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Liu Y, Zhang X, Xiao C, Liu B. Engineered hydrogels for peripheral nerve repair. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100668. [PMID: 37273791 PMCID: PMC10232914 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a complex disease that often appears in young adults. It is characterized by a high incidence, limited treatment options, and poor clinical outcomes. This disease not only causes dysfunction and psychological disorders in patients but also brings a heavy burden to the society. Currently, autologous nerve grafting is the gold standard in clinical treatment, but complications, such as the limited source of donor tissue and scar tissue formation, often further limit the therapeutic effect. Recently, a growing number of studies have used tissue-engineered materials to create a natural microenvironment similar to the nervous system and thus promote the regeneration of neural tissue and the recovery of impaired neural function with promising results. Hydrogels are often used as materials for the culture and differentiation of neurogenic cells due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Hydrogels can provide three-dimensional hydration networks that can be integrated into a variety of sizes and shapes to suit the morphology of neural tissues. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of engineered hydrogels for peripheral nerve repair and analyze the role of several different therapeutic strategies of hydrogels in PNI through the application characteristics of hydrogels in nerve tissue engineering (NTE). Furthermore, the prospects and challenges of the application of hydrogels in the treatment of PNI are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130061, PR China
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2
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García-Briones GS, Laga R, Černochová Z, Arjona-Ruiz C, Janoušková O, Šlouf M, Pop-Georgievski O, Kubies D. Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles based on poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-block-poly(N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide] copolymers for delivery of heparin-binding proteins. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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3
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Abune L, Wang Y. Affinity Hydrogels for Protein Delivery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:300-312. [PMID: 33632537 PMCID: PMC7954985 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have been studied as therapeutic agents for treatment of various human diseases. However, the delivery of protein drugs into the body is challenging. In this review, we summarize and highlight progress in developing affinity hydrogels (i.e., hydrogels functionalized with protein-bound ligands) for controlled protein release. Contrary to traditional hydrogels, which release proteins mainly through diffusion, affinity hydrogels stably retain and sustainably release proteins based mainly on diffusion coupled with a binding reaction. These hydrogels can also be modulated to release proteins in response to defined molecules in a triggered manner. Future research efforts may focus on the development of intelligent affinity hydrogels to mimic the properties of human tissues in sensing different environmental stimuli for on-demand release of single or multiple proteins (i.e., biomimetic intelligence for protein delivery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Abune
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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4
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Niu Y, Zhang Y, He W, Xing P, Dong L, Li Q, Wang C. Engineering a microcarrier based on a polysaccharide-growth factor complex for enhancing the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 155:911-918. [PMID: 31712154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery has been broadly investigated as a cell-based therapy strategy towards various diseases and tissue injury. In these applications, the cell-delivery vehicle plays a crucial role in determining the therapeutic performance of MSCs and their fate post-implantation. We report here the development of a microcarrier system combining platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and a PDGF-BB-binding polysaccharide - Eucommia ulmoides (EUP3) - for MSC cultivation. First, we investigated the optimal conditions to prepare the EUP3-PDGF-BB complex, by comparing its i) diameter, ii) morphology, and iii) bioactivity to promote MSC proliferation and fibroblast migration in vitro, under different PDGF-BB/EUP3 ratios. Then, we fabricated microspheres using gelatin and EUP3 as the matrix while stabilizing PDGF-BB at the optimal ratio for MSC adhesion and growth. Live staining and SEM observation indicated that the prepared microspheric carrier supported MSC growth and maintained cell stemness. We suggest that the EUP3/PDGF-gelatin microcarriers can potentially serve as a cell-delivery vehicle for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Panfei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China; College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China.
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5
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Yim HE, Kim DS, Chung HC, Shing B, Moon KH, George SK, Kim MW, Atala Z, Kim JH, Ko IK, Yoo JJ. Controlled Delivery of Stem Cell-Derived Trophic Factors Accelerates Kidney Repair After Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:959-970. [PMID: 31144785 PMCID: PMC6708069 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal disease is a worldwide health issue. Besides transplantation, current therapies revolve around dialysis, which only delays disease progression but cannot replace other renal functions, such as synthesizing erythropoietin. To address these limitations, cell‐based approaches have been proposed to restore damaged kidneys as an alternative to current therapies. Recent studies have shown that stem cell‐derived secretomes can enhance tissue regeneration. However, many growth factors undergo rapid degradation when they are injected into the body in a soluble form. Efficient delivery and controlled release of secreting factors at the sites of injury would improve the efficacy in tissue regeneration. Herein, we developed a gel‐based delivery system for controlled delivery of trophic factors in the conditioned medium (CM) secreted from human placental stem cells (HPSCs) and evaluated the effect of trophic factors on renal regeneration. CM treatment significantly enhanced cell proliferation and survival in vitro. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was used as a delivery vehicle for CM. Analysis of the release kinetics demonstrated that CM delivery through the PRP gel resulted in a controlled release of the factors both in vitro and in vivo. In an acute kidney injury model in rats, functional and structural analysis showed that CM delivery using the PRP gel system into the injured kidney minimized renal tissue damage, leading to a more rapid functional recovery when compared with saline, CM, or vehicle only injection groups. These results suggest that controlled delivery of HPSC‐derived trophic factors may provide efficient repair of renal tissue injury. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:959&970
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Yim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Sang Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Chung
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Brian Shing
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyung Hyun Moon
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sunil K George
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael W Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - In Kap Ko
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Heparin-based coacervate of bFGF facilitates peripheral nerve regeneration by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress following sciatic nerve injury. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 28624802 PMCID: PMC5564628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Creating a microenvironment at the injury site that favors axonal regrowth and remyelinationis pivotal to the success of therapeutic reinnervation. The mature myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system depends on active participation of Schwann cells to form new cytoskeletal components and tremendous amounts of relevant neurotrophic factors. In this study, we utilized a new biomaterial for growth factor delivery consisting of a biocompatible polycation, poly(ethylene argininylaspartatediglyceride) and heparin. It is capable of binding a variety of growth factors to deliver basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) through polyvalent ionic interactions for nerve repair. In vitro assays demonstrated that the bFGF loading efficiency reached 10 μg and this delivery vehicle could control the release of bFGF. In vivo, the coacervate enhanced bFGF bioavailability, which improved both motor and sensory function. It could also acceleratemyelinated fiber regeneration and remyelination and promote Schwann cells proliferation. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of bFGF-coacervate in sciatic nerve injury was associated with the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signal. This heparin-based delivery platform leads to increased bFGF loading efficiency and better controls its release, which will provide an effective strategy for peripheral nerve injury regeneration therapy.
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7
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Silva C, Carretero A, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Novoa-Carballal R, Pashkuleva I. Design of protein delivery systems by mimicking extracellular mechanisms for protection of growth factors. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:283-293. [PMID: 28864252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are responsible for the storage and stabilization of numerous growth factors in the extracellular matrix. In this complex native environment, the efficient binding of the growth factors is determined by multivalent, specific and reversible electrostatic interactions between the sulfate groups of HSPGs and the positively charged amino acids of the growth factor. Inspired by this naturally occurring stabilization process, we propose the use of diblock copolymers of heparin and polyethylene glycol (Hep-b-PEG) for protection and delivery of FGF-2. We describe the encapsulation of FGF-2 into spontaneously assembling polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with Hep-b-PEG in which the Hep block ensures the formation of the PECs, while the PEG moiety confers stability of the generated complex by a stealth corona. Our results demonstrate that by this method we can generate homogeneous complexes (ca. 400nm diameter, PDI 0.29±0.07) with a very high encapsulation efficiency (about 99% encapsulated FGF-2). The release of the growth factor in response to different stimuli such as pH, ionic strength or presence of heparinase was also studied. We report a sustained release of up to 80% during 28days which is not influenced by the presence of heparinase - a result that clearly demonstrates the protective effect of the stealth corona. We also show that FGF-2 remains bioactive as it influences the morphology of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We describe a biopolymer that uses the way the cells shield a type of proteins (growth factors) to simultaneously assemble, slowly deliver and shield the protein in a "nanocarrier". Growth factors are essential for the regeneration of cartilage, bones by stem cell therapies but have a short life time as when added directly to tissues. Our design makes use of the heparin bioactivity towards such proteins in combination with a polyethylene glycol moiety (PEG) that makes a protecting shell. PEG, is biocompatible and used in approved medicines and countless cosmetic products. The highest novelty is the reaction (oxime click) used to bound these molecules that does not require modification of heparin and allows preservation of its bioactivity.
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8
