1
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Gauvrit S, Zhao S, Rothbauer U, Stainier DYR. A β-catenin chromobody-based probe highlights endothelial maturation during vascular morphogenesis in vivo. Development 2024; 151:dev202122. [PMID: 38847494 PMCID: PMC11190570 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Visualization of protein dynamics is a crucial step in understanding cellular processes. Chromobodies, fluorescently labelled single-domain antibodies, have emerged as versatile probes for live cell imaging of endogenous proteins. However, how these chromobodies behave in vivo and how accurately they monitor tissue changes remain poorly explored. Here, we generated an endothelial-specific β-catenin chromobody-derived probe and analyzed its expression pattern during cardiovascular development in zebrafish. Using high-resolution confocal imaging, we show that the chromobody signal correlates with the localization of β-catenin in the nucleus and at cell-cell junctions, and thereby can be used to assess endothelial maturation. Loss of Cadherin 5 strongly affects the localization of the chromobody at the cell membrane, confirming the cadherin-based adherens junction role of β-catenin. Furthermore, using a genetic model to block blood flow, we observed that cell junctions are compromised in most endothelial cells but not in the endocardium, highlighting the heterogeneous response of the endothelium to the lack of blood flow. Overall, our data further expand the use of chromobodies for in vivo applications and illustrate their potential to monitor tissue morphogenesis at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gauvrit
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) ‘Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Maltabe VA, Melidoni AN, Beis D, Kokkinopoulos I, Paschalidis N, Kouklis P. VE-CADHERIN is expressed transiently in early ISL1 + cardiovascular progenitor cells and facilitates cardiac differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1827-1840. [PMID: 37541259 PMCID: PMC10545488 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) provide adhesive properties through cadherins and associated cytoplasmic catenins and participate in morphogenetic processes. We examined AJs formed between ISL1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro and in mouse embryogenesis in vivo. We found that, in addition to N-CADHERIN, a percentage of ISL1+ cells transiently formed vascular endothelial (VE)-CADHERIN-mediated AJs during in vitro differentiation on days 4 and 5, and the same pattern was observed in vivo. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis extended morphological data showing that VE-CADHERIN+/ISL1+ cells constitute a significant percentage of cardiac progenitors on days 4 and 5. The VE-CADHERIN+/ISL1+ cell population represented one-third of the emerging FLK1+/PDGFRa+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) for a restricted time window (days 4-6). Ablation of VE-CADHERIN during ESC differentiation results in severe inhibition of cardiac differentiation. Disruption of all classic cadherins in the VE-CADHERIN+ population via a cadherin dominant-negative mutant's expression resulted in a dramatic decrease in the ISL1+ population and inhibition of cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta A Maltabe
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Division of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna N Melidoni
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Center for Experimental Surgery Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 11527 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Developmental Biology and Immunobiology Laboratories, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery, and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Paschalidis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Kouklis
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece; Division of Biomedical Research, Foundation for Research and Technology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Ioannina, Greece.
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3
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Singleman C, Holtzman NG. PCB and TCDD derived embryonic cardiac defects result from a novel AhR pathway. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 233:105794. [PMID: 33662880 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are environmental contaminants known to impact cardiac development, a key step in the embryonic development of most animals. To date, little is understood of the molecular mechanism driving the observed cardiac defects in exposed fishes. The literature shows PCB & TCDD derived cardiac defects are concurrent with, but not caused by, expression of cyp1A, due to activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) gene activation pathway. However, in this study, detailed visualization of fish hearts exposed to PCBs and TCDD show that, in addition to a failure of cardiac looping in early heart development, the inner endocardial lining of the heart fails to maintain proper cell adhesion and tissue integrity. The resulting gap between the endocardium and myocardium in both zebrafish and Atlantic sturgeon suggested functional faults in endothelial adherens junction formation. Thus, we explored the molecular mechanism triggering cardiac defects using immunohistochemistry to identify the location and phosphorylation state of key regulatory and adhesion molecules. We hypothesized that PCB and TCDD activates AhR, phosphorylating Src, which then phosphorylates the endothelial adherens junction protein, VEcadherin. When phosphorylated, VEcadherin dimers, found in the endocardium and vasculature, separate, reducing tissue integrity. In zebrafish, treatment with PCB and TCDD contaminants leads to higher phosphorylation of VEcadherin in cardiac tissue suggesting that these cells have reduced connectivity. Small molecule inhibition of Src phosphorylation prevents contaminant stimulated phosphorylation of VEcadherin and rescues both cardiac function and gross morphology. Atlantic sturgeon hearts show parallels to contaminant exposed zebrafish cardiac phenotype at the tissue level. These data suggest that the mechanism for PCB and TCDD action in the heart is, in part, distinct from the canonical mechanism described in the literature and that cardiac defects are impacted by this nongenomic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Singleman
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens NY 11367-1597, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nathalia G Holtzman
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Queens NY 11367-1597, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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4
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Martini D, Pucci C, Gabellini C, Pellegrino M, Andreazzoli M. Exposure to the natural alkaloid Berberine affects cardiovascular system morphogenesis and functionality during zebrafish development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17358. [PMID: 33060638 PMCID: PMC7566475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant-derived natural alkaloid berberine displays therapeutic potential to treat several pathological conditions, including dyslipidemias, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. However, data on berberine effects during embryonic development are scarce and in part controversial. In this study, using zebrafish embryos as vertebrate experimental model, we address the effects of berberine treatment on cardiovascular system development and functionality. Starting from the observation that berberine induces developmental toxicity and pericardial edema in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, we found that treated embryos display cardiac looping defects and, at later stages, present an abnormal heart characterized by a stretched morphology and atrial endocardial/myocardial detachment. Furthermore, berberine affected cardiac functionality of the embryos, promoting bradycardia and reducing the cardiac output, the atrial shortening fraction percentage and the atrial stroke volume. We also found that, during development, berberine interferes with the angiogenic process, without altering vascular permeability. These alterations are associated with increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor aa (vegfaa) mRNA, suggesting an important role for Vegfaa as mediator of berberine-induced cardiovascular defects. Altogether, these data indicate that berberine treatment during vertebrate development leads to an impairment of cardiovascular system morphogenesis and functionality, suggesting a note of caution in its use during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martini
- Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pucci
- Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero, 56127, Pisa, Italy.,Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Pellegrino
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Andreazzoli
- Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero, 56127, Pisa, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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5
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Biomechanical signaling within the developing zebrafish heart attunes endocardial growth to myocardial chamber dimensions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4113. [PMID: 31511517 PMCID: PMC6739419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-organ communication guides morphogenetic processes that are essential for an organ to carry out complex physiological functions. In the heart, the growth of the myocardium is tightly coupled to that of the endocardium, a specialized endothelial tissue that lines its interior. Several molecular pathways have been implicated in the communication between these tissues including secreted factors, components of the extracellular matrix, or proteins involved in cell-cell communication. Yet, it is unknown how the growth of the endocardium is coordinated with that of the myocardium. Here, we show that an increased expansion of the myocardial atrial chamber volume generates higher junctional forces within endocardial cells. This leads to biomechanical signaling involving VE-cadherin, triggering nuclear localization of the Hippo pathway transcriptional regulator Yap1 and endocardial proliferation. Our work suggests that the growth of the endocardium results from myocardial chamber volume expansion and ends when the tension on the tissue is relaxed. It is unknown how endocardium growth is coordinated with that of the myocardium in the zebrafish. Here, the authors show that myocardial chamber volume expansion causes increased endocardial tissue tension, which in turn triggers Hippo signaling-mediated proliferation within the endocardium.
