1
|
Kawamura S, Furuya K, Sasaki N, Takeoka Y, Aizawa M, Kanzawa N. Evaluation of alginate-coated β-tricalcium phosphate fiber scaffold for cell culture. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35433. [PMID: 38817048 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Ex vivo tissue engineering is an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of severe cartilage diseases that require tissue replenishment or replacement. This strategy demands scaffolds that are durable enough for long-term cell culture to form artificial tissue. Additionally, such scaffolds must be biocompatible to prevent the transplanted matrix from taking a toll on the patient's body. From the viewpoint of structure and bio-absorbability, a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) fiber scaffold (βTFS) is expected to serve as a good scaffold for tissue engineering. However, the fragility and high solubility of β-TCP fibers make this matrix unsuitable for long-term cell culture. To solve this problem, we developed an alginate-coated β-TCP fiber scaffold (βTFS-Alg). To assess cell proliferation and differentiation in the presence of βTFS-Alg, we characterized ATDC5 cells, a chondrocyte-like cell line, when grown in this matrix. We found that alginate coated the surface of βTFS fiber and suppressed the elution of Ca2+ from β-TCP fibers. Due to the decreased solubility of βTFS-Alg compared with β-TCP, the former provided an improved scaffold for long-term cell culture. Additionally, we observed superior cell proliferation and upregulation of chondrogenesis marker genes in ATDC5 cells cultured in βTFS-Alg. These results suggest that βTFS-Alg is suitable for application in tissue culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawamura
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Furuya
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nene Sasaki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeoka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Aizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kanzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim HH, Jeong SH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Kim HW, Seong JK, Ahn M, Park KI, Heo JD, Kim YS, Kim GS. Potential Joint Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Integrin α vβ 3 in IL-1β-Treated Chondrocytes Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2745. [PMID: 37893118 PMCID: PMC10603936 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), the articular cartilage covering the articular surface of the bone wears out, exposing the subchondral bone, and the synovial membrane surrounding the joint becomes inflamed, causing pain and deformity. OA causes pain, stiffness, and swelling, and discomfort in the knee when climbing stairs is a typical symptom. Although drug development studies are conducted to treat these inflammatory joint diseases, it is difficult to find conclusive research results which could reduce inflammation and slow cartilage tear. The development of drugs to relieve inflammatory pain often utilizes inflammatory triggers. Interleukins, one of the proteins in the limelight as pro-inflammatory factors, are immune-system-stimulating factors that promote the body's fight against harmful factors such as bacteria. In this study, inflammation was induced in Chondrocytes cells (Chon-001 cells) with IL-1β and then treated with integrin αvβ3 to show anti-inflammatory and chondrogenesis effects. Integrin αvβ3 was not toxic to Chon-001 cells in any concentration groups treated with or without IL-1β. COX-2 and iNOS, which are major markers of inflammation, were significantly reduced by integrin αvβ3 treatment. Expressions of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-p38 corresponding to the MAPKs signaling pathway and p-IκBα and p-p65 corresponding to the NF-κB signaling pathway were also decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon integrin αvβ3 treatment, indicating that inflammation was inhibited, whereas treatment with integrin αvβ3 significantly increased the expression of ALP, RUNX2, BMP2, BMP4, Aggrecan, SOX9, and COL2A1, suggesting that osteogenesis and chondrogenesis were induced. These results suggest that integrin αvβ3 in-duces an anti-inflammatory effect, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis on IL-1β-induced Chon-001 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Se Hyo Jeong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Min Yeong Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Abuyaseer Abusaliya
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- Division of Animal Bioscience & Intergrated Biotechnology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;
| | - Meejung Ahn
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Biological Resources Research Group, Bioenvironmental Science and Toxicology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology Gyeongnam Branch (KIT), Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Sil Kim
- T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (H.H.K.); (S.H.J.); (M.Y.P.); (P.B.B.); (A.A.); (K.I.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Y, Chen Y, Ma G, Cao H. The role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in bone homeostasis and related diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3963-3987. [PMID: 37799379 PMCID: PMC10547920 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dedicates to degrade intracellular proteins to modulate demic homeostasis and functions of organisms. These enzymatic cascades mark and modifies target proteins diversly through covalently binding ubiquitin molecules. In the UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases are the crucial constituents by the advantage of recognizing and presenting proteins to proteasomes for proteolysis. As the major regulators of protein homeostasis, E3 ligases are indispensable to proper cell manners in diverse systems, and they are well described in physiological bone growth and bone metabolism. Pathologically, classic bone-related diseases such as metabolic bone diseases, arthritis, bone neoplasms and bone metastasis of the tumor, etc., were also depicted in a UPS-dependent manner. Therefore, skeletal system is versatilely regulated by UPS and it is worthy to summarize the underlying mechanism. Furthermore, based on the current status of treatment, normal or pathological osteogenesis and tumorigenesis elaborated in this review highlight the clinical significance of UPS research. As a strategy possibly remedies the limitations of UPS treatment, emerging PROTAC was described comprehensively to illustrate its potential in clinical application. Altogether, the purpose of this review aims to provide more evidence for exploiting novel therapeutic strategies based on UPS for bone associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Niibe K, Kondo T, Limraksasin P, Okawa H, Miao X, Kamano Y, Yamada M, Jiang X, Egusa H. Rapid and efficient generation of cartilage pellets from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells by transcriptional activation of BMP-4 with shaking culture. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221114616. [PMID: 35923173 PMCID: PMC9340412 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unlimited source for cartilage
regeneration as they can generate a wide spectrum of cell types. Here, we
established a tetracycline (tet) controlled bone morphogenetic
protein-4 (BMP-4) expressing iPSC
(iPSC-Tet/BMP-4) line in which transcriptional activation
of BMP-4 was associated with enhanced chondrogenesis. Moreover,
we developed an efficient and simple approach for directly guiding
iPSC-Tet/BMP-4 differentiation into chondrocytes in
scaffold-free cartilaginous pellets using a combination of transcriptional
activation of BMP-4 and a 3D shaking suspension culture system.