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Guan ZY, Wu CY, Chen HY. Stepwise and Programmable Cell Differentiation Pathways of Controlled Functional Biointerfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1815-1821. [PMID: 33429662 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An advanced control of biomaterial surfaces was created to enable the stepwise and switchable activities of the immobilized growth factor (GF) proteins for a programmed manipulation over cell differentiation pathways. The GF protein was immobilized on an advanced vapor-based coating of poly[(4-2-amide-2'-amine-dithiobisethyl-p-xylylene)-co-(p-xylylene)], and the equipped disulfide exchange mechanism of the coating enables the detachment and/or the displacement of the previously installed GF to reinstall a second GF protein. In this study, the controlled immobilization and displacement of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) were demonstrated on cell culture substrates, and the resulting surfaces provided a programmable induction of cellular responses in proliferation and osteogenesis toward the cultured murine preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). A depreciated or stopped activity of the previously induced biological function, i.e., proliferation or osteogenesis, was found for MC3T3-E1 on the modified surface after the cleavage of the corresponding GF. In addition, with the approach to devise the displacement and reinstallation of FGF-2/BMP-2 proteins, a combined induction of proliferation and osteogenesis can be initiated in a timed latency to resolve programmable biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Guan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yeh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Vasanthan KS, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Development of Porous Hydrogel Scaffolds with Multiple Cues for Liver Tissue Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Lee MS, Ahmad T, Lee J, Awada HK, Wang Y, Kim K, Shin H, Yang HS. Dual delivery of growth factors with coacervate-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanofiber improves neovascularization in a mouse skin flap model. Biomaterials 2017; 124:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Winter HH, Perry SL. Linear viscoelasticity of complex coacervates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:46-60. [PMID: 27633928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheology is a powerful method for material characterization that can provide detailed information about the self-assembly, structure, and intermolecular interactions present in a material. Here, we review the use of linear viscoelastic measurements for the rheological characterization of complex coacervate-based materials. Complex coacervation is an electrostatically and entropically-driven associative liquid-liquid phase separation phenomenon that can result in the formation of bulk liquid phases, or the self-assembly of hierarchical, microphase separated materials. We discuss the need to link thermodynamic studies of coacervation phase behavior with characterization of material dynamics, and provide parallel examples of how parameters such as charge stoichiometry, ionic strength, and polymer chain length impact self-assembly and material dynamics. We conclude by highlighting key areas of need in the field, and specifically call for the development of a mechanistic understanding of how molecular-level interactions in complex coacervate-based materials affect both self-assembly and material dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - H Henning Winter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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12
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13
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Vapor-based coatings for antibacterial and osteogenic functionalization and the immunological compatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:283-91. [PMID: 27612715 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of biofunctional molecules to biomaterial surfaces has enabled and expanded the versatility of currently available biomaterials to a wider range of applications. In addition, immobilized biomolecules offer modified surfaces that allow the use of smaller amounts of potentially harmful substances or prevent overdose, while the exhibited biological functions remain persistently effective. Surface concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) (1.40±0.08×10(-9)mol·cm(-2)) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) (1.51±0.08×10(-11)mol·cm(-2)) immobilized molecules were determined in this study, and their specific biological functions in terms of antibacterial activity and osteogenesis potency, respectively, were demonstrated to be unambiguously effective. Immobilization exploits the use of vapor-based poly-p-xylylenes, which exhibit excellent biocompatibility and wide applicability for various substrate materials. This technique represents a practical and economical approach for the manufacture of certain industrial products. Furthermore, a minimal degree of macrophage activation was indicated on the modified surfaces via insignificant morphological changes and low levels of adverse inflammatory signals, including suppressed production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α as well as nitric oxide (NO). The results and the modification strategy illustrate a concept for designing prospective biomaterial surfaces such that the manipulation employed to elicit targeted biological responses does not compromise immunological compatibility.
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14
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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15
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Jin K, Li B, Lou L, Xu Y, Ye X, Yao K, Ye J, Gao C. In vivo vascularization of MSC-loaded porous hydroxyapatite constructs coated with VEGF-functionalized collagen/heparin multilayers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19871. [PMID: 26794266 PMCID: PMC4726420 DOI: 10.1038/srep19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and adequate vascularization is vital to the long-term success of porous orbital enucleation implants. In this study, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds coated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-functionalized collagen (COL)/heparin (HEP) multilayers (porosity 75%, pore size 316.8 ± 77.1 μm, VEGF dose 3.39 ng/mm3) were fabricated to enhance vascularization by inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells. The in vitro immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of the endothelial differentiation markers CD31, Flk-1, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) was significantly increased in the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group compared with the HA/VEGF/MSCs group. Moreover, the HA/(COL/HEP)5 scaffolds showed a better entrapment of the MSCs and accelerated cell proliferation. The in vivo assays showed that the number of newly formed vessels within the constructs after 28 d was significantly higher in the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group (51.9 ± 6.3/mm2) than in the HA (26.7 ± 2.3/mm2) and HA/VEGF/MSCs (38.2 ± 2.4/mm2) groups. The qRT-PCR and western blotting results demonstrated that the HA/(COL/HEP)5/VEGF/MSCs group also had the highest expression of CD31, Flk-1, and vWF at both the mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Bo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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16