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6
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Berrun A, Harris E, Stachura DL. Isthmin 1 (ism1) is required for normal hematopoiesis in developing zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196872. [PMID: 29758043 PMCID: PMC5951578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an essential and highly regulated biological process that begins with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In healthy organisms, HSCs are responsible for generating a multitude of mature blood cells every day, yet the molecular pathways that instruct HSCs to self-renew and differentiate into post-mitotic blood cells are not fully known. To understand these molecular pathways, we investigated novel genes expressed in hematopoietic-supportive cell lines from the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a model system increasingly utilized to uncover molecular pathways important in the development of other vertebrate species. We performed RNA sequencing of the transcriptome of three stromal cell lines derived from different stages of embryonic and adult zebrafish and identified hundreds of highly expressed transcripts. For our studies, we focused on isthmin 1 (ism1) due to its shared synteny with its human gene ortholog and because it is a secreted protein. To characterize ism1, we performed loss-of-function experiments to identify if mature blood cell production was disrupted. Myeloid and erythroid lineages were visualized and scored with transgenic zebrafish expressing lineage-specific markers. ism1 knockdown led to reduced numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and erythrocytes. Analysis of clonal methylcellulose assays from ism1 morphants also showed a reduction in total hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overall, we demonstrate that ism1 is required for normal generation of HSPCs and their downstream progeny during zebrafish hematopoiesis. Further investigation into ism1 and its importance in hematopoiesis may elucidate evolutionarily conserved processes in blood formation that can be further investigated for potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Berrun
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - Elena Harris
- Department of Computer Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
| | - David L Stachura
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Chico, Chico, CA, United States of America
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7
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Dual Roles of Fer Kinase Are Required for Proper Hematopoiesis and Vascular Endothelium Organization during Zebrafish Development. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6040040. [PMID: 29168762 PMCID: PMC5745445 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fer kinase, a protein involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and proliferation, has been shown to be required during invertebrate development and has been implicated in leukemia, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. However, in vivo roles for Fer during vertebrate development have remained elusive. In this study, we bridge the gap between the invertebrate and vertebrate realms by showing that Fer kinase is required during zebrafish embryogenesis for normal hematopoiesis and vascular organization with distinct kinase dependent and independent functions. In situ hybridization, quantitative PCR and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses revealed an increase in both erythrocyte numbers and gene expression patterns as well as a decrease in the organization of vasculature endothelial cells. Furthermore, rescue experiments have shown that the regulation of hematopoietic proliferation is dependent on Fer kinase activity, while vascular organizing events only require Fer in a kinase-independent manner. Our data suggest a model in which separate kinase dependent and independent functions of Fer act in conjunction with Notch activity in a divergent manner for hematopoietic determination and vascular tissue organization.
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8
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Long J, Liu S, Zeng X, Yang X, Huang H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu Y, Huang D, Qiu X. Population Study Confirms Serum Proteins' Change and Reveals Diagnostic Values in Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1191-1197. [PMID: 28553678 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1641-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to validate thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), vascular endothelial-cadherin complex (VE-cad), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and amyloid precursor protein (APP) and assess their diagnostic value in ventricular septal defect (VSD). We investigated the serum levels of TSP-1, VE-cad, IGF-2, and APP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a hospital-based case-control study that included 40 VSD children and 40 healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship of the proteins and VSD, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of the significant proteins. The serum levels of TSP-1, VE-cad, and IGF-2 were significantly higher in VSD patients than those in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high levels of TSP-1, VE-cad, and IGF-2 were significantly associated with an increased risk of VSD [TSP-1 (OR 26.91, 95% CI 6.60-72.66, p < 0.001), VE-cad (OR 11.91, 95% CI 3.90-36.36, p < 0.001), IGF-2 (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.25-8.43, p = 0.015)]. Areas under the ROC curve for TSP-1, VE-cad, and IGF-2 were 0.985, 0.838, and 0.658, respectively. These data demonstrated that TSP-1, VE-cad, and IGF-2 were significantly associated with risk of VSD and manifested diagnostic values, which may provide new evidence for understanding the etiology and promote the early diagnosis and prevention of VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Long
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Cardiovasology, Xihua Country People's Hospital, Zhoukou, 466600, Henan, China
| | - Jiehua Chen
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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9
