1
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Duarte FV, Ciampi D, Duarte CB. Mitochondria as central hubs in synaptic modulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:173. [PMID: 37266732 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are present in the pre- and post-synaptic regions, providing the energy required for the activity of these very specialized neuronal compartments. Biogenesis of synaptic mitochondria takes place in the cell body, and these organelles are then transported to the synapse by motor proteins that carry their cargo along microtubule tracks. The transport of mitochondria along neurites is a highly regulated process, being modulated by the pattern of neuronal activity and by extracellular cues that interact with surface receptors. These signals act by controlling the distribution of mitochondria and by regulating their activity. Therefore, mitochondria activity at the synapse allows the integration of different signals and the organelles are important players in the response to synaptic stimulation. Herein we review the available evidence regarding the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by neuronal activity and by neuromodulators, and how these changes in the activity of mitochondria affect synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe V Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- III - Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniele Ciampi
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Serrat R, Oliveira-Pinto A, Marsicano G, Pouvreau S. Imaging mitochondrial calcium dynamics in the central nervous system. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 373:109560. [PMID: 35320763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium handling is a particularly active research area in the neuroscience field, as it plays key roles in the regulation of several functions of the central nervous system, such as synaptic transmission and plasticity, astrocyte calcium signaling, neuronal activity… In the last few decades, a panel of techniques have been developed to measure mitochondrial calcium dynamics, relying mostly on photonic microscopy, and including synthetic sensors, hybrid sensors and genetically encoded calcium sensors. The goal of this review is to endow the reader with a deep knowledge of the historical and latest tools to monitor mitochondrial calcium events in the brain, as well as a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in brain mitochondrial calcium signaling. We will discuss the main calcium probes used in the field, their mitochondrial targeting strategies, their key properties and major drawbacks. In addition, we will detail the main roles of mitochondrial calcium handling in neuronal tissues through an extended report of the recent studies using mitochondrial targeted calcium sensors in neuronal and astroglial cells, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Serrat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Alexandre Oliveira-Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33077, France.
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3
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Li A, Li X, Yi J, Ma J, Zhou J. Butyrate Feeding Reverses CypD-Related Mitoflash Phenotypes in Mouse Myofibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7412. [PMID: 34299032 PMCID: PMC8304904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoflashes are spontaneous transients of the biosensor mt-cpYFP. In cardiomyocytes, mitoflashes are associated with the cyclophilin D (CypD) mediated opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), while in skeletal muscle they are considered hallmarks of mitochondrial respiration burst under physiological conditions. Here, we evaluated the potential association between mitoflashes and the mPTP opening at different CypD levels and phosphorylation status by generating three CypD derived fusion constructs with a red shifted, pH stable Ca2+ sensor jRCaMP1b. We observed perinuclear mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux accompanying mitoflashes in CypD and CypDS42A (a phosphor-resistant mutation at Serine 42) overexpressed myofibers but not the control myofibers expressing the mitochondria-targeting sequence of CypD (CypDN30). Assisted by a newly developed analysis program, we identified shorter, more frequent mitoflash activities occurring over larger areas in CypD and CypDS42A overexpressed myofibers than the control CypDN30 myofibers. These observations provide an association between the elevated CypD expression and increased mitoflash activities in hindlimb muscles in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mouse model previously observed. More importantly, feeding the mice with sodium butyrate reversed the CypD-associated mitoflash phenotypes and protected against ectopic upregulation of CypD, unveiling a novel molecular mechanism underlying butyrate mediated alleviation of ALS progression in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (X.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; (X.L.); (J.Y.)
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4
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Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010128. [PMID: 33477494 PMCID: PMC7831054 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in cancer; and methods to measure ROS. We conclude that improving genetic screening methods and bringing higher clarity in determination of enzymatic pathways and scale-up in cancer models profiling, using omics technology, would support in-depth understanding of antioxidant pathways and ROS complexities. Although numerous methods for ROS detection are developing very rapidly, yet further modifications are required to minimize the limitations associated with currently available methods.
