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Rodzinski É, Martin N, Rouget R, Pioger A, Dehennaut V, Molendi-Coste O, Dombrowicz D, Goy E, de Launoit Y, Abbadie C. [Sorting of senescent cells by flow cytometry: Specificities and pitfalls to avoid]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:275-282. [PMID: 38520103 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2024011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells can be reprogrammed into senescence to adapt to a variety of stresses, most often affecting the genome integrity. Senescent cells accumulate with age or upon various insults in almost all tissues, and contribute to the development of several age-associated pathologies. Studying the molecular pathways involved in senescence induction, maintenance, or escape is challenged by the heterogeneity in the level of commitment to senescence, and by the pollution of senescent cell populations by proliferating pre- or post-senescent cells. We coped with these difficulties by developing a protocol for sorting senescent cells by flow cytometry, based on three major senescence markers : the SA-β-Galactosidase activity, the size of the cells, and their granularity reflecting the accumulation of aggregates, lysosomes, and altered mitochondria. We address the issues related to sorting senescent cells, the pitfalls to avoid, and propose solutions for sorting viable cells expressing senescent markers at different extents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élodie Rodzinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Adrien Pioger
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Erwan Goy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yvan de Launoit
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER (Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies), F-59000 Lille, France
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2
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Hellani F, Leleu I, Saidi N, Martin N, Lecoeur C, Werkmeister E, Koffi D, Trottein F, Yapo-Etté H, Das B, Abbadie C, Pied S. Role of astrocyte senescence regulated by the non- canonical autophagy in the neuroinflammation associated to cerebral malaria. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:20-35. [PMID: 38157948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral malaria (CM) is a fatal neuroinflammatory syndrome caused (in humans) by the protozoa Plasmodium (P.) falciparum. Glial cell activation is one of the mechanisms that contributes to neuroinflammation in CM. RESULT By studying a mouse model of CM (caused by P. berghei ANKA), we describe that the induction of autophagy promoted p21-dependent senescence in astrocytes and that CXCL-10 was part of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Furthermore, p21 expression was observed in post-mortem brain and peripheral blood samples from patients with CM. Lastly, we found that the depletion of senescent astrocytes with senolytic drugs abrogated inflammation and protected mice from CM. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for a novel mechanism through which astrocytes could be involved in the neuropathophysiology of CM. p21 gene expression in blood cell and an elevated plasma CXCL-10 concentration could be valuable biomarkers of CM in humans. In the end, we believe senolytic drugs shall open up new avenues to develop newer treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Hellani
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Inès Leleu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nasreddine Saidi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Lecoeur
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Koffi
- Parasitology and Mycology Department, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Ivory Coast
| | - François Trottein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France
| | - Hélène Yapo-Etté
- Institute of Forensic Medicine-Faculty of Health, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Abidjan, Ivory Coast
| | - Bidyut Das
- SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Orissa, India
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sylviane Pied
- Univ. Lille, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille F-59019 Lille, France.
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3
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Law SH, Ke CC, Chu CS, Liu SH, Weng MC, Ke LY, Chan HC. SPECT/CT imaging for tracking subendothelial retention of electronegative low-density lipoprotein in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126069. [PMID: 37536403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The fifth subfraction of low-density lipoprotein (L5 LDL) can be separated from human LDL using fast-protein liquid chromatography with an anion exchange column. L5 LDL induces vascular endothelial injury both in vitro and in vivo through the lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). However, no in vivo evidence shows the tendency of L5 LDL deposition on vascular endothelium and links to dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate L5 LDL retention in vivo using SPECT/CT imaging, with Iodine-131 (131I)-labeled and injected into six-month-old apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-/-) mice through tail veins. Besides, we examined the biodistribution of L5 LDL in tissues and analyzed the intracellular trafficking in human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) by confocal microscopy. The impacts of L5 LDL on HAoECs were analyzed using electron microscopy for mitochondrial morphology and western blotting for signaling. Results showed 131I-labeled-L5 was preferentially deposited in the heart and vessels compared to L1 LDL. Furthermore, L5 LDL was co-localized with the mitochondria and associated with mitofusin (MFN1/2) and optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) downregulation, leading to mitochondrial fission. In summary, L5 LDL exhibits a propensity for subendothelial retention, thereby promoting endothelial dysfunction and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsuan Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mao-Chi Weng
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Lipid Biosciences, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine & Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Fu R, Jiang X, Yang Y, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Bidirectional regulation of structural damage on autophagy in the C. elegans epidermis. Autophagy 2022; 18:2731-2745. [PMID: 35311461 PMCID: PMC9629849 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2047345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of disturbances such as starvation, organelle damage, heat stress, hypoxia and pathogen infection can influence the autophagic process. However, how the macroautophagy/autophagy machinery is regulated intrinsically by structural damage of the cell remains largely unknown. In this work, we utilized the C. elegans epidermis as the model to address this question. Our results showed that structural damage by mechanical wounding exerted proximal inhibitory effect and distant promotional effect on autophagy within the same epidermal cell. By disrupting individual mechanical supporting structures, we found that only damage of the basal extracellular matrix or the underlying muscle cells activated a distinct autophagic response in the epidermis. On the contrary, structural disruption of the epidermal cells at the apical side inhibited autophagy activation caused by different stress factors. Mechanistic studies showed that the basal promotional effect of structural damage on epidermal autophagy was mediated by a mechanotransduction pathway going through the basal hemidesmosome receptor and LET-363/MTOR, while the apical inhibitory effect was mostly carried out by activation of calcium signaling. Elevated autophagy in the epidermis played a detrimental rather than a beneficial role on cell survival against structural damage. The results obtained from these studies will not only help us better understand the pathogenesis of structural damage- and autophagy-related diseases, but also provide insight into more generic rules of autophagy regulation by the structural and mechanical properties of cells across species.Abbreviations : ATG: autophagy related; BLI-1: BLIstered cuticle 1; CeHDs: C. elegans hemidesmosomes; COL-19: COLlagen 19; DPY-7: DumPY 7; ECM: extracellular matrix; EPG-5: ectopic PGL granules 5; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GIT-1: GIT1 (mammalian G protein-coupled receptor kinase InTeractor 1) homolog; GTL-2: Gon-Two Like 2 (TRP subfamily); HIS-58, HIStone 58; IFB-1: Intermediate Filament, B 1; LET: LEThal; LGG-1: LC3, GABARAP and GATE-16 family 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; MUP-4: MUscle Positioning 4; NLP-29: Neuropeptide-Like Protein 29; PAT: Paralyzed Arrest at Two-fold; PIX-1: PIX (PAK (p21-activated kinase) Interacting eXchange factor) homolog 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RNAi: RNA interference; SQST-1: SeQueSTosome related 1; UNC: UNCoordinated; UV: ultraviolet; VAB-10: variable ABnormal morphology 10; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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5
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Consequences of Autophagy Deletion on the Age-Related Changes in the Epidermal Lipidome of Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911110. [PMID: 36232414 PMCID: PMC9569666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a controlled mechanism of intracellular self-digestion with functions in metabolic adaptation to stress, in development, in proteostasis and in maintaining cellular homeostasis in ageing. Deletion of autophagy in epidermal keratinocytes does not prevent the formation of a functional epidermis and the permeability barrier but causes increased susceptibility to damage stress and metabolic alterations and accelerated ageing phenotypes. We here investigated how epidermal autophagy deficiency using Keratin 14 driven Atg7 deletion would affect the lipid composition of the epidermis of young and old mice. Using mass spectrometric lipidomics we found a reduction of age-related accumulation of storage lipids in the epidermis of autophagy-deficient mice, and specific changes in chain length and saturation of fatty acids in several lipid classes. Transcriptomics and immunostaining suggest that these changes are accompanied by changes in expression and localisation of lipid and fatty acid transporter proteins, most notably fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in autophagy knockouts. Thus, maintaining autophagic activity at an advanced age may be necessary to maintain epidermal lipid homeostasis in mammals.
