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Martin S, Jenewein T, Geisen C, Scheiper-Welling S, Kauferstein S. "Re-evaluation of variants of uncertain significance in patients with hereditary arrhythmogenic disorders". BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:390. [PMID: 39068400 PMCID: PMC11282671 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic diagnostics support the diagnosis of hereditary arrhythmogenic diseases, but variants of uncertain significance (VUS) complicate matters, emphasising the need for regular reassessment. Our study aims to reanalyse rare variants in different genes in order to decrease VUS diagnoses and thus improve risk stratification and personalized treatment for patients with arrhythmogenic disorders. METHODS Genomic DNA was analysed using Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The Data was evaluated using various databases and in silico prediction tools and classified according to current ACMG standards by two independent experts. RESULTS We identified 53 VUS in 30 genes, of which 17 variants (32%) were reclassified. 13% each were downgraded to likely benign (LB) and benign (B) and 6% were upgraded to likely pathogenic (LP). Reclassifications mainly occurred among variants initially classified in 2017-2019, with rates ranging from 50 to 60%. CONCLUSION The results support the assumption that regular reclassification of VUS is important, as it provides new insights for genetic diagnostics, that benefit patients and guide therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martin
- Centre for Sudden Cardiac Death and Familial Arrhythmias, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Tina Jenewein
- Centre for Sudden Cardiac Death and Familial Arrhythmias, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Center, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christof Geisen
- German Red Cross Blood Center, Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Scheiper-Welling
- Centre for Sudden Cardiac Death and Familial Arrhythmias, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Silke Kauferstein
- Centre for Sudden Cardiac Death and Familial Arrhythmias, Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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2
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Ding Y, Zhang S, Guo Q, Leng J. Mitochondrial Diabetes Is Associated with the ND4 G11696A Mutation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37371486 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common endocrine disorder which remains a large challenge for clinicians. Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an active role in T2DM progression, but a detailed mechanism is still elusive. In the current study, two Han Chinese families with maternally inherited T2DM were evaluated using clinical, genetic, molecular, and biochemical analyses. The mitochondrial genomes were PCR amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses were used to assess the potential pathogenicity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Interestingly, the matrilineal relatives of these pedigrees exhibited variable severity of T2DM, in particular, the age at onset of T2DM varied from 26 to 65 years, with an average of 49 years. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of ND4 G11696A mutation, which resulted in the substitution of an isoleucine for valine at amino acid (AA) position 312. Indeed, this mutation was present in homoplasmy only in the maternal lineage, not in other members of these families, as well as 200 controls. Furthermore, the m.C5601T in the tRNAAla and novel m.T5813C in the tRNACys, showing high evolutional conservation, may contribute to the phenotypic expression of ND4 G11696A mutation. In addition, biochemical analysis revealed that cells with ND4 G11696A mutation exhibited higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions than the controls. In contrast, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, mtDNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), Complex I activity, and NAD+/NADH ratio significantly decreased in cell lines carrying the m.G11696A and tRNA mutations, suggesting that these mutations affected the respiratory chain function and led to mitochondrial dysfunction that was involved in T2DM. Thus, our study broadened the clinical phenotypes of m.G11696A mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shunrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
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3
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The Mitochondrial tRNA Ser(UCN) Gene: A Novel m.7484A>G Mutation Associated with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy and Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020554. [PMID: 36836911 PMCID: PMC9963529 DOI: 10.3390/life13020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) is considered a hot-spot for non-syndromic and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. However, many patients have been described with more extensive neurological diseases, mainly including epilepsy, myoclonus, ataxia, and myopathy. We describe a novel homoplasmic m.7484A>G mutation in the tRNASer(UCN) gene affecting the third base of the anticodon triplet in a girl with profound intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, a clinical history of epilepsia partialis continua and vomiting, typical of MELAS syndrome, leading to a myoclonic epilepticus status, and myopathy with severe COX deficiency at muscle biopsy. The mutation was also found in the homoplasmic condition in the mother who presented with mild cognitive deficit, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonic epilepsy, sensorineural hearing loss and myopathy with COX deficient ragged-red fibers consistent with MERRF syndrome. This is the first anticodon mutation in the tRNASer(UCN) and the second homoplasmic mutation in the anticodon triplet reported to date.
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Targeting mitochondrial impairment for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: From hypertension to ischemia-reperfusion injury, searching for new pharmacological targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115405. [PMID: 36603686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondrial proteins represent a group of promising pharmacological target candidates in the search of new molecular targets and drugs to counteract the onset of hypertension and more in general cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Indeed, several mitochondrial pathways result impaired in CVDs, showing ATP depletion and ROS production as common traits of cardiac tissue degeneration. Thus, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes can represent a successful strategy to prevent heart failure. In this context, the identification of new pharmacological targets among mitochondrial proteins paves the way for the design of new selective drugs. Thanks to the advances in omics approaches, to a greater availability of mitochondrial crystallized protein structures and to the development of new computational approaches for protein 3D-modelling and drug design, it is now possible to investigate in detail impaired mitochondrial pathways in CVDs. Furthermore, it is possible to design new powerful drugs able to hit the selected pharmacological targets in a highly selective way to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent cardiac tissue degeneration. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of CVDs appears increasingly evident, as reflected by the impairment of proteins involved in lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dynamics, respiratory chain complexes, and membrane polarization maintenance in CVD patients. Conversely, little is known about proteins responsible for the cross-talk between mitochondria and cytoplasm in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial transporters of the SLC25A family, in particular, are responsible for the translocation of nucleotides (e.g., ATP), amino acids (e.g., aspartate, glutamate, ornithine), organic acids (e.g. malate and 2-oxoglutarate), and other cofactors (e.g., inorganic phosphate, NAD+, FAD, carnitine, CoA derivatives) between the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments. Thus, mitochondrial transporters play a key role in the mitochondria-cytosol cross-talk by leading metabolic pathways such as the malate/aspartate shuttle, the carnitine shuttle, the ATP export from mitochondria, and the regulation of permeability transition pore opening. Since all these pathways are crucial for maintaining healthy cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial carriers emerge as an interesting class of new possible pharmacological targets for CVD treatments.
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5
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Di Toro A, Urtis M, Narula N, Giuliani L, Grasso M, Pasotti M, Pellegrini C, Serio A, Pilotto A, Antoniazzi E, Rampino T, Magrassi L, Valentini A, Cavallini A, Scelsi L, Ghio S, Abelli M, Olivotto I, Porcu M, Gavazzi A, Kodama T, Arbustini E. Impediments to Heart Transplantation in Adults With MELAS:m.3243A>G Cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1431-1443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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6
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Sazonova MA, Sinyov VV, Ryzhkova AI, Sazonova MD, Kirichenko TV, Khotina VA, Khasanova ZB, Doroschuk NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Some Molecular and Cellular Stress Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegenerative Diseases and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E699. [PMID: 33445687 PMCID: PMC7828120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism's nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily V. Sinyov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Anastasia I. Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Marina D. Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zukhra B. Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Natalya A. Doroschuk
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Vasily P. Karagodin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Department of Commodity Science and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Centre, 143024 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.S.); (A.I.R.); (M.D.S.); (T.V.K.); (V.A.K.); (V.P.K.); (A.N.O.); (I.A.S.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (Z.B.K.); (N.A.D.)
