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Allegra A, Mirabile G, Caserta S, Stagno F, Russo S, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. Oxidative Stress and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Balance between ROS-Mediated Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38671909 PMCID: PMC11047441 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The balanced reciprocal translocation t (9; 22) (q34; q11) and the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produce p210 bcr-abl protein production with high tyrosine kinase activity, are characteristics of chronic myeloid leukemia, a myeloproliferative neoplasm. This aberrant protein affects several signaling pathways connected to both apoptosis and cell proliferation. It has been demonstrated that tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia acts by inducing oxidative stress and, depending on its level, can activate signaling pathways responsible for either apoptosis or survival in leukemic cells. Additionally, oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species generation also mediate apoptosis through genomic activation. Furthermore, it was shown that oxidative stress has a role in both BCR-ABL-independent and BCR-ABL-dependent resistance pathways to tyrosine kinases, while patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were found to have a significantly reduced antioxidant level. The ideal environment for tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is produced by a favorable oxidative status. We discuss the latest studies that aim to manipulate the redox system to alter the apoptosis of cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Mirabile
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Santino Caserta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ‘Gaetano Barresi’, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.M.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
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2
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Potenza RL, Lodeserto P, Orienti I. Fenretinide in Cancer and Neurological Disease: A Two-Face Janus Molecule. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137426. [PMID: 35806431 PMCID: PMC9266536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, several chemotherapeutic drugs have been repositioned in neurological diseases, based on common biological backgrounds and the inverse comorbidity between cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Fenretinide (all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide, 4-HPR) is a synthetic derivative of all-trans-retinoic acid initially proposed in anticancer therapy for its antitumor effects combined with limited toxicity. Subsequently, fenretinide has been proposed for other diseases, for which it was not intentionally designed for, due to its ability to influence different biological pathways, providing a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. Here, we review the most relevant preclinical and clinical findings from fenretinide and discuss its therapeutic role towards cancer and neurological diseases, highlighting the hormetic behavior of this pleiotropic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Luisa Potenza
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902389
| | - Pietro Lodeserto
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (I.O.)
| | - Isabella Orienti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (I.O.)
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Kanugovi Vijayavittal A, Kumar P, Sugunan S, Joseph C, Devaki B, Paithankar K, Amere Subbarao S. Heat shock transcription factor HSF2 modulates the autophagy response through the BTG2-SOD2 axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 600:44-50. [PMID: 35182974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock transcription factor HSF1 regulates the inducible Hsp gene transcription, whereas HSF2 is involved in the constitutive transcription. HSFs can work for the non-heat shock genes transcription in a case-specific manner to facilitate normal cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that HSF2 acts as an upstream regulator of heat shock-induced autophagy response in a rat histiocytoma. The heat-induced HSF2 transactivates the B-cell translocation gene-2 (BTG2) transcription, and the latter acts as a transcriptional coactivator for superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The altered HSF2 promoter occupancy on the BTG2 promoter enhances BTG2 transcription. Since SOD2 regulation is linked to mitochondrial redox sensing, HSF2 appears to act as a redox sensor in deciding the cell fate. The HSF2 shRNA or NFE2L2/BTG2 siRNA treatments have interfered with the autophagy response. We demonstrate that HSF2 is an upstream activator of autophagy response, and the HSF2-BTG2-SOD2 axis acts as a switch between the non-selective (micro/macro) and selective (chaperone-mediated) autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedevi Sugunan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Chitra Joseph
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Bharath Devaki
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Khanderao Paithankar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Amere Subbarao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
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5
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Féral K, Jaud M, Philippe C, Di Bella D, Pyronnet S, Rouault-Pierre K, Mazzolini L, Touriol C. ER Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Leukemia: Friend, Foe, or Both? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020199. [PMID: 33573353 PMCID: PMC7911881 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive signaling pathway triggered by a stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen compartment, which is initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins. This response, mediated by three sensors-Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1), Activating Transcription Factor 6 (ATF6), and Protein Kinase RNA-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK)—allows restoring protein homeostasis and maintaining cell survival. UPR represents a major cytoprotective signaling network for cancer cells, which frequently experience disturbed proteostasis owing to their rapid proliferation in an usually unfavorable microenvironment. Increased basal UPR also participates in the resistance of tumor cells against chemotherapy. UPR activation also occurs during hematopoiesis, and growing evidence supports the critical cytoprotective role played by ER stress in the emergence and proliferation of leukemic cells. In case of severe or prolonged stress, pro-survival UPR may however evolve into a cell death program called terminal UPR. Interestingly, a large number of studies have revealed that the induction of proapoptotic UPR can also strongly contribute to the sensitization of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Here, we review the current knowledge on the consequences of the deregulation of UPR signaling in leukemias and their implications for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Féral
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Jaud
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Philippe
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Doriana Di Bella
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Stéphane Pyronnet
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; (C.P.); (D.D.B.); (K.R.-P.)
| | - Laurent Mazzolini
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- CNRS ERL5294, CRCT, F-31037 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Touriol
- Inserm UMR1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, Oncopole entrée C, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse, France; (K.F.); (M.J.); (S.P.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, F-31000 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (C.T.)