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6
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Goy E, Tomezak M, Facchin C, Martin N, Bouchaert E, Benoit J, de Schutter C, Nassour J, Saas L, Drullion C, Brodin PM, Vandeputte A, Molendi-Coste O, Pineau L, Goormachtigh G, Pluquet O, Pourtier A, Cleri F, Lartigau E, Penel N, Abbadie C. The out-of-field dose in radiation therapy induces delayed tumorigenesis by senescence evasion. eLife 2022; 11:67190. [PMID: 35302491 PMCID: PMC8933005 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare but severe complication of curative-intent radiation therapy is the induction of second primary cancers. These cancers preferentially develop not inside the planning target volume (PTV) but around, over several centimeters, after a latency period of 1–40 years. We show here that normal human or mouse dermal fibroblasts submitted to the out-of-field dose scattering at the margin of a PTV receiving a mimicked patient’s treatment do not die but enter in a long-lived senescent state resulting from the accumulation of unrepaired DNA single-strand breaks, in the almost absence of double-strand breaks. Importantly, a few of these senescent cells systematically and spontaneously escape from the cell cycle arrest after a while to generate daughter cells harboring mutations and invasive capacities. These findings highlight single-strand break-induced senescence as the mechanism of second primary cancer initiation, with clinically relevant spatiotemporal specificities. Senescence being pharmacologically targetable, they open the avenue for second primary cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Goy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Maxime Tomezak
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8520, Institut d'Electronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Caterina Facchin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Plateforme PRECI, F-59120 Loos, France.,Oncovet, Plateforme PRECI, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jerome Benoit
- Oncovet Clinical Research, Plateforme PRECI, F-59120 Loos, France.,Oncovet, Plateforme PRECI, F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Clementine de Schutter
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Joe Nassour
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laure Saas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Claire Drullion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Priscille M Brodin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Vandeputte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Molendi-Coste
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Pineau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gautier Goormachtigh
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fabrizio Cleri
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR8520, Institut d'Electronique, Microélectronique et Nanotechnologie, F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Eric Lartigau
- Lille University, Medical School and Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Penel
- Lille University, Medical School and Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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7
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Logli E, Marzuolo E, D'Agostino M, Conti LA, Lena AM, Diociaiuti A, Dellambra E, Has C, Cianfanelli V, Zambruno G, El Hachem M, Magenta A, Candi E, Condorelli AG. Proteasome-mediated degradation of keratins 7, 8, 17 and 18 by mutant KLHL24 in a foetal keratinocyte model: Novel insight in congenital skin defects and fragility of epidermolysis bullosa simplex with cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1308-1324. [PMID: 34740256 PMCID: PMC9029237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) with cardiomyopathy (EBS-KLHL24) is an EBS subtype caused by dominantly inherited, gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the ubiquitin-ligase KLHL24, which addresses specific proteins to proteasomal degradation. EBS-KLHL24 patients are born with extensive denuded skin areas and skin fragility. Whilst skin fragility rapidly ameliorates, atrophy and scarring develop over time, accompanied by life-threatening cardiomyopathy. To date, pathogenetic mechanisms underlying such a unique disease phenotype are not fully characterized. The basal keratin 14 (K14) has been indicated as a KLHL24 substrate in keratinocytes. However, EBS-KLHL24 pathobiology cannot be determined by the mutation-enhanced disruption of K14 alone, as K14 is similarly expressed in foetal and postnatal epidermis and its protein levels are preserved both in vivo and in vitro disease models. In this study, we focused on foetal keratins as additional KLHL24 substrates. We showed that K7, K8, K17 and K18 protein levels are markedly reduced via proteasome degradation in normal foetal keratinocytes transduced with the mutant KLHL24 protein (ΔN28-KLHL24) as compared to control cells expressing the wild-type form. In addition, heat stress led to keratin network defects and decreased resilience in ΔN28-KLHL24 cells. The KLHL24-mediated degradation of foetal keratins could contribute to congenital skin defects in EBS-KLHL24. Furthermore, we observed that primary keratinocytes from EBS-KLHL24 patients undergo accelerated clonal conversion with reduced colony forming efficiency (CFE) and early replicative senescence. Finally, our findings pointed out a reduced CFE in ΔN28-KLHL24-transduced foetal keratinocytes as compared to controls, suggesting that mutant KLHL24 contributes to patients’ keratinocyte clonogenicity impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Logli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Marzuolo
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - May El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit and Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Giuseppe Condorelli
- Genodermatosis Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
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8
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Chakrabarty A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya R, Chowdhury G. Senescence-Induced Chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Evolution-Based Treatment Strategies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674354. [PMID: 34249714 PMCID: PMC8264500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with combination chemotherapies. Although, initially responsive to chemotherapies, TNBC patients frequently develop drug-resistant, metastatic disease. Chemotherapy resistance can develop through many mechanisms, including induction of a transient growth-arrested state, known as the therapy-induced senescence (TIS). In this paper, we will focus on chemoresistance in TNBC due to TIS. One of the key characteristics of senescent cells is a complex secretory phenotype, known as the senescence-associated secretory proteome (SASP), which by prompting immune-mediated clearance of senescent cells maintains tissue homeostasis and suppresses tumorigenesis. However, in cancer, particularly with TIS, senescent cells themselves as well as SASP promote cellular reprograming into a stem-like state responsible for the emergence of drug-resistant, aggressive clones. In addition to chemotherapies, outcomes of recently approved immune and DNA damage-response (DDR)-directed therapies are also affected by TIS, implying that this a common strategy used by cancer cells for evading treatment. Although there has been an explosion of scientific research for manipulating TIS for prevention of drug resistance, much of it is still at the pre-clinical stage. From an evolutionary perspective, cancer is driven by natural selection, wherein the fittest tumor cells survive and proliferate while the tumor microenvironment influences tumor cell fitness. As TIS seems to be preferred for increasing the fitness of drug-challenged cancer cells, we will propose a few tactics to control it by using the principles of evolutionary biology. We hope that with appropriate therapeutic intervention, this detrimental cellular fate could be diverted in favor of TNBC patients.