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Roberts JJ, Farrugia BL, Green RA, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Martens PJ. In situ formation of poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels for mild encapsulation and prolonged release of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. J Tissue Eng 2016; 7:2041731416677132. [PMID: 27895888 PMCID: PMC5117248 DOI: 10.1177/2041731416677132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-based hydrogels are attractive for controlled growth factor delivery, due to the native ability of heparin to bind and stabilize growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor are heparin-binding growth factors that synergistically enhance angiogenesis. Mild, in situ encapsulation of both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor and subsequent bioactive dual release has not been demonstrated from heparin-crosslinked hydrogels, and the combined long-term delivery of both growth factors from biomaterials is still a major challenge. Both basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor were encapsulated in poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels and demonstrated controlled release. A model cell line, BaF32, was used to show bioactivity of heparin and basic fibroblast growth factor released from the gels over multiple days. Released basic fibroblast growth factor promoted higher human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth over 24 h and proliferation for 3 days than the poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels alone. The release of vascular endothelial growth factor from poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth but not significant proliferation. Dual-growth factor release of basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor from poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels resulted in a synergistic effect with significantly higher human umbilical vein endothelial cell outgrowth compared to basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor alone. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-heparin hydrogels allowed bioactive growth factor encapsulation and provided controlled release of multiple growth factors which is beneficial toward tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Penny J Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Azevedo HS, Pashkuleva I. Biomimetic supramolecular designs for the controlled release of growth factors in bone regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 94:63-76. [PMID: 26325686 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues is an assembly of insoluble macromolecules that specifically interact with soluble bioactive molecules and regulate their distribution and availability to cells. Recapitulating this ability has been an important target in controlled growth factor delivery strategies for tissue regeneration and requires the design of multifunctional carriers. This review describes the integration of supramolecular interactions on the design of delivery strategies that encompass self-assembling and engineered affinity components to construct advanced biomimetic carriers for growth factor delivery. Several glycan- and peptide-based self-assemblies reported in the literature are highlighted and commented upon. These examples demonstrate how molecular design and chemistry are successfully employed to create versatile multifunctional molecules which self-assemble/disassemble in a precisely predicted manner, thus controlling compartmentalization, transport and delivery. Finally, we discuss whether recent advances in the design and preparation of supramolecular delivery systems have been sufficient to drive real translation towards a clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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18
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Rauck BM, Novosat TL, Oudega M, Wang Y. Biocompatibility of a coacervate-based controlled release system for protein delivery to the injured spinal cord. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:204-11. [PMID: 25266504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of protein-based therapies for treating injured nervous tissue is limited by the short half-life of free proteins in the body. Affinity-based biomaterial delivery systems provide sustained release of proteins, thereby extending the efficacy of such therapies. Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of a novel coacervate delivery system based on poly(ethylene argininylaspartate diglyceride) (PEAD) and heparin in the damaged spinal cord. We found that the presence of the [PEAD:heparin] coacervate did not affect the macrophage response, glial scarring or nervous tissue loss, which are hallmarks of spinal cord injury. Moreover, the density of axons, including serotonergic axons, at the injury site and the recovery of motor and sensorimotor function were comparable in rats with and without the coacervate. These results revealed the biocompatibility of our delivery system and supported its potential to deliver therapeutic proteins to the injured nervous system.
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19
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Yaqoob U, Jagavelu K, Shergill U, de Assuncao T, Cao S, Shah VH. FGF21 promotes endothelial cell angiogenesis through a dynamin-2 and Rab5 dependent pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98130. [PMID: 24848261 PMCID: PMC4029959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of angiogenic molecules with cognate receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) is required for angiogenesis however the precise link between RTK binding, endocytosis, and signaling requires further investigation. Here, we use FGFR1 as a model to test the effects of the large GTPase and endocytosis regulatory molecule dynamin-2 on angiogenic signaling in context of distinct FGF ligands. In vitro, overexpression of dominant negative dynamin-2 (DynK44A) attenuates FGFR1 activation of Erk and tubulogenesis by FGF2. Furthermore, we identify FGF21, a non-classical, FGF ligand implicated in diverse human pathologies as an angiogenic molecule acting through FGFR1 and β-Klotho coreceptor. Disruption of FGFR1 activation of ERK by FGF21 is achieved by perturbation of the function of both dynamin-2 and Rab5 GTPase. In vivo, mice harboring endothelial selective overexpression of DynK44A, show impaired angiogenesis in response to FGF21. In conclusion, dynamin dependent endocytosis of FGFR1 is required for in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis in response to FGF2 and the non-classical FGF ligand, FGF21. These studies extend our understanding of the relationships between RTK binding, internalization, endosomal targeting, and angiogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Yaqoob
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Uday Shergill
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Thiago de Assuncao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sheng Cao
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (VHS)
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (VHS)
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20
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Tronci G, Ajiro H, Russell SJ, Wood DJ, Akashi M. Tunable drug-loading capability of chitosan hydrogels with varied network architectures. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:821-30. [PMID: 24157693 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Advanced bioactive systems with defined macroscopic properties and spatio-temporal sequestration of extracellular biomacromolecules are highly desirable for next generation therapeutics. Here, chitosan (CT) hydrogels were prepared with neutral or negatively charged cross-linkers in order to promote selective electrostatic complexation with charged drugs. CT was functionalized with varied dicarboxylic acids, such as tartaric acid, poly(ethylene glycol) bis(carboxymethyl) ether, 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (PhS), whereby PhS was hypothesized to act as a simple mimetic of heparin. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of CO amide I, N-H amide II and CO ester bands, providing evidence of covalent network formation. The cross-linker content was reversely quantified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance on partially degraded network oligomers, so that 18 mol.% PhS was exemplarily determined. Swellability (SR: 299 ± 65-1054 ± 121 wt.%), compressibility (E: 2.1 ± 0.9-9.2 ± 2.3 kPa), material morphology and drug-loading capability were successfully adjusted based on the selected network architecture. Here, hydrogel incubation with model drugs of varied electrostatic charge, i.e. allura red (AR, doubly negatively charged), methyl orange (MO, negatively charged) or methylene blue (MB, positively charged), resulted in direct hydrogel-dye electrostatic complexation. Importantly, the cationic compound, MB, showed different incorporation behaviours, depending on the electrostatic character of the selected cross-linker. In light of this tunable drug-loading capability, these CT hydrogels would be highly attractive as drug reservoirs towards e.g. the fabrication of tissue models in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tronci