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Hassannia B, Logie E, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vanden Berghe W. Withaferin A: From ayurvedic folk medicine to preclinical anti-cancer drug. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 173:113602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Synergy between arsenic trioxide and JQ1 on autophagy in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2019; 38:7249-7265. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Liu L, Liu J, Wang H, Zhao H, Du Y. Fenretinide targeting of human colon cancer sphere cells through cell cycle regulation and stress-responsive activities. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5339-5348. [PMID: 30250604 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the main cause of chemoresistance and the resultant low survival rate of patients with cancer. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide, known as fenretinide or 4HPR, is a synthetic derivative of all-trans-retinoic acid. It is a promising anticancer agent, has minimal side effects and synergizes with other anticancer agents to reinforce their anticancer efficacy. The present study investigated whether fenretinide eliminated colon sphere cells. HT29 and HCT116 cells incubated in low-serum culture medium were more sensitive to fenretinide treatment than those incubated in full-serum medium. Colon spheres formed in serum-free medium demonstrated stem-like characteristics. The percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) 44+ cells was significantly higher in sphere cells compared with parental cells. Sphere cells also demonstrated increased tumorigenic ability in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Fenretinide inhibited the formation of colon spheres in HT29 and HCT116 cells. Microarray, cell cycle and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that fenretinide induced genes associated with cell cycle regulation and the stress response in fenretinide-treated HT29 sphere cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate the effect of fenretinide on colon stem cells. Fenretinide was demonstrated to preferentially target colon sphere cells, which may possess certain stem-like characteristics. These results are an important addition to the current knowledge concerning fenretinide, and provide a foundation for its clinical application in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Graduate School of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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9
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Yang T, Xu Z, Liu W, Feng S, Li H, Guo M, Deng Y, Xu B. Alpha-lipoic acid reduces methylmercury-induced neuronal injury in rat cerebral cortex via antioxidation pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:931-943. [PMID: 27298056 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), an extremely dangerous environmental pollutant, accumulating preferentially in central nervous system, causes a series of cytotoxic effects. The present study explored the mechanisms which contribute to MeHg-induced neurotoxicity focusing on the oxidative stress in rat cerebral cortex. In addition, the protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a potent antioxidant on MeHg-mediated neuronal injury, was also investigated in current study. A MeHg poisoning model was established as 64 rats randomly divided into 4 groups of which saline control group, MeHg-treated groups (4 and 12 μmol kg-1 ), and LA pretreatment (35 μmol kg-1 ) group, respectively. After administration of 12 μmol kg-1 MeHg for 4 weeks, it was found that obvious pathological changes and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Meanwhile, total Hg levels elevated significantly, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were inhibited, and ROS formation elevated, which might be critical to aggravate oxidative stress in cerebral cortex. In addition, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways were activated, as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (γ-GCSh) expressions were up-regulated obviously by MeHg exposure. Moreover, activities of Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase were inhibited, leading to intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) overload. LA pre-treatment partially reduced MeHg neurotoxic effects via anti-oxidation pathways. In conclusion, these findings clearly indicated that MeHg aggravated oxidative stress and Ca2+ overload in cerebral cortex. LA possesses the ability to prevent MeHg neurotoxicity through its anti-oxidative properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 931-943, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Feng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixin Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Bis(3,5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine photodynamic therapy disrupts redox homeostasis and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42126. [PMID: 28169351 PMCID: PMC5294812 DOI: 10.1038/srep42126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically established and highly evolving treatment modality for cancer. PDT utilizes a light responsive drug called photosensitizer that selectively destroys tumor cells upon light irradiation. Squaraines are a class of dyes possessing all favorable characteristics of a photosensitizer and have been considered to be a potent candidate for next generation PDT. In this study we chose an iodo derivative of squaraine called diiodo-squaraine (bis(3, 5-diiodo-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)squaraine) which has been reported for its tumor specificity but least studied for its cellular and molecular functions. Our studies revealed that the iodo derivative of squaraine possess maximum photodynamic activity in human breast cancer cells MDA- MB- 231 and had very little cytotoxicity in normal breast cells MCF-10A. We analyzed its pro and anti-apoptotic events initiated by oxidative stress exploring a proteomic approach and delineated other critical molecular pathways and key proteins involved in regulating the complex network of cellular response upon PDT. Our study showed that, diiodo- squaraines predominantly accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our study also reveals the novel mechanistic role of diiodo-squaraines to induce oxidative stress there by activating both protective and death inducing pathways post PDT.