In chondrogenic induction medium, shaking culture alone significantly
upregulated the chondrogenic markers Sox9, Col2a1, and
Aggrecan in iPSCs-Tet/BMP-4 by day 21. Of
note, transcriptional activation of BMP-4 by addition of tet
(doxycycline) greatly enhanced the expression of these genes. The cartilaginous
pellets derived from iPSCs-Tet/BMP-4 showed an oval morphology
and white smooth appearance by day 21. After day 21, the cells presented a
typical round morphology and the extracellular matrix was stained intensively
with Safranin O, alcian blue, and type II collagen. In addition, the homogenous
cartilaginous pellets derived from iPSCs-Tet/BMP-4 with 28 days
of induction repaired joint osteochondral defects in immunosuppressed rats and
integrated well with the adjacent host cartilage. The regenerated cartilage
expressed the neomycin resistance gene, indicating that the newly formed
cartilage was generated by the transplanted iPSCs-Tet/BMP-4.
Thus, our culture system could be a useful tool for further investigation of the
mechanism of BMP-4 in regulating iPSC differentiation toward the chondrogenic
lineage, and should facilitate research in cartilage development, repair, and
osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Phoonsuk Limraksasin
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xinchao Miao
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamada
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People’s Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thorp H, Kim K, Bou-Ghannam S, Kondo M, Maak T, Grainger DW, Okano T. Enhancing chondrogenic potential via mesenchymal stem cell sheet multilayering. Regen Ther 2021; 18:487-496. [PMID: 34926734 PMCID: PMC8645782 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced tissue engineering approaches for direct articular cartilage replacement in vivo employ mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, exploiting innate chondrogenic potential to fabricate hyaline-like constructs in vitro within three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Cell sheet technology represents one such advanced 3D scaffold-free cell culture platform, and previous work has shown that 3D MSC sheets are capable of in vitro hyaline-like chondrogenic differentiation. The present study aims to build upon this understanding and elucidate the effects of an established cell sheet manipulation technique, cell sheet multilayering, on fabrication of MSC-derived hyaline-like cartilage 3D layered constructs in vitro. To achieve this goal, multilayered MSC sheets are prepared and assessed for structural and biochemical transitions throughout chondrogenesis. Results support MSC multilayering as a means of increasing construct thickness and 3D cellular interactions related to in vitro chondrogenesis, including N-cadherin, connexin 43, and integrin β-1. Data indicate that increasing construct thickness from 14 μm (1-layer construct) to 25 μm (2-layer construct) increases these cellular interactions and subsequent in vitro MSC chondrogenesis. However, a clear initial thickness threshold (33 μm - 3-layer construct) is evident that decreases the rate and extent of in vitro chondrogenesis, specifically chondrogenic gene expressions (Sox9, aggrecan, type II collagen) and sulfated proteoglycan accumulation in deposited extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, these data support the utility of cell sheet multilayering as a platform for tailoring construct thickness and subsequent MSC chondrogenesis for future articular cartilage regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Travis Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jellyfish Collagen: A Biocompatible Collagen Source for 3D Scaffold Fabrication and Enhanced Chondrogenicity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080405. [PMID: 34436244 PMCID: PMC8400217 DOI: 10.3390/md19080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease leading to degeneration of articular cartilage, causing morbidity in approximately 8.5 million of the UK population. As the dense extracellular matrix of articular cartilage is primarily composed of collagen, cartilage repair strategies have exploited the biocompatibility and mechanical strength of bovine and porcine collagen to produce robust scaffolds for procedures such as matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI). However, mammalian sourced collagens pose safety risks such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy and possible transmission of viral vectors. This study characterised a non-mammalian jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) collagen as an alternative, safer source in scaffold production for clinical use. Jellyfish collagen demonstrated comparable scaffold structural properties and stability when compared to mammalian collagen. Jellyfish collagen also displayed comparable immunogenic responses (platelet and leukocyte activation/cell death) and cytokine release profile in comparison to mammalian collagen in vitro. Further histological analysis of jellyfish collagen revealed bovine chondroprogenitor cell invasion and proliferation in the scaffold structures, where the scaffold supported enhanced chondrogenesis in the presence of TGFβ1. This study highlights the potential of jellyfish collagen as a safe and biocompatible biomaterial for both OA repair and further regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Blum JC, Schenck TL, Birt A, Giunta RE, Wiggenhauser PS. Artificial decellularized extracellular matrix improves the regenerative capacity of adipose tissue derived stem cells on 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffolds. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211022242. [PMID: 34262685 PMCID: PMC8246490 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211022242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal tissue engineering frameworks should be both an optimal biological microenvironment and a shape and stability providing framework. In this study we tried to combine the advantages of cell-derived artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) with those of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. In Part A, both chondrogenic and osteogenic ECMs were produced by human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds and then decellularized to create cell free functionalized PCL scaffolds, named acPCL and aoPCL respectively. The decellularization resulted in a significant reduction of the DNA content as well as the removal of nuclei while the ECM was largely preserved. In Part B the bioactivation and the effect of the ac/aoPCL scaffolds on the proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression of hASCs was investigated. The ac/aoPCL scaffolds were found to be non-toxic and allow good adhesion, but do not affect proliferation. In the in vitro investigation of cartilage regeneration, biochemical analysis showed that acPCL scaffolds have an additional effect on chondrogenic differentiation as gene expression analysis showed markers of cartilage hypertrophy. The aoPCL showed a large influence on the differentiation of hASCs. In control medium they were able to stimulate hASCs to produce calcium alone and all genes relevant investigated for osteogenesis were significantly higher expressed on aoPCL than on unmodified PCL. Therefore, we believe that ac/aoPCL scaffolds have a high potential to improve regenerative capacity of unmodified PCL scaffolds and should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana C Blum