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK; Nonwovens Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Stephen J Russell
- Nonwovens Research Group, Centre for Technical Textiles, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David J Wood
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds LS2 9LU, UK
| | - Mitsuru Akashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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21
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Robinson DE, Smith LE, Steele DA, Short RD, Whittle JD. Development of a surface to enhance the effectiveness of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Biomater Sci 2014; 2:875-882. [PMID: 32481820 DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00018h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors (GFs) play an important role in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis. GFs are known to bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix, aiding projection from degradation and pooling the GFs for quick response to biological stimuli in vivo. GFs are typically expensive and have a relatively short half-life in culture media, requiring regular replenishment. Here the cooperative binding of GF to a plasma polymerised surface decorated with heparin, and the subsequent culture of primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is investigated. A simple one-step technique suitable for coating a wide range of different substrates was utilised. Substrates such as culture-ware, scaffolds, bandages and devices for implantation could be coated. The modified surface was compared to standard culture techniques of addition of GF to the media. Results demonstrate that surface bound heparin and FGF-2 have a greater effect on cell proliferation especially at reduced serum concentrations. With performance equivalent to supplementing the media achieved at as little as 1% total FGF-2 added. The protective cooperative effect of FGF-2-GAG bound to modified surface at the interface could lead to reduced costs by reduction of FGF-2 required. Furthermore, for applications such as chronic non-healing wounds, bandages can be produced modified by plasma and decorated with GAGs that could utilise and protect important GFs. This would effectively re-introduce important biomolecules which are protected by GAG binding into a harsh environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Robinson
- Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
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22
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Awada HK, Johnson NR, Wang Y. Dual delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor coacervate displays strong angiogenic effects. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:679-86. [PMID: 24452960 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Controlled delivery of multiple growth factors (GFs) holds great potential for the clinical treatment of ischemic diseases and might be more therapeutically effective to reestablish vasculature than the provision of a single GF. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are two potent angiogenic factors. However, due to rapid degradation and dilution in the body, their clinical potential will rely on an effective mode of delivery. A coacervate, composed of heparin and a biodegradable polycation, which protects GFs from proteolysis and potentiates their bioactivities, is developed. Here, the coacervate incorporates VEGF and HGF and sustains their release for at least three weeks. Their strong angiogenic effects on endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation in vitro are confirmed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that coacervate-based delivery of these factors has stronger effects than free application of both factors and to coacervate delivery of each GF separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261-3649, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219-3110, USA
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23
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Nanoparticle mediated controlled delivery of dual growth factors. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:256-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Lee KW, Johnson NR, Gao J, Wang Y. Human progenitor cell recruitment via SDF-1α coacervate-laden PGS vascular grafts. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9877-85. [PMID: 24060423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Host cell recruitment is crucial for vascular graft remodeling and integration into the native blood vessel; it is especially important for cell-free strategies which rely on host remodeling. Controlled release of growth factors from vascular grafts may enhance host cell recruitment. Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α has been shown to induce host progenitor cell migration and recruitment; however, its potential in regenerative therapies is often limited due to its short half-life in vivo. This report describes a coacervate drug delivery system for enhancing progenitor cell recruitment into an elastomeric vascular graft by conferring protection of SDF-1α. Heparin and a synthetic polycation are used to form a coacervate, which is incorporated into poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) scaffolds. In addition to protecting SDF-1α, the coacervate facilitates uniform scaffold coating. Coacervate-laden scaffolds have high SDF-1α loading efficiency and provide sustained release under static and physiologically-relevant flow conditions with minimal initial burst release. In vitro assays showed that coacervate-laden scaffolds enhance migration and infiltration of human endothelial and mesenchymal progenitor cells by maintaining a stable SDF-1α gradient. These results suggest that SDF-1α coacervate-laden scaffolds show great promise for in situ vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee-Won Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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25