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Zhang C, Li C, Xu Y, Feng L, Shang D, Yang X, Han J, Sun Z, Li Y, Li X. Integrative analysis of lung development-cancer expression associations reveals the roles of signatures with inverse expression patterns. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:1271-84. [PMID: 25720795 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00061k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have focused on exploring the associations between organ development and malignant tumors; however, the clinical relevance of the development signatures was inadequately addressed in lung cancer. In this study, we explored the associations between lung development and lung cancer progression by analyzing a total of two development and seven cancer datasets. We identified representative expression patterns (continuously up- and down-regulated) from development and cancer profiles, and inverse pattern associations were observed at both the gene and functional levels. Furthermore, we dissected the biological processes dominating the associations, and found that proliferation and immunity were respectively involved in the two inverse development-cancer expression patterns. Through sub-pathway analysis of the signatures with inverse expression patterns, we finally identified a 13-gene risk signature from the cell cycle sub-pathway, and evaluated its predictive performance for lung cancer patient clinical outcome using independent cohorts. Our findings indicated that the integrative analysis of development and cancer expression patterns provided a framework for identifying effective molecular signatures for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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12
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Lee JH, Lee YK, Lim JJ, Byun HO, Park I, Kim GH, Xu WG, Wang HJ, Yoon G. Mitochondrial Respiratory Dysfunction Induces Claudin-1 Expression via Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Heat Shock Factor 1 Activation, Leading to Hepatoma Cell Invasiveness. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21421-31. [PMID: 26157141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in tumor metastasis, it is unclear how it regulates tumor cell aggressiveness. We have reported previously that human hepatoma cells harboring mitochondrial defects have high tumor cell invasion activity via increased claudin-1 (Cln-1) expression. In this study, we demonstrated that mitochondrial respiratory defects induced Cln-1 transcription via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) activation, which contributed to hepatoma invasiveness. We first confirmed the inverse relationship between mitochondrial defects and Cln-1 induction in SNU hepatoma cells and hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. We then examined five different respiratory complex inhibitors, and complex I inhibition by rotenone most effectively induced Cln-1 at the transcriptional level. Rotenone increased both mitochondrial and cytosolic ROS. In addition, rotenone-induced Cln-1 expression was attenuated by N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, and exogenous H2O2 treatment was enough to increase Cln-1 transcription, implying the involvement of ROS. Next we found that ROS-mediated HSF1 activation via hyperphosphorylation was the key event for Cln-1 transcription. Moreover, the Cln-1 promoter region (from -529 to +53) possesses several HSF1 binding elements, and this region showed increased promoter activity and HSF1 binding affinity in response to rotenone treatment. Finally, we demonstrated that the invasion activity of SNU449 cells, which harbor mitochondrial defects, was blocked by siRNA-mediated HSF1 knockdown. Taken together, these results indicate that mitochondrial respiratory defects enhance Cln-1-mediated hepatoma cell invasiveness via mitochondrial ROS-mediated HSF1 activation, presenting a potential role for HSF1 as a novel mitochondrial retrograde signal-responsive transcription factor to control hepatoma cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Lee
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Young-Kyoung Lee
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Jin J Lim
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Hae-Ok Byun
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Imkyong Park
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Hyeon Kim
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Wei Guang Xu
- Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-380, Korea and
| | - Hee-Jung Wang
- Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-380, Korea and
| | - Gyesoon Yoon
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and the Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
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Han BB, Li S, Tong M, Holpuch AS, Spinney R, Wang D, Border MB, Liu Z, Sarode S, Pei P, Schwendeman SP, Mallery SR. Fenretinide Perturbs Focal Adhesion Kinase in Premalignant and Malignant Human Oral Keratinocytes. Fenretinide's Chemopreventive Mechanisms Include ECM Interactions. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:419-30. [PMID: 25712051 PMCID: PMC4417376 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The membrane-associated protein, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), modulates cell-extracellular matrix interactions and also conveys prosurvival and proliferative signals. Notably, increased intraepithelial FAK levels accompany transformation of premalignant oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OIN chemoprevention is a patient-centric, optimal strategy to prevent OSCC's comorbidities and mortality. The cancer chemopreventive and synthetic vitamin A derivative, fenretinide, has demonstrated protein-binding capacities, for example, mTOR- and retinol-binding protein interactions. These studies used a continuum of human oral keratinocytes (normal-HPV E6/E7-transduced-OSCC) to assess potential fenretinide-FAK drug protein interactions and functional consequences on cellular growth regulation and motility. Molecular modeling studies demonstrated that fenretinide has approximately 200-fold greater binding affinity relative to the natural ligand (ATP) at FAK's kinase domain. Fenretinide also shows intermediate binding at FAK's FERM domain and interacts at the ATP-binding site of the closest FAK analogue, PYK2. Fenretinide significantly suppressed proliferation via induction of apoptosis and G2-M cell-cycle blockade. Fenretinide-treated cells also demonstrated F-actin disruption, significant inhibition of both directed migration and invasion of a synthetic basement membrane, and decreased phosphorylation of growth-promoting kinases. A commercially available FAK inhibitor did not suppress cell invasion. Notably, although FAK's FERM domain directs cell invasion, FAK inhibitors target the kinase domain. In addition, FAK-specific siRNA-treated cells showed an intermediate cell migration capacity; data which suggest cocontribution of the established migrating-enhancing PYK2. Our data imply that fenretinide is uniquely capable of disrupting FAK's and PYK2's prosurvival and mobility-enhancing effects and further extend fenretinide's chemopreventive contributions beyond induction of apoptosis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungdo B Han
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Suyang Li
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meng Tong
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andrew S Holpuch
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Spinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daren Wang
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael B Border
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Zhongfa Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sachin Sarode
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ping Pei
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Susan R Mallery
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Radiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer, Columbus, Ohio.
