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Shuptrine CW, Perez VM, Selitsky SR, Schreiber TH, Fromm G. Shining a LIGHT on myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2023; 187:147-160. [PMID: 37167762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite over a decade of clinical trials combining inhibition of emerging checkpoints with a PD-1/L1 inhibitor backbone, meaningful survival benefits have not been shown in PD-1/L1 inhibitor resistant or refractory solid tumours, particularly tumours dominated by a myelosuppressive microenvironment. Achieving durable anti-tumour immunity will therefore likely require combination of adaptive and innate immune stimulation, myeloid repolarisation, enhanced APC activation and antigen processing/presentation, lifting of the CD47/SIRPα (Cluster of Differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein alpha) 'do not eat me' signal, provision of an apoptotic 'pro-eat me' or 'find me' signal, and blockade of immune checkpoints. The importance of effectively targeting mLILRB2 and SIRPAyeloid cells to achieve improved response rates has recently been emphasised, given myeloid cells are abundant in the tumour microenvironment of most solid tumours. TNFSF14, or LIGHT, is a tumour necrosis superfamily ligand with a broad range of adaptive and innate immune activities, including (1) myeloid cell activation through Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor (LTβR), (2) T/NK (T cell and natural killer cell) induced anti-tumour immune activity through Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), (3) potentiation of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine secretion through LTβR on tumour stromal cells, (4) direct induction of tumour cell apoptosis in vitro, and (5) the reorganisation of lymphatic tissue architecture, including within the tumour microenvironment (TME), by promoting high endothelial venule (HEV) formation and induction of tertiary lymphoid structures. LTBR (Lymphotoxin beta receptor) and HVEM rank highly amongst a range of costimulatory receptors in solid tumours, which raises interest in considering how LIGHT-mediated costimulation may be distinct from a growing list of immunotherapy targets which have failed to provide survival benefit as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors, particularly in the checkpoint acquired resistant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Shuptrine
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Taylor H Schreiber
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - George Fromm
- Shattuck Labs Inc., Austin, TX, USA; Shattuck Labs Inc., Durham, NC, USA.
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Wang Z, Wang W, Chai Q, Zhu M. Langerhans Cells Control Lymphatic Vessel Function during Inflammation via LIGHT-LTβR Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2999-3007. [PMID: 30952816 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is an important route for dendritic cell (DC) or tumor cell migration from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (DLNs). However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, using conventional bone marrow chimeric mice and additional UVB radiation, we found that deficiency of LIGHT but not lymphotoxin (LT) α1β2, likely on radioresistant Langerhans cells (LCs), resulted in impaired skin DC migration to DLNs during LPS-induced inflammation. In addition, LT β receptor (LTβR), but not herpes virus entry mediator, was found to be the receptor of LIGHT controlling DC migration. Furthermore, conditional deficiency of LTβR in Tie2 cre or Lyve1 cre mice, but not in LTβR-deficient bone marrow chimeric mice, impaired DC migration, suggesting an important role of LTβR in radioresistant lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), although the role of LTβR in blood endothelial cells remains intriguing. Mechanistically, the gene expression of both CCL21 and CCL19 was found to be reduced in skin LECs isolated from LC-LIGHT-conditionally deficient or Lyve1 cre Ltbr fl/fl mice compared with their controls upon LPS stimulation. Soluble recombinant LIGHT was able to upregulate CCL21 and CCL19 gene expression on SVEC4-10 endothelial cells. Doxycycline, an inhibitor of soluble LIGHT release in the inflamed skin, impaired skin CCL21 and CCL19 expression and DC migration. In addition, melanoma cell metastasis to DLNs was also inhibited in LC-LIGHT-conditionally deficient or Lyve1 cre Ltbr fl/fl mice. Together, our data suggest, to our knowledge, a previously unrecognized scenario in which LCs activate LECs via the LIGHT-LTβR signaling axis to promote DC migration or tumor cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and
| | - Mingzhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Koh S, Kah J, Tham CYL, Yang N, Ceccarello E, Chia A, Chen M, Khakpoor A, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Dandri M, Bertoletti A. Nonlytic Lymphocytes Engineered to Express Virus-Specific T-Cell Receptors Limit HBV Infection by Activating APOBEC3. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:180-193.e6. [PMID: 29550589 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Strategies to develop virus-specific T cells against hepatic viral infections have been hindered by safety concerns. We engineered nonlytic human T cells to suppress replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) without overt hepatotoxicity and investigated their antiviral activity. METHODS We electroporated resting T cells or T cells activated by anti-CD3 with mRNAs encoding HBV or HCV-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) to create 2 populations of TCR-reprogrammed T cells. We tested their ability to suppress HBV or HCV replication without lysis in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cultures of HepG2.2.15 cells and HBV-infected HepG2-hNTCP cells. We also injected TCR-reprogrammed resting and activated T cells into HBV-infected urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency disease/interleukin 2γ mice with humanized livers and measured levels of intrahepatic and serological viral parameters and serum alanine aminotransferase. Livers were collected for analysis of gene expression patterns to determine effects of the TCR-reprogrammed T cells. RESULTS TCR-reprogrammed resting T cells produced comparable levels of interferon gamma but lower levels of perforin and granzyme than activated T cells and did not lyse HCV- or HBV-infected hepatoma cells. Although T-cell secretion of interferon gamma was required to inhibit HCV replication, the HBV-specific TCR-reprogrammed resting T cells reduced HBV replication also through intracellular activation of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3 (APOBEC3). The mechanism of APOBEC3 intracellular activation involved temporal expression of lymphotoxin-β receptor ligands on resting T cells after TCR-mediated antigen recognition and activation of lymphotoxin-β receptor in infected cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed TCR-reprogrammed nonlytic T cells capable of activating APOBEC3 in hepatoma cells and in HBV-infected human hepatocytes in mice, limiting viral infection. These cells with limited hepatotoxicity might be developed for treatment of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarene Koh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Lion TCR Private Limited Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Janine Kah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Y L Tham
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ninghan Yang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Erica Ceccarello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Adeline Chia
- Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Margaret Chen
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Atefeh Khakpoor
- Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Anthony T Tan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel Partner Site, Germany
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Emerging Infectious Diseases (EID) Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Gil-Fariña I, Di Scala M, Vanrell L, Olagüe C, Vales A, High KA, Prieto J, Mingozzi F, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G. IL12-mediated liver inflammation reduces the formation of AAV transcriptionally active forms but has no effect over preexisting AAV transgene expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67748. [PMID: 23844082 PMCID: PMC3699534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenoassociated viral vectors (rAAV) have proven to be excellent candidates for gene therapy clinical applications. Recent results showed that cellular immunity to AAV represents a major challenge facing the clinical use of systemic administration of these vectors. Interestingly, no preclinical animal model has previously fully reproduced the clinical findings. The aim of the present work was to enhance the T cell immune response against AAV capsid in mice by the administration of a rAAV expressing the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-12. Our results indicate that although IL-12 expression enhanced the AAV capsid-specific immune response it failed to eliminate transduced hepatocytes and long-term expression was achieved. We found that AAV-mediated transgene expression is altered by IL-12-induced liver inflammation. However, IL-12 expression has no effect over preexisting AAV-mediated transgene expression. IL-12 down-regulates AAV mediated transgene expression via induction of IFN-γ production by NK and T cells, but without altering the transduction efficiency measured by viral genomes. Our results indicate that liver inflammation affects the formation of transcriptionally active AAV vector genomes through an unknown mechanism that can be avoided by the use of DNA-demethylating or anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gil-Fariña
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marianna Di Scala
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lucia Vanrell
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Olagüe
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Africa Vales
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Katherine A. High
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Liver Unit and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, University Clinic of Navarra, La Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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