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Johnson CS, Williams M, Sham K, Belluschi S, Ma W, Wang X, Lau WWY, Kaufmann KB, Krivdova G, Calderbank EF, Mende N, McLeod J, Mantica G, Li J, Grey-Wilson C, Drakopoulos M, Basheer S, Sinha S, Diamanti E, Basford C, Wilson NK, Howe SJ, Dick JE, Göttgens B, Green AR, Francis N, Laurenti E. Adaptation to ex vivo culture reduces human hematopoietic stem cell activity independently of the cell cycle. Blood 2024; 144:729-741. [PMID: 38805639 PMCID: PMC7616366 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Loss of long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) function ex vivo hampers the success of clinical protocols that rely on culture. However, the kinetics and mechanisms through which this occurs remain incompletely characterized. In this study, through time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing, matched in vivo functional analysis, and the use of a reversible in vitro system of early G1 arrest, we defined the sequence of transcriptional and functional events that occur during the first ex vivo division of human LT-HSCs. We demonstrated that the sharpest loss in LT-HSC repopulation capacity happens early on, between 6 and 24 hours of culture, before LT-HSCs commit to cell cycle progression. During this time window, LT-HSCs adapt to the culture environment, limit the global variability in gene expression, and transiently upregulate gene networks involved in signaling and stress responses. From 24 hours, LT-HSC progression past early G1 contributes to the establishment of differentiation programs in culture. However, contrary to the current assumptions, we demonstrated that the loss of HSC function ex vivo is independent of cell cycle progression. Finally, we showed that targeting LT-HSC adaptation to culture by inhibiting the early activation of JAK/STAT signaling improves HSC long-term repopulating function ex vivo. Collectively, our study demonstrated that controlling early LT-HSC adaptation to ex vivo culture, for example, via JAK inhibition, is critically important to improve HSC gene therapy and expansion protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carys S Johnson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Williams
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Belluschi
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Winnie W Y Lau
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kerstin B Kaufmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriela Krivdova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emily F Calderbank
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Mende
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Giovanna Mantica
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Li
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Grey-Wilson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Drakopoulos
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shaaezmeen Basheer
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhankar Sinha
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Basford
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Howe
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Francis
- Cell Process Development, Cell and Gene Therapy, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Branco A, Rayabaram J, Miranda CC, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Fernandes TG, Sajja S, da Silva CL, Vemuri MC. Advances in ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for clinical applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1380950. [PMID: 38846805 PMCID: PMC11153805 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1380950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As caretakers of the hematopoietic system, hematopoietic stem cells assure a lifelong supply of differentiated populations that are responsible for critical bodily functions, including oxygen transport, immunological protection and coagulation. Due to the far-reaching influence of the hematopoietic system, hematological disorders typically have a significant impact on the lives of individuals, even becoming fatal. Hematopoietic cell transplantation was the first effective therapeutic avenue to treat such hematological diseases. Since then, key use and manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells for treatments has been aspired to fully take advantage of such an important cell population. Limited knowledge on hematopoietic stem cell behavior has motivated in-depth research into their biology. Efforts were able to uncover their native environment and characteristics during development and adult stages. Several signaling pathways at a cellular level have been mapped, providing insight into their machinery. Important dynamics of hematopoietic stem cell maintenance were begun to be understood with improved comprehension of their metabolism and progressive aging. These advances have provided a solid platform for the development of innovative strategies for the manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Specifically, expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell pool has triggered immense interest, gaining momentum. A wide range of approaches have sprouted, leading to a variety of expansion systems, from simpler small molecule-based strategies to complex biomimetic scaffolds. The recent approval of Omisirge, the first expanded hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell product, whose expansion platform is one of the earliest, is predictive of further successes that might arise soon. In order to guarantee the quality of these ex vivo manipulated cells, robust assays that measure cell function or potency need to be developed. Whether targeting hematopoietic engraftment, immunological differentiation potential or malignancy clearance, hematopoietic stem cells and their derivatives need efficient scaling of their therapeutic potency. In this review, we comprehensively view hematopoietic stem cells as therapeutic assets, going from fundamental to translational.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Branco
