differ from those of their primary tumors, even by the presence of driver and targetable somatic genetic alterations.Significance: Somatic genetic alterations in ER-negative breast cancer metastases may be distinct from those of their primary tumors, suggesting that for treatment-decision making, genetic analyses of DNA obtained from the metastatic lesion rather than from the primary tumor should be considered. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3112-21. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathleen A Burke
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel H Berman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Desai PP, Lampe JB, Bakre SA, Basha RM, Jones HP, Vishwanatha JK. Evidence-based approaches to reduce cancer health disparities: Discover, develop, deliver, and disseminate. J Carcinog 2018; 17:1. [PMID: 29643743 PMCID: PMC5883827 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Texas Center for Health Disparities (TCHD) at the University of North Texas Health Science Center is a National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities-funded, specialized center of excellence for health disparities. TCHD organized its 12th annual conference focusing on "Evidence-Based Approaches to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities: Discover, Develop, Deliver, and Disseminate." At this conference, experts in health care, biomedical sciences, and public health gathered to discuss the current status and strategies for reducing cancer health disparities. The meeting was conducted in three sessions on breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer disparities, in addition to roundtable discussions and a poster session. Each session highlighted differences in the effects of cancer, based on factors such as race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographical location. In each session, expert speakers presented their findings, and this was followed by a discussion panel made up of experts in that field and cancer survivors, who responded to questions from the audience. This article summarizes the approaches to fundamental, translational, clinical, and public health issues in cancer health disparities discussed at the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Desai
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
| | - Jana B Lampe
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
| | - Sulaimon A Bakre
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
| | - Riyaz M Basha
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
| | - Harlan P Jones
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, Texas, USA
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MYC-driven epigenetic reprogramming favors the onset of tumorigenesis by inducing a stem cell-like state. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29523784 PMCID: PMC5844884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer consists of highly heterogeneous tumors, whose cell of origin and driver oncogenes are difficult to be uniquely defined. Here we report that MYC acts as tumor reprogramming factor in mammary epithelial cells by inducing an alternative epigenetic program, which triggers loss of cell identity and activation of oncogenic pathways. Overexpression of MYC induces transcriptional repression of lineage-specifying transcription factors, causing decommissioning of luminal-specific enhancers. MYC-driven dedifferentiation supports the onset of a stem cell-like state by inducing the activation of de novo enhancers, which drive the transcriptional activation of oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the MYC-driven epigenetic reprogramming favors the formation and maintenance of tumor-initiating cells endowed with metastatic capacity. This study supports the notion that MYC-driven tumor initiation relies on cell reprogramming, which is mediated by the activation of MYC-dependent oncogenic enhancers, thus establishing a therapeutic rational for treating basal-like breast cancers.
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Schulten HJ, Bangash M, Karim S, Dallol A, Hussein D, Merdad A, Al-Thoubaity FK, Al-Maghrabi J, Jamal A, Al-Ghamdi F, Choudhry H, Baeesa SS, Chaudhary AG, Al-Qahtani MH. Comprehensive molecular biomarker identification in breast cancer brain metastases. J Transl Med 2017; 15:269. [PMID: 29287594 PMCID: PMC5747948 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) develop in about 20–30% of breast cancer (BC) patients. BCBM are associated with dismal prognosis not at least due to lack of valuable molecular therapeutic targets. The aim of the study was to identify new molecular biomarkers and targets in BCBM by using complementary state-of-the-art techniques. Methods We compared array expression profiles of three BCBM with 16 non-brain metastatic BC and 16 primary brain tumors (prBT) using a false discovery rate (FDR) p < 0.05 and fold change (FC) > 2. Biofunctional analysis was conducted on the differentially expressed probe sets. High-density arrays were employed to detect copy number variations (CNVs) and whole exome sequencing (WES) with paired-end reads of 150 bp was utilized to detect gene mutations in the three BCBM. Results The top 370 probe sets that were differentially expressed between BCBM and both BC and prBT were in the majority comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included, e.g. the coding genes BCL3, BNIP3, BNIP3P1, BRIP1, CASP14, CDC25A, DMBT1, IDH2, E2F1, MYCN, RAD51, RAD54L, and VDR. A number of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were comparably overexpressed in BCBM and included SNORA1, SNORA2A, SNORA9, SNORA10, SNORA22, SNORA24, SNORA30, SNORA37, SNORA38, SNORA52, SNORA71A, SNORA71B, SNORA71C, SNORD13P2, SNORD15A, SNORD34, SNORD35A, SNORD41, SNORD53, and SCARNA22. The top canonical pathway was entitled, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response. Network analysis revealed key nodes as Akt, ERK1/2, NFkB, and Ras in a predicted activation stage. Downregulated genes in a data set that was shared between BCBM and prBT comprised, e.g. BC cell line invasion markers JUN, MMP3, TFF1, and HAS2. Important cancer genes affected by CNVs included TP53, BRCA1, BRCA2, ERBB2, IDH1, and IDH2. WES detected numerous mutations, some of which affecting BC associated genes as CDH1, HEPACAM, and LOXHD1. Conclusions Using complementary molecular genetic techniques, this study identified shared and unshared molecular events in three highly aberrant BCBM emphasizing the challenge to detect new molecular biomarkers and targets with translational implications. Among new findings with the capacity to gain clinical relevance is the detection of overexpressed snoRNAs known to regulate some critical cellular functions as ribosome biogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1370-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dallol