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7
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Physicochemical characterization and targeting performance of triphenylphosphonium nano-polyplexes. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Kim MY, Cho S, Lee JH, Seo HJ, Lee SD. Detection of Innate and Artificial Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy by Massively Parallel Sequencing: Considerations for Analysis. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e337. [PMID: 30584415 PMCID: PMC6300661 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial heteroplasmy, the co-existence of different mitochondrial polymorphisms within an individual, has various forensic and clinical implications. But there is still no guideline on the application of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) in heteroplasmy detection. We present here some critical issues that should be considered in heteroplasmy studies using MPS. METHODS Among five samples with known innate heteroplasmies, two pairs of mixture were generated for artificial heteroplasmies with target minor allele frequencies (MAFs) ranging from 50% to 1%. Each sample was amplified by two-amplicon method and sequenced by Ion Torrent system. The outcomes of two different analysis tools, Torrent Suite Variant Caller (TVC) and mtDNA-Server (mDS), were compared. RESULTS All the innate heteroplasmies were detected correctly by both analysis tools. Average MAFs of artificial heteroplasmies correlated well to the target values. The detection rates were almost 90% for high-level heteroplasmies, but decreased for low-level heteroplasmies. TVC generally showed lower detection rates than mDS, which seems to be due to their own computation algorithms which drop out some reference-dominant heteroplasmies. Meanwhile, mDS reported several unintended low-level heteroplasmies which were suggested as nuclear mitochondrial DNA sequences. The average coverage depth of each sample placed on the same chip showed considerable variation. The increase of coverage depth had no effect on the detection rates. CONCLUSION In addition to the general accuracy of the MPS application on detecting heteroplasmy, our study indicates that the understanding of the nature of mitochondrial DNA and analysis algorithm would be crucial for appropriate interpretation of MPS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Young Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Cho
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Seo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Bris C, Goudenege D, Desquiret-Dumas V, Charif M, Colin E, Bonneau D, Amati-Bonneau P, Lenaers G, Reynier P, Procaccio V. Bioinformatics Tools and Databases to Assess the Pathogenicity of Mitochondrial DNA Variants in the Field of Next Generation Sequencing. Front Genet 2018; 9:632. [PMID: 30619459 PMCID: PMC6297213 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) has greatly enhanced the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders, with a systematic analysis of the whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence and better detection sensitivity. However, the exponential growth of sequencing data renders complex the interpretation of the identified variants, thereby posing new challenges for the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases. Indeed, mtDNA sequencing by NGS requires specific bioinformatics tools and the adaptation of those developed for nuclear DNA, for the detection and quantification of mtDNA variants from sequence alignment to the calling steps, in order to manage the specific features of the mitochondrial genome including heteroplasmy, i.e., coexistence of mutant and wildtype mtDNA copies. The prioritization of mtDNA variants remains difficult, relying on a limited number of specific resources: population and clinical databases, and in silico tools providing a prediction of the variant pathogenicity. An evaluation of the most prominent bioinformatics tools showed that their ability to predict the pathogenicity was highly variable indicating that special efforts should be directed at developing new bioinformatics tools dedicated to the mitochondrial genome. In addition, massive parallel sequencing raised several issues related to the interpretation of very low mtDNA mutational loads, discovery of variants of unknown significance, and mutations unrelated to patient phenotype or the co-occurrence of mtDNA variants. This review provides an overview of the current strategies and bioinformatics tools for accurate annotation, prioritization and reporting of mtDNA variations from NGS data, in order to carry out accurate genetic counseling in individuals with primary mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Bris
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - David Goudenege
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Valérie Desquiret-Dumas
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Majida Charif
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Patrizia Amati-Bonneau
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM U1083, MitoVasc Institute, Angers University, Angers, France.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, Angers Hospital, Angers, France
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Woerner AE, Ambers A, Wendt FR, King JL, Moura-Neto RS, Silva R, Budowle B. Evaluation of the precision ID mtDNA whole genome panel on two massively parallel sequencing systems. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 36:213-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Li W, Qi Y, Cui X, Sun Y, Huo Q, Yang Y, Wen X, Tan M, Du S, Zhang H, Zhang M, Liu C, Kong Q. Heteroplasmy and Copy Number Variations of Mitochondria in 88 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Individuals. J Cancer 2017; 8:4011-4017. [PMID: 29187876 PMCID: PMC5706003 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In this study, we had analysed the copy number variations and heteroplasmic mutations of mitochondria (MT) in 88 HCC individuals. The average copy number of MT genome in normal samples was significantly greater than that in tumor samples. Overall, the number of heteroplasmic mutations in 88 tumor and their matched normal samples were 241 and 173, respectively. There was higher positive ratio of heteroplasmic mutations in tumor samples (86%) than normal samples (73%). Worthwhile mention, ND1 gene harbored greater mutation frequency and more nonsynonymous mutations in tumor samples. Interestingly, 202 tumor-specific heteroplasmic mutations were detected. Moreover, ND1, ND3, ND4, ND5 and ND6 genes had higher ratio of nonsynonymous versus synonymous mutations in tumor-specific heteroplasmic mutations. It might suggest that the disorder of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) resulted by heteroplasmic mutations may have close relation with tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study provided theoretical basis for further understanding mechanism of tumorigenesis from the perspective of mitochondrial heteroplasmic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xiaofang Cui
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yuhui Sun
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Qing Huo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xinyuan Wen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | | | - Shiyi Du
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Qingsheng Kong
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
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12
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Shang W, Zhang Y, Shu M, Wang W, Ren L, Chen F, Shao L, Lu S, Bo S, Ma S, Gao Y. Comprehensive chromosomal and mitochondrial copy number profiling in human IVF embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 36:67-74. [PMID: 29203383 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single cell whole genome sequencing helps to decipher the genome heterogeneity within a cell population and facilitates the analysis of trace amounts of genetic material, such as is found in human embryos. The mitochondrial genome, although an important part of the genetic composition of eukaryotic cells, is often neglected in single cell genome analysis. A recently developed single cell whole genome amplification method was used, known as multiple annealing and looping based amplification cycles (MALBAC-NGS), for simultaneous analysis of chromosomal and mitochondrial genomes at the single cell level. The platform was validated by a series of technical and biological replicates and used for chromosomal and mitochondrial copy number analysis in 399 in-vitro fertilized embryos from 81 couples. A positive correlation of maternal age with increased mitochondria quantity (β = 0.176, P = 0.001) was observed after adjusting for the impact of cell type. Lower numbers of mitochondria were detected in successfully implanted embryos, although the difference was not significant. It is proposed that MALBAC-NGS could potentially be used for an advanced pre-implantation genetic screening procedure with both chromosomal constitution and mitochondrial copy number being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingming Shu
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Likun Ren
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fu Chen
- Assisted Reproductive Centre of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Naval General Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lin Shao
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China.