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Janakiram Rayabaram
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Invitrogen Bioservices, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- AccelBio, Collaborative Laboratory to Foster Translation and Drug Discovery, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suchitra Sajja
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Invitrogen Bioservices, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Sakurai M, Ishitsuka K, Becker HJ, Yamazaki S. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells and clinical applications. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:698-705. [PMID: 38221718 PMCID: PMC10921004 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare population of cells found in the bone marrow that play a critical role in lifelong hematopoiesis and the reconstitution of the hematopoietic system after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for patients with refractory hematologic disorders, and umbilical cord blood (CB) serves as an alternative stem cell source due to its several advantageous characteristics, including human leukocyte antigen flexibility and reduced donor burden. However, CB also has the disadvantage of containing a small number of cells, resulting in limited donor selection and a longer time for engraftment. Therefore, the development of techniques to expand HSCs ex vivo, particularly umbilical CB, is a goal in hematology. While various combinations of cytokines were once the mainstream approach, these protocols had limited expansion rates and did not lead to clinical application. However, in recent years, the development of a technique in which small molecules are added to cytokines has enabled the stable, long-term ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. Clinical trials of expanded umbilical CB using these techniques have been undertaken and have confirmed their efficacy and safety. In addition, we have successfully developed a recombinant-cytokine-free and albumin-free culture system for the long-term expansion of human HSCs. This approach could offer the potential for more selective expansion of human HSCs compared to previous protocols. This review discusses ex vivo culture protocols for expanding human HSCs and presents the results of clinical trials using these techniques, along with future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sakurai
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kantaro Ishitsuka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
| | - Hans Jiro Becker
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineTsukuba UniversityTsukubaJapan
- Division of Cell Regulation, Center of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Fernandes SS, Limaye LS, Kale VP. Differentiated Cells Derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Applications in Translational Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:29-43. [PMID: 34114129 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their development are one of the most widely studied model systems in mammals. In adults, HSCs are predominantly found in the bone marrow, from where they maintain homeostasis. Besides bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, cord blood is also being used as an alternate allogenic source of transplantable HSCs. HSCs from both autologous and allogenic sources are being applied for the treatment of various conditions like blood cancers, anemia, etc. HSCs can further differentiate to mature blood cells. Differentiation process of HSCs is being extensively studied so as to obtain a large number of pure populations of various differentiated cells in vitro so that they can be taken up for clinical trials. The ability to generate sufficient quantity of clinical-grade specialized blood cells in vitro would take the field of hematology a step ahead in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalita S Limaye
- Stem Cell Lab, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Niazi V, Taheri M, Basiri A. Effect of Small Molecule on ex vivo Expansion of Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells: A Concise Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649115. [PMID: 33898442 PMCID: PMC8063724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a group of cells being produced during embryogenesis to preserve the blood system. They might also be differentiated to non-hematopoietic cells, including neural, cardiac and myogenic cells. Therefore, they have vast applications in the treatment of human disorders. Considering the restricted quantities of HSCs in the umbilical cord blood, inadequate mobilization of bone marrow stem cells, and absence of ethnic dissimilarity, ex vivo expansion of these HSCs is an applicable method for obtaining adequate amounts of HSCs. Several molecules such as NR-101, zVADfmk, zLLYfmk, Nicotinamide, Resveratrol, the Copper chelator TEPA, dmPGE2, Garcinol, and serotonin have been used in combination of cytokines to expand HSCs ex vivo. The most promising results have been obtained from cocktails that