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Münch J, Grivas D, González-Rajal Á, Torregrosa-Carrión R, de la Pompa JL. Notch signalling restricts inflammation and serpine1 expression in the dynamic endocardium of the regenerating zebrafish heart. Development 2017; 144:1425-1440. [PMID: 28242613 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish heart regenerates after ventricular damage through a process involving inflammation, fibrotic tissue deposition/removal and myocardial regeneration. Using 3D whole-mount imaging, we reveal a highly dynamic endocardium during cardiac regeneration, including changes in cell morphology, behaviour and gene expression. These events lay the foundation for an initial expansion of the endocardium that matures to form a coherent endocardial structure within the injury site. We studied two important endocardial molecules, Serpine1 and Notch, which are implicated in different aspects of endocardial regeneration. Notch signalling regulates developmental gene expression and features of endocardial maturation. Also, Notch manipulation interferes with attenuation of the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation. serpine1 is strongly expressed very early in the wound endocardium, with decreasing expression at later time points. serpine1 expression persists in Notch-abrogated hearts, via what appears to be a conserved mechanism. Functional inhibition studies show that Serpine1 controls endocardial maturation and proliferation and cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, we describe a highly dynamic endocardium in the regenerating zebrafish heart, with two key endocardial players, Serpine1 and Notch signalling, regulating crucial regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Münch
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Grivas
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Rajal
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, 370 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Rebeca Torregrosa-Carrión
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain.,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E-28029, Spain .,CIBER CV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gu W, Zhan H, Zhou XY, Yao L, Yan M, Chen A, Liu J, Ren X, Zhang X, Liu JX, Liu G. MicroRNA-22 regulates inflammation and angiogenesisviatargeting VE-cadherin. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:513-526. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Huihui Zhan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Animal Breeding; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Lun Yao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Meiping Yan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaojiao Ren
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fresh Water Animal Breeding; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan Hubei China
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11
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Haack T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. The force within: endocardial development, mechanotransduction and signalling during cardiac morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:373-86. [PMID: 26839341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial cells are cardiac endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart tube. Historically, their contribution to cardiac development has mainly been considered from a morphological perspective. However, recent studies have begun to define novel instructive roles of the endocardium, as a sensor and signal transducer of biophysical forces induced by blood flow, and as an angiocrine signalling centre that is involved in myocardial cellular morphogenesis, regeneration and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss how the endocardium develops, how endocardial-myocardial interactions influence the developing embryonic heart, and how the dysregulation of blood flow-responsive endocardial signalling can result in pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Haack
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
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12
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Abstract
Coronary flow (CF) measured ex vivo is largely determined by capillary density that reflects angiogenic vessel formation in the heart in vivo. Here we exploit this relationship and show that CF in the rat is influenced by a locus on rat chromosome 2 that is also associated with cardiac capillary density. Mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (Wars2), encoding an L53F protein variant within the ATP-binding motif, is prioritized as the candidate at the locus by integrating genomic data sets. WARS2(L53F) has low enzyme activity and inhibition of WARS2 in endothelial cells reduces angiogenesis. In the zebrafish, inhibition of wars2 results in trunk vessel deficiencies, disordered endocardial-myocardial contact and impaired heart function. Inhibition of Wars2 in the rat causes cardiac angiogenesis defects and diminished cardiac capillary density. Our data demonstrate a pro-angiogenic function for Wars2 both within and outside the heart that may have translational relevance given the association of WARS2 with common human diseases. Blood supply to the heart is crucial for cardiac function. Here, the authors show that the mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase, WARS2, drives blood vessel generation in zebrafish and rats and that inhibition of Wars2 diminishes blood vessel growth both within and outside in the heart, suggesting a new target for manipulating angiogenesis.
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13
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Yin X, Shi M, Dahlgren RA, Wang H. Toxicity assessment of combined fluoroquinolone and tetracycline exposure in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:736-50. [PMID: 25504783 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) and tetracyclines (TCs), the two β-diketone antibiotics (DKAs), are two frequently detected pollutants in the environment; however, little data are available on their combined toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio). This study reports that toxicologic effects of combined DKA (FQs-TCs) exposure on zebrafish were comparable with or slightly less than those of TCs alone, showing that TCs played a major toxicologic role in the mixtures. The effects of FQs, TCs, and DKAs on malformation rates of zebrafish were dose dependent, with EC50 values of 481.3, 16.4, and 135.1 mg/L, respectively. According to the combined effects of DKAs on zebrafish hatching, mortality, and malformation rates, the interaction between FQs and TCs was shown to be antagonistic based on three assessment methods: Toxic Unit, Additional Index, and Mixture Toxic Index. The 1.56 mg/L TC and 9.38 mg/L DKA treatments resulted in higher zebrafish basal swimming rate compared with the control group at 120 hours postfertilization (hpf). in both light and light-to-dark photoperiod experiments. Under conditions of no obvious abnormality in cardiac development, the heart beats were decreased significantly because of DKA exposure, such as decreasing by ∼20% at 150 mg/L DKAs. Transmission electron microscopy observation of myocytes from DKA-exposed hearts displayed prominent interruptions and myofibrillar disorganization of the normal parallel alignment of thick and thin filaments, and partial edematous and dissolved membranes of cell nuclear tissues. At 90 mg/L DKAs, the transcriptional levels of the acta1a, myl7, and gle1b genes, related to heart development and skeletal muscle formation, were significantly changed. This is consistent with the swimming behavior and histopathologic results obtained by transmission electron microscopy. In summary, the toxicity of the combined DKAs to zebrafish was comparable with or less than that of TCs alone and had the ability to impair individual behaviors that are of great importance in the assessment of their ecologic fitness. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 736-750, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaohan Yin
- Wenzhou Applied Technology & Environmental Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mengru Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Randy Alan Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, University-Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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14
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Hematopoietic stem cells develop in the absence of endothelial cadherin 5 expression. Blood 2015; 126:2811-20. [PMID: 26385351 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-07-659276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare endothelial cells in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) transition into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during embryonic development. Lineage tracing experiments indicate that HSCs emerge from cadherin 5 (Cdh5; vascular endothelial-cadherin)(+) endothelial precursors, and isolated populations of Cdh5(+) cells from mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into hematopoietic cells. Cdh5 has also been widely implicated as a marker of AGM-derived hemogenic endothelial cells. Because Cdh5(-/-) mice embryos die before the first HSCs emerge, it is unknown whether Cdh5 has a direct role in HSC emergence. Our previous genetic screen yielded malbec (mlb(bw306)), a zebrafish mutant for cdh5, with normal embryonic and definitive blood. Using time-lapse confocal imaging, parabiotic surgical pairing of zebrafish embryos, and blastula transplantation assays, we show that HSCs emerge, migrate, engraft, and differentiate in the absence of cdh5 expression. By tracing Cdh5(-/-)green fluorescent protein (GFP)(+/+) cells in chimeric mice, we demonstrated that Cdh5(-/-)GFP(+/+) HSCs emerging from embryonic day 10.5 and 11.5 (E10.5 and E11.5) AGM or derived from E13.5 fetal liver not only differentiate into hematopoietic colonies but also engraft and reconstitute multilineage adult blood. We also developed a conditional mouse Cdh5 knockout (Cdh5(flox/flox):Scl-Cre-ER(T)) and demonstrated that multipotent hematopoietic colonies form despite the absence of Cdh5. These data establish that Cdh5, a marker of hemogenic endothelium in the AGM, is dispensable for the transition of hemogenic endothelium to HSCs.
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15
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Angiogenesis in zebrafish. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 31:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Yekti APA, Hsu HJ, Wang WD. The Effect of Paclobutrazol on the Development of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Embryos. Zebrafish 2014; 11:1-9. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2013.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Wang
- Department of BioAgricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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17
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Dauber A, Golzio C, Guenot C, Jodelka FM, Kibaek M, Kjaergaard S, Leheup B, Martinet D, Nowaczyk MJM, Rosenfeld JA, Zeesman S, Zunich J, Beckmann JS, Hirschhorn JN, Hastings ML, Jacquemont S, Katsanis N. SCRIB and PUF60 are primary drivers of the multisystemic phenotypes of the 8q24.3 copy-number variant. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:798-811. [PMID: 24140112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy-number variants (CNVs) represent a significant interpretative challenge, given that each CNV typically affects the dosage of multiple genes. Here we report on five individuals with coloboma, microcephaly, developmental delay, short stature, and craniofacial, cardiac, and renal defects who harbor overlapping microdeletions on 8q24.3. Fine mapping localized a commonly deleted 78 kb region that contains three genes: SCRIB, NRBP2, and PUF60. In vivo dissection of the CNV showed discrete contributions of the planar cell polarity effector SCRIB and the splicing factor PUF60 to the syndromic phenotype, and the combinatorial suppression of both genes exacerbated some, but not all, phenotypic components. Consistent with these findings, we identified an individual with microcephaly, short stature, intellectual disability, and heart defects with a de novo c.505C>T variant leading to a p.His169Tyr change in PUF60. Functional testing of this allele in vivo and in vitro showed that the mutation perturbs the relative dosage of two PUF60 isoforms