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Merdad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma K Al-Thoubaity
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sriroopreddy R, Sudandiradoss C. Integrative network-based approach identifies central genetic and transcriptomic elements in triple-negative breast cancer. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:113-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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The SOX11 transcription factor is a critical regulator of basal-like breast cancer growth, invasion, and basal-like gene expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13106-21. [PMID: 26894864 PMCID: PMC4914345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are aggressive breast cancers associated with poor survival. Defining the key drivers of BLBC growth will allow identification of molecules for targeted therapy. In this study, we performed a primary screen integrating multiple assays that compare transcription factor expression and activity in BLBC and non-BLBC at the RNA, DNA, and protein levels. This integrated screen identified 33 transcription factors that were elevated in BLBC in multiple assays comparing mRNA expression, DNA cis-element sequences, or protein DNA-binding activity. In a secondary screen to identify transcription factors critical for BLBC cell growth, 8 of the 33 candidate transcription factors (TFs) were found to be necessary for growth in at least two of three BLBC cell lines. Of these 8 transcription factors, SOX11 was the only transcription factor required for BLBC growth, but not for growth of non-BLBC cells. Our studies demonstrate that SOX11 is a critical regulator of multiple BLBC phenotypes, including growth, migration, invasion, and expression of signature BLBC genes. High SOX11 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic indicator of poor survival in women with breast cancer. These results identify SOX11 as a potential target for the treatment of BLBC, the most aggressive form of breast cancer.
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PAF1 complex component Leo1 helps recruit Drosophila Myc to promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9224-E9232. [PMID: 29078288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705816114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc oncogene is a transcription factor with a powerful grip on cellular growth and proliferation. The physical interaction of Myc with the E-box DNA motif has been extensively characterized, but it is less clear whether this sequence-specific interaction is sufficient for Myc's binding to its transcriptional targets. Here we identify the PAF1 complex, and specifically its component Leo1, as a factor that helps recruit Myc to target genes. Since the PAF1 complex is typically associated with active genes, this interaction with Leo1 contributes to Myc targeting to open promoters.
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Yang A, Qin S, Schulte BA, Ethier SP, Tew KD, Wang GY. MYC Inhibition Depletes Cancer Stem-like Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6641-6650. [PMID: 28951456 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are selectively enriched in residual tumors after anticancer therapies, which may account for tumor recurrence and metastasis by regenerating new tumors. Thus, there is a critical need to develop new therapeutic agents that can effectively eliminate drug-resistant CSCs and improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Here, we report that Triptolide (C1572), a small-molecule natural product, selectively depletes CSCs in a dose-dependent fashion in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Nanomolar concentrations of C1572 markedly reduced c-MYC (MYC) protein levels via a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Silencing MYC expression phenocopied the CSC depletion effects of C1572 and induced senescence in TNBC cells. Limited dilution assays revealed that ex vivo treatment of TNBC cells with C1572 reduced CSC levels by 28-fold. In mouse xenograft models of human TNBC, administration of C1572 suppressed tumor growth and depleted CSCs in a manner correlated with diminished MYC expression in residual tumor tissues. Together, these new findings provide a preclinical proof of concept defining C1572 as a promising therapeutic agent to eradicate CSCs for drug-resistant TNBC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6641-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bradley A Schulte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gavin Y Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Myc mediates cancer stem-like cells and EMT changes in triple negative breast cancers cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183578. [PMID: 28817737 PMCID: PMC5560738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. There were several reports indicating racial disparity in breast cancer outcomes between African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. For example, the mortality rates of AA breast cancer patients were three times higher than of EA patients, even though, the incidence is lower in AA women. Our in vitro studies indicate that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) derived from AA TNBC cell lines have significantly higher self-renewal potential (mammosphere formation) than CSCs derived from EA cell lines. TNBC tumors express high levels of Myc compared to luminal A or HER2 expressing breast cancers. We studied the effects of c-Myc overexpression on CSCs and chemotherapy in AA, and EA derived TNBC cell line(s). Overexpression of c-Myc in AA derived MDA-MB-468 (Myc/MDA-468) cells resulted in a significant increase in CSCs and with minimal changes in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) compared to the control group. In contrast, overexpression of c-Myc in EA derived MDA-MB-231(Myc/MDA-231) cells led to increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with a minimal increase in CSCs compared to the control group. Myc/MDA-468 cells were resistant to standard chemotherapeutic treatments such as iniparib (PARP inhibitor) plus cisplatin, / iniparib, cisplatin, paclitaxel and docetaxel. However, Myc/MDA-231 cells, which showed EMT changes responded to iniparib with cisplatin, but were resistant to other drugs, such as iniparib, cisplatin, paclitaxel and docetaxel. Collectively, our results indicate that intrinsic differences in the tumor biology may contribute to the breast cancer disparities.