influence multipotency and self-renewal features from different pathways. In the current manuscript, we provide a concise summary of the effects of diverse small molecules on expansion of cord blood HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niazi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Basiri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Asghari MH, Ebrahimi M. Combination of SB431542, Chir9901, and Bpv as a novel supplement in the culture of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:474. [PMID: 33168035 PMCID: PMC7650159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small molecule compounds have been well recognized for their promising power in the generation, expansion, and maintenance of embryonic or adult stem cells. The aim of this study was to identify a novel combination of small molecules in order to optimize the ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. Methods Considering the most important signaling pathways involved in the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, CB-CD34+ cells were expanded with cytokines in the presence of seven small molecules including SB, PD, Chir, Bpv, Pur, Pμ, and NAM. The eliminativism approach was used to find the best combination of selected small molecules for effective ex vivo expansion of CD34+ cell. In each step, proliferation, self-renewal, and clonogenic potential of the expanded cells as well as expression of some hematopoietic stem cell-related genes were studied. Finally, the engraftment potential of expanded cells was also examined by the mouse intra-uterine transplantation model. Results Our data shows that the simultaneous use of SB431542 (TGF-β inhibitor), Chir9901 (GSK3 inhibitor), and Bpv (PTEN inhibitor) resulted in a 50-fold increase in the number of CD34+CD38− cells. This was further reflected in approximately 3 times the increase in the clonogenic potential of the small molecule cocktail-expanded cells. These cells, also, showed a 1.5-fold higher engraftment potential in the peripheral blood of the NMRI model of in utero transplantation. These results are in total conformity with the upregulation of HOXB4, GATA2, and CD34 marker gene as well as the CXCR4 homing gene. Conclusion Taken together, our findings introduce a novel combination of small molecules to improve the yield of existing protocols used in the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.,Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Asghari
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, P.O. Box, Tehran, 19395-4644, Iran.
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Desoutter J, Ossart C, Lacassagne MN, Regnier A, Marolleau JP, Harrivel V. Cryopreservation and thawing of hematopoietic stem cell CD34-induced apoptosis through caspase pathway activation: Key role of granulocytes. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:612-618. [PMID: 31056424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell damage inescapably occurs during both the freezing and the thawing graft processes for autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. To estimate HSC injury, a quality control is performed including: (i) CD34+ quantification; (ii) percentage of CD34+ viability and (iii) evaluation of HSC functional ability to form colony forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). Apoptosis involves complex pathways such as caspase enzymes. Here, we assess the extent of apoptosis that is caspase-dependent before and after cryoconservation of CD34+, using a Fluorescent Labeled Inhibitor of CAspases (FLICA). METHODS Caspase pathway activation status was evaluated in 46 patients (multiple myeloma [n = 24], lymphoma [n = 22]), by flow cytometry, using a 7-aminoactinomycin-D (7AAD)/FLICA staining test, in CD34+, CD3+, CD14+ and CD56+ cells. Viable 7AAD-/FLICA+ cells were then correlated with various parameters. RESULTS We showed a significant caspase pathway activation, with 23% CD34+/7AAD-/FLICA+ cells after thawing, compared with the 2% described in fresh CD34+ cells (P < 0.0001). Moreover, caspase pathway was significantly activated in thawing CD3+, CD56+ and CD14+ cells. We also report a significant correlation between the rate of CD34+/7AAD-/FLICA+ cells and post-thawing granulocytes count (P = 0.042) and their potential to be differentiated into CFU-GM (P = 0.004). DISCUSSION Our results show substantial cell death, induced by the increase of caspase pathway activation, secondary to the thawing process, and across all study cell types. This observation may affect the immune response quality during recipient aplasia, without detecting a clinical impact. Moreover, caspase pathway activation through CD3+ and CD56+ subpopulations could modify the therapeutic result of donor lymphocytes infusion (DLI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Desoutter
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre de Biologie Humaine, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - Christele Ossart
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Marie-Noëlle Lacassagne
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Aline Regnier
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Jean Pierre Marolleau
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Veronique Harrivel
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Centre de Biologie Humaine, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