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Mohtaram NK, Montgomery A, Willerth SM. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the controlled release of neurotrophic factors. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:022001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/2/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Chu H, Chen CW, Huard J, Wang Y. The effect of a heparin-based coacervate of fibroblast growth factor-2 on scarring in the infarcted myocardium. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1747-56. [PMID: 23211448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective delivery of exogenous angiogenic growth factors can provide a new therapy for ischemic diseases. However, clinical translation of growth factor therapies faces multiples challenges; the most significant one is the short half-life of the naked protein. We use heparin and a nontoxic polycation to form an injectable coacervate that protects growth factors and preserves their bioactivities. Here we report the effectiveness of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) coacervate in reducing scar burden in a mouse myocardial infarction model. The coacervate provides spatial and temporal control of the release of heparin-binding proteins. Coacervate treated animals show lower level of inflammation, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte death in the infarcted myocardium. Histological evaluation indicates that FGF2 coacervate significantly increases the number of endothelial and mural cells and results in stable capillaries and arterioles to at least 6 weeks post injection. Echocardiographic assessment shows that FGF2 coacervate promotes cardiac contractibility and inhibits ventricular dilation, suggesting that the improvement at the tissue level leads to better cardiac functions. On the contrary, identical dosage of free FGF2 shows no statistical difference from saline or vehicle control in histological or functional assessment. Overall, injection of FGF2 coacervate ameliorated the ischemic injury caused by myocardial infarction. The promising data in rodent warrant further examination of the potential of clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunghao Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA
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27
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Johnson NR, Wang Y. Controlled delivery of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor yields fast and comprehensive wound healing. J Control Release 2012; 166:124-9. [PMID: 23154193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic process that relies on coordinated signaling molecules to succeed. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is proven to accelerate healing, however precise control over its application is necessary to reduce side effects and achieve desired therapeutic benefit. To achieve effective growth factor delivery we designed a bioactive heparin-based coacervate. In vitro, HB-EGF released from the coacervate delivery system displayed enhanced bioactivity and promoted human keratinocyte migration while preserving cell proliferative capability. In a mouse excisional full-thickness wound model, controlled release of HB-EGF within the wound significantly accelerated wound closure more effectively than an equal dosage of free HB-EGF. Healing was induced by rapid re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and accompanied by angiogenesis. Consistent with in vitro results, wounds treated with HB-EGF coacervate exhibited enhanced migration of keratinocytes with retained proliferative potential, forming a confluent layer for regained barrier function within 7 days. Collectively, these results suggest that coacervate-based controlled release of HB-EGF may serve as a new therapy to accelerate healing of cutaneous wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Ray Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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28
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Abbah SA, Liu J, Goh JCH, Wong HK. Enhanced control of in vivo bone formation with surface functionalized alginate microbeads incorporating heparin and human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:350-9. [PMID: 22894570 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a surface functionalization delivery platform incorporating heparin onto strontium alginate microbeads surfaces would convert this "naive carriers" into "mini-reservoirs" for localized in vivo delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) that will induce functional bone regeneration. In vitro evaluation confirmed that (1) heparin incorporation could immobilize and prolong rhBMP-2 release for approximately 3 weeks; (2) a significant decrease (p<0.01) in rhBMP-2 burst release is attainable depending on initial protein load; and (3) rhBMP-2 released from surface functionalized microbeads retained bioactivity and stimulated higher alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured C(2)C(12) cells when compared with daily administration of fresh bolus rhBMP-2. Subsequently, surface functionalized microbeads were used for in vivo delivery of rhBMP-2 at local sites of posterolateral spinal fusion surgery in rats. The microbeads were loaded into the pores of medical-grade polyepsilone caprolactone-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds before implantation. Results revealed robust bone formation and a biomechanically solid fusion after 6 weeks. When compared with a control group consisting of an equivalent amount of rhBMP-2 that was directly adsorbed onto bare-surfaced microbeads with no heparin, a 5.3-fold increase in bone volume fraction and a 2.6-fold increase in bending stiffness (flexion/extension) were observed. When compared with collagen sponge carriers of rhBMP-2, a 1.5-fold and a 1.3-fold increase in bone volume fraction and bending stiffness were observed, respectively. More importantly, 3D micro-computed tomography images enabled the visualization of a well-contained newly formed bone at ipsilateral implant sites with surface functionalized rhBMP-2 delivery. This was absent with collagen sponge carriers where newly formed bone tissue was poorly contained and crossed over the posterior midline to contralateral implants. These findings are important because of complications with current rhBMP-2 delivery method, including excessive, uncontrolled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Akogwu Abbah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Park HJ, Lee S, Kang KH, Heo CY, Kim JH, Yang HS, Kim BS. Enhanced random skin flap survival by sustained delivery of fibroblast growth factor 2 in rats. ANZ J Surg 2012; 83:354-8. [PMID: 22943384 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2012.06194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin flap survival is a major challenge in reconstructive plastic surgery. Here, we examined the effect of sustained delivery of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) using heparin-conjugated fibrin (HCF) on skin flap survival in rats. METHODS Rats with a skin flap received either phosphate-buffered saline/FGF2 or HCF/FGF2 in the recipient bed. For the no-treatment group, a random skin flap was sutured on the back without any treatment. Seven days after surgery, angiogenesis in the skin flap was evaluated by using Visitrak system and conventional healing quality scoring method. The efficacy of HCF/FGF2 in skin flap survival was evaluated by comparing the results from different groups. RESULTS The necrotic area of the skin flap significantly decreased in the HCF/FGF2 group as compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION The sustained delivery of FGF2 using HCF has a therapeutic potential to improve skin flap survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Joon Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis aims at treating ischemic diseases by generating new blood vessels from existing vasculature. It relies on delivery of exogenous factors to stimulate neovasculature formation. Current strategies using genes, proteins and cells have demonstrated efficacy in animal models. However, clinical translation of any of the three approaches has proved to be challenging for various reasons. Administration of angiogenic factors is generally considered safe, according to accumulated trials, and offers off-the-shelf availability. However, many hurdles must be overcome before therapeutic angiogenesis can become a true human therapy. This article will highlight protein-based therapeutic angiogenesis, concisely review recent progress and examine critical challenges. We will discuss growth factors that have been widely utilized in promoting angiogenesis and compare their targets and functions. Lastly, since bolus injection of free proteins usually result in poor outcomes, we will focus on controlled release of proteins.
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31
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Abbah SA, Liu J, Lam RWM, Goh JCH, Wong HK. In vivo bioactivity of rhBMP-2 delivered with novel polyelectrolyte complexation shells assembled on an alginate microbead core template. J Control Release 2012; 162:364-72. [PMID: 22846985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions between polycations and polyanions are being explored to fabricate polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) that could entrap and regulate the release of a wide range of biomolecules. Here, we report the in vivo application of PEC shells fabricated from three different polycations: poly-l-ornithine (PLO), poly-l-arginine (PLA) and DEAE-dextran (DEAE-D) to condense heparin on the surface of alginate microbeads and further control the delivery of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in spinal fusion application. We observed large differences in the behavior of PEC shells fabricated from the cationic polyamino acids (PLO and PLA) when compared to the cationic polysaccharide, DEAE-D. Whereas DEAE-D-based PEC shells eroded and released rhBMP-2 over 2 days in vitro, PLO- and PLA-based shells retained at least 60% of loaded rhBMP-2 after 3 weeks of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline. In vivo implantation in a rat model of posterolateral spinal fusion revealed robust bone formation in the PLO- and PLA-based PEC shell groups. This resulted in a significantly enhanced mechanical stability of the fused segments. However, bone induction and biomechanical stability of spine segments implanted with DEAE-D-based carriers were significantly inferior to both PLO- and PLA-based PEC shell groups (p<0.01). From these results, we conclude that PEC shells incorporating native heparin could be used for growth factor delivery in functional bone tissue engineering application and that PLA- and PLO-based complexes could represent superior options to DEAE-D for loading and in vivo delivery of bioactive BMP-2 in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny-Akogwu Abbah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Huang Z, Ye C, Liu Z, Wang X, Chen H, Liu Y, Tang L, Zhao H, Wang J, Feng W, Li X. Solid-Phase N-Terminus PEGylation of Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Heparin-Sepharose Column. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:740-50. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Normal Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chaohui Ye
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huaibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202,
United States
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of
Biotechnology
and Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Normal Bethune Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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33
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Huang YC, Liu TJ. Mobilization of mesenchymal stem cells by stromal cell-derived factor-1 released from chitosan/tripolyphosphate/fucoidan nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:1048-56. [PMID: 22200609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is an important chemokine in stem cell mobilization, and plays a critical role in the biological and physiological functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). However, the use of SDF-1 in tissue regeneration is limited by two drawbacks, which are its short half-life and ready degradation by enzymes. This study investigates the release of SDF-1 from chitosan-based nanoparticles (NP) and evaluates the effect of released SDF-1 on the migration of MSC. Among the prepared chitosan-based NP a chitosan/tripolyphosphate/fucoidan (CS/TPP/F) NP is the most effective carrier for SDF-1 release. CS/TPP/F NP are spherical and effectively encapsulate SDF-1. The CS/TPP/F NP protected SDF-1 against proteolysis and heat treatment and controlled its release for up to 7 days. The concentration of released SDF-1 reached 23 ng ml(-1). According to in vitro experiments on cells the released SDF-1 retained its mitogenic activity, promoted the migration of MSC and enhanced PI3K expression. Biocompatible CS/TPP/F NP may be effective as carriers for the delivery and controlled release of SDF-1 to mobilize stem cells in tissue engineering applications.
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Vasanthan KS, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Role of biomaterials, therapeutic molecules and cells for hepatic tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:742-52. [PMID: 22265845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current liver transplantation strategies face severe shortcomings owing to scarcity of donors, immunogenicity, prohibitive costs and poor survival rates. Due to the lengthy list of patients requiring transplant, high mortality rates are observed during the endless waiting period. Tissue engineering could be an alternative strategy to regenerate the damaged liver and improve the survival and quality of life of the patient. The development of an ideal scaffold for liver tissue engineering depends on the nature of the scaffold, its architecture and the presence of growth factors and recognition motifs. Biomimetic scaffolds can simulate the native extracellular matrix for the culture of hepatocytes to enable them to exhibit their functionality both in vitro and in vivo. This review highlights the physiology and pathophysiology of liver, the current treatment strategies, use of various scaffolds, incorporation of adhesion motifs, growth factors and stem cells that can stabilize and maintain hepatocyte cultures for a long period.