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PIM1: a promising target in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:142. [PMID: 28721678 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have poor prognosis, and chemotherapy remains the mainstay of therapy because of lack of discovered possible target. MYC were found overexpressed in TNBCs compared with other subtypes and especially in those resistant to chemotherapy, but the inhibition has been challenging to achieve. Recently, the cooperation of PIM1 and MYC was identified involved in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of TNBCs, which has been reported in hematological malignancy and prostatic cancer. Inhibition of PIM1 can promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy. Notably, PIM1-null mice develop normally and are fertile, suggesting the side effects can be tolerated. Thus, PIM1 may be a promising target in TNBCs and further investigation, both in vivo and in vitro, needs to be carried out.
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Kalkat M, De Melo J, Hickman KA, Lourenco C, Redel C, Resetca D, Tamachi A, Tu WB, Penn LZ. MYC Deregulation in Primary Human Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060151. [PMID: 28587062 PMCID: PMC5485515 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC regulates a complex biological program by transcriptionally activating and repressing its numerous target genes. As such, MYC is a master regulator of many processes, including cell cycle entry, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. In cancer, the activity of the MYC transcriptional network is frequently deregulated, contributing to the initiation and maintenance of disease. Deregulation often leads to constitutive overexpression of MYC, which can be achieved through gross genetic abnormalities, including copy number alterations, chromosomal translocations, increased enhancer activity, or through aberrant signal transduction leading to increased MYC transcription or increased MYC mRNA and protein stability. Herein, we summarize the frequency and modes of MYC deregulation and describe both well-established and more recent findings in a variety of cancer types. Notably, these studies have highlighted that with an increased appreciation for the basic mechanisms deregulating MYC in cancer, new therapeutic vulnerabilities can be discovered and potentially exploited for the inhibition of this potent oncogene in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kalkat
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Jason De Melo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Katherine Ashley Hickman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Corey Lourenco
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Cornelia Redel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Diana Resetca
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Aaliya Tamachi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - William B Tu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Murria Estal R, Palanca Suela S, de Juan Jiménez I, Alenda Gonzalez C, Egoavil Rojas C, García-Casado Z, López Guerrero JA, Juan Fita MJ, Sánchez Heras AB, Segura Huerta Á, Santaballa Bertrán A, Chirivella González I, Llop García M, Pérez Simó G, Barragán González E, Bolufer Gilabert P. Relationship of immunohistochemistry, copy number aberrations and epigenetic disorders with BRCAness pattern in hereditary and sporadic breast cancer. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:193-200. [PMID: 26723934 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-015-9864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to identify the relevance of immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy number aberrations (CNA) and epigenetic disorders in BRCAness breast cancers (BCs). We studied 95 paraffin included BCs, of which 41 carried BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations and 54 were non hereditary (BRCAX/Sporadic). Samples were assessed for BRCA1ness and CNAs by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA); promoter methylation (PM) was assessed by methylation-specific-MLPA and the expression of miR-4417, miR-423-3p, miR-590-5p and miR-187-3p by quantitative RT-PCR. IHC markers Ki67, ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR and CK18 were detected with specific primary antibodies (DAKO, Denmark). BRCAness association with covariates was performed using multivariate binary logistic regression (stepwise backwards Wald option). BRCA1/2 mutational status (p = 0.027), large tumor size (p = 0.041) and advanced histological grade (p = 0.017) among clinic-pathological variables; ER (p < 0.001) among IHC markers; MYC (p < 0.001) among CNA; APC (p = 0.065), ATM (p = 0.014) and RASSF1 (p = 0.044) among PM; and miR-590-5p (p = 0.001), miR-4417 (p = 0.019) and miR-423 (p = 0.013) among microRNA expression, were the selected parameters significantly related with the BRCAness status. The logistic regression performed with all these parameters selected ER+ as linked with the lack of BRCAness (p = 0.001) and MYC CNA, APC PM and miR-590-5p expression with BRCAness (p = 0.014, 0.045 and 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, the parameters ER expression, APC PM, MYC CNA and miR-590-5p expression, allowed detection of most BRCAness BCs. The identification of BRCAness can help establish a personalized medicine addressed to predict the response to specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Murria Estal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarai Palanca Suela
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada de Juan Jiménez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Llop García
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez Simó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Barragán González
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Bolufer Gilabert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Service of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital La Fe, Torre A 4ª planta, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell, no 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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