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Vadakke-Madathil S, Limaye LS, Kale VP, Chaudhry HW. Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Using Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2029:235-246. [PMID: 31273746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9631-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a widely used laser-based technology for rapid analysis of the expression of cell surface antigens and intracellular molecules in various cell types including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Multiparametric analysis of individual cells within a short time frame makes this tool attractive and indispensable in the field of stem cell research. This is accomplished by harnessing the specific light scattering ability of the cell type, which determines its size and internal complexity. In addition, use of fluorescently conjugated antibodies allows the detection of a specific surface or intracellular antigen present at that particular stage. Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is used to separate a subset of cells from a heterogeneous cell population based on fluorescent labeling. Here we describe the general principles of flow cytometry and detailed methods for the isolation of HSPCs using flow cytometry as a tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaijayanti P Kale
- National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune, India.,Symbiosis Center for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Pune, India
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Karatepe K, Zhu H, Zhang X, Guo R, Kambara H, Loison F, Liu P, Yu H, Ren Q, Luo X, Manis J, Cheng T, Ma F, Xu Y, Luo HR. Proteinase 3 Limits the Number of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Murine Bone Marrow. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1092-1105. [PMID: 30392974 PMCID: PMC6235012 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo self-renewal and differentiation to guarantee a constant supply of short-lived blood cells. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine HSPC fate, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that Proteinase 3 (PR3), a serine protease mainly confined to granulocytes, is also expressed in HSPCs. PR3 deficiency intrinsically suppressed cleavage and activation of caspase-3, leading to expansion of the bone marrow (BM) HSPC population due to decreased apoptosis. PR3-deficient HSPCs outcompete the long-term reconstitution potential of wild-type counterparts. Collectively, our results establish PR3 as a physiological regulator of HSPC numbers. PR3 inhibition is a potential therapeutic target to accelerate and increase the efficiency of BM reconstitution during transplantation. Proteinase 3 (PR3) is expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) Deficiency of PR3 leads to expansion of HSPCs in murine bone marrow PR3 regulates spontaneous HSPC apoptosis by cleaving and activating caspase-3
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutay Karatepe
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Qian Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Manis
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Fengxia Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuanfu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin 300020, China.
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Lab Medicine, The Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Ebrahimi M. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate by Small Molecule Compounds. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1175-1190. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Bari S, Zhong Q, Fan X, Poon Z, Lim AST, Lim TH, Dighe N, Li S, Chiu GNC, Chai CLL, Hwang WYK. Ex Vivo Expansion of CD34 + CD90 + CD49f + Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Non-Enriched Umbilical Cord Blood with Azole Compounds. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:376-393. [PMID: 29392885 PMCID: PMC5905230 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplants in adults have slower hematopoietic recovery compared to bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) stem cells mainly due to low number of total nucleated cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). As such in this study, we aimed to perform ex vivo expansion of UCB HSPC from non-enriched mononucleated cells (MNC) using novel azole-based small molecules. Freshly-thawed UCB-MNC were cultured in expansion medium supplemented with small molecules and basal cytokine cocktail. The effects of the expansion protocol were measured based on in vitro and in vivo assays. The proprietary library of >50 small molecules were developed using structure-activity-relationship studies of SB203580, a known p38-MAPK inhibitor. A particular analog, C7, resulted in 1,554.1 ± 27.8-fold increase of absolute viable CD45+ CD34+ CD38- CD45RA- progenitors which was at least 3.7-fold higher than control cultures (p < .001). In depth phenotypic analysis revealed >600-fold expansion of CD34+ /CD90+ /CD49f+ rare HSPCs coupled with significant (p < .01) increase of functional colonies from C7 treated cells. Transplantation of C7 expanded UCB grafts to immunodeficient mice resulted in significantly (p < .001) higher engraftment of human CD45+ and CD45+ CD34+ cells in the PB and BM by day 21 compared to non-expanded and cytokine expanded grafts. The C7 expanded grafts maintained long-term human multilineage chimerism in the BM of primary recipients with sustained human CD45 cell engraftment in secondary recipients. In conclusion, a small molecule, C7, could allow for clinical development of expanded UCB grafts without pre-culture stem cell enrichment that maintains in vitro and in vivo functionality. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:376-393.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Bari