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Chowdhury SR, Sengupta S, Biswas S, Sen R, Sinha TK, Basak RK, Adhikari B, Bhattacharyya A. Low fucose containing bacterial polysaccharide facilitate mitochondria-dependent ROS-induced apoptosis of human lung epithelial carcinoma via controlled regulation of MAPKs-mediated Nrf2/Keap1 homeostasis signaling. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1636-55. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Roy Chowdhury
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur WB India
- Department of Zoology; Immunology Lab; University of Calcutta; Kolkata WB India
| | - Suman Sengupta
- Department of Zoology; Immunology Lab; University of Calcutta; Kolkata WB India
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Zoology; Immunology Lab; University of Calcutta; Kolkata WB India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur WB India
| | - Tridib Kumar Sinha
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur WB India
| | - Ratan Kumar Basak
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur WB India
| | - Basudam Adhikari
- Materials Science Centre; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; Kharagpur WB India
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15
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Wang T, Diaz AJG, Yen Y. The role of peroxiredoxin II in chemoresistance of breast cancer cells. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2014; 6:73-80. [PMID: 24976757 PMCID: PMC4041024 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s61281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx)II belongs to a family of redox-active proteins that use redox-sensitive cysteine in the active site to reduce peroxides. PrxII is induced by various oxidative stimuli and plays an important protective role against oxidative radical damage by reactive oxygen species. PrxII expression levels are correlated with resistance to radiation therapy or certain anti-cancer drugs in radioresistant breast cancer cells, glioblastomas, and head and neck cancer cells as well as in tissue isolated from head and neck patients who do not respond to radiation therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) that inhibits the PrxII gene expression has been shown to partially reverse the radioresistant phenotype in radiation resistant breast cancer cells and sensitizes glioma cells to oxidative stress, highlighting the potential clinical importance of PrxII in radiation resistance in cancer. This article focuses on the role that PrxII may play in chemoresistant breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieli Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Joseph Gomez Diaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Yun Yen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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16
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Liu W, Xu Z, Yang T, Deng Y, Xu B, Feng S, Li Y. The protective role of tea polyphenols against methylmercury-induced neurotoxic effects in rat cerebral cortex via inhibition of oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:849-63. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.916039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Du Y, Xia Y, Pan X, Chen Z, Wang A, Wang K, Li J, Zhang J. Fenretinide targets chronic myeloid leukemia stem/progenitor cells by regulation of redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1866-80. [PMID: 24021153 PMCID: PMC3967369 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have recently shown that fenretinide preferentially targets CD34(+) cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and here, we test whether this agent exerts the effect on CD34(+) cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), which are refractory to imatinib. RESULTS As tested by colony-forming cell assays using clinical specimens, both number and size of total colonies derived from CD34(+) CML cells were significantly reduced by fenretinide, and by combining fenretinide with imatinib. In particular, colonies derived from erythroid progenitors and more primitive pluripotent/multipotent progenitors were highly sensitive to fenretinide/fenretinide plus imatinib. Accordantly, fenretinide appeared to induce apoptosis in CD34(+) CML cells, particularly with regard to the cells in the subpopulation of CD34(+)CD38(-). Through cell quiescent assays, including Ki-67 negativity test, we added evidence that nonproliferative CD34(+) CML cells were largely eliminated by fenretinide. Transcriptome and molecular data further showed that mechanisms underlying the apoptosis in CD34(+) CML cells were highly complex, involving multiple events of oxidative stress responses. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION As compared with CD34(+) AML cells, the apoptotic effects of fenretinide on CD34(+) CML cells were more prominent whereas less varied among the samples of different patients, and also various stress-responsive events appeared to be more robust in fenretinide-treated CD34(+) CML cells. Thus, the combination of fenretinide with imatinib may represent a more sophisticated strategy for CML treatment, in which imatinib mainly targets leukemic blast cells through the intrinsic pathway of apopotosis, whereas fenretinide primarily targets CML stem/progenitor cells through the oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Du
- 1 Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM) , Shanghai, China
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18
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Ovarian and breast cancer spheres are similar in transcriptomic features and sensitive to fenretinide. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:510905. [PMID: 24222909 PMCID: PMC3816214 DOI: 10.1155/2013/510905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy and are ability to regenerate cancer cell populations, thus attracting much attention in cancer research. In this report, we first demonstrated that sphere cells from ovarian cancer cell line A2780 shared many features of CSCs, such as resistance to cisplatin and able to initiate tumors in an efficient manner. Then, we conducted cDNA microarray analysis on spheres from ovarian A2780 cells, and from breast MCF7 and SUM159 cells, and found that molecular pathways underlying spheres from these cancer cell lines were similar to a large extent, suggesting that similar mechanisms are involved in the genesis of CSCs in both ovarian and breast cancer types. In addition, we showed that spheres from these cancer types were highly sensitive to fenretinide, a stimulus of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. Thus, our results not only provide important insights into mechanisms underlying CSCs in ovarian and breast cancer, but also lead to the development of more sophisticated protocols of cancer therapy in near future.
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19
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Lin YS, Lin CH, Huang LD, Chao T, Kuo CD, Hung LC, Wong FH, Lin CC, Fu SL. The suppression of thoc1 in cancer cell apoptosis mediated by activated macrophages is nitric oxide-dependent. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:242-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Preferential eradication of acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells by fenretinide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5606-11. [PMID: 23513221 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302352110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play important roles in leukemia initiation, progression, and relapse, and thus represent a critical target for therapeutic intervention. However, relatively few agents have been shown to target LSCs, slowing progress in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Based on in vitro and in vivo evidence, we report here that fenretinide, a well-tolerated vitamin A derivative, is capable of eradicating LSCs but not normal hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells at physiologically achievable concentrations. Fenretinide exerted a selective cytotoxic effect on primary AML CD34(+) cells, especially the LSC-enriched CD34(+)CD38(-) subpopulation, whereas no significant effect was observed on normal counterparts. Methylcellulose colony formation assays further showed that fenretinide significantly suppressed the formation of colonies derived from AML CD34(+) cells but not those from normal CD34(+) cells. Moreover, fenretinide significantly reduced the in vivo engraftment of AML stem cells but not normal hematopoietic stem cells in a nonobese diabetic/SCID mouse xenotransplantation model. Mechanistic studies revealed that fenretinide-induced cell death was linked to a series of characteristic events, including the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species, induction of genes associated with stress responses and apoptosis, and repression of genes involved in NF-κB and Wnt signaling. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that the fenretinide-down-regulated genes were significantly correlated with the existing poor-prognosis signatures in AML patients. Based on these findings, we propose that fenretinide is a potent agent that selectively targets LSCs, and may be of value in the treatment of AML.
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21
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Apraiz A, Idkowiak-Baldys J, Nieto-Rementería N, Boyano MD, Hannun YA, Asumendi A. Dihydroceramide accumulation and reactive oxygen species are distinct and nonessential events in 4-HPR-mediated leukemia cell death. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:209-23. [PMID: 22428532 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
4-(Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid with a strong apoptotic effect towards different cancer cell lines in vitro, and it is currently tested in clinical trials. Increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulation of endogenous sphingolipid levels are well-described events observed upon 4-HPR treatment, but there is still a lack of understanding of their relationship and their contribution to cell death. LC-MS analysis of sphingolipids revealed that in human leukemia CCRF-CEM and Jurkat cells, 4-HPR induced dihydroceramide but not ceramide accumulation even at sublethal concentrations. Myriocin prevented the 4-HPR-induced dihydroceramide accumulation, but it did not prevent the loss of viability and increase of intracellular ROS production. On the other hand, ascorbic acid, Trolox, and vitamin E reversed 4-HPR effects on cell death but not dihydroceramide accumulation. NDGA, described as a lipoxygenase inhibitor, exerted a significantly higher antioxidant activity than vitamin E and abrogated 4-HPR-mediated ROS. It did not however rescue cellular viability. Taken together, this study demonstrates that early changes observed upon 4-HPR treatment, i.e., sphingolipid modulation and ROS production, are mechanistically independent events. Furthermore, the results indicate that 4-HPR-driven cell death may occur even in the absence of dihydroceramide or ROS accumulation. These observations should be taken into account for an improved design of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aintzane Apraiz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.