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Sharma AK, Bury MI, Fuller NJ, Rozkiewicz DI, Hota PV, Kollhoff DM, Webber MJ, Tapaskar N, Meisner JW, Lariviere PJ, Destefano S, Wang D, Ameer GA, Cheng EY. Growth factor release from a chemically modified elastomeric poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) thin film promotes angiogenesis in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:561-70. [PMID: 22162300 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate success of in vivo organ formation utilizing ex vivo expanded "starter" tissues relies heavily upon the level of vascularization provided by either endogenous or artificial induction of angiogenic or vasculogenic events. To facilitate proangiogenic outcomes and promote tissue growth, an elastomeric scaffold previously shown to be instrumental in the urinary bladder regenerative process was modified to release proangiogenic growth factors. Carboxylic acid groups on poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) films (POCfs) were modified with heparan sulfate creating a heparan binding POCf (HBPOCf). Release of proangiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from HBPOCfs demonstrated an approximate threefold increase over controls during a 30-day time course in vitro. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated significant topological differences between films. Subcutaneous implantation of POCf alone, HBPOCf, POCf-VEGF, and HBPOCf-VEGF within the dorsa of nude rats yielded increased vascular growth in HBPOCf-VEGF constructs. Vessel quantification studies revealed that POCfs alone contained 41.1 ± 4.1 vessels/mm², while HBPOCf, POCf-VEGF, and HBPOCF-VEGF contained 41.7 ± 2.6, 76.3 ± 9.4, and 167.72 ± 15.3 vessels/mm², respectively. Presence of increased vessel growth was demonstrated by CD31 and vWF immunostaining in HBPOCf-VEGF implanted areas. Data demonstrate that elastomeric POCfs can be chemically modified and possess the ability to promote angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Memorial Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.
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Chu H, Gao J, Wang Y. Design, synthesis, and biocompatibility of an arginine-based polyester. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 28:257-64. [PMID: 22034156 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polycations are very useful in biotechnology. However, most existing polycations have high toxicity that significantly limits their clinical translation. We designed poly(ethylene argininylaspartate diglyceride) (PEAD) that is based on arginine, aspartic acid, glycerol, and ethylene glycol. A set of in vitro assays demonstrated that PEAD exhibited no cytotoxicity at 1 mg/mL, which is at least 100 times higher than the widely used polycation-polyethylenimine. Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg PEAD in rats did not cause an adverse response acutely or after 4 weeks. Zeta potential measurements revealed that PEAD has high affinity to biological polyanions such as DNA and hyaluronic acid. This polycation represents a new platform of biocompatible polycations that may lead to clinical innovations in gene therapy, controlled release, tissue engineering, biosensors, and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunghao Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Yao C, Li A, Gao W, Pallua N, Steffens G. Improving the angiogenic potential of collagen matrices by covalent incorporation of Astragalus polysaccharides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2011; 1:17-26. [PMID: 22928154 PMCID: PMC3415939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The high degree of degradation and the low angiogenic capabilities of temporary tissue substitutes still represent a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. In an attempt to meet some of these challenges we covalently incorporated Astragalus polysaccharides, a plant extract with angiogenic properties, into collagen matrices. This contribution aims at developing a three-dimensional scaffold for temporarily covering tissue defects in tissue engineering and wound healing e.g. third degree burn wounds. Collagen matrices were modified by incorporating Astragalus polysaccharides (Ap) by means of covalent cross-linking with the watersoluble carbodiimide EDC. Matrices with different Ap/EDC ratios were prepared. After intensively washing of collagen matrices, the Ap modified and non-modified collagen matrices were exposed to the chorioallantoic membrane or implanted into subcutaneous pockets of rats. The number of capillaries in the chorioallantoic membrane in the vicinity of the samples, the hemoglobin contents within the explants and the hydroxyproline contents in the tissues attached to the explants were enhanced. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the explants revealed an increase in the recruitment of CD34+-cells in the modified matrices, indicative of improved angiogenic capabilities. To explore the underlying mechanisms, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to varying concentrations of Ap, collagen I and combinations thereof. The proliferative and chemotactic activities of HUVECs, as well as the protein expression of integrin αV, were strongly enhanced. The modification of collagen matrices with Astragalus polysaccharides of Ap with the cross-linking agent EDC leads to matrices with an increased angiogenic potential. The angiogenic capabilities of the modified collagen matrices appeared to depend on the Ap to EDC ratio. The presented results demonstrate that the incorporation of Astragalus polysaccharides into collagen matrices is an interesting and promising alternative for making wound dressings more angiogenic and improving their capabilities for covering tissue defects.
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Injectable fibroblast growth factor-2 coacervate for persistent angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:13444-9. [PMID: 21808045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110121108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the maturity of the newly formed blood vessels is critical for the success of therapeutic angiogenesis. The maturation of vasculature relies on active participation of mural cells to stabilize endothelium and a basal level of relevant growth factors. We set out to design and successfully achieved robust angiogenesis using an injectable polyvalent coacervate of a polycation, heparin, and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2). FGF2 was loaded into the coacervate at nearly 100% efficiency. In vitro assays demonstrated that the matrix protected FGF2 from proteolytic degradations. FGF2 released from the coacervate was more effective in the differentiation of endothelial cells and chemotaxis of pericytes than free FGF2. One injection of 500 ng of FGF2 in the coacervate elicited comprehensive angiogenesis in vivo. The number of endothelial and mural cells increased significantly, and the local tissue contained more and larger blood vessels with increased circulation. Mural cells actively participated during the whole angiogenic process: Within 7 d of the injection, pericytes were recruited to close proximity of the endothelial cells. Mature vasculature stabilized by vascular smooth muscle cells persisted till at least 4 wk. On the other hand, bolus injection of an identical amount of free FGF2 induced weak angiogenic responses. These results demonstrate the potential of polyvalent coacervate as a new controlled delivery platform.
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