| | - Shiping Bo
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Shujie Ma
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
| | - Yumei Gao
- Yikon Genomics, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201400, China
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Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Saiz M, Martínez-García B, Sayalero SM, Entrala C, Lorente JA, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ. Next generation sequencing: an application in forensic sciences? Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:581-592. [PMID: 28948844 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1375155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Over the last few decades, advances in sequencing have improved greatly. One of the most important achievements of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is to produce millions of sequence reads in a short period of time, and to produce large sequences of DNA in fragments of any size. Libraries can be generated from whole genomes or any DNA or RNA region of interest without the need to know its sequence beforehand. This allows for looking for variations and facilitating genetic identification. OBJECTIVES A deep analysis of current NGS technologies and their application, especially in forensics, including a discussion about the pros and cons of these technologies in genetic identification. METHODS A systematic literature search in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus electronic databases was performed for the period of December 2012 to June 2015. RESULTS In the forensic field, one of the main problems is the limited amount of sample available, as well as its degraded state. If the amount of DNA input required for preparing NGS libraries continues to decrease, nearly any sample could be sequenced; therefore, the maximum information from any biological remains could be obtained. Additionally, microbiome typification could be an interesting application to study for crime scene characterisation. CONCLUSIONS NGS technologies are going to be crucial for DNA human typing in cases like mass disasters or other events where forensic specimens and samples are compromised and degraded. With the use of NGS it will be possible to achieve the simultaneous analysis of the standard autosomal DNA (STRs and SNPs), mitochondrial DNA, and X and Y chromosomal markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- a GENYO , Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Granada , España
| | - Maria Saiz
- b Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Granada , Granada , España
| | - Belén Martínez-García
- a GENYO , Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Granada , España
| | - Sara M Sayalero
- c CRAG - Centre de Recerca en Agrigenòmica - CSIC IRTA UAB UB , Barcelona , España
| | - Carmen Entrala
- d LORGEN G.P. , PT, Ciencias de la Salud - BIC , Granada , España
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a GENYO , Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Granada , España.,b Laboratorio de Identificación Genética, Departamento de Medicina Legal, Toxicología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Medicina , Universidad de Granada , Granada , España
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- a GENYO , Centro Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía de Genómica e Investigación Oncológica, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud (PTS) , Granada , España
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that negatively affect heart function. Primary cardiomyopathies specifically target the myocardium, and may arise from genetic [hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D), mitochondrial cardiomyopathy] or genetic and acquired [dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)] etiology. Modern genomics has identified mutations that are common in these populations, while in vitro and in vivo experimentation with these mutations have provided invaluable insight into the molecular mechanisms native to these diseases. For example, increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) binding and ATP utilization lead to the hypercontractile sarcomere in HCM, while abnormal protein–protein interaction and impaired Ca2+ flux underlie the relaxed sarcomere of DCM. Furthermore, expanded access to genetic testing has facilitated identification of potential risk factors that appear through inheritance and manifest sometimes only in the advanced stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular abnormalities unique to and shared between these primary cardiomyopathies and discuss some of the important advances made using more traditional basic science experimentation.
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Coutinho E, Batista C, Sousa F, Queiroz J, Costa D. Mitochondrial Gene Therapy: Advances in Mitochondrial Gene Cloning, Plasmid Production, and Nanosystems Targeted to Mitochondria. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:626-638. [PMID: 28199112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene therapy seems to be a valuable and promising strategy to treat mitochondrial disorders. The use of a therapeutic vector based on mitochondrial DNA, along with its affinity to the site of mitochondria, can be considered a powerful tool in the reestablishment of normal mitochondrial function. In line with this and for the first time, we successfully cloned the mitochondrial gene ND1 that was stably maintained in multicopy pCAG-GFP plasmid, which is used to transform E. coli. This mitochondrial-gene-based plasmid was encapsulated into nanoparticles. Furthermore, the functionalization of nanoparticles with polymers, such as cellulose or gelatin, enhances their overall properties and performance for gene therapy. The fluorescence arising from rhodamine nanoparticles in mitochondria and a fluorescence microscopy study show pCAG-GFP-ND1-based nanoparticles' cell internalization and mitochondria targeting. The quantification of GFP expression strongly supports this finding. This work highlights the viability of gene therapy based on mitochondrial DNA instigating further in vitro research and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Coutinho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia Batista
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João Queiroz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Diana Costa
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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16
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Clima R, Preste R, Calabrese C, Diroma MA, Santorsola M, Scioscia G, Simone D, Shen L, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M. HmtDB 2016: data update, a better performing query system and human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup predictor. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D698-D706. [PMID: 27899581 PMCID: PMC5210550 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The HmtDB resource hosts a database of human mitochondrial genome sequences from individuals with healthy and disease phenotypes. The database is intended to support both population geneticists as well as clinicians undertaking the task to assess the pathogenicity of specific mtDNA mutations. The wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has provided an enormous volume of high-resolution data at a low price, increasing the availability of human mitochondrial sequencing data, which called for a cogent and significant expansion of HmtDB data content that has more than tripled in the current release. We here describe additional novel features, including: (i) a complete, user-friendly restyling of the web interface, (ii) links to the command-line stand-alone and web versions of the MToolBox package, an up-to-date tool to reconstruct and analyze human mitochondrial DNA from NGS data and (iii) the implementation of the Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence (RSRS) as mitochondrial reference sequence. The overall update renders HmtDB an even more handy and useful resource as it enables a more rapid data access, processing and analysis. HmtDB is accessible at http://www.hmtdb.uniba.it/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Clima
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Preste
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Calabrese
- European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL Outstation - Hinxton, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maria Angela Diroma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Santorsola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gaetano Scioscia
- IBM Italia S.p.A., GBS BAO Advanced Analytics Services and MBLab Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Simone
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, Barlastgatan 11, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Lishuang Shen
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90027, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gasparre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Favalli
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Serio
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Grasso
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eloisa Arbustini
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation, University Hospital, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Chaitanya L, Ralf A, van Oven M, Kupiec T, Chang J, Lagacé R, Kayser M. Simultaneous Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing with Short Overlapping Amplicons Suitable for Degraded DNA Using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1236-47. [PMID: 26387877 PMCID: PMC5057296 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Whole mitochondrial (mt) genome analysis enables a considerable increase in analysis throughput, and improves the discriminatory power to the maximum possible phylogenetic resolution. Most established protocols on the different massively parallel sequencing (MPS) platforms, however, invariably involve the PCR amplification of large fragments, typically several kilobases in size, which may fail due to mtDNA fragmentation in the available degraded materials. We introduce a MPS tiling approach for simultaneous whole human mt genome sequencing using 161 short overlapping amplicons (average 200 bp) with the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. We illustrate the performance of this new method by sequencing 20 DNA samples belonging to different worldwide mtDNA haplogroups. Additional quality control, particularly regarding the potential detection of nuclear insertions of mtDNA (NUMTs), was performed by comparative MPS analysis using the conventional long-range amplification method. Preliminary sensitivity testing revealed that detailed haplogroup inference was feasible with 100 pg genomic input DNA. Complete mt genome coverage was achieved from DNA samples experimentally degraded down to genomic fragment sizes of about 220 bp, and up to 90% coverage from naturally degraded samples. Overall, we introduce a new approach for whole mt genome MPS analysis from degraded and nondegraded materials relevant to resolve and infer maternal genetic ancestry at complete resolution in anthropological, evolutionary, medical, and forensic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Chaitanya
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arwin Ralf
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mannis van Oven
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Kupiec
- Institute of Forensic ResearchSection of Forensic GeneticsKrakówPoland
| | - Joseph Chang
- Thermo Fisher ScientificSouth San FranciscoCalifornia, USA
| | - Robert Lagacé
- Thermo Fisher ScientificSouth San FranciscoCalifornia, USA
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic IdentificationErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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19
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Stocchi L, Polidori E, Potenza L, Rocchi MBL, Calcabrini C, Busacca P, Capalbo M, Potenza D, Amati F, Mango R, Romeo F, Novelli G, Stocchi V. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA in Brugada syndrome. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 25:47-54. [PMID: 26549652 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a primary electrical disease associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation. This pathology has nuclear heterogeneous genetic origins, and at present, molecular diagnostic tests on nuclear DNA cover only 30% of BrS patients. The aim of this study was to assess the possible involvement of mitochondrial (mt) DNA variants in BrS since their etiological role in several cardiomyopathies has already been described. METHODS AND RESULTS The whole mt genome of BrS patients was sequenced and analyzed. A specific mtDNA mutation responsible for BrS can be excluded, but BrS patient d-loop was found to be more polymorphic than that of control cases (P=0.003). Moreover, there appears to be an association between patients with the highest number of variants (n>20) and four mt Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) (T4216C, A11251G, C15452A, T16126C) and the most severe BrS phenotype (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS The high substitution rate found in BrS patient mtDNA is unlikely to be the primary cause of the disease, but it could represent an important cofactor in the manifestation of the BrS phenotype. Evidence suggesting that a specific mtDNA allelic combination and a high number of mtDNA SNPs may be associated with more severe cases of BrS represents the starting point for further cohort studies aiming to test whether this mt genetic condition could be a genetic modulator of the BrS clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stocchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Polidori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - Lucia Potenza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy.
| | | | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
| | - Paolo Busacca
- Complex Operative Unit of Cardiology (UOC),Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Potenza
- Complex Operative Unit of Cardiology (UOC), IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Mango
- Complex Operative Unit of Cardiology (UOC), Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Complex Operative Unit of Cardiology (UOC), Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of System Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; St. Peter Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy
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20
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Development of mitochondrial targeting plasmid DNA nanoparticles: Characterization and in vitro studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can lead to a wide range of human diseases. We have developed a deep sequencing strategy, mitoRCA-seq, to detect low-frequency mtDNA point mutations starting with as little as 1 ng of total DNA. It employs rolling circle amplification, which enriches the full-length circular mtDNA by either custom mtDNA-specific primers or a commercial kit, and minimizes the contamination of nuclear encoded mitochondrial DNA (Numts). By analyzing the mutation profiles of wild-type and Polg (mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ) mutant mice, we found that mice with the proofreading deficient mtDNA polymerase have a significantly higher mutation load by expanding the number of mutation sites and to a lesser extent by elevating the mutation frequency at existing sites even before the premature aging phenotypes appear. Strikingly, cytocine (C) to thymine (T) transitions are found to be overrepresented in the mtDNA of Polg mutated mice. The C → T transition, compared to other types of mutations, tends to increase the hydrophobicity of the underlying amino acids, and may contribute to the impaired protein function of the Polg mutant mice. Taken together, our findings may provide clues to further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying premature aging phenotype in Polg mutant mice.
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22
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Sequeira A, Rollins B, Magnan C, van Oven M, Baldi P, Myers RM, Barchas JD, Schatzberg AF, Watson SJ, Akil H, Bunney WE, Vawter MP. Mitochondrial mutations in subjects with psychiatric disorders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127280. [PMID: 26011537 PMCID: PMC4444211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence supports the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are known to alter brain energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and cause neurodegenerative disorders. Genetic studies focusing on common nuclear genome variants associated with these disorders have produced genome wide significant results but those studies have not directly studied mtDNA variants. The purpose of this study is to investigate, using next generation sequencing, the involvement of mtDNA variation in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and methamphetamine use. MtDNA extracted from multiple brain regions and blood were sequenced (121 mtDNA samples with an average of 8,800x coverage) and compared to an electronic database containing 26,850 mtDNA genomes. We confirmed novel and rare variants, and confirmed next generation sequencing error hotspots by traditional sequencing and genotyping methods. We observed a significant increase of non-synonymous mutations found in individuals with schizophrenia. Novel and rare non-synonymous mutations were found in psychiatric cases in mtDNA genes: ND6, ATP6, CYTB, and ND2. We also observed mtDNA heteroplasmy in brain at a locus previously associated with schizophrenia (T16519C). Large differences in heteroplasmy levels across brain regions within subjects suggest that somatic mutations accumulate differentially in brain regions. Finally, multiplasmy, a heteroplasmic measure of repeat length, was observed in brain from selective cases at a higher frequency than controls. These results offer support for increased rates of mtDNA substitutions in schizophrenia shown in our prior results. The variable levels of heteroplasmic/multiplasmic somatic mutations that occur in brain may be indicators of genetic instability in mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Sequeira
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Brandi Rollins
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christophe Magnan
- School of Information and Computer Sciences (ICS), Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics (IGB), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Mannis van Oven
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Baldi
- School of Information and Computer Sciences (ICS), Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics (IGB), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jack D. Barchas
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alan F. Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neurosciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - William E. Bunney
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
It has been shown that mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations may play an important role in the development of cardiomyopathy, and various types of cardiomyopathy can be attributed to disturbed mitochondrial oxidative energy metabolism. Several studies have described many mutations in mitochondrial genes encoding for subunits of respiratory chain complexes. Thus, recent studies confirm that pathologic mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations are a major reason of diseases and determining them by next-generation sequencing will improve our understanding of dysregulation of heart development. To analyse mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations, the entire mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid was amplified in two overlapping polymerase chain reaction fragments from the cardiac tissue of the 22 patients with congenital heart disease, undergoing cardiac surgery. Mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid was deep sequenced by next-generation sequencing. A total of 13 novel mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutations were identified in nine patients. Of the patients, three have novel mutations together with reported cardiomyopathy mutations. In all, 65 mutations were found, and 13 of them were unreported. This study represents the most comprehensive mitochondrial deoxyribo nucleic acid mutational analysis in patients with congenital heart disease.
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24
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Skonieczna K, Malyarchuk B, Jawień A, Marszałek A, Banaszkiewicz Z, Jarmocik P, Borcz M, Bała P, Grzybowski T. Heteroplasmic substitutions in the entire mitochondrial genomes of human colon cells detected by ultra-deep 454 sequencing. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 15:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Whole-mitochondrial genome sequencing in primary open-angle glaucoma using massively parallel sequencing identifies novel and known pathogenic variants. Genet Med 2014; 17:279-84. [PMID: 25232845 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether mutations in mitochondrial DNA play a role in high-pressure primary open-angle glaucoma (OMIM 137760) by analyzing new data from massively parallel sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. METHODS Glaucoma patients with high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma and ethnically matched and age-matched control subjects without glaucoma were recruited. The entire human mitochondrial genome was amplified in two overlapping fragments by long-range polymerase chain reaction and used as a template for massively parallel sequencing on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. All variants were confirmed by conventional Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Whole-mitochondrial genome sequencing was performed in 32 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma from India (n = 16) and Ireland (n = 16). In 16 of the 32 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (50% of cases), there were 22 mitochondrial DNA mutations consisting of 7 novel mutations and 8 previously reported disease-associated sequence variants. Eight of 22 (36.4%) of the mitochondrial DNA mutations were in complex I mitochondrial genes. CONCLUSION Massively parallel sequencing using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine with confirmation by Sanger sequencing detected a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation in 50% of the primary open-angle glaucoma cohort. Our findings support the emerging concept that mitochondrial dysfunction results in the development of glaucoma and, more specifically, that complex I defects play a significant role in primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis.