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22
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Zhang Y, Du Y, Le W, Wang K, Kieffer N, Zhang J. Redox control of the survival of healthy and diseased cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2867-908. [PMID: 21457107 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Cellular redox homeostasis is the first line of defense against diverse stimuli and is crucial for various biological processes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), byproducts of numerous cellular events, may serve in turn as signaling molecules to regulate cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, when overproduced ROS fail to be scavenged by the antioxidant system, they may damage cellular components, giving rise to senescent, degenerative, or fatal lesions in cells. Accordingly, this review not only covers general mechanisms of ROS production under different conditions, but also focuses on various types of ROS-involved diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. In addition, potentially therapeutic agents and approaches are reviewed in a relatively comprehensive manner. However, due to the complexity of ROS and their cellular impacts, we believe that the goal to design more effective approaches or agents may require a better understanding of mechanisms of ROS production, particularly their multifaceted impacts in disease at biochemical, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic levels. Thus, it requires additional tools of omics in systems biology to achieve such a goal. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 15, 2867-2908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
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23
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Smith DG, Magwere T, Burchill SA. Oxidative stress and therapeutic opportunities: focus on the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2011; 11:229-49. [PMID: 21342042 DOI: 10.1586/era.10.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive by-products of energy production that can have detrimental as well as beneficial effects. Unchecked, high levels of ROS result in an imbalance of cellular redox state and oxidative stress. High levels of ROS have been detected in most cancers, where they promote tumor development and progression. Many anticancer agents work by further increasing cellular levels of ROS, to overcome the antioxidant detoxification capacity of the cancer cell and induce cell death. However, adaptation of the level of cellular antioxidants can lead to drug resistance. The challenge for the design of effective cancer therapeutics exploiting oxidative stress is to tip the cellular redox balance to induce ROS-dependent cell death but without increasing the antioxidant activity of the cancer cell or inducing toxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Smith
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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24
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Fang H, Jin W, Yang Y, Jin Y, Zhang J, Wang K. An organogenesis network-based comparative transcriptome analysis for understanding early human development in vivo and in vitro. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2011; 5:108. [PMID: 21733158 PMCID: PMC3141417 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Integrated networks hold great promise in a variety of contexts. In a recent study, we have combined expression and interaction data to identify a putative network underlying early human organogenesis that contains two modules, the stemness-relevant module (hStemModule) and the differentiation-relevant module (hDiffModule). However, owing to its hypothetical nature, it remains unclear whether this network allows for comparative transcriptome analysis to advance our understanding of early human development, both in vivo and in vitro. Results Based on this integrated network, we here report comparisons with the context-dependent transcriptome data from a variety of sources. By viewing the network and its two modules as gene sets and conducting gene set enrichment analysis, we demonstrate the network's utility as a quantitative monitor of the stem potential versus the differentiation potential. During early human organogenesis, the hStemModule reflects the generality of a gradual loss of the stem potential. The hDiffModule indicates the stage-specific differentiation potential and is therefore not suitable for depicting an extended developmental window. Processing of cultured cells of different types further revealed that the hStemModule is a general indicator that distinguishes different cell types in terms of their stem potential. In contrast, the hDiffModule cannot distinguish between differentiated cells of different types but is able to predict differences in the differentiation potential of pluripotent cells of different origins. We also observed a significant positive correlation between each of these two modules and early embryoid bodies (EBs), which are used as in vitro differentiation models. Despite this, the network-oriented comparisons showed considerable differences between the developing embryos and the EBs that were cultured in vitro over time to try to mimic in vivo processes. Conclusions We strongly recommend the use of these two modules either when pluripotent cell types of different origins are involved or when the comparisons made are constrained to the in vivo embryos during early human organogenesis (and an equivalent in vitro differentiation models). Network-based comparative transcriptome analysis will contribute to an increase in knowledge about human embryogenesis, particularly when only transcriptome data are currently available. These advances will add an extra dimension to network applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ruijin Rd, II, Shanghai 200025, China
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25