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qixing Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science and Technology Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiubo Fan
- Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Tse Hui Lim
- Molecular Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Niraja Dighe
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shang Li
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gigi Ngar Chee Chiu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - William Ying Khee Hwang
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Cord Blood Bank, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Jacobson EF, Tzanakakis ES. Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to functional pancreatic cells for diabetes therapies: Innovations, challenges and future directions. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:21. [PMID: 28680477 PMCID: PMC5494890 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the expansion and directed pancreatogenic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have intensified efforts to generate functional pancreatic islet cells, especially insulin-secreting β-cells, for cell therapies against diabetes. However, the consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin-releasing cells remains challenging. In this article, we first present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which frequently serves as a basis for engineering differentiation regimens. Next, past and current efforts are critically discussed for the conversion of hPSCs along pancreatic cell lineages, including endocrine β-cells and α-cells, as well as exocrine cells with emphasis placed on the later stages of commitment. Finally, major challenges and future directions are examined, such as the identification of factors for in vivo maturation, large-scale culture and post processing systems, cell loss during differentiation, culture economics, efficiency, and efficacy and exosomes and miRNAs in pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Jacobson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Room 276A, Medford, MA 02155 USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
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13
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State-of-the-Art CT Imaging of the Left Atrium. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-016-0171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Novel chemical attempts at ex vivo hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:519-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Kadekar D, Kale V, Limaye L. Differential ability of MSCs isolated from placenta and cord as feeders for supporting ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood derived CD34(+) cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:201. [PMID: 26481144 PMCID: PMC4617445 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood (UCB) is attempted to increase cell numbers to overcome the limitation of cell dose. Presently, suspension cultures or feeder mediated co-cultures are performed for expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proved to be efficient feeders for the maintenance of HSCs. Here, we have established MSCs-HSCs co-culture system with MSCs isolated from less invasive and ethically acceptable sources like umbilical cord tissue (C-MSCs) and placenta (P-MSCs). MSCs derived from these tissues are often compared with bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) which are considered as a gold standard. However, so far none of the studies have directly compared C-MSCs with P-MSCs as feeders for ex vivo expansion of HSCs. Thus, we for the first time performed a systematic comparison of hematopoietic supportive capability of C and P-MSCs using paired samples. METHODS UCB-derived CD34(+) cells were isolated and co-cultured on irradiated C and P-MSCs for 10 days. C-MSCs and P-MSCs were isolated from the same donor. The cultures comprised of serum-free medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml each of SCF, TPO, Flt-3 L and IL-6. After 10 days cells were collected and analyzed for phenotype and functionality. RESULTS C-MSCs and P-MSCs were found to be morphologically and phenotypically similar but exhibited differential ability to support ex vivo hematopoiesis. Cells expanded on P-MSCs showed higher percentage of primitive cells (CD34(+)CD38(-)), CFU (Colony forming unit) content and LTC-IC (Long term culture initiating cells) ability. CD34(+) cells expanded on P-MSCs also exhibited better in vitro adhesion to fibronectin and migration towards SDF-1α and enhanced NOD/SCID repopulation ability, as compared to those grown on C-MSCs. P-MSCs were found to be closer to BM-MSCs in their ability to expand HSCs. P-MSCs supported expansion of functionally superior HSCs by virtue of reduction in apoptosis of primitive HSCs, higher Wnt and Notch activity, HGF secretion and cell-cell contact. On the other hand, C-MSCs facilitated expansion of progenitors (CD34(+)CD38(+)) and differentiated (CD34(-)CD38(+)) cells by secretion of IL1-α, β, MCP-2, 3 and MIP-3α. CONCLUSIONS P-MSCs were found to be better feeders for ex vivo maintenance of primitive HSCs with higher engraftment potential than the cells expanded with C-MSCs as feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Kadekar
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Lalita Limaye
- Stem Cell Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India.
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Avanzi MP, Oluwadara OE, Cushing MM, Mitchell ML, Fischer S, Mitchell WB. A novel bioreactor and culture method drives high yields of platelets from stem cells. Transfusion 2015; 56:170-8. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - W. Beau Mitchell
- New York Blood Center; New York New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York New York
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Tanner A, Taylor SE, Decottignies W, Berges BK. Humanized mice as a model to study human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:76-82. [PMID: 23962058 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has the potential to treat a variety of human diseases, including genetic deficiencies, immune disorders, and to restore immunity following cancer treatment. However, there are several obstacles that prevent effective HSC transplantation in humans. These include finding a matched donor, having a sufficient number of cells for the transplant, and the potency of the cells in the transplant. Ethical issues prevent effective research in humans that could provide insight into ways to overcome these obstacles. Highly immunodeficient mice can be transplanted with human HSCs and this process is accompanied by HSC homing to the murine bone marrow. This is followed by stem cell expansion, multilineage hematopoiesis, long-term engraftment, and functional human antibody and cellular immune responses. As such, humanized mice serve as a model for human HSC transplantation. A variety of conditions have been analyzed for their impact on HSC transplantation to produce humanized mice, including the type and source of cells used in the transplant, the number of cells transplanted, the expansion of cells with various protocols, and the route of introduction of cells into the mouse. In this review, we summarize what has been learned about HSC transplantation using humanized mice as a recipient model and we comment on how these models may be useful to future preclinical research to determine more effective ways to expand HSCs and to determine their repopulating potential in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tanner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
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Wnt1 Accelerates an Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Cord Blood CD34(+)CD38(-) Cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:909812. [PMID: 24023545 PMCID: PMC3760094 DOI: 10.1155/2013/909812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CB-HSCs) transplantation has been increasing gradually with facing the limitation of insufficient quantity of HSCs in each CB unit. Therefore, efficient expansion methods which can maintain stem cell characteristics are needed. In this study, umbilical CB-CD34+ cells were cultured in two different cytokine cocktails: 4 factors (4F = Flt3-L, SCF, IL-6, and TPO) and 5 factors (5F = Wnt1 + 4F) in both serum and serum-free media. The data revealed that the best condition to accelerate an expansion of CD34+CD38− cells was serum-free culture condition supplemented with 5F (5F KSR). This condition yielded 24.3 ± 2.1 folds increase of CD34+CD38− cells. The expanded cells exhibited CD34+ CD38− CD133+ CD71low CD33low CD3− CD19− markers, expressed nanog, oct3/4, c-myc, and sox2 genes, and maintained differentiation potential into lymphoid, erythroid and myeloid lineages. The achievement of CD34+CD38− cells expansion may overcome an insufficient quantity of the cells leading to the improvement of the stem cell transplantation. Altogether, our findings highlight the role of Wnt1 and the new culture condition in stimulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells expansion which may offer a new therapeutic avenue for cord blood transplantation, regenerative medicine, stem cell bank applications, and other clinical applications in the future.
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Isern J, Martín-Antonio B, Ghazanfari R, Martín A, López J, del Toro R, Sánchez-Aguilera A, Arranz L, Martín-Pérez D, Suárez-Lledó M, Marín P, Van Pel M, Fibbe W, Vázquez J, Scheding S, Urbano-Ispizúa Á, Méndez-Ferrer S. Self-Renewing Human Bone Marrow Mesenspheres Promote Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1714-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Nishino T, Osawa M, Iwama A. New approaches to expand hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:743-56. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.681372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Ex vivo expansion of umbilical cord blood: where are we? Int J Hematol 2012; 95:371-9. [PMID: 22438185 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the first successful clinical use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in 1988, UCB grafts have been used for over 20,000 patients with both malignant and non-malignant diseases. UCB has several practical advantages over other transplantable graft sources. For example, the ease of procurement, the absence of donor risks, the reduced risk of transmissible infections, and the availability for immediate use make UCB an appealing graft choice. However, UCB grafts suffer from a few limitations related to the limited cell dose available for transplantation in each UCB unit and to defects in UCB stem cell homing. These limitations lead to increased post-transplant complications. In this review, we focus on the issue of limited cell dose in UCB units and discuss the possible approaches to overcome this limitation. We also summarize the various cellular pathways that have been explored to expand UCB units.