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thilo L Schenck
- Department of Breast Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Frauenklinik Dr. Geisenhofer GmbH, München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Birt
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo E Giunta
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul S Wiggenhauser
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Effects of Tgfb1 and Csf3 on Chondrogenic Differentiation of iPS Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062978. [PMID: 33804138 PMCID: PMC8000805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem (MS) cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are known for their ability to differentiate into different lineages, including chondrocytes in culture. However, the existing protocol for chondrocyte differentiation is time consuming and labor intensive. To improve and simplify the differentiation strategy, we have explored the effects of interactions between growth factors (transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) and colony stimulating factor 3 (Csf3), and culture environments (2D monolayer and 3D nanofiber scaffold) on chondrogenic differentiation. For this, we have examined cell morphologies, proliferation rates, viability, and gene expression profiles, and characterized the cartilaginous matrix formed in the chondrogenic cultures under different treatment regimens. Our data show that 3D cultures support higher proliferation rate than the 2D cultures. Tgfb1 promotes cell proliferation and viability in both types of culture, whereas Csf3 shows positive effects only in 3D cultures. Interestingly, our results indicate that the combined treatments of Tgfb1 and Csf3 do not affect cell proliferation and viability. The expression of cartilaginous matrix in different treatment groups indicates the presence of chondrocytes. We found that, at the end of differentiation stage 1, pluripotent markers were downregulated, while the mesodermal marker was upregulated. However, the expression of chondrogenic markers (col2a1 and aggrecan) was upregulated only in the 3D cultures. Here, we report an efficient, scalable, and convenient protocol for chondrogenic differentiation of iPS cells, and our data suggest that a 3D culture environment, combined with tgfb1 and csf3 treatment, promotes the chondrogenic differentiation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Thorp H, Kim K, Kondo M, Maak T, Grainger DW, Okano T. Trends in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: 3D Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets as Candidates for Engineered Hyaline-Like Cartilage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030643. [PMID: 33805764 PMCID: PMC7998529 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects represent an inciting factor for future osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative joint disease progression. Despite multiple clinically available therapies that succeed in providing short term pain reduction and restoration of limited mobility, current treatments do not reliably regenerate native hyaline cartilage or halt cartilage degeneration at these defect sites. Novel therapeutics aimed at addressing limitations of current clinical cartilage regeneration therapies increasingly focus on allogeneic cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as potent, banked, and available cell sources that express chondrogenic lineage commitment capabilities. Innovative tissue engineering approaches employing allogeneic MSCs aim to develop three-dimensional (3D), chondrogenically differentiated constructs for direct and immediate replacement of hyaline cartilage, improve local site tissue integration, and optimize treatment outcomes. Among emerging tissue engineering technologies, advancements in cell sheet tissue engineering offer promising capabilities for achieving both in vitro hyaline-like differentiation and effective transplantation, based on controlled 3D cellular interactions and retained cellular adhesion molecules. This review focuses on 3D MSC-based tissue engineering approaches for fabricating “ready-to-use” hyaline-like cartilage constructs for future rapid in vivo regenerative cartilage therapies. We highlight current approaches and future directions regarding development of MSC-derived cartilage therapies, emphasizing cell sheet tissue engineering, with specific focus on regulating 3D cellular interactions for controlled chondrogenic differentiation and post-differentiation transplantation capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Travis Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Wakamatsucho, 2−2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zinc chloride affects chondrogenesis via VEGF signaling. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112436. [PMID: 33358860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin mimetics, including zinc containing compounds, have previously been shown to influence chondrogenesis as it relates to healing of fractures in various preclinical models. However, the mechanism by which these compounds drive chondrogenic differentiation is yet undefined. Here, via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and in vitro functional validation, we show that Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) induces expression of both chondrogenic genes (Sox9, Runx1, collagen) as well as genes associated with VEGF-mediated signal transduction, including VEGF receptors 1 and 2 and their ligands; VEGF-A and VEGF-B. Noticeably, although insulin was able to also induce expression of these pro-angiogenic and pro-chondrogenic genes, the impact of insulin on expression of VEGF receptor and ligand genes was marginal when compared to that of ZnCl2. Furthermore, while the VEGFR antagonist, Axitinib, was able to attenuate the pro-chondrogenic effects of both insulin and ZnCl2; a reduction in gene and protein expression was most profoundly observed when the antagonist was applied to cells treated with ZnCl2. Taken together, these data suggest an important role for the VEGF-mediated signal transduction pathways in the positive effects observed when applying zinc-based compounds as adjuvants for chondrogenesis-mediated fracture healing. In this regard, further mechanistic evaluation of ZnCl2 and other zinc-containing insulin mimetics may support rational design of therapies targeted for disease indications associated with impaired fracture healing.