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Fang H, Du Y, Xia L, Li J, Zhang J, Wang K. A topology-preserving selection and clustering approach to multidimensional biological data. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:483-94. [PMID: 21699401 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multidimensional genome-wide data (e.g., gene expression microarray data) provide rich information and widespread applications in integrative biology. However, little attention has been paid to the inherent relationships within these natural data. By simply viewing multidimensional microarray data scattered over hyperspace, the spatial properties (topological structure) of the data clouds may reveal the underlying relationships. Based on this idea, we herein make analytical improvements by introducing a topology-preserving selection and clustering (TPSC) approach to complex large-scale microarray data. Specifically, the integration of self-organizing map (SOM) and singular value decomposition allows genome-wide selection on sound foundations of statistical inference. Moreover, this approach is complemented with an SOM-based two-phase gene clustering procedure, allowing the topology-preserving identification of gene clusters. These gene clusters with highly similar expression patterns can facilitate many aspects of biological interpretations in terms of functional and regulatory relevance. As demonstrated by processing large and complex datasets of the human cell cycle, stress responses, and host cell responses to pathogen infection, our proposed method can yield better characteristic features from the whole datasets compared to conventional routines. We hence conclude that the topology-preserving selection and clustering without a priori assumption on data structure allow the in-depth mining of biological information in a more accurate and unbiased manner. A Web server ( http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/∼hfang/TPSC ) hosting a MATLAB package that implements the methodology is freely available to both academic and nonacademic users. These advances will expand the scope of omics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), People's Republic of China
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26
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Stępkowski TM, Kruszewski MK. Molecular cross-talk between the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway, autophagy, and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1186-95. [PMID: 21295136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, perturbations in the cellular thiol level and redox balance, affects many cellular functions, including signaling pathways. This, in turn, may cause the induction of autophagy or apoptosis. The NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway is the main pathway responsible for cell defense against oxidative stress and maintaining the cellular redox balance at physiological levels. The relation between NRF2/KEAP1 signaling and regulation of apoptosis and autophagy is not well understood. In this hypothesis article we discuss how KEAP1 protein and its direct interactants (such as PGAM5, prothymosin α, FAC1 (BPTF), and p62) provide a molecular foundation for a possible cross-talk between NRF2/KEAP1, apoptosis, and autophagy pathways. We present a hypothesis for how NRF2/KEAP1 may interfere with the cellular apoptosis-regulatory machinery through activation of the ASK1 kinase by a KEAP1 binding partner-PGAM5. Based on very recent experimental evidence, new hypotheses for a cross-talk between NF-κB and the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway in the context of autophagy-related "molecular hub" protein p62 are also presented. The roles of KEAP1 molecular binding partners in apoptosis regulation during carcinogenesis and in neurodegenerative diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M Stępkowski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Center for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Muscarella LA, Barbano R, D'Angelo V, Copetti M, Coco M, Balsamo T, la Torre A, Notarangelo A, Troiano M, Parisi S, Icolaro N, Catapano D, Valori VM, Pellegrini F, Merla G, Carella M, Fazio VM, Parrella P. Regulation of KEAP1 expression by promoter methylation in malignant gliomas and association with patient's outcome. Epigenetics 2011; 6:317-25. [PMID: 21173573 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.3.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In light with the view that KEAP1 loss of function may impact tumour behavior and modify response to chemotherapeutical agents, we sought to determine whether KEAP1 gene is epigenetically regulated in malignant gliomas. We developed a Quantitative Methylation Specific PCR (QMSP) assay to analyze 86 malignant gliomas and 20 normal brain tissues. The discriminatory power of the assay was assessed by Receiving Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The AUC value of the curve was 0.823 (95%CI: 0.764-0.883) with an optimal cut off value of 0.133 yielding a 74% sensitivity (95%CI: 63%-82%) and an 85% specificity (95%CI: 64%-95%). Bisulfite sequencing analysis confirmed QMSP results and demonstrated a direct correlation between percentage of methylated CpGs and methylation levels (Spearman's Rho 0.929, P=0.003). Remarkably, a strong inverse correlation was observed between methylation levels and KEAP1 mRNA transcript in tumour tissue (Spearman's Rho -0.656 P=0.0001) and in a cell line before and after treatment with 5-azacytidine (P=0.003). RECPAM multivariate statistical analysis studying the interaction between MGMT and KEAP1 methylation in subjects treated with radiotherapy and temozolomide (n=70), identified three prognostic classes of glioma patients at different risk to progress. While simultaneous methylation of MGMT and KEAP1 promoters was associated with the lowest risk to progress, patients showing only MGMT methylation were the subgroup at the higher risk (HR 5.54, 95% CI 1.35-22.74). Our results further suggest that KEAP1 expression is epigenetically regulated. In addition we demonstrated that KEAP1 is frequently methylated in malignant gliomas and a predictor of patient's outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Anna Muscarella
- Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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28
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Singh S, Vrishni S, Singh BK, Rahman I, Kakkar P. Nrf2-ARE stress response mechanism: a control point in oxidative stress-mediated dysfunctions and chronic inflammatory diseases. Free Radic Res 2011; 44:1267-88. [PMID: 20815789 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.507670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2, a redox sensitive transcription factor, plays a pivotal role in redox homeostasis during oxidative stress. Nrf2 is sequestered in cytosol by an inhibitory protein Keap1 which causes its proteasomal degradation. In response to electrophilic and oxidative stress, Nrf2 is activated, translocates to nucleus, binds to antioxidant response element (ARE), thus upregulates a battery of antioxidant and detoxifying genes. This function of Nrf2 can be significant in the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and pulmonary complications, where oxidative stress causes Nrf2 derangement. Nrf2 upregulating potential of phytochemicals has been explored, in facilitating cure for various ailments while, in cancer cells, Nrf2 upregulation causes chemoresistance. Therefore, Nrf2 emerges as a key regulator in oxidative stress-mediated diseases and Nrf2 silencing can open avenues in cancer treatment. This review summarizes Nrf2-ARE stress response mechanism and its role as a control point in oxidative stress-induced cellular dysfunctions including chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Singh
- Herbal Research Section, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CSIR, PO Box-80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Raja SM, Clubb RJ, Ortega-Cava C, Williams SH, Bailey TA, Duan L, Zhao X, Reddi AL, Nyong AM, Natarajan A, Band V, Band H. Anticancer activity of Celastrol in combination with ErbB2-targeted therapeutics for treatment of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:263-76. [PMID: 21088503 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.2.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 is overexpressed in up to a third of breast cancers, allowing targeted therapy with ErbB2-directed humanized antibodies such as Trastuzumab. Concurrent targeting of ErbB2 stability with HSP90 inhibitors is synergistic with Trastuzumab, suggesting that pharmacological agents that can inhibit HSP90 as well as signaling pathways activated by ErbB2 could be useful against ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. The triterpene natural product Celastrol inhibits HSP90 and several pathways relevant to ErbB2-dependent oncogenesis including the NFκB pathway and the proteasome, and has shown promising activity in other cancer models. Here, we demonstrate that Celastrol exhibits in vitro antitumor activity against a panel of human breast cancer cell lines with selectivity towards those overexpressing ErbB2. Celastrol strongly synergized with ErbB2-targeted therapeutics Trastuzumab and Lapatinib, producing higher cytotoxicity with substantially lower doses of Celastrol. Celastrol significantly retarded the rate of growth of ErbB2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model with only minor systemic toxicity. Mechanistically, Celastrol not only induced the expected ubiquitinylation and degradation of ErbB2 and other HSP90 client proteins, but it also increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our studies show that the Michael Acceptor functionality in Celastrol is important for its ability to destabilize ErbB2 and exert its bioactivity against ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. These studies suggest the potential use of Michael acceptor-containing molecules as novel therapeutic modalities against ErbB2-driven breast cancer by targeting multiple biological attributes of the driver oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikumar M Raja
- Department of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare Research Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Jiang L, Pan X, Chen Y, Wang K, Du Y, Zhang J. Preferential involvement of both ROS and ceramide in fenretinide-induced apoptosis of HL60 rather than NB4 and U937 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:314-8. [PMID: 21237137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Leukemic cells responding to apoptosis-inducing drugs can be varied in terms of the mechanisms of action. Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid, is worth of study as a promising candidate for apoptosis-based therapy of leukemia. Yet, it remains unclear whether this drug exerts the similar mechanisms on different leukemic cells. Here, we report a comparative analysis of fenretinide-induced apoptosis in three acute myeloid leukemic (AML) cell lines including HL60, NB4 and U937. Through a series of antagonist assays, we revealed similarities and differences of mechanisms involved in these three cell lines. Antioxidant vitamin C completely abrogated fenretinide-induced apoptosis in all cell lines, demonstrating that ROS is an essential and common mediator. However, the apoptotic effects of fenretinide could be blocked by ceramide synthase inhibitor fumonisin B1 only in HL60 rather than the other two. Moreover, fumonisin B1 was unable to inhibit the generation of ROS in fenretinide-treated HL60 cells, indicating that ROS may function as upstream stimulus of ceramide-mediated apoptosis. These comparative results strongly suggest that the apoptotic response induced by fenretinide in HL60 involves both ROS and ceramide, whereas drug-induced apoptosis in NB4 and U937 requires ROS but is independent of ceramide. Differentiated modes of action exerting on AML may guide the use of this apoptosis-inducing drug, and hence advance our knowledge about the nature of cancer-specific responses to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China
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Fang H, Yang Y, Li C, Fu S, Yang Z, Jin G, Wang K, Zhang J, Jin Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Early Organogenesis in Human Embryos. Dev Cell 2010; 19:174-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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