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26
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Rhodamine based plasmid DNA nanoparticles for mitochondrial gene therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 121:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Imasawa T, Tanaka M, Yamaguchi Y, Nakazato T, Kitamura H, Nishimura M. 7501 T > A mitochondrial DNA variant in a patient with glomerulosclerosis. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1461-5. [PMID: 25088491 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.945181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of granular swollen epithelial cells (GSECs) in tubular cells was recently reported to be a specific change associated with mitochondrial cytopathy. However, at present, GSEC is not routinely evaluated. We, in this study, present a case of glomerulosclerosis, in which the presence of GSECs should provide us one clue to understand the pathogenesis of its progressive decline of renal function. A 54-year-old Japanese female, who had been diagnosed with Graves' disease, was referred for the examination and treatment of her proteinuria (5.4 g/gCre at the first visit to our hospital). A kidney biopsy showed 28.6% of the glomeruli to be globally sclerosed and 10.7% of the glomeruli to have completely collapsed. However, according to a light microscopic analysis, all other glomeruli showed an almost normal appearance, except for some slight enlargement. Almost 30% of the interstitium was damaged by fibrosis. Characteristically, GSECs were observed in the medulla collecting ducts. Although she had no symptoms of either myopathy or encephalopathy, no history of stroke-like episodes or difficulty in hearing, her serum concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were both elevated. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed to assess the etiopathogenesis of her nephropathy. Consequently, a homoplasmic 7501 T > A replacement, which has not been previously reported in patients with renal diseases, was detected. This case suggests that the routine evaluation of GSECs can provide important clues to assess the etiopathogenesis of cryptogenic glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Kidney and Diabetes Center, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East Hospital , Chiba-city, Chiba , Japan
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Chin J, Marotta R, Chiotis M, Allan E, Collins S. Detection rates and phenotypic spectrum of m.3243A>G in the MT-TL1 gene: A molecular diagnostic laboratory perspective. Mitochondrion 2014; 17:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
We report the case of a novel mitochondrial DNA mutation in the MT-ATP8 gene in an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. Next-generation sequencing was applied to sequence whole mitochondrial DNA of the patient. A known Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy-associated mutation (G9804A), a heteroplasmic T7501C mutation (17%), and a novel C8481 T Pro > Leu missense mutation in the MT-ATP8 gene was identified.
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McElhoe JA, Holland MM, Makova KD, Su MSW, Paul IM, Baker CH, Faith SA, Young B. Development and assessment of an optimized next-generation DNA sequencing approach for the mtgenome using the Illumina MiSeq. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 13:20-9. [PMID: 25051226 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular tools to detect and report mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy will increase the discrimination potential of the testing method when applied to forensic cases. The inherent limitations of the current state-of-the-art, Sanger-based sequencing, including constrictions in speed, throughput, and resolution, have hindered progress in this area. With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches, it is now possible to clearly identify heteroplasmic variants, and at a much lower level than previously possible. However, in order to bring these approaches into forensic laboratories and subsequently as accepted scientific information in a court of law, validated methods will be required to produce and analyze NGS data. We report here on the development of an optimized approach to NGS analysis for the mtDNA genome (mtgenome) using the Illumina MiSeq instrument. This optimized protocol allows for the production of more than 5 gigabases of mtDNA sequence per run, sufficient for detection and reliable reporting of minor heteroplasmic variants down to approximately 0.5-1.0% when multiplexing twelve samples. Depending on sample throughput needs, sequence coverage rates can be set at various levels, but were optimized here for at least 5000 reads. In addition, analysis parameters are provided for a commercially available software package that identify the highest quality sequencing reads and effectively filter out sequencing-based noise. With this method it will be possible to measure the rates of low-level heteroplasmy across the mtgenome, evaluate the transmission of heteroplasmy between the generations of maternal lineages, and assess the drift of variant sequences between different tissue types within an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A McElhoe
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Mitchell M Holland
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kateryna D Makova
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Marcia Shu-Wei Su
- Biology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ian M Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Diroma MA, Calabrese C, Simone D, Santorsola M, Calabrese FM, Gasparre G, Attimonelli M. Extraction and annotation of human mitochondrial genomes from 1000 Genomes Whole Exome Sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2014; 15 Suppl 3:S2. [PMID: 25077682 PMCID: PMC4083402 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s3-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) is one of the most used and cost-effective next generation technologies that allows sequencing of all nuclear exons. Off-target regions may be captured if they present high sequence similarity with baits. Bioinformatics tools have been optimized to retrieve a large amount of WES off-target mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), by exploiting the aspecificity of probes, partially overlapping to Nuclear mitochondrial Sequences (NumtS). The 1000 Genomes project represents one of the widest resources to extract mtDNA sequences from WES data, considering the large effort the scientific community is undertaking to reconstruct human population history using mtDNA as marker, and the involvement of mtDNA in pathology. Results A previously published pipeline aimed at assembling mitochondrial genomes from off-target WES reads and further improved to detect insertions and deletions (indels) and heteroplasmy in a dataset of 1242 samples from the 1000 Genomes project, enabled to obtain a nearly complete mitochondrial genome from 943 samples (76% analyzed exomes). The robustness of our computational strategy was highlighted by the reduction of reads amount recognized as mitochondrial in the original annotation produced by the Consortium, due to NumtS filtering. An accurate survey was carried out on 1242 individuals. 215 indels, mostly heteroplasmic, and 3407 single base variants were mapped. A homogeneous mismatches distribution was observed along the whole mitochondrial genome, while a lower frequency of indels was found within protein-coding regions, where frameshift mutations may be deleterious. The majority of indels and mismatches found were not previously annotated in mitochondrial databases since conventional sequencing methods were limited to homoplasmy or quasi-homoplasmy detection. Intriguingly, upon filtering out non haplogroup-defining variants, we detected a widespread population occurrence of rare events predicted to be damaging. Eventually, samples were stratified into blood- and lymphoblastoid-derived to detect possibly different trends of mutability in the two datasets, an analysis which did not yield significant discordances. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is likely the most extended population-scale mitochondrial genotyping in humans enriched with the estimation of heteroplasmies.
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Quantitative assessment of heteroplasmy of mitochondrial genome: perspectives in diagnostics and methodological pitfalls. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:292017. [PMID: 24818137 PMCID: PMC4003915 DOI: 10.1155/2014/292017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of alterations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the development of human pathologies is not understood well. Most of mitochondrial mutations are characterized by the phenomenon of heteroplasmy which is defined as the presence of a mixture of more than one type of an organellar genome within a cell or tissue. The level of heteroplasmy varies in wide range, and the expression of disease is dependent on the percent of alleles bearing mutations, thus allowing consumption that an upper threshold level may exist beyond which the mitochondrial function collapses. Recent findings have demonstrated that some mtDNA heteroplasmic mutations are associated with widely spread chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Actually, each etiological mtDNA mutation has its own heteroplasmy threshold that needs to be measured. Therefore, quantitative evaluation of a mutant allele of mitochondrial genome is an obvious methodological challenge, since it may be a keystone for diagnostics of individual genetic predisposition to the disease. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of methods applicable to the measurement of heteroplasmy level of mitochondrial mutations associated with the development of pathology, in particular, in atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations.
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Massively parallel pyrosequencing of the mitochondrial genome with the 454 methodology in forensic genetics. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 12:30-7. [PMID: 24879032 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RESULTS of sequencing of whole mitochondrial genome, HV1 and HV2 DNA with the second generation system (SGS) Roche 454 GS Junior were compared with results of Sanger sequencing and SNP typing with SNaPshot single base extension detected with MALDI-TOF and capillary electrophoresis. We investigated the performance of the software analysis of the data, reproducibility, ability to sequence homopolymeric regions, detection of mixtures and heteroplasmy as well as the implications of the depth of coverage. We found full reproducibility between samples sequenced twice with SGS. We found close to full concordance between the mtDNA sequences of 26 samples obtained with (1) the 454 SGS method using a depth of coverage above 100 and (2) Sanger sequencing and SNP typing. The discrepancies were primarily observed in homopolymeric regions. The 454 SGS method was able to sequence 95% of the reads correctly in homopolymers up to 4 bases, and up to 6 bases could be sequenced with similar success if the results were carefully, visually inspected. The 454 technology was able to detect mixtures or heteroplasmy of approximately 10%. We detected previously unreported heteroplasmy in the GM9947A component of the NIST human mitochondrial DNA SRM-2392 standard reference material.