Collapse
|
11
|
Fu R, Liu C, Yan Y, Li Q, Huang RL. Bone defect reconstruction via endochondral ossification: A developmental engineering strategy. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211004211. [PMID: 33868628 PMCID: PMC8020769 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211004211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies induce direct bone-like matrix formation by mimicking the embryological process of intramembranous ossification. However, the clinical translation of these clinical strategies for bone repair is hampered by limited vascularization and poor bone regeneration after implantation in vivo. An alternative strategy for overcoming these drawbacks is engineering cartilaginous constructs by recapitulating the embryonic processes of endochondral ossification (ECO); these constructs have shown a unique ability to survive under hypoxic conditions as well as induce neovascularization and ossification. Such developmentally engineered constructs can act as transient biomimetic templates to facilitate bone regeneration in critical-sized defects. This review introduces the concept and mechanism of developmental BTE, explores the routes of endochondral bone graft engineering, highlights the current state of the art in large bone defect reconstruction via ECO-based strategies, and offers perspectives on the challenges and future directions of translating current knowledge from the bench to the bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han SS, Cho MO, Huh KM, Kang SW. Effects of nanopatterned-surface dishes on chondrocyte growth and cell cycle progression. RSC Adv 2020; 11:39-47. [PMID: 35423029 PMCID: PMC8690039 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering and developing ideal cell culture methods is important for cell biology, drug development, and cell therapy. Recent studies have explored and demonstrated the use of nanoscale structures and patterns that influence cell behavior, such as 3D scaffolds. In this study, we analyzed the effects of nanopatterned-surface dishes using chondrocytes as model cells. Chondrocytes grown on nanopatterned dishes exhibited rounded shapes. Interestingly, chondrocytes have a lower COL10 mRNA level when cultured using nanopatterned dishes. The nanopatterned dishes induced G0-/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and reduced the rate of proliferation. Our results suggest that nanoscale structures can directly control cellular behaviors and can be used for chondrocyte cell culture without causing chondrocytes to lose their functions. These results help to elucidate cellular responses and behaviors in native-like environments, and this information can be used to improve human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Han
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon Korea +82-42-610-8209
| | - Myung-Ok Cho
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon Korea +82-42-610-8209
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Kang
- Research Group for Biomimetic Advanced Technology, Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon Korea +82-42-610-8209
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Gunnarsdottir K, Sigurjonsson OE. Human Embryonic-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells (hES-MP Cells) are Fully Supported in Culture with Human Platelet Lysates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030075. [PMID: 32698321 PMCID: PMC7552691 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor (hES-MP) cells are mesenchymal-like cells, derived from human embryonic stem cells without the aid of feeder cells. They have been suggested as a potential alternative to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine due to their mesenchymal-like proliferation and differentiation characteristics. Cells and cell products intended for regenerative medicine in humans should be derived, expanded and differentiated using conditions free of animal-derived products to minimize risk of animal-transmitted disease and immune reactions to foreign proteins. Human platelets are rich in growth factors needed for cell culture and have been used successfully as an animal serum replacement for MSC expansion and differentiation. In this study, we compared the proliferation of hES-MP cells and MSCs; the hES-MP cell growth was sustained for longer than that of MSCs. Growth factors, gene expression, and surface marker expression in hES-MP cells cultured with either human platelet lysate (hPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplementation were compared, along with differentiation to osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Despite some differences between hES-MP cells grown in hPL- and FBS-supplemented media, hPL was found to be a suitable replacement for FBS. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time that hES-MP cells can be grown using platelet lysates from expired platelet concentrates (hPL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Jonsdottir-Buch
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - Kristbjorg Gunnarsdottir
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E. Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, Snorrabraut 60, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; (S.M.J.-B.); (K.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Platome Biotechnology, Alfaskeid 27, 220 Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +354-543-5523 or +354-694-9427
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cota P, Helmi SA, Hsu C, Rancourt DE. Cytokine Directed Chondroblast Trans-Differentiation: JAK Inhibition Facilitates Direct Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Chondroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010191. [PMID: 31940860 PMCID: PMC7017373 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the hyaline articular cartilage. This disease is progressive and may lead to disability. Researchers proposed many regenerative approaches to treat osteoarthritis, including stem cells. Trans-differentiation of a fully differentiated cell state directly into another different differentiated cell state avoids the disadvantages of fully reprogramming cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in terms of faster reprogramming of the needed cells. Trans-differentiation also reduces the risk of tumor formation by avoiding the iPSC state. OSKM factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc) accompanied by the JAK-STAT pathway inhibition, followed by the introduction of specific differentiation factors, directly reprogrammed mouse embryonic fibroblasts to chondroblasts. Our results showed the absence of intermediate induced pluripotent stem cell formation. The resulting aggregates showed clear hyaline and hypertrophic cartilage. Tumor formation was absent in sub-cutaneous capsules transplanted in SCID mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Cota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Health and Environment, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Charlie Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland. 20 Weightman St, Herston 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (P.C.); (S.A.H.