and, subsequently, the splicing efficiency of downstream PUF60 targets. These data inform the functions of two genes not associated previously with human genetic disease and demonstrate how CNVs can exhibit complex genetic architecture, with the phenotype being the amalgam of both discrete dosage dysfunction of single transcripts and also of binary genetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an excellent vertebrate model for studying heart development, regeneration and cardiotoxicity. Zebrafish embryos exposed during the temporal window of epicardium development to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exhibit severe heart malformations. TCDD exposure prevents both proepicardial organ (PE) and epicardium development. Exposure later in development, after the epicardium has formed, does not produce cardiac toxicity. It is not until the adult zebrafish heart is stimulated to regenerate does TCDD again cause detrimental effects. TCDD exposure prior to ventricular resection prevents cardiac regeneration. It is likely that TCDD-induced inhibition of epicardium development and cardiac regeneration occur via a common mechanism. Here, we describe experiments that focus on the epicardium as a target and sensor of zebrafish heart toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hofsteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jessica Plavicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard E. Peterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Warren Heideman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Lalwani MK, Sharma M, Singh AR, Chauhan RK, Patowary A, Singh N, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Reverse genetics screen in zebrafish identifies a role of miR-142a-3p in vascular development and integrity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52588. [PMID: 23285103 PMCID: PMC3528674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a well-studied class of non-coding RNA and are known to regulate developmental processes in eukaryotes. Their role in key biological processes such as vasculature development has attracted interest. However, a comprehensive understanding of molecular regulation of angiogenesis and vascular integrity during development remains less explored. Here we identified miRNAs involved in the development and maintenance of vasculature in zebrafish embryos using a reverse genetics approach. Using a combination of bioinformatics predictions and literature based evidences we mined over 701 Human and 329 Zebrafish miRNAs to derive a list of 29 miRNAs targeting vascular specific genes in zebrafish. We shortlisted eight miRNAs and investigated their potential role in regulating vascular development in zebrafish transgenic model. In this screen we identified three miRNAs, namely miR-1, miR-144 and miR-142a-3p that have the potential to influence vascular development in zebrafish. We show that miR-142a-3p mediates vascular integrity and developmental angiogenesis in vivo. Overexpression of miR-142a-3p results in loss of vascular integrity, hemorrhage and vascular remodeling during zebrafish embryonic development, while loss of function of miR-142a-3p causes abnormal vascular remodeling. MiR-142a-3p functions in part by directly repressing cdh5 (VE-cadherin). The vascular abnormalities that results from modulation of miR-142a-3p are reminiscent of cdh5 perturbation in zebrafish embryos. We also demonstrate that the action of miR-142a on cdh5 is potentially regulated by Lmo2, an important transcription factor, known for its role in vasculature development. The miR142a-3p mediated control of cdh5 constitutes an additional layer of regulation for maintaining vascular integrity and developmental angiogenesis. These findings have implications in development, wound repair and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Lalwani
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Angom Ramcharan Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar Chauhan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Patowary
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- G.N. Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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20
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Tobia C, Chiodelli P, Nicoli S, Dell'era P, Buraschi S, Mitola S, Foglia E, van Loenen PB, Alewijnse AE, Presta M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 controls venous endothelial barrier integrity in zebrafish. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:e104-16. [PMID: 22837470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.250035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1 (S1P(1)) affects different vascular functions, including blood vessel maturation and permeability. Here, we characterized the role of the zS1P(1) ortholog in vascular development in zebrafish. METHODS AND RESULTS zS1P(1) is expressed in dorsal aorta and posterior cardinal vein of zebrafish embryos at 24 to 30 hours postfertilization. zS1P(1) downregulation by antisense morpholino oligonucleotide injection causes early pericardial edema, lack of blood circulation, alterations of posterior cardinal vein structure, and late generalized edema. Also, zS1P(1) morphants are characterized by downregulation of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and Eph receptor EphB4a expression and by disorganization of zonula occludens 1 junctions in posterior cardinal vein endothelium, with no alterations of dorsal aorta endothelium. VE-cadherin knockdown results in similar vascular alterations, whereas VE-cadherin overexpression is sufficient to rescue venous vascular integrity defects and EphB4a downregulation in zS1P(1) morphants. Finally, S1P(1) small interfering RNA transfection and the S1P(1) antagonist (R)-3-amino-(3-hexylphenylamino)-4-oxobutylphosphonic acid (W146) cause EPHB4 receptor down-modulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and the assembly of zonula occludens 1 intercellular contacts is prevented by the EPHB4 antagonist TNYL-RAW peptide in these cells. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrate a nonredundant role of zS1P(1) in the regulation of venous endothelial barrier in zebrafish and identify a S1P(1)/VE-cadherin/EphB4a genetic pathway that controls venous vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tobia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Unit of General Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