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9
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Talukdar S, Das SK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. Autophagy and senescence: Insights from normal and cancer stem cells. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:147-208. [PMID: 33858596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process, which allows cells to adapt to metabolic stress through the degradation and recycling of intracellular components to generate macromolecular precursors and produce energy. Autophagy is also critical in maintaining cellular/tissue homeostasis, as well preserving immunity and preventing human disease. Deregulation of autophagic processes is associated with cancer, neurodegeneration, muscle and heart disease, infectious diseases and aging. Research on a variety of stem cell types establish that autophagy plays critical roles in normal and cancer stem cell quiescence, activation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Considering its critical function in regulating the metabolic state of stem cells, autophagy plays a dual role in the regulation of normal and cancer stem cell senescence, and cellular responses to various therapeutic strategies. The relationships between autophagy, senescence, dormancy and apoptosis frequently focus on responses to various forms of stress. These are interrelated processes that profoundly affect normal and abnormal human physiology that require further elucidation in cancer stem cells. This review provides a current perspective on autophagy and senescence in both normal and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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10
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Pluquet O, Abbadie C. Cellular senescence and tumor promotion: Role of the Unfolded Protein Response. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:285-334. [PMID: 33858599 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state which can be viewed as a stress response phenotype implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to understand why and how a cell acquires and maintains a senescent phenotype. Direct evidence has pointed to the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum whose control appears strikingly affected during senescence. The endoplasmic reticulum is one of the sensing organelles that transduce signals between different pathways in order to adapt a functional proteome upon intrinsic or extrinsic challenges. One of these signaling pathways is the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which has been shown to be activated during senescence. Its exact contribution to senescence onset, maintenance, and escape, however, is still poorly understood. In this article, we review the mechanisms through which the UPR contributes to the appearance and maintenance of characteristic senescent features. We also discuss whether the perturbation of the endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis or accumulation of misfolded proteins could be possible causes of senescence, and-as a consequence-to what extent the UPR components could be considered as therapeutic targets allowing for the elimination of senescent cells or altering their secretome to prevent neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France.
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
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11
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Zein L, Fulda S, Kögel D, van Wijk SJL. Organelle-specific mechanisms of drug-induced autophagy-dependent cell death. Matrix Biol 2020; 100-101:54-64. [PMID: 33321172 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conserved catabolic process of autophagy is an important control mechanism that degrades cellular organelles, debris and pathogens in autolysosomes. Although autophagy primarily protects against cellular insults, nutrient starvation or oxidative stress, hyper-activation of autophagy is also believed to cause autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD). ADCD is a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death (PCD), characterized by an over-activation of autophagy, leading to prominent self-digestion of cellular material in autolysosomes beyond the point of cell survival. ADCD plays important roles in the development of lower organisms, but also in the response of cancer cells upon exposure of specific drugs or natural compounds. Importantly, the induction of ADCD as an alternative cell death pathway is of special interest in apoptosis-resistant cancer types and serves as an attractive and potential therapeutic option. Although the mechanisms of ADCD are diverse and not yet fully understood, both non-selective (bulk) autophagy and organelle-specific types of autophagy are believed to be involved in this type of cell death. Accordingly, several ADCD-inducing drugs are known to trigger severe mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas the contribution of other cell organelles, like ribosomes or peroxisomes, to the control of ADCD is not well understood. In this review, we highlight the general mechanisms of ADCD and discuss the current evidence for mitochondria- and ER-specific killing mechanisms of ADCD-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zein
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:921-930. [PMID: 32591647 PMCID: PMC7338414 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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13
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Connecting cancer relapse with senescence. Cancer Lett 2019; 463:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Jobim ML, Azzolin VF, Assmann CE, Morsch VMM, da Cruz IBM, de Freitas Bauermann L. Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates the keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT) oxidative metabolism via Keap1-Nrf2 redox signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5785-5793. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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15
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Drullion C, Marot G, Martin N, Desle J, Saas L, Salazar-Cardozo C, Bouali F, Pourtier A, Abbadie C, Pluquet O. Pre-malignant transformation by senescence evasion is prevented by the PERK and ATF6alpha branches of the Unfolded Protein Response. Cancer Lett 2018; 438:187-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Cordisco S, Tinaburri L, Teson M, Orioli D, Cardin R, Degan P, Stefanini M, Zambruno G, Guerra L, Dellambra E. Cockayne Syndrome Type A Protein Protects Primary Human Keratinocytes from Senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:38-50. [PMID: 30009828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects in Cockayne syndrome type A (CSA), a gene involved in nucleotide excision repair, cause an autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by growth failure, progressive neurological dysfunction, premature aging, and skin photosensitivity and atrophy. Beyond its role in DNA repair, the CSA protein has additional functions in transcription and oxidative stress response, which are not yet fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of CSA protein in primary human keratinocyte senescence. Primary keratinocytes from three patients with CS-A displayed premature aging features, namely premature clonal conversion, high steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species and 8-OH-hydroxyguanine, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Stable transduction of CS-A keratinocytes with the wild-type CSA gene restored the normal cellular sensitivity to UV irradiation and normal 8-OH-hydroxyguanine levels. Gene correction was also characterized by proper restoration of keratinocyte clonogenic capacity and expression of clonal conversion key regulators (p16 and p63), decreased NF-κB activity and, in turn, the expression of its targets (NOX1 and MnSOD), and the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype mediators. Overall, the CSA protein plays an important role in protecting cells from senescence by facilitating DNA damage processing, maintaining physiological redox status and keratinocyte clonogenic ability, and reducing the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-mediated inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Tinaburri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Teson
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Romilda Cardin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Zambruno
- Genetic and Rare Diseases Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Liliana Guerra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Dellambra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Yamaguchi M, Kajiya H, Egashira R, Yasunaga M, Hagio-Izaki K, Sato A, Toshimitsu T, Naito T, Ohno J. Oxidative Stress-induced Interaction between Autophagy and Cellular Senescence in Human Keratinocytes. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Hiroshi Kajiya
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Rui Egashira
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Madoka Yasunaga
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Kanako Hagio-Izaki
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of General Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Ayako Sato
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Section of Oral Implantology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Takuya Toshimitsu
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
- Dentistry for the Disabled, Department of Oral Growth and Development, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Toru Naito
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Jun Ohno
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College
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18
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Plafker KS, Zyla K, Berry W, Plafker SM. Loss of the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2E3 induces cellular senescence. Redox Biol 2018; 17:411-422. [PMID: 29879550 PMCID: PMC6007080 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays essential roles in tissue homeostasis as well as a host of diseases ranging from cancers to age-related neurodegeneration. Various molecular pathways can induce senescence and these different pathways dictate the phenotypic and metabolic changes that accompany the transition to, and maintenance of, the senescence state. Here, we describe a novel senescence phenotype induced by depletion of UBE2E3, a highly-conserved, metazoan ubiquitin conjugating enzyme. Cells depleted of UBE2E3 become senescent in the absence of overt DNA damage and have a distinct senescence-associated secretory phenotype, increased mitochondrial and lysosomal mass, an increased sensitivity to mitochondrial and lysosomal poisons, and an increased basal autophagic flux. This senescence phenotype can be partially suppressed by co-depletion of either p53 or its cognate target gene, p21CIP1/WAF1, or by co-depleting the tumor suppressor p16INK4a. Together, these data describe a direct link of a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme to cellular senescence and further underscore the consequences of disrupting the integration between the ubiquitin proteolysis system and the autophagy machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra S Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Katarzyna Zyla
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William Berry
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Scott M Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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19
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The Role of Free Radicals in Autophagy Regulation: Implications for Ageing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2450748. [PMID: 29682156 PMCID: PMC5846360 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2450748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, resp.) have been traditionally perceived solely as detrimental, leading to oxidative damage of biological macromolecules and organelles, cellular demise, and ageing. However, recent data suggest that ROS/RNS also plays an integral role in intracellular signalling and redox homeostasis (redoxtasis), which are necessary for the maintenance of cellular functions. There is a complex relationship between cellular ROS/RNS content and autophagy, which represents one of the major quality control systems in the cell. In this review, we focus on redox signalling and autophagy regulation with a special interest on ageing-associated changes. In the last section, we describe the role of autophagy and redox signalling in the context of Alzheimer's disease as an example of a prevalent age-related disorder.