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hsueh CM, Lin HM, Tseng TY, Huang YD, Lee HS, Dong CY. Dynamic observation and quantification of type I/II collagen in chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells by second-order susceptibility microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800097. [PMID: 29920965 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Second-order susceptibility (SOS) microscopy is used to image and characterize chondrogenesis in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells. SOS analysis shows that the SOS tensor ratios can be used to characterize type I and II collagens in living tissues and that both collagen types are produced at the onset of chondrogenesis. Time-lapse analysis shows a modulation of extracellular matrix results in a higher rate in increase of type II collagen, as compared to type I collagen. With time, type II collagen content stabilizes at the composition of 70% of total collagen content. SOS microscopy can be used to continuously and noninvasively monitor the production of collagens I and II. With additional development, this technique can be developed into an effective quality control tool for monitoring extracellular matrix production in engineered tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ming Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Te-Yu Tseng
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yao-De Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rim YA, Nam Y, Ju JH. Application of Cord Blood and Cord Blood-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:529-537. [PMID: 30251563 PMCID: PMC7103603 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718794864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of articular cartilage is of great interest in cartilage tissue engineering
since articular cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Due to the difficulty in
obtaining healthy cartilage for transplantation, there is a need to develop an alternative
and effective regeneration therapy to treat degenerative or damaged joint diseases. Stem
cells including various adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells are now actively used
in tissue engineering. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of cord blood
cells and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from these cells in cartilage
regeneration. The abilities of these cells to undergo chondrogenic differentiation are
also described. Finally, the technical challenges of articular cartilage regeneration and
future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Alice Rim
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- 1 CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,2 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uto S, Nishizawa S, Hikita A, Takato T, Hoshi K. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage regeneration in CLAWN miniature pig osteochondral replacement model. Regen Ther 2018; 9:58-70. [PMID: 30525076 PMCID: PMC6222263 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells have an advantage that they can proliferate without reduction of the quality, while they have risk of tumorigenesis. It is desirable that pluripotent stem cells can be utilized safely with minimal effort in cartilage regenerative medicine. To accomplish this, we examined the potential usefulness of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) after minimal treatment via cell isolation and hydrogel embedding for cartilage regeneration using a large animal model. Methods Porcine iPS-like cells were established from the CLAWN miniature pig. In vitro differentiation was examined for porcine iPS-like cells with minimal treatment. For the osteochondral replacement model, osteochondral defect was made in the quarters of the anteromedial sides of the proximal tibias in pigs. Porcine iPS-like cells and human iPS cells with minimal treatment were seeded on scaffold made of thermo-compression-bonded beta-TCP and poly-L-lactic acid and transplanted to the defect, and cartilage regeneration and tumorigenesis were evaluated. Results The in vitro analysis indicated that the minimal treatment was sufficient to weaken the pluripotency of the porcine iPS-like cells, while chondrogenic differentiation did not occur in vitro. When porcine iPS-like cells were transplanted into osteochondral replacement model after minimal treatment in vitro, cartilage regeneration was observed without tumor formation. Additionally, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) indicated that the chondrocytes in the regenerative cartilage originated from transplanted porcine iPS-like cells. Transplantation of human iPS cells also showed the regeneration of cartilage in miniature pigs under immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion Minimally-treated iPS cells will be a useful cell source for cartilage regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Uto
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Translational Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Cell & Tissue Engineering (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin GZ, Kim HW. Chondrogenic Potential of Dedifferentiated Rat Chondrocytes Reevaluated in Two- and Three-Dimensional Culture Conditions. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:163-172. [PMID: 30603544 PMCID: PMC6171694 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
For the cartilage repair, the cell sources currently adopted are primarily chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Due to the fact that chondrocytes dedifferentiate during 2-dimensional (2D) expansion, MSCs are generally more studied and considered to have higher potential for cartilage repair purposes. Here we question if the dedifferentiated chondrocytes can regain the chondrogenic potential, to find potential applications in cartilage repair. For this we chose chondrocytes at passage 12 (considered to have sufficiently dedifferentiated) and the expression of chondrogenic phenotypes and matrix syntheses were examined over 14 days. In particular, the chondrogenic potential of MSCs was also compared. Results showed that the dedifferentiated chondrocytes proliferated actively over 14 days with almost 2.5-fold increase relative to MSCs. Moreover, the chondrogenic ability of chondrocytes was significantly higher than that of MSCs, as confirmed by the expression of a series of mRNA levels and the production of cartilage extracellular matrix molecules in 2D-monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D)-spheroid cultures. Of note, the significance was higher in 3D-culture than in 2D-culture. Although more studies are needed such as the use of different cell passages and human cell source, and the chondrogenic confirmation under in vivo conditions, this study showing that the dedifferentiated chondrocytes can also be a suitable cell source for the cell-based cartilage repair, as a counterpart of MSCs, will encourage further studies regarding this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zayed M, Adair S, Ursini T, Schumacher J, Misk N, Dhar M. Concepts and challenges in the use of mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for cartilage damage in the horse. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:317-323. [PMID: 29601969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common form of joint disease affecting humans and horses, is characterized by the advance and decline of cartilage and loss of function of the affected joint. The progression of OA is steadily accompanied with biochemical events, which interfere with the cytokines and proteolytic enzymes responsible for progress of the disease. Recently, regenerative therapies have been used with an assumption that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the potential to prevent the advancement of cartilage damage and potentially regenerate the injured tissue with an ultimate goal of preventing OA. We believe that despite various challenges, the use of allogenic versus autologous MSCs in cartilage regeneration, is a major issue which can directly or indirectly affect the other factors including, the timing of implantation, dose or cell numbers for implantation, and the source of MSCs. Current knowledge reporting some of these challenges that the clinicians might face in the treatment of cartilage damage in horses are presented. In this regard we conducted two independent studies. In the first study we compared donor matched bone marrow and synovial fluid - derived equine MSCs in vitro, and showed that the SFMSCs were similar to the BMMSCs in their proliferation, expression of CD29, CD44 and CD90, but, exhibited a significantly different chondrogenesis. Additionally, 3.2-21% of all SFMSCs were positive for MHC II, whereas, BMMSCs were negative. In the second study we observed that injection of both the autologous and allogenic SFMSCs into the tarsocrural joint resulted in elevated levels of total protein and total nucleated cell counts. Further experiments to evaluate the in vivo acute or chronic response to allogenic or autologous MSCs are imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Steve Adair
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tena Ursini
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - James Schumacher
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nabil Misk
- Department of Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, 71526 Assuit, Egypt
| | - Madhu Dhar
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
In Vitro Production of Cartilage Tissue from Rabbit Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Polycaprolactone Scaffold. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1084:45-60. [PMID: 29299874 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In vitro production of tissues or tissue engineering is a promising approach to produce artificial tissues for regenerative medicine. There are at least three important components of tissue engineering, including stem cells, scaffolds and growth factors. This study aimed to produce cartilage tissues in vitro from culture and chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), induced by chondrogenesis medium, on biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. BMMSCs were isolated from rabbit bone marrow according to the standard protocol. The adherence, proliferation and differentiation of BMMSCs on scaffolds were investigated using two scaffold systems: PCL scaffolds and collagen-coated PCL (PCL/col) scaffolds. The results showed that BMMSCs could attach and grow on both PCL and PCL/col scaffolds. However, the adhesion efficacy of BMMSCs on the PCL/col scaffolds was significantly better than on PCL scaffolds. Under induced conditions, BMMSCs on PLC/col scaffolds showed increased aggrecan accumulation and upregulated expression of chondrogenesis-associated genes (e.g. collagen type II, collagen type I, aggrecan and collagen type X) after 3, 7, 21 and 28 days of induction. These in vitro cartilage tissues could form mature chondrocyte-like cells after they were grafted into rabbits. The results suggest that use of BMMSCs in combination with polycaprolactone scaffolds and chondrogenesis medium can be a way to form in vitro cartilage tissue.
Collapse
|
21
|
Park YB, Seo S, Kim JA, Heo JC, Lim YC, Ha CW. Effect of chondrocyte-derived early extracellular matrix on chondrogenesis of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:035014. [PMID: 26107298 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/3/035014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells contains a variety of proteins that provide structural support and regulate cellular functions. Previous studies have shown that decellularized ECM isolated from tissues or cultured cells can be used to improve cell differentiation in tissue engineering applications. In this study we evaluated the effect of decellularized chondrocyte-derived ECM (CDECM) on the chondrogenesis of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) in a pellet culture system. After incubation with or without chondrocyte-derived ECM in chondrogenic medium for 1 or 3 weeks, the sizes and wet masses of the cell pellets were compared with untreated controls (hPDMSCs incubated in chondrogenic medium without chondrocyte-derived ECM). In addition, histologic analysis of the cell pellets (Safranin O and collagen type II staining) and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, collagen type II, and SOX9) were carried out. Our results showed that the sizes and masses of hPDMSC pellets incubated with chondrocyte-derived ECM were significantly higher than those of untreated controls. Differentiation of hPDMSCs (both with and without chondrocyte-derived ECM) was confirmed by Safranin O and collagen type II staining. Chondrogenic marker expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were significantly higher in hPDMSC pellets incubated with chondrocyte-derived ECM compared with untreated controls, especially in cells precultured with chondrocyte-derived ECM for 7 d. Taken together, these results demonstrate that chondrocyte-derived ECM enhances the chondrogenesis of hPDMSCs, and this effect is further increased by preculture with chondrocyte-derived ECM. This preculture method for hPDMSC chondrogenesis represents a promising approach for cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jonsdottir-Buch SM, Sigurgrimsdottir H, Lieder R, Sigurjonsson OE. Expired and Pathogen-Inactivated Platelet Concentrates Support Differentiation and Immunomodulation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Culture. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1545-54. [PMID: 25198449 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x683043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet lysates have been reported as suitable cell culture supplement for cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The demand for safe and animal-free cultures of MSCs is linked to the potential application of MSCs in clinics. While the use of platelet lysates offers an alternative to animal serum in MSC cultures, obtaining supplies of fresh platelet concentrates for lysate production is challenging and raises concerns due to the already existing shortage of platelet donors. We have previously demonstrated that expired platelet concentrates may represent a good source of platelets for lysate production without competing with blood banks for platelet donors. The INTERCEPT Blood System™ treatment of platelet concentrates allows for prolonged storage up to 7 days, using highly specific technology based on amotosalen and UV-A light. The INTERCEPT system has therefore been implemented in blood processing facilities worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of INTERCEPT-treated, expired platelet concentrates, processed into platelet lysates, for the culture of MSCs compared to nontreated expired platelets. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured in media supplemented with either platelet lysates from traditionally prepared expired platelet concentrates or in platelet lysates from expired and pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates. The effects of pathogen inactivation on the ability of the platelets to support MSCs in culture were determined by evaluating MSC immunomodulation, immunophenotype, proliferation, and trilineage differentiation. Platelet lysates prepared from expired and pathogen-inactivated platelet concentrates supported MSC differentiation and immunosuppression better compared to traditionally prepared platelet lysates from expired platelet units. Pathogen inactivation of platelets with the INTERCEPT system prior to use in MSC culture had no negative effects on MSC immunophenotype or proliferation. In conclusion, the use of expired pathogen-inactivated platelet units from blood banks to prepare platelet lysates for the culture of MSCs is desirable and attainable.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamashita A, Liu S, Woltjen K, Thomas B, Meng G, Hotta A, Takahashi K, Ellis J, Yamanaka S, Rancourt DE. Cartilage tissue engineering identifies abnormal human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1978. [PMID: 23760219 PMCID: PMC3680803 DOI: 10.1038/srep01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety is the foremost issue in all human cell therapies, but human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) currently lack a useful safety indicator. Studies in chimeric mice have demonstrated that certain lines of iPSCs are tumorigenic; however a similar screen has not been developed for human iPSCs. Here, we show that in vitro cartilage tissue engineering is an excellent tool for screening human iPSC lines for tumorigenic potential. Although all human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and most iPSC lines tested formed cartilage safely, certain human iPSCs displayed a pro-oncogenic state, as indicated by the presence of secretory tumors during cartilage differentiation in vitro. We observed five abnormal iPSC clones amoungst 21 lines derived from five different reprogramming methods using three cellular origins. We conclude that in vitro cartilage tissue engineering is a useful approach to identify abnormal human iPSC lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu L, Bluguermann C, Kyupelyan L, Latour B, Gonzalez S, Shah S, Galic Z, Ge S, Zhu Y, Petrigliano FA, Nsair A, Miriuka SG, Li X, Lyons KM, Crooks GM, McAllister DR, Van Handel B, Adams JS, Evseenko D. Human developmental chondrogenesis as a basis for engineering chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2013; 1:575-89. [PMID: 24371811 PMCID: PMC3871393 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint injury and osteoarthritis affect millions of people worldwide, but attempts to generate articular cartilage using adult stem/progenitor cells have been unsuccessful. We hypothesized that recapitulation of the human developmental chondrogenic program using pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) may represent a superior approach for cartilage restoration. Using laser-capture microdissection followed by microarray analysis, we first defined a surface phenotype (CD166low/negCD146low/negCD73+CD44lowBMPR1B+) distinguishing the earliest cartilage committed cells (prechondrocytes) at 5–6 weeks of development. Functional studies confirmed these cells are chondrocyte progenitors. From 12 weeks, only the superficial layers of articular cartilage were enriched in cells with this progenitor phenotype. Isolation of cells with a similar immunophenotype from differentiating human PSCs revealed a population of CD166low/negBMPR1B+ putative cartilage-committed progenitors. Taken as a whole, these data define a developmental approach for the generation of highly purified functional human chondrocytes from PSCs that could enable substantial progress in cartilage tissue engineering. BMPR1B and LIFR mark immature primary chondrocytes throughout ontogeny LIF is highly expressed by synovial cells LIF inhibits chondrocyte maturation and hypertrophy Human development dictates how to generate chondrocyte-enriched progenitors from PSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carolina Bluguermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Nuerociencias, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Escobar B1625XAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Levon Kyupelyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brooke Latour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephanie Gonzalez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Saumya Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sundi Ge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ali Nsair
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Santiago G Miriuka
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo Celular, Laboratorios de Investigación Aplicada en Nuerociencias, Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia, Escobar B1625XAF, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xinmin Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David R McAllister
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - John S Adams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Denis Evseenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang K, Wang L, Han Q, Heng BC, Yang Z, Ge Z. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL FUNCTION AND INITIAL CELL SEEDING DENSITY OF PRIMARY PORCINE CHONDROCYTES IN VITRO. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237213400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of differentiated functional phenotype within in vitro chondrocyte culture requires seeding at high densities with large numbers of cells. However, optimal cell seeding numbers and densities remain elusive due to multiple varying parameters and different methodologies utilized in previous studies. In the current study, we tried to investigate the relationship between cell seeding number and differentiated functional phenotype of in vitro cultured chondrocytes. Varying numbers of primary porcine chondrocytes (0.25, 2.5, 25 and 250 K) were seeded in 96 well-plates and cultured for 4 weeks. Cell proliferation, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production and gene expression levels of Sox9, aggrecan, COL II and COL I were evaluated. The results showed that GAG content was high in the 0.25 and 25 K groups, gene expression of Sox9 was high in the 2.5, 25 and 250 K groups and expression of COL II was high in the 25 K group, whereas expression of COL I was low in the 0.25, 25 and 250 K groups. It is concluded that the seeding number and density of the 25 K (78 K cells/cm2) group achieved the optimal balance between functional phenotype of individual cells and the total ECM production for in vitro cultured chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Department of Biosystems Science & Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH-Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Yang