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Seneca S, Vancampenhout K, Van Coster R, Smet J, Lissens W, Vanlander A, De Paepe B, Jonckheere A, Stouffs K, De Meirleir L. Analysis of the whole mitochondrial genome: translation of the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine system to the diagnostic bench? Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:41-8. [PMID: 24667782 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS), an innovative sequencing technology that enables the successful analysis of numerous gene sequences in a massive parallel sequencing approach, has revolutionized the field of molecular biology. Although NGS was introduced in a rather recent past, the technology has already demonstrated its potential and effectiveness in many research projects, and is now on the verge of being introduced into the diagnostic setting of routine laboratories to delineate the molecular basis of genetic disease in undiagnosed patient samples. We tested a benchtop device on retrospective genomic DNA (gDNA) samples of controls and patients with a clinical suspicion of a mitochondrial DNA disorder. This Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine platform is a high-throughput sequencer with a fast turnaround time and reasonable running costs. We challenged the chemistry and technology with the analysis and processing of a mutational spectrum composed of samples with single-nucleotide substitutions, indels (insertions and deletions) and large single or multiple deletions, occasionally in heteroplasmy. The output data were compared with previously obtained conventional dideoxy sequencing results and the mitochondrial revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). We were able to identify the majority of all nucleotide alterations, but three false-negative results were also encountered in the data set. At the same time, the poor performance of the PGM instrument in regions associated with homopolymeric stretches generated many false-positive miscalls demanding additional manual curation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Seneca
- 1] Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium [2] Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim Vancampenhout
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rudy Van Coster
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Metabolism, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joél Smet
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Metabolism, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy Lissens
- 1] Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium [2] Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Vanlander
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Metabolism, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Metabolism, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Jonckheere
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- 1] Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium [2] Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Linda De Meirleir
- 1] Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium [2] Department of Pediatric Neurology, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Ding Y, Huang J. Is mitochondrial tRNA(Ser(UCN)) T7501C mutation associated with cardiovascular disease? Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2014; 27:205-8. [PMID: 24491108 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.880891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations are increasingly recognized as an important cause of cardiovascular diseases, point mutations in mitochondrial tRNA genes being the largest group among them. Most recently, mutation at position 7501 in mt-tRNA(Ser(UCN)) gene has been reported to be associated with human cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, sudden cardiac death (SCD) and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). However, its direct pathogenic role remained poorly understood. In this study, we performed an extensive web-based search for the published resources concerning this association. Through the application of bioinformatics tool, we observed that this mutation altered the mt-tRNA(Ser(UCN)) secondary structure, in addition, evolutionary conservation analysis of this mutation indicated that this mutation is highly conserved between different species. Notably, the T7501C mutation belonging to human mitochondrial haplogroup U8a1a1, a rare subgroup of U8, was present only in European population and was absent in Han Chinese population. Taken together, our result indicated that the T7501C mutation may occur infrequently and was probably pathogenic in cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- a Central Laboratory , Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , China .,b Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Hangzhou , China , and
| | - Jinyu Huang
- b Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Hangzhou , China , and.,c Department of Cardiology , Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , China
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36
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Prigione A, Lichtner B, Kuhl H, Struys EA, Wamelink M, Lehrach H, Ralser M, Timmermann B, Adjaye J. HIF1α modulates cell fate reprogramming through early glycolytic shift and upregulation of PDK1-3 and PKM2. Stem Cells 2014; 32:364-76. [PMID: 24123565 PMCID: PMC5730046 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state drastically reconfigures the cellular anabolic requirements, thus potentially inducing cancer-like metabolic transformation. Accordingly, we and others previously showed that somatic mitochondria and bioenergetics are extensively remodeled upon derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as the cells transit from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism. In the attempt to identify possible regulatory mechanisms underlying this metabolic restructuring, we investigated the contributing role of hypoxia-inducible factor one alpha (HIF1α), a master regulator of energy metabolism, in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency. We discovered that the ablation of HIF1α function in dermal fibroblasts dramatically hampers reprogramming efficiency, while small molecule-based activation of HIF1α significantly improves cell fate conversion. Transcriptional and bioenergetic analysis during reprogramming initiation indicated that the transduction of the four factors is sufficient to upregulate the HIF1α target pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) one and set in motion the glycolytic shift. However, additional HIF1α activation appears critical in the early upregulation of other HIF1α-associated metabolic regulators, including PDK3 and pyruvate kinase (PK) isoform M2 (PKM2), resulting in increased glycolysis and enhanced reprogramming. Accordingly, elevated levels of PDK1, PDK3, and PKM2 and reduced PK activity could be observed in iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state. Overall, the findings suggest that the early induction of HIF1α targets may be instrumental in iPSC derivation via the activation of a glycolytic program. These findings implicate the HIF1α pathway as an enabling regulator of cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Prigione
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Lichtner
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiner Kuhl
- Next Generation Sequencing Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard A. Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Wamelink
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Metabolic Unit, VU Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Lehrach
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Timmermann
- Next Generation Sequencing Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- The Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
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From cheek swabs to consensus sequences: an A to Z protocol for high-throughput DNA sequencing of complete human mitochondrial genomes. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:68. [PMID: 24460871 PMCID: PMC3922791 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) technologies have made huge impacts in many fields of biological research, but especially in evolutionary biology. One area where NGS has shown potential is for high-throughput sequencing of complete mtDNA genomes (of humans and other animals). Despite the increasing use of NGS technologies and a better appreciation of their importance in answering biological questions, there remain significant obstacles to the successful implementation of NGS-based projects, especially for new users. RESULTS Here we present an 'A to Z' protocol for obtaining complete human mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes - from DNA extraction to consensus sequence. Although designed for use on humans, this protocol could also be used to sequence small, organellar genomes from other species, and also nuclear loci. This protocol includes DNA extraction, PCR amplification, fragmentation of PCR products, barcoding of fragments, sequencing using the 454 GS FLX platform, and a complete bioinformatics pipeline (primer removal, reference-based mapping, output of coverage plots and SNP calling). CONCLUSIONS All steps in this protocol are designed to be straightforward to implement, especially for researchers who are undertaking next-generation sequencing for the first time. The molecular steps are scalable to large numbers (hundreds) of individuals and all steps post-DNA extraction can be carried out in 96-well plate format. Also, the protocol has been assembled so that individual 'modules' can be swapped out to suit available resources.
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Gurses C, Azakli H, Alptekin A, Cakiris A, Abaci N, Arikan M, Kursun O, Gokyigit A, Ustek D. Mitochondrial DNA profiling via genomic analysis in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Gene 2014; 538:323-7. [PMID: 24440288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondria have an essential role in neuronal excitability and neuronal survival. In addition to energy production, mitochondria also play a crucial role in the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species and mechanisms of cell death. There is a relative paucity of data about the role of mitochondria in epilepsy. Mitochondrial genome analysis is rarely carried out in the investigation of some diseases. In mesial temporal lobe epilepsies (MTLE) cases, genome analysis has never been used previously. The aim of this study is to show mitochondrial dysfunctions using genome analysis in patients with MTLE-hippocampal sclerosis (HS). METHODS 44 patients with MTLE-HS and 86 matched healthy unrelated controls were included in this study. The patients were divided into four groups according to their clinical presentation as the following: Group 1 consists of patients with intractable epilepsy who refused operation; Group 2 of operated seizure free patients; Group 3 of operated patients with seizures; and Group 4 unoperated seizure free patients with or without antiepileptic drugs. Blood samples were used to isolate DNA. Parallel tagged sequencing was employed to allow pyrosequencing of 130 samples. Complete mtDNA is amplified in two overlapping fragments (11 and 9 kb). The PCR amplicons were pooled in equimolar ratios. Titanium kits were used to produce shotgun libraries according to the manufacturer's protocol. RESULTS The average coverage in total was 130 ± 30 and an average of 2365127 bases and 337 bp fragment length was received from all samples. The mean mtDNA heteroplasmy in patients was 26.35 ± 12.3 and in controls 25.03 ± 9.34. Three mutations had prominently high significance in patient samples. The most significantly associated variation was located in the MT-ATP-8 gene (8502 A>T, Asn46Ile) whereas the other two were in the MT-ND4 (11994 C>T, Thr412Ile) and MT-ND5 (13231 A>C, Lys299Gln) genes. CONCLUSIONS We have observed that three mutations were significantly related to the presence of epilepsy. These mutations were found at the 8502, 11994, and 13,231 bp of mtDNA, which resulted in amino acid changes at the MT-ATP-8, MT-ND4 and MT-ND5 genes. Finding mutations can lead us to knowing more about the pathophysiology of the MTLE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candan Gurses
- Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hulya Azakli
- Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alptekin
- Computer Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aris Cakiris
- Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Abaci
- Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Arikan
- Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Olcay Kursun
- Computer Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Gokyigit
- Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duran Ustek
- Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Yeung KY, Dickinson A, Donoghue JF, Polekhina G, White SJ, Grammatopoulos DK, McKenzie M, Johns TG, John JCS. The identification of mitochondrial DNA variants in glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 24383468 PMCID: PMC3912901 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes key proteins of the electron transfer chain (ETC), which produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and is essential for cells to perform specialised functions. Tumor-initiating cells use aerobic glycolysis, a combination of glycolysis and low levels of OXPHOS, to promote rapid cell proliferation and tumor growth. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressively malignant brain tumor and mitochondria have been proposed to play a vital role in GBM tumorigenesis. RESULTS Using next generation sequencing and high resolution melt analysis, we identified a large number of mtDNA variants within coding and non-coding regions of GBM cell lines and predicted their disease-causing potential through in silico modeling. The frequency of variants was greatest in the D-loop and origin of light strand replication in non-coding regions. ND6 was the most susceptible coding gene to mutation whilst ND4 had the highest frequency of mutation. Both genes encode subunits of complex I of the ETC. These variants were not detected in unaffected brain samples and many have not been previously reported. Depletion of HSR-GBM1 cells to varying degrees of their mtDNA followed by transplantation into immunedeficient mice resulted in the repopulation of the same variants during tumorigenesis. Likewise, de novo variants identified in other GBM cell lines were also incorporated. Nevertheless, ND4 and ND6 were still the most affected genes. We confirmed the presence of these variants in high grade gliomas. CONCLUSIONS These novel variants contribute to GBM by rendering the ETC. partially dysfunctional. This restricts metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis and promotes cell proliferation.
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Whole mitochondrial DNA variations in hippocampal surgical specimens and blood samples with high-throughput sequencing: A case of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Gene 2013; 529:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Krjutškov K, Koltšina M, Grand K, Võsa U, Sauk M, Tõnisson N, Salumets A. Tissue-specific mitochondrial heteroplasmy at position 16,093 within the same individual. Curr Genet 2013; 60:11-6. [PMID: 23842853 PMCID: PMC3895442 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-013-0398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) research has entered a massively parallel sequencing (MPS) era, providing deep insight into mtDNA genomics and molecular diagnostics. Analysis can simultaneously include coding and control regions, many samples can be studied in parallel, and even minor heteroplasmic changes can be detected. We investigated heteroplasmy using 16 different tissues from three unrelated males aged 40–54 years at the time of death. mtDNA was enriched using two independent overlapping long-range PCR amplicons and analysed by employing illumina paired-end sequencing. Point mutation heteroplasmy at position 16,093 (m.16093T > C) in the non-coding regulatory region showed great variability among one of the studied individuals; heteroplasmy extended from 5.1 % in red bone marrow to 62.0 % in the bladder. Red (5.1 %) and yellow bone marrow (8.9 %) clustered into one group and two arteries and two aortas from different locations into another (31.2–50.9 %), giving an ontogenetic explanation for the formation of somatic mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Our results demonstrate that multi-tissue screening using MPS provides surprising data even when there is a limited number (3) of study subjects and they give reason to speculate that mtDNA heteroplasmic frequency, distribution, and even its possible role in complex diseases or phenotypes seem to be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarel Krjutškov
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia,
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Tang S, Wang J, Zhang VW, Li FY, Landsverk M, Cui H, Truong CK, Wang G, Chen LC, Graham B, Scaglia F, Schmitt ES, Craigen WJ, Wong LJC. Transition to next generation analysis of the whole mitochondrial genome: a summary of molecular defects. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:882-93. [PMID: 23463613 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders is challenging because of the clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity. Conventional analysis of the mitochondrial genome often starts with a screening panel for common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations and large deletions (mtScreen). If negative, it has been traditionally followed by Sanger sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome (mtWGS). The recently developed "Next-Generation Sequencing" (NGS) technology offers a robust high-throughput platform for comprehensive mtDNA analysis. Here, we summarize the results of the past 6 years of clinical practice using the mtScreen and mtWGS tests on 9,261 and 2,851 unrelated patients, respectively. A total of 344 patients (3.7%) had mutations identified by mtScreen and 99 (3.5%) had mtDNA mutations identified by mtWGS. The combinatorial analyses of mtDNA and POLG revealed a diagnostic yield of 6.7% in patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders but no recognizable syndromes. From the initial mtWGS-NGS cohort of 391 patients, 21 mutation-positive cases (5.4%) have been identified. The mtWGS-NGS provides a one-step approach to detect common and uncommon point mutations, as well as deletions. Additionally, NGS provides accurate, sensitive heteroplasmy measurement, and the ability to map deletion breakpoints. A new era of more efficient molecular diagnosis of mtDNA mutations has arrived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Wong LJC. Challenges of bringing next generation sequencing technologies to clinical molecular diagnostic laboratories. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:262-72. [PMID: 23269496 PMCID: PMC3625389 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of complex dual genome mitochondrial disorders is a challenge. It requires the identification of deleterious mutations in one of the ~1,500 nuclear genes and the mitochondrial genome. If the molecular defect is in the mitochondrial genome, quantification of degree of mutation load (heteroplasmy) in affected tissues is important. Due to the extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity, conventional sequence analysis of the candidate genes one-by-one is impractical, if not impossible. The newly developed massively parallel next generation sequencing (NGS) technique, that allows simultaneous sequence analysis of multiple target genes, when appropriately validated with deep coverage and proper quality controls, can be used as an effective comprehensive diagnostic approach in CLIA certified clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jun C Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, NAB 2015, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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44
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Kloos W, Katus HA, Meder B. Genetic cardiomyopathies. Lessons learned from humans, mice, and zebrafish. Herz 2013; 37:612-7. [PMID: 22767018 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-012-3651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a multifactorial disease of the heart muscle and a leading cause of congestive heart failure. Human genetic studies and the establishment of suitable animal models such as mice and zebrafish have already revealed parts of its genetic etiology. With the next generation of genomic sequencing technologies (NGS) on the rise, the comprehensive genetic dissection of DCM patients will reveal clinically relevant information, novel causes, and modifiers of this complex disorder. The recent exploration of the epigenome as another mechanism of cardiac gene regulation will further elucidate unexplained variations observed in the correlation between the patient's genotype and phenotype. Some of these intriguing advances being made in basic genetic research will soon find their way into clinical practice for more individualized treatment of cardiomyopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kloos
- Abteilung Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Pulmologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Gemany
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45
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Next generation molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:379-87. [PMID: 23473862 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are by far the most genetically heterogeneous group of diseases, involving two genomes, the 16.6k b mitochondrial genome and ~1500 genes encoded in the nuclear genome. For maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA disorders, a complete molecular diagnosis requires several different methods for the detection and quantification of mtDNA point mutations and large deletions. For mitochondrial disorders caused by autosomal recessive, dominant, and X-linked nuclear genes, the diagnosis has relied on clinical, biochemical, and molecular studies to point to a group of candidate genes followed by stepwise Sanger sequencing of the candidate genes one-by-one. The development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the diagnostic approach. Using massively parallel sequencing (MPS) analysis of the entire mitochondrial genome, mtDNA point mutations and deletions can be detected and quantified in one single step. The NGS approach also allows simultaneous analyses of a group of genes or the whole exome, thus, the mutations in causative gene(s) can be identified in one-step. New approaches make genetic analyses much faster and more efficient. Huge amounts of sequencing data produced by the new technologies brought new challenges to bioinformatics, analytical pipelines, and interpretation of numerous novel variants. This article reviews the clinical utility of next generation sequencing for the molecular diagnoses of complex dual genome mitochondrial disorders.