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20
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Li L, Chen X, Gu H. The signaling involved in autophagy machinery in keratinocytes and therapeutic approaches for skin diseases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50682-50697. [PMID: 27191982 PMCID: PMC5226613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for the lysosomal degradation of proteins, organelles, microorganisms and exogenous particles. Epidermis primarily consists of keratinocytes which functions as an extremely important barrier. Investigation on autophagy in keratinocytes has been continuously renewing, but is not so systematic due to the complexity of the autophagy machinery. Here we reviewed recent studies on the autophagy in keratinocyte with a focus on interplay between autophagy machinery and keratinocytes biology, and novel autophagy regulators identified in keratinocytes. In this review, we discussed the roles of autophagy in apoptosis, differentiation, immune response, survival and melanin metabolism, trying to reveal the possible involvement of autophagy in skin aging, skin disorders and skin color formation. Since autophagy routinely plays a double-edged sword role in various conditions, its functions in skin homeostasis and potential application as a therapeutic target for skin diseases remains to be clarified. Furthermore, more investigations are needed on optimizing designed strategies to inhibit or enhance autophagy for clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
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21
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Abbadie C, Pluquet O, Pourtier A. Epithelial cell senescence: an adaptive response to pre-carcinogenic stresses? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4471-4509. [PMID: 28707011 PMCID: PMC11107641 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a cell state occurring in vitro and in vivo after successive replication cycles and/or upon exposition to various stressors. It is characterized by a strong cell cycle arrest associated with several molecular, metabolic and morphologic changes. The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues and organs with time plays a role in organismal aging and in several age-associated disorders and pathologies. Moreover, several therapeutic interventions are able to prematurely induce senescence. It is, therefore, tremendously important to characterize in-depth, the mechanisms by which senescence is induced, as well as the precise properties of senescent cells. For historical reasons, senescence is often studied with fibroblast models. Other cell types, however, much more relevant regarding the structure and function of vital organs and/or regarding pathologies, are regrettably often neglected. In this article, we will clarify what is known on senescence of epithelial cells and highlight what distinguishes it from, and what makes it like, replicative senescence of fibroblasts taken as a standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, 59000, Lille, France
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22
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Eltony SA, Ali SS. Histological study on the effect of nicotine on adult male guinea pig thin skin. Anat Cell Biol 2017; 50:187-199. [PMID: 29043097 PMCID: PMC5639173 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking has been identified as an important factor in premature skin aging to detect the histological changes occurred in adult male guinea pig thin skin under the influence of low and high doses of nicotine; which constitutes approximately 0.6%–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Fifteen adult male pigmented guinea pigs were equally divided into three groups: group I, control; group IIA, low dose nicotine treated; 3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks; and group IIB, high dose nicotine treated; 6 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 weeks. Specimens from the back thin skin were processed for light and electron microscopy. Nicotine administration revealed flattened dermo-epidermal junction and reduced rete ridges formation. Collagen bundles were disorganized with increased spaces between them. A reduction in the amount of elastic fibers in the dermis were also observed compared to group I. Ultrastructurally, keratinocytes had hyperchromatic nuclei, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, disruption of desmosomal junctions, irregular tonofilaments distribution, and increased inter-cellular spaces. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration. The epidermal thickness was reduced in low dose nicotine administration. But, high dose nicotine administration revealed increased epidermal thickness compared to the control group. Nicotine induced structural changes of adult male guinea pig thin skin. These changes were more pronounced with high dose nicotine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohair A Eltony
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safaa S Ali
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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23
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Song C, Mitter SK, Qi X, Beli E, Rao HV, Ding J, Ip CS, Gu H, Akin D, Dunn WA, Bowes Rickman C, Lewin AS, Grant MB, Boulton ME. Oxidative stress-mediated NFκB phosphorylation upregulates p62/SQSTM1 and promotes retinal pigmented epithelial cell survival through increased autophagy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171940. [PMID: 28222108 PMCID: PMC5319799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p62 is a scaffolding adaptor implicated in the clearance of protein aggregates by autophagy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can either stimulate or inhibit NFκB-mediated gene expression influencing cellular fate. We studied the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated oxidative stress and NFκB signaling on p62 expression in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and investigated its role in regulation of autophagy and RPE survival against oxidative damage. Cultured human RPE cell line ARPE-19 and primary human adult and fetal RPE cells were exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The human apolipoprotein E4 targeted-replacement (APOE4) mouse model of AMD was used to study expression of p62 and other autophagy proteins in the retina. p62, NFκB p65 (total, phosphorylated, nuclear and cytoplasmic) and ATG10 expression was assessed by mRNA and protein analyses. Cellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide were measured by CM-H2DCFDA and MitoSOX staining respectively. Mitochondrial viability was determined using MTT activity. qPCR-array system was used to investigate autophagic genes affected by p62. Nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of NFκB p65 were evaluated after cellular fractionation by Western blotting. We report that p62 is up-regulated in RPE cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress and promotes autophagic activity. Depletion of endogenous p62 reduces autophagy by downregulation of ATG10 rendering RPE more susceptible to oxidative damage. NFκB p65 phosphorylation at Ser-536 was found to be critical for p62 upregulation in response to oxidative stress. Proteasome inhibition by H2O2 causes p62-NFκB signaling as antioxidant pre-treatment reversed p62 expression and p65 phosphorylation when RPE was challenged by H2O2 but not when by Lactacystin. p62 protein but not RNA levels are elevated in APOE4-HFC AMD mouse model, suggesting reduction of autophagic flux in disease conditions. Our findings suggest that p62 is necessary for RPE cytoprotection under oxidative stress and functions, in part, by modulating ATG10 expression. NFκB p65 activity may be a critical upstream initiator of p62 expression in RPE cells under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Song
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sayak K Mitter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Xiaoping Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Haripriya V Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jindong Ding
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Colin S Ip
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Debra Akin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William A Dunn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Catherine Bowes Rickman
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alfred S Lewin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Michael E Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Akinduro O, Sully K, Patel A, Robinson DJ, Chikh A, McPhail G, Braun KM, Philpott MP, Harwood CA, Byrne C, O'Shaughnessy RFL, Bergamaschi D. Constitutive Autophagy and Nucleophagy during Epidermal Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1460-1470. [PMID: 27021405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes migrate through the epidermis up to the granular layer where, on terminal differentiation, they progressively lose organelles and convert into anucleate cells or corneocytes. Our report explores the role of autophagy in ensuring epidermal function providing the first comprehensive profile of autophagy marker expression in developing epidermis. We show that autophagy is constitutively active in the epidermal granular layer where by electron microscopy we identified double-membrane autophagosomes. We demonstrate that differentiating keratinocytes undergo a selective form of nucleophagy characterized by accumulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3/lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2/p62 positive autolysosomes. These perinuclear vesicles displayed positivity for histone interacting protein, heterochromatin protein 1α, and localize in proximity with Lamin A and B1 accumulation, whereas in newborn mice and adult human skin, we report LC3 puncta coincident with misshaped nuclei within the granular layer. This process relies on autophagy integrity as confirmed by lack of nucleophagy in differentiating keratinocytes depleted from WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting 1 or Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1. Final validation into a skin disease model showed that impaired autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Lack of LC3 expression in psoriatic skin lesions correlates with parakeratosis and deregulated expression or location of most of the autophagic markers. Our findings may have implications and improve treatment options for patients with epidermal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufolake Akinduro