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Time-dependent processes in stem cell-based tissue engineering of articular cartilage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:863-81. [PMID: 22016073 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC), situated in diarthrodial joints at the end of the long bones, is composed of a single cell type (chondrocytes) embedded in dense extracellular matrix comprised of collagens and proteoglycans. AC is avascular and alymphatic and is not innervated. At first glance, such a seemingly simple tissue appears to be an easy target for the rapidly developing field of tissue engineering. However, cartilage engineering has proven to be very challenging. We focus on time-dependent processes associated with the development of native cartilage starting from stem cells, and the modalities for utilizing these processes for tissue engineering of articular cartilage.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cartilage tissue engineering using differentiated and purified induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:19172-7. [PMID: 23115336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210422109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of regenerative therapies for cartilage injury has been greatly aided by recent advances in stem cell biology. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to provide an abundant cell source for tissue engineering, as well as generating patient-matched in vitro models to study genetic and environmental factors in cartilage repair and osteoarthritis. However, both cell therapy and modeling approaches require a purified and uniformly differentiated cell population to predictably recapitulate the physiological characteristics of cartilage. Here, iPSCs derived from adult mouse fibroblasts were chondrogenically differentiated and purified by type II collagen (Col2)-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Col2 and aggrecan gene expression levels were significantly up-regulated in GFP+ cells compared with GFP- cells and decreased with monolayer expansion. An in vitro cartilage defect model was used to demonstrate integrative repair by GFP+ cells seeded in agarose, supporting their potential use in cartilage therapies. In chondrogenic pellet culture, cells synthesized cartilage-specific matrix as indicated by high levels of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen and low levels of type I and type X collagen. The feasibility of cell expansion after initial differentiation was illustrated by homogenous matrix deposition in pellets from twice-passaged GFP+ cells. Finally, atomic force microscopy analysis showed increased microscale elastic moduli associated with collagen alignment at the periphery of pellets, mimicking zonal variation in native cartilage. This study demonstrates the potential use of iPSCs for cartilage defect repair and for creating tissue models of cartilage that can be matched to specific genetic backgrounds.
Collapse
|
28
|
Responte DJ, Lee JK, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Biomechanics-driven chondrogenesis: from embryo to adult. FASEB J 2012; 26:3614-24. [PMID: 22673579 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-207241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanics plays a pivotal role in articular cartilage development, pathophysiology, and regeneration. During embryogenesis and cartilage maturation, mechanical stimuli promote chondrogenesis and limb formation. Mechanical loading, which has been characterized using computer modeling and in vivo studies, is crucial for maintaining the phenotype of cartilage. However, excessive or insufficient loading has deleterious effects and promotes the onset of cartilage degeneration. Informed by the prominent role of biomechanics, mechanical stimuli have been harnessed to enhance redifferentiation of chondrocytes and chondroinduction of other cell types, thus providing new chondrocyte cell sources. Biomechanical stimuli, such as hydrostatic pressure or compression, have been used to enhance the functional properties of neocartilage. By identifying pathways involved in mechanical stimulation, chemical equivalents that mimic mechanical signaling are beginning to offer exciting new methods for improving neocartilage. Harnessing biomechanics to improve differentiation, maintenance, and regeneration is emerging as pivotal toward producing functional neocartilage that could eventually be used to treat cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Responte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Shields Bahney
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Theodore Miclau, Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, San Francisco General Hospital, 2550 23rd Street, Building 9, 2nd Floor, San Francisco, CA 94119, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ahearne M, Buckley CT, Kelly DJ. A growth factor delivery system for chondrogenic induction of infrapatellar fat pad-derived stem cells in fibrin hydrogels. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:345-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
31
|
Shafa M, Sjonnesen K, Yamashita A, Liu S, Michalak M, Kallos MS, Rancourt DE. Expansion and long-term maintenance of induced pluripotent stem cells in stirred suspension bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:462-72. [PMID: 21761573 DOI: 10.1002/term.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can provide an important source of cells for the next-generation of cell therapies in regenerative medicine, in part due to their similarity to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Patient-specific iPSCs represent an opportunity for autologous cell therapies that are not restricted by immunological, ethical and technical obstacles. One of the technical hurdles that must be overcome before iPSCs can be clinically implemented is the scalable, reproducible production of iPSCs and their differentiated progeny. All of the iPSC lines established thus far have been generated and expanded with static tissue culture protocols, which are time-consuming and suffer from batch-to-batch variability. Alternatively, stirred suspension bioreactors propose several benefits and their homogeneous culture environment facilitates the large-scale expansion required for clinical studies at less cost. We have previously developed protocols for expanding murine and human ESCs as undifferentiated aggregates in stirred suspension bioreactors. The resulting cells were karyotypically normal, expressed pluripotency markers and could be differentiated into all three germ lineages, both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that stirred suspension bioreactors yield 58-fold expansion of undifferentiated pluripotent iPSCs over 4 days. In vitro differentiation into cartilage, bone and cardiomyocytes lineages, in addition to in vivo teratoma formation, further confirmed the existence of fully functional and undifferentiated pluripotent iPSC aggregates following long-term passaging. Stirred suspension bioreactor culture represents an efficient process for the large-scale expansion and maintenance of iPSCs, which is an important first step in their clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shafa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|