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21
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Li X, Ma Y, Li D, Gao X, Li P, Bai N, Luo M, Tan X, Lu C, Ma X. Arsenic impairs embryo development via down-regulating Dvr1 expression in zebrafish. Toxicol Lett 2012; 212:161-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Chen YH, Lee HC, Hsu RJ, Chen TY, Huang YK, Lo HC, Hu SC, Harn HJ, Jeng JR, Sun CK, Lin SZ, Tsai HJ. The toxic effect of Amiodarone on valve formation in the developing heart of zebrafish embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 33:233-44. [PMID: 22227723 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amiodarone is a class D drug given to treat arrhythmia, including pregnant women, but its effects on the developing heart have not been studied. Although some studies have suggested that this drug is safe for fetuses, they have been conducted on mothers with fetuses at or beyond six months of gestational age. RESULTS The occurrence of valve defect was positively proportional to Amiodarone concentrations over 9 μM, but not lower than 6 μM. Ectopic overexpression of versican was observed at the atrioventricular canal of the Amiodarone-treated embryos at 15 μM (EC(50)). VE-cadherin (cdh5), normally downregulated at the endocardial cushion, was also ectopically overexpressed in the Amiodarone-treated embryos. Knockdown of either versican or cdh5 in the Amiodarone-treated embryos could rescue the valve defect caused by Amiodarone. CONCLUSIONS By inducing versican ectopical overexpression, leading, in turn, to cdh5 ectopical overexpression, Amiodarone treatment causes failure of cardiac valve formation in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Taiwan
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23
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Maragh S, Miller RA, Bessling SL, McGaughey DM, Wessels MW, de Graaf B, Stone EA, Bertoli-Avella AM, Gearhart JD, Fisher S, McCallion AS. Identification of RNA binding motif proteins essential for cardiovascular development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 11:62. [PMID: 22011202 PMCID: PMC3277282 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently identified Rbm24 as a novel gene expressed during mouse cardiac development. Due to its tightly restricted and persistent expression from formation of the cardiac crescent onwards and later in forming vasculature we posited it to be a key player in cardiogenesis with additional roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. RESULTS To determine the role of this gene in cardiac development, we have identified its zebrafish orthologs (rbm24a and rbm24b), and functionally evaluated them during zebrafish embryogenesis. Consistent with our underlying hypothesis, reduction in expression of either ortholog through injection of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in cardiogenic defects including cardiac looping and reduced circulation, leading to increasing pericardial edema over time. Additionally, morphant embryos for either ortholog display incompletely overlapping defects in the forming vasculature of the dorsal aorta (DA), posterior caudal vein (PCV) and caudal vein (CV) which are the first blood vessels to form in the embryo. Vasculogenesis and early angiogenesis in the trunk were similarly compromised in rbm24 morphant embryos at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf). Subsequent vascular maintenance was impaired in both rbm24 morphants with substantial vessel degradation noted at 72 hpf. CONCLUSION Taken collectively, our functional data support the hypothesis that rbm24a and rbm24b are key developmental cardiac genes with unequal roles in cardiovascular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maragh
- Biochemical Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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24
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Abstract
Blood vessels perform the fundamental role of providing conduits for the circulation of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of waste products throughout the body. Disruption of tissue perfusion by ischemia or hemorrhage of blood vessels has a range of devastating consequences including stroke. Stroke is a complex trait that includes both genetic and environmental risk factors. The zebrafish is an attractive model for the study of hemorrhagic stroke due to the conservation of the molecular mechanisms of blood vascular development among vertebrates and the experimental advantages that can be applied to zebrafish embryos and larva. This chapter will focus on the maintenance of vascular integrity and some of the seminal experimentation carried out in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Butler
- Program in the Genomics of Differentiation, National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abdelilah-Seyfried S. Claudin-5a in developing zebrafish brain barriers: another brick in the wall. Bioessays 2010; 32:768-76. [PMID: 20652895 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Claudins serve essential roles in regulating paracellular permeability properties within occluding junctions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate developmental roles of claudins within immature tissues. This work has uncovered an involvement of several claudins in determining tight junction properties that have an effect on embryonic morphogenesis and physiology. During zebrafish brain morphogenesis, Claudin-5a determines the paracellular permeability of tight junctions within a transient neuroepithelial-ventricular barrier that maintains the hydrostatic fluid pressure required for brain ventricular lumen expansion. However, the roles of Claudins in development may well extend beyond being mere junctional components. Several post-translational modifications of Claudins have been characterized that indicate a direct regulation by developmental signals. This review focuses on the involvement of Claudin-5a in cerebral barrier formation in the zebrafish embryo and includes some speculations about possible modes of regulation.
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