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Sully
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ankit Patel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah J Robinson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham McPhail
- EM Service, Blizard Institute Pathology Core Facility, Cellular Pathology Department, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristin M Braun
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Byrne
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Livingstone Skin Research Centre for Children, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Immunobiology, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Anti-osteoclastogenic activity of isoliquiritigenin via inhibition of NF-κB-dependent autophagic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 106:82-93. [PMID: 26947453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies, including those from our laboratory, have demonstrated that the natural flavonoid isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a promising agent for bone destructive diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-osteoclastogenic effects are still far from clear. Here, we evaluated the potential alterations of autophagy and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) during anti-osteoclastogenic effects by ISL in vitro and in vivo. We observed that ISL inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and suppressed autophagic microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 accumulation. ISL treatment resulted in the interruption of several specific features for autophagy in osteoclast precursors, including acidic vesicular organelle formation, LC3-II accumulation, and appearance of autophagic vacuoles. The RANKL-stimulated expression levels of autophagy-related genes and proteins also diminished in ISL-treated osteoclast precursors. The reactivation of autophagy by rapamycin almost reversed the ISL-elicited anti-osteoclastogenic effects. Interestingly, ISL inhibited the RANKL-stimulated NF-κB expression and nuclear translocation, whereas the NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 markedly suppressed the RANKL-induced autophagic activation. Consistent with the in vitro results, the administration of ISL could attenuate osteoclastogenic cathepsin K, autophagic LC3, and NF-κB expression to protect against inflammatory calvarial bone erosion in vivo. Our findings highlight the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent autophagy as an important mechanism of ISL-mediated anti-osteoclastogenic activity.
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Nassour J, Martien S, Martin N, Deruy E, Tomellini E, Malaquin N, Bouali F, Sabatier L, Wernert N, Pinte S, Gilson E, Pourtier A, Pluquet O, Abbadie C. Defective DNA single-strand break repair is responsible for senescence and neoplastic escape of epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10399. [PMID: 26822533 PMCID: PMC4740115 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic of senescence is its stability which relies on the persistence of DNA damage. We show that unlike fibroblasts, senescent epithelial cells do not activate an ATM-or ATR-dependent DNA damage response (DDR), but accumulate oxidative-stress-induced DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs). These breaks remain unrepaired because of a decrease in PARP1 expression and activity. This leads to the formation of abnormally large and persistent XRCC1 foci that engage a signalling cascade involving the p38MAPK and leading to p16 upregulation and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, the default in SSB repair also leads to the emergence of post-senescent transformed and mutated precancerous cells. In human-aged skin, XRCC1 foci accumulate in the epidermal cells in correlation with a decline of PARP1, whereas DDR foci accumulate mainly in dermal fibroblasts. These findings point SSBs as a DNA damage encountered by epithelial cells with aging which could fuel the very first steps of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Nassour
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Martien
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Martin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeric Deruy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisa Tomellini
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Malaquin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Fatima Bouali
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Oncologie (LRO), 18 route du Panorama - BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses 53011, France
| | - Nicolas Wernert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, 53011 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sébastien Pinte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR7284, INSERM U108, Faculty of Medecine of Nice; CHU of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR7284, INSERM U108, Faculty of Medecine of Nice; CHU of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Pluquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161 - M3T - Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France
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27
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Xie X, Dai H, Zhuang B, Chai L, Xie Y, Li Y. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide promotes cell proliferation and differentiation by modulating autophagy in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:437-43. [PMID: 26780726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects and the underlying mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation are still less known. In the current study, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of exogenous H2S on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with various concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H2S) for 24 h. A CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of proteins associated with differentiation and autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe autophagic vacuoles, and flow cytometry was applied to evaluate apoptosis. NaHS promoted the viability, induced the differentiation, and enhanced autophagic activity in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells but had no effect on cell apoptosis. Blockage of autophagy by ATG5 siRNA inhibited NaHS-induced cell proliferation and differentiation. The current study demonstrated that autophagy in response to exogenous H2S treatment promoted keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results provide additional insights into the potential role of autophagy in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Binyu Zhuang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Li Chai
- Institute of Dermatology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yanguang Xie
- Institute of Dermatology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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28
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Okoh VO, Garba NA, Penney RB, Das J, Deoraj A, Singh KP, Sarkar S, Felty Q, Yoo C, Jackson RM, Roy D. Redox signalling to nuclear regulatory proteins by reactive oxygen species contributes to oestrogen-induced growth of breast cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:1687-702. [PMID: 25965299 PMCID: PMC4430710 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: 17β-Oestradiol (E2)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in regulating the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this is not clear. Here we show how ROS through a novel redox signalling pathway involving nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and p27 contribute to E2-induced growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: Chromatin immunoprecipitation, qPCR, mass spectrometry, redox western blot, colony formation, cell proliferation, ROS assay, and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to study the role of NRF-1. Results: The major novel finding of this study is the demonstration of oxidative modification of phosphatases PTEN and CDC25A by E2-generated ROS along with the subsequent activation of AKT and ERK pathways that culminated in the activation of NRF-1 leading to the upregulation of cell cycle genes. 17β-Oestradiol-induced ROS by influencing nuclear proteins p27 and Jab1 also contributed to the growth of MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: Taken together, our results present evidence in the support of E2-induced ROS-mediated AKT signalling leading to the activation of NRF-1-regulated cell cycle genes as well as the impairment of p27 activity, which is presumably necessary for the growth of MCF-7 cells. These observations are important because they provide a new paradigm by which oestrogen may contribute to the growth of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Okoh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA
| | - N A Garba
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA
| | - R B Penney
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - J Das
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA
| | - A Deoraj
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA
| | - K P Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Q Felty
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA
| | - C Yoo
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - R M Jackson
- Research Service, VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - D Roy
- 1] Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199-0001, USA [2] Research Service, VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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29
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Pluquet O, Pourtier A, Abbadie C. The unfolded protein response and cellular senescence. A review in the theme: cellular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C415-25. [PMID: 25540175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle critical for the proper folding and assembly of secreted and transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of ER functions cause ER stress, which activates a coordinated system of transcriptional and translational controls called the unfolded protein response (UPR), to cope with accumulation of misfolded proteins and proteotoxicity. It results in ER homeostasis restoration or in cell death. Senescence is a complex cell phenotype induced by several stresses such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and activation of some oncogenes. It is mainly characterized by a cell enlargement, a permanent cell-cycle arrest, and the production of a secretome enriched in proinflammatory cytokines and components of the extracellular matrix. Senescent cells accumulate with age in tissues and are suspected to play a role in age-associated diseases. Since senescence is a stress response, the question arises of whether an ER stress could occur concomitantly with senescence and participate in the onset or maintenance of the senescent features. Here, we described the interconnections between the UPR signaling and the different aspects of the cellular senescence programs and discuss the implication of UPR modulations in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Pluquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France; Université Lille 1 Sciences et Techniques, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, Lille, France; and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France; Université Lille 1 Sciences et Techniques, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, Lille, France; and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Abbadie
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8161, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Lille, France; Université Lille 1 Sciences et Techniques, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, Lille, France; and Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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30
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Level of macroautophagy drives senescent keratinocytes into cell death or neoplastic evasion. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1577. [PMID: 25522271 PMCID: PMC4649843 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a non-proliferative state reached by normal cells in response to various stresses, including telomere uncapping, oxidative stress or oncogene activation. In previous reports, we have highlighted that senescent human epidermal keratinocytes have two opposite outcomes: either they die by autophagic programmed cell death or they evade in the form of neoplastic postsenescence emergent (PSNE) cells. Herein, we show that partially reducing macroautophagy in senescent keratinocytes using 3-methyl adenine or anti-Atg5 siRNAs increases the PSNE frequency, suggesting that senescent keratinocytes have to escape autophagic cell death to generate PSNE cells. However, totally inhibiting macroautophagy impairs PSNE and leads to a huge accumulation of oxidative damages, indicating that senescent keratinocytes need to achieve quality-control macroautophagy for PSNE to occur. In accordance, we demonstrate that the progenitors of PSNE cells display a level of macroautophagy slightly lower than that of the average senescent population, which is directly dictated by their level of reactive oxygen species, their level of upregulation of MnSOD, their level of activation of NF-κB transcription factors and their level of dysfunctional mitochondria. Macroautophagy thus has antagonistic roles during senescence, inducing cell death or promoting neoplastic transformation, depending on its level of activation. Taken together, these data suggest that levels of oxidative damages and ensuing macroautophagic activity could be two main determinants of the very initial phases of neoplastic transformation by senescence evasion.
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31
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Navarro-Yepes J, Burns M, Anandhan A, Khalimonchuk O, del Razo LM, Quintanilla-Vega B, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and autophagy: cell death versus survival. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:66-85. [PMID: 24483238 PMCID: PMC4048575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular machinery regulating autophagy has started becoming elucidated, and a number of studies have undertaken the task to determine the role of autophagy in cell fate determination within the context of human disease progression. Oxidative stress and redox signaling are also largely involved in the etiology of human diseases, where both survival and cell death signaling cascades have been reported to be modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). RECENT ADVANCES To date, there is a good understanding of the signaling events regulating autophagy, as well as the signaling processes by which alterations in redox homeostasis are transduced to the activation/regulation of signaling cascades. However, very little is known about the molecular events linking them to the regulation of autophagy. This lack of information has hampered the understanding of the role of oxidative stress and autophagy in human disease progression. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we will focus on (i) the molecular mechanism by which ROS/RNS generation, redox signaling, and/or oxidative stress/damage alter autophagic flux rates; (ii) the role of autophagy as a cell death process or survival mechanism in response to oxidative stress; and (iii) alternative mechanisms by which autophagy-related signaling regulate mitochondrial function and antioxidant response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Our research efforts should now focus on understanding the molecular basis of events by which autophagy is fine tuned by oxidation/reduction events. This knowledge will enable us to understand the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and autophagy regulate human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
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32
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Chikh A, Sanzà P, Raimondi C, Akinduro O, Warnes G, Chiorino G, Byrne C, Harwood CA, Bergamaschi D. iASPP is a novel autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3079-93. [PMID: 24777476 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.144816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein iASPP (encoded by PPP1R13L) is an evolutionarily conserved p53 inhibitor, the expression of which is often upregulated in human cancers. We have recently shown that iASPP is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis. Here, we report that iASPP also acts as autophagy inhibitor in keratinocytes. Our data show that depletion of iASPP protects keratinocytes from apoptosis by modulating the expression of Noxa (also known as PMAIP1). In our model, iASPP expression can affect the fission-fusion cycle, mass and shape of mitochondria. iASPP-silenced keratinocytes display disorganization of cytosolic compartments and increased metabolic stress caused by deregulation of mTORC1 signaling. Moreover, increased levels of lipidated LC3 protein confirmed the activation of autophagy in iASPP-depleted cells. We have identified a novel mechanism modulating autophagy in keratinocytes that relies upon iASPP expression specifically reducing the interaction of Atg5-Atg12 with Atg16L1, an interaction that is essential for autophagosome formation or maturation. Using organotypic culture, we further explored the link between autophagy and differentiation, and we showed that impairing autophagy affects epidermal terminal differentiation. Our data provide an alternative mechanism to explain how epithelial integrity is maintained against environmental stressors and might also improve the understanding of the etiology of skin diseases that are characterized by defects in differentiation and DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chikh
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Paolo Sanzà
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Olufolake Akinduro
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gary Warnes