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Pharmacological inhibition of caspase and calpain proteases: a novel strategy to enhance the homing responses of cord blood HSPCs during expansion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29383. [PMID: 22235291 PMCID: PMC3250442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a well-known strategy employed to facilitate the transplantation outcome. We have previously shown that the prevention of apoptosis by the inhibition of cysteine proteases, caspase and calpain played an important role in the expansion and engraftment of cord blood (CB) derived HSPCs. We hypothesize that these protease inhibitors might have maneuvered the adhesive and migratory properties of the cells rendering them to be retained in the bone marrow for sustained engraftment. The current study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of the homing responses of CB cells during expansion. Methodology/Principal Findings CB derived CD34+ cells were expanded using a combination of growth factors with and without Caspase inhibitor -zVADfmk or Calpain 1 inhibitor- zLLYfmk. The cells were analyzed for the expression of homing-related molecules. In vitro adhesive/migratory interactions and actin polymerization dynamics of HSPCs were assessed. In vivo homing assays were carried out in NOD/SCID mice to corroborate these observations. We observed that the presence of zVADfmk or zLLYfmk (inhibitors) caused the functional up regulation of CXCR4, integrins, and adhesion molecules, reflecting in a higher migration and adhesive interactions in vitro. The enhanced actin polymerization and the RhoGTPase protein expression complemented these observations. Furthermore, in vivo experiments showed a significantly enhanced homing to the bone marrow of NOD/SCID mice. Conclusion/Significance Our present study reveals another novel aspect of the regulation of caspase and calpain proteases in the biology of HSPCs. The priming of the homing responses of the inhibitor-cultured HSPCs compared to the cytokine-graft suggests that the modulation of these proteases may help in overcoming the major homing defects prevalent in the expansion cultures thereby facilitating the manipulation of cells for transplant procedures.
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Nishino T, Wang C, Mochizuki-Kashio M, Osawa M, Nakauchi H, Iwama A. Ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells by garcinol, a potent inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24298. [PMID: 21931675 PMCID: PMC3171405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cord blood (hCB) is the main source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSCs/PCs) for transplantation. Efforts to overcome relative shortages of HSCs/PCs have led to technologies to expand HSCs/PCs ex vivo. However, methods suitable for clinical practice have yet to be fully established. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we screened biologically active natural products for activity to promote expansion of hCB HSCs/PCs ex vivo, and identified Garcinol, a plant-derived histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor, as a novel stimulator of hCB HSC/PC expansion. During a 7-day culture of CD34+CD38– HSCs supplemented with stem cell factor and thrombopoietin, Garcinol increased numbers of CD34+CD38– HSCs/PCs more than 4.5-fold and Isogarcinol, a derivative of Garcinol, 7.4-fold. Furthermore, during a 7-day culture of CD34+ HSCs/PCs, Garcinol expanded the number of SCID-repopulating cells (SRCs) 2.5-fold. We also demonstrated that the capacity of Garcinol and its derivatives to expand HSCs/PCs was closely correlated with their inhibitory effect on HAT. The Garcinol derivatives which expanded HSCs/PCs inhibited the HAT activity and acetylation of histones, while inactive derivatives did not. Conclusions/Significance Our findings identify Garcinol as the first natural product acting on HSCs/PCs and suggest the inhibition of HAT to be an alternative approach for manipulating HSCs/PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Nishino
- Research Planning Department, Nissan Chemical Industries, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Changshan Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsujiro Osawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- ERATO, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wood LW, Shillitoe EJ. Effect of a caspase inhibitor, zVADfmk, on the inhibition of breast cancer cells by herpes simplex virus type 1. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:685-94. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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