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46
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Wan M, Faruq J, Rosenberg JN, Xia J, Oyler GA, Betenbaugh MJ. Achieving high throughput sequencing of a cDNA library utilizing an alternative protocol for the bench top next-generation sequencing system. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 92:122-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Calatayud M, Ramos A, Santos C, Aluja MP. Primer effect in the detection of mitochondrial DNA point heteroplasmy by automated sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:303-11. [PMID: 23350969 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2012.760072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The correct detection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy by automated sequencing presents methodological constraints. The main goals of this study are to investigate the effect of sense and distance of primers in heteroplasmy detection and to test if there are differences in the accurate determination of heteroplasmy involving transitions or transversions. A gradient of the heteroplasmy levels was generated for mtDNA positions 9477 (transition G/A) and 15,452 (transversion C/A). Amplification and subsequent sequencing with forward and reverse primers, situated at 550 and 150 bp from the heteroplasmic positions, were performed. Our data provide evidence that there is a significant difference between the use of forward and reverse primers. The forward primer is the primer that seems to give a better approximation to the real proportion of the variants. No significant differences were found concerning the distance at which the sequencing primers were placed neither between the analysis of transitions and transversions. The data collected in this study are a starting point that allows to glimpse the importance of the sequencing primers in the accurate detection of point heteroplasmy, providing additional insight into the overall automated sequencing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Comprehensive next-generation sequence analyses of the entire mitochondrial genome reveal new insights into the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial DNA disorders. Genet Med 2013; 15:388-94. [PMID: 23288206 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2012.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The application of massively parallel sequencing technology to the analysis of the mitochondrial genome has demonstrated great improvement in the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial DNA-related disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance characteristics and to gain new insights into the analysis of the mitochondrial genome. METHODS The entire mitochondrial genome was analyzed as a single amplicon using a long-range PCR-based enrichment approach coupled with massively parallel sequencing. The interference of the nuclear mitochondrial DNA homologs was distinguished from the actual mitochondrial DNA sequences by comparison with the results obtained from conventional PCR-based Sanger sequencing using multiple pairs of primers. RESULTS Our results demonstrated the uniform coverage of the entire mitochondrial genome. Massively parallel sequencing of the single amplicon revealed the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and nuclear homologs of mtDNA sequences that cause the erroneous and inaccurate variant calls when PCR/Sanger sequencing approach was used. This single amplicon massively parallel sequencing strategy provides an accurate quantification of mutation heteroplasmy as well as the detection and mapping of mitochondrial DNA deletions. CONCLUSION The ability to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate every single base of the entire mitochondrial genome is indispensible to the accurate molecular diagnosis and genetic counseling of mitochondrial DNA-related disorders. This new approach may be considered as first-line testing for comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome.Genet Med 2013:15(5):388-394.
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49
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Formey D, Molès M, Haouy A, Savelli B, Bouchez O, Bécard G, Roux C. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Rhizophagus irregularis - syn. Glomus irregulare - reveals a polymorphism induced by variability generating elements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1217-1227. [PMID: 22967288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are involved in one of the most widespread plant-fungus interactions. A number of studies on the population dynamics of AM fungi have used mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences, and yet mt AM fungus genomes are poorly known. To date, four mt genomes of three species of AM fungi are available, among which are two from Rhizophagus irregularis. In order to study intra- and interstrain mt genome variability of R. irregularis, we sequenced and de novo assembled four additional mt genomes of this species. We used 454 pyrosequencing and Illumina technologies to directly sequence mt genomes from total genomic DNA. The mt genomes are unique within each strain. Interstrain divergences in genome size, as a result of highly polymorphic intergenic and intronic sequences, were observed. The polymorphism is brought about by three types of variability generating element (VGE): homing endonucleases, DNA polymerase domain-containing open reading frames and small inverted repeats. Based on VGE positioning, mt sequences and nuclear markers, two subclades of R. irregularis were characterized. The discovery of VGEs highlights the great intraspecific plasticity of the R. irregularis mt genome. VGEs allow the design of powerful mt markers for the typing and monitoring of R. irregularis strains in genetic and population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Formey
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- Agro-Nutrition, Parc Activestre, 3 avenue de l'orchidée, F-31390, Carbonne, France
| | - Marion Molès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Alexandra Haouy
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Savelli
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Bouchez
- Plateforme Génomique, Campus INRA Chemin de Borde-Rouge, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bécard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Roux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR5546, BP42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
- CNRS, UMR5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France
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50
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Bates MGD, Bourke JP, Giordano C, d'Amati G, Turnbull DM, Taylor RW. Cardiac involvement in mitochondrial DNA disease: clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and management. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:3023-33. [PMID: 22936362 PMCID: PMC3530901 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease refers to a heterogenous group of genetic disorders that result from dysfunction of the final common pathway of energy metabolism. Mitochondrial DNA mutations affect key components of the respiratory chain and account for the majority of mitochondrial disease in adults. Owing to critical dependence of the heart on oxidative metabolism, cardiac involvement in mitochondrial disease is common and may occur as the principal clinical manifestation or part of multisystem disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the clinical spectrum and genetic aetiology of cardiac involvement in mitochondrial DNA disease have important implications for cardiologists in terms of the investigation and multi-disciplinary management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. D. Bates
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial
Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH,
UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN,
UK
| | - John P. Bourke
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN,
UK
| | - Carla Giordano
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and
Pathology, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and
Pathology, Sapienza University,
Rome, Italy
| | - Douglass M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial
Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH,
UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation
Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN,
UK
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial
Research, Institute for Ageing and Health, The Medical School,
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH,
UK
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