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomic Laboratory, Edo ed Elvo Tempia Foundation, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Carolyn Byrne
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Zhang B, Davidson MM, Hei TK. Mitochondria regulate DNA damage and genomic instability induced by high LET radiation. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2014; 1:80-88. [PMID: 25072018 PMCID: PMC4111269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation including α particles and heavy ions is the major type of radiation find in space and is considered a potential health risk for astronauts. Even though the chance that these high LET particles traversing through the cytoplasm of cells is higher than that through the nuclei, the contribution of targeted cytoplasmic irradiation, to the induction of genomic instability and other chromosomal damages induced by high LET radiation is not known. In the present study, we investigated whether mitochondria are the potential cytoplasmic target of high LET radiation in mediating cellular damage using a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depleted (ρ0) human small airway epithelial (SAE) cell model and a precision charged particle microbeam with a beam width of merely one micron. Targeted cytoplasmic irradiation by high LET α particles induced DNA oxidative damage and double strand breaks in wild type ρ+ SAE cells. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in autophagy, micronuclei, which is an indication of genomic instability, together with the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitochondrial inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathways in ρ+ SAE cells. In contrast, ρ0 SAE cells exhibited a significantly lower response to these same endpoints examined after cytoplasmic irradiation with high LET α particles. The results indicate that mitochondria are essential in mediating cytoplasmic radiation induced genotoxic damage in mammalian cells. Furthermore, the findings may shed some light in the design of countermeasures for space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, VC 11-205/218, New York, N.Y. 10032
| | - Mercy M. Davidson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S 11-451, New York, N.Y. 10032
| | - Tom K. Hei
- Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, VC 11-205/218, New York, N.Y. 10032
- Corresponding authors: Tom K. Hei, Center for Radiological Research, 630 West 168th Street, VC 11-205/218, New York, N.Y. 10032. ; Phone: 212-305-8462; Fax: 212-305-3229
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Martien S, Pluquet O, Vercamer C, Malaquin N, Martin N, Gosselin K, Pourtier A, Abbadie C. Cellular senescence involves an intracrine prostaglandin E2 pathway in human fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1217-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Senescent fibroblasts enhance early skin carcinogenic events via a paracrine MMP-PAR-1 axis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63607. [PMID: 23675494 PMCID: PMC3651095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of carcinoma increases greatly with aging, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this correlation are only partly known. It is established that senescent fibroblasts promote the malignant progression of already-transformed cells through secretion of inflammatory mediators. We investigated here whether the senescent fibroblast secretome might have an impact on the very first stages of carcinogenesis. We chose the cultured normal primary human epidermal keratinocyte model, because after these cells reach the senescence plateau, cells with transformed and tumorigenic properties systematically and spontaneously emerge from the plateau. In the presence of medium conditioned by autologous senescent dermal fibroblasts, a higher frequency of post-senescence emergence was observed and the post-senescence emergent cells showed enhanced migratory properties and a more marked epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Using pharmacological inhibitors, siRNAs, and blocking antibodies, we demonstrated that the MMP-1 and MMP-2 matrix metalloproteinases, known to participate in late stages of cancer invasion and metastasis, are responsible for this enhancement of early migratory capacity. We present evidence that MMPs act by activating the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), whose expression is specifically increased in post-senescence emergent keratinocytes. The physiopathological relevance of these results was tested by analyzing MMP activity and PAR-1 expression in skin sections. Both were higher in skin sections from aged subjects than in ones from young subjects. Altogether, our results suggest that during aging, the dermal and epidermal skin compartments might be activated coordinately for initiation of skin carcinoma, via a paracrine axis in which MMPs secreted by senescent fibroblasts promote very early epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratinocytes undergoing transformation and oversynthesizing the MMP-activatable receptor PAR-1.
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Gewirtz DA. Autophagy and senescence: a partnership in search of definition. Autophagy 2013; 9:808-12. [PMID: 23422284 DOI: 10.4161/auto.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and senescence share a number of characteristics, which suggests that both responses could serve to collaterally protect the cell from the toxicity of external stress such as radiation and chemotherapy and internal forms of stress such as telomere shortening and oncogene activation. Studies of oncogene activation in normal fibroblasts as well as exposure of tumor cells to chemotherapy have indicated that autophagy and senescence are closely related but not necessarily interdependent responses; specifically, interference with autophagy delays but does not abrogate senescence. The literature relating to this topic is inconclusive, with some reports appearing to be consistent with a direct relationship between autophagy and senescence and others indicative of an inverse relationship. Before this question can be resolved, additional studies will be necessary where autophagy is clearly inhibited by genetic silencing and where the temporal responses of both autophagy and senescence are monitored, preferably in cells that are intrinsically incapable of apoptosis or where apoptosis is suppressed. Understanding the nature of this relationship may provide needed insights relating to cytoprotective as well as potential cytotoxic functions of both autophagy and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S, Maiese K. Shedding new light on neurodegenerative diseases through the mammalian target of rapamycin. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:128-48. [PMID: 22980037 PMCID: PMC3479314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect a significant portion of the world's population leading to either disability or death for almost 30 million individuals worldwide. One novel therapeutic target that may offer promise for multiple disease entities that involve Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, trauma, stroke, and tumors of the nervous system is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR signaling is dependent upon the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes that are composed of mTOR and several regulatory proteins including the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1, hamartin/TSC2, tuberin). Through a number of integrated cell signaling pathways that involve those of mTORC1 and mTORC2 as well as more novel signaling tied to cytokines, Wnt, and forkhead, mTOR can foster stem cellular proliferation, tissue repair and longevity, and synaptic growth by modulating mechanisms that foster both apoptosis and autophagy. Yet, mTOR through its proliferative capacity may sometimes be detrimental to central nervous system recovery and even promote tumorigenesis. Further knowledge of mTOR and the critical pathways governed by this serine/threonine protein kinase can bring new light for neurodegeneration and other related diseases that currently require new and robust treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New Jersey 07101
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey 07101
- New Jersey Health Sciences University Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Taurine attenuates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells through mTOR signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sarangi U, Paithankar KR, Kumar JU, Subramaniam V, Sreedhar AS. 17AAG Treatment Accelerates Doxorubicin Induced Cellular Senescence: Hsp90 Interferes with Enforced Senescence of Tumor Cells. Drug Target Insights 2012; 6:19-39. [PMID: 22915839 PMCID: PMC3422084 DOI: 10.4137/dti.s9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 chaperone has been identified as an attractive pharmacological target to combat cancer. However, some metastatic tumors either fail to respond to Hsp90 inhibition or show recovery necessitating irreversible therapeutic strategies. In response to this enforced senescence has been proposed as an alternate strategy. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting Hsp90 with 17AAG sensitizes human neuroblastoma to DNA damage response mediated cellular senescence. Among individual and combination drug treatments, 17AAG pre-treatment followed by doxorubicin treatment exhibited senescence-like characteristics such as increased nucleus to cytoplasm ratio, cell cycle arrest, SA-β-gal staining and the perpetual increase in SAHF. Doxorubicin induced senescence signaling was mediated by p53-p21(CIP/WAF-1) and was accelerated in the absence of functional Hsp90. Sustained p16(INK4a) and H3K4me3 expressions correlating with unaffected telomerase activation annulled replicative senescence and appraised stress induced senescence. Despite increases in [(ROS)i] and [(Ca(2+))i], a concomitant increase in cellular antioxidant defense system suggested oxidation independent senescence activation. Sustained activation of survival (Akt) and proliferative (ERK1/2) kinases fosters robustness of cells. Invigorating senescent cells with growth factor or snooping with mTOR or PI3 kinase inhibitors compromised cell survival but not senescence. Intriguingly, senescence-associated secretory factors from the senescence cells manifested established senescence in neuroblastoma, which offers clinical advantage to our approach. Our study discusses tumor selective functions of Hsp90 and discusses irrefutable strategies of Hsp90 inhibition in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sarangi
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Khande Rao Paithankar
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jonnala Ujwal Kumar
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Subramaniam
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amere Subbarao Sreedhar
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Hasui K, Nagai T, Wang J, Jia X, Aozasa K, Izumo S, Kawano Y, Kanekura T, Eizuru Y, Matsuyama T. Immunohistochemistry of programmed cell death in archival human pathology specimens. Cells 2012; 1:74-88. [PMID: 24710415 PMCID: PMC3901094 DOI: 10.3390/cells1020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting key signal molecules involved in programmed cell death (PCD) in archival human pathology specimens is fairly well established. Detection of cleaved caspase-3 in lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gastric surface foveolar glandular epithelia but not in synoviocytes in RA, gastric fundic glandular epithelia, or nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) cells suggests anti-apoptotic mechanisms in cell differentiation and in oncogenesis such as the induction of survivin. Enzymatically pretreated and ultra-super sensitive detection of beclin-1 in synoviocytes in RA and gastric fundic glandular epithelia suggests enhanced autophagy. The deposition of beclin-1 in fibrinoid necrosis in RA and expression of beclin-1 in detached gastric fundic glandular cells suggest that enhanced autophagy undergoes autophagic cell death (ACD). NKTCL exhibited enhanced autophagy through LC3 labeling and showed densely LC3 labeled cell-debris in regions of peculiar necrosis without deposition of beclin-1, indicating massive ACD in NKTCL and the alternative pathway enhancing autophagy following autophagic vesicle nucleation. Autophagy progression was monitored by labeling aggregated mitochondria and cathepsin D. The cell-debris in massive ACD in NKTCL were positive for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, suggesting DNA oxidation occurred in ACD. Immunohistochemical autophagy and PCD analysis in archival human pathology specimens may offer new insights into autophagy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Hasui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Jia Wang
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Xinshan Jia
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, 92 Bei Er Ma Lu, He Ping Qu, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Katsuyuki Aozasa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 565-0871, Suita, Japan.
| | - Shuji Izumo
- Chronic Viral Diseases Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases (Infection and Immunity), Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Kawano
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Developmental Medicine, Institute Research Center (Heath Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takuro Kanekura
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Sensory Organology, Institute Research Center (Advanced Therapeutics Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Eizuru
- Chronic Viral Diseases Division of Persistent & Oncogenic Viruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases (Infection and Immunity), Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Takami Matsuyama
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Institute Research Center (Health Research Course), Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Li L, Zhu YQ, Jiang L, Peng W. Increased autophagic activity in senescent human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2012; 45:1074-9. [PMID: 22551517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish whether autophagy is involved in dental pulp cell (DPC) senescence, so as to better understand the mechanism of the ageing process within the dental pulp. METHODOLOGY Human DPCs obtained from intact molars and premolars were cultured and serially passaged. Senescence-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to assess DPC senescence, which is considered to be the senescence of cells in culture after a series of passages. Autophagic activity was analysed by Western blot for major autophagic proteins and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for autophagic vacuoles in both young and senescent cells. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t-test. RESULTS Senescence-β-galactosidase staining was higher in senescent DPC than in young cells (P = 0.011). Western blot revealed senescent DPCs had greater expression of autophagic proteins (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1) than young cells (P = 0.04, P = 0.001). Transmission electron microscopy revealed more autophagic vacuoles in senescent DPCs compared to young cells (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Expression of autophagic proteins (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1) increased in senescent DPCs compare to young cells. More autophagic vacuoles were observed in senescent DPCs by TEM. Collectively, these data imply that autophagic activity increased in senescent DPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology. Shanghai, China
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Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Wang S, Maiese K. Erythropoietin and Wnt1 govern pathways of mTOR, Apaf-1, and XIAP in inflammatory microglia. Curr Neurovasc Res 2011; 8:270-85. [PMID: 22023617 PMCID: PMC3254854 DOI: 10.2174/156720211798120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microglia modulate a host of cellular processes in the central nervous system that include neuronal survival, metabolic fluxes, foreign body exclusion, and cellular regeneration. Elucidation of the pathways that oversee microglial survival and integrity may offer new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Here we demonstrate that erythropoietin (EPO), an emerging strategy for immune system modulation, prevents microglial early and late apoptotic injury during oxidant stress through Wnt1, a cysteine-rich glycosylated protein that modulates cellular development and survival. Loss of Wnt1 through blockade of Wnt1 signaling or through the gene silencing of Wnt1 eliminates the protective capacity of EPO. Furthermore, endogenous Wnt1 in microglia is vital to preserve microglial survival since loss of Wnt1 alone increases microglial injury during oxidative stress. Cellular protection by EPO and Wnt1 intersects at the level of protein kinase B (Akt1), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p70S6K, which are necessary to foster cytoprotection for microglia. Downstream from these pathways, EPO and Wnt1 control "anti-apoptotic" pathways of microglia through the modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability, the release of cytochrome c, and the expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). These studies offer new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders that focus upon inflammatory microglia and novel signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
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Trocoli A, Djavaheri-Mergny M. The complex interplay between autophagy and NF-κB signaling pathways in cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:629-649. [PMID: 21994903 PMCID: PMC3189824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of both the NF-κB pathway and the autophagy process is necessary for maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deregulation of both pathways is frequently observed in cancer cells and is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor cell resistance to cancer therapies. Autophagy is involved in several cellular functions regulated by NF-κB including cell survival, differentiation, senescence, inflammation, and immunity. On a molecular level, autophagy and NF-κB share common upstream signals and regulators and can control each other through positive or negative feedback loops, thus ensuring homeostatic responses. Here, we summarize and discuss the most recent discoveries that shed new light on the complex interplay between autophagy and NF-κB signaling pathways; this certainly has functional relevance in tumorigenesis and tumor responses to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Trocoli
- NSERM U916 VINCO, Institut Bergonié229, cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
- Université Bordeaux Ségalen146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
- NSERM U916 VINCO, Institut Bergonié229, cours de l'Argonne, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
- Université Bordeaux Ségalen146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
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