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5
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Van Wijk R, Van Wijk EP, Pang J, Yang M, Yan Y, Han J. Integrating Ultra-Weak Photon Emission Analysis in Mitochondrial Research. Front Physiol 2020; 11:717. [PMID: 32733265 PMCID: PMC7360823 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Once regarded solely as the energy source of the cell, nowadays mitochondria are recognized to perform multiple essential functions in addition to energy production. Since the discovery of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA defects in the 1980s, research advances have revealed an increasing number of common human diseases, which share an underlying pathogenesis involving mitochondrial dysfunction. A major factor in this dysfunction is reactive oxygen species (ROS), which influence the mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk and the link with the epigenome, an influence that provides explanations for pathogenic mechanisms. Regarding these mechanisms, we should take into account that mitochondria produce the majority of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), an aspect that is often ignored - this type of emission may serve as assay for ROS, thus providing new opportunities for a non-invasive diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction. In this article, we overviewed three relevant areas of mitochondria-related research over the period 1960-2020: (a) respiration and energy production, (b) respiration-related production of free radicals and other ROS species, and (c) ultra-weak photon emission in relation to ROS and stress. First, we have outlined how these research areas initially developed independently of each other - following that, our review aims to show their stepwise integration during later stages of development. It is suggested that a further stimulation of research on UPE may have the potential to enhance the progress of modern mitochondrial research and its integration in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Van Wijk
- Meluna Research, Department of Biophotonics, Geldermalsen, Netherlands
| | | | - Jingxiang Pang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Meluna Research, Department of Biophotonics, Geldermalsen, Netherlands
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Jinan, China
- Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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6
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Song Z, Xie LH, Weiss JN, Qu Z. A Spatiotemporal Ventricular Myocyte Model Incorporating Mitochondrial Calcium Cycling. Biophys J 2019; 117:2349-2360. [PMID: 31623883 PMCID: PMC6990377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) cycling dynamics in cardiac myocytes are spatiotemporally generated by stochastic events arising from a spatially distributed network of coupled Ca2+ release units that interact with an intertwined mitochondrial network. In this study, we developed a spatiotemporal ventricular myocyte model that integrates mitochondria-related Ca2+ cycling components into our previously developed ventricular myocyte model consisting of a three-dimensional Ca2+ release unit network. Mathematical formulations of mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling, mitochondrial permeability transition pore stochastic opening and closing, intracellular reactive oxygen species signaling, and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II signaling were incorporated into the model. We then used the model to simulate the effects of mitochondrial depolarization on mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ spark frequency, and Ca2+ amplitude, which agree well with experimental data. We also simulated the effects of the strength of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporters and their spatial localization on intracellular Ca2+ cycling properties, which substantially affected diastolic and systolic Ca2+ levels in the mitochondria but exhibited only a small effect on sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytosolic Ca2+ levels under normal conditions. We show that mitochondrial depolarization can cause Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ alternans, which agrees with previous experimental observations. We propose that this new, to our knowledge, spatiotemporal ventricular myocyte model, incorporating properties of mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent signaling, will be useful for investigating the effects of mitochondria on intracellular Ca2+ cycling and action potential dynamics in ventricular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Song
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - James N Weiss
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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7
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McMurray F, MacFarlane M, Kim K, Patten DA, Wei-LaPierre L, Fullerton MD, Harper ME. Maternal diet–induced obesity alters muscle mitochondrial function in offspring without changing insulin sensitivity. FASEB J 2019; 33:13515-13526. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McMurray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan MacFarlane
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kijoo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Wei-LaPierre L, Dirksen RT. Isolating a reverse-mode ATP synthase-dependent mechanism of mitoflash activation. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:708-713. [PMID: 31010808 PMCID: PMC6571996 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wei-LaPierre and Dirksen discuss new work investigating the molecular events underlying mitoflash biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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9
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Wei-LaPierre L, Ainbinder A, Tylock KM, Dirksen RT. Substrate-dependent and cyclophilin D-independent regulation of mitochondrial flashes in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:122-131. [PMID: 30872061 PMCID: PMC6499064 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) are stochastic events in the mitochondrial matrix detected by mitochondrial-targeted cpYFP (mt-cpYFP). Mitoflashes are quantal bursts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production accompanied by modest matrix alkalinization and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitoflashes are fundamental events present in a wide range of cell types. To date, the precise mechanisms for mitoflash generation and termination remain elusive. Transient opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) during a mitoflash is proposed to account for the mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. Here, we set out to compare the tissue-specific effects of cyclophilin D (CypD)-deficiency and mitochondrial substrates on mitoflash activity in skeletal and cardiac muscle. In contrast to previous reports, we found that CypD knockout did not alter the mitoflash frequency or other mitoflash properties in acutely isolated cardiac myocytes, skeletal muscle fibers, or isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle and the heart. However, in skeletal muscle fibers, CypD deficiency resulted in a parallel increase in both activity-dependent mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and activity-dependent mitoflash activity. Increases in both mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and mitoflash activity following electrical stimulation were abolished by inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. We also found that mitoflash frequency and amplitude differ greatly between intact skeletal muscle fibers and cardiac myocytes, but that this difference is absent in isolated mitochondria. We propose that this difference may be due, in part, to differences in substrate availability in intact skeletal muscle fibers (primarily glycolytic) and cardiac myocytes (largely oxidative). Overall, we find that CypD does not contribute significantly in mitoflash biogenesis under basal conditions in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but does regulate mitoflash events during muscle activity. In addition, tissue-dependent differences in mitoflash frequency are strongly regulated by mitochondrial substrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Alina Ainbinder
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kevin M Tylock
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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10
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Zhang C, Sun F, Xiong B, Zhang Z. Preparation of mitochondria to measure superoxide flashes in angiosperm flowers. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6708. [PMID: 30997289 PMCID: PMC6462395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production results in a burst of “superoxide flashes”, which is always accompanied by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxide flashes have only been studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana using a complex method to isolate mitochondria. In this study, we present an efficient, easier method to isolate functional mitochondria from floral tissues to measure superoxide flashes. Method We used 0.5 g samples to isolate mitochondria within <1.5 h from flowers of two non-transgenic plants (Magnolia denudata and Nelumbo nucifera) to measure superoxide flashes. Superoxide flashes were visualized by the pH-insensitive indicator MitoSOX Red, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m) was labelled with TMRM. Results Mitochondria isolated using our method showed a high respiration ratio. Our results indicate that the location of ROS and mitochondria was in a good coincidence. Increased ROS together with a higher frequency of superoxide flashes was found in mitochondria isolated from the flower pistil. Furthermore, a higher rate of depolarization of the ΔΨ m was observed in the pistil. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the frequency of superoxide flashes is closely related to depolarization of the ΔΨ m in petals and pistils of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulan Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshuo Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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11
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Feng G, Liu B, Li J, Cheng T, Huang Z, Wang X, Cheng HP. Mitoflash biogenesis and its role in the autoregulation of mitochondrial proton electrochemical potential. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:727-737. [PMID: 30877142 PMCID: PMC6571995 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual mitochondria undergo an intermittent, all-or-none electrochemical excitation termed “mitoflash.” Feng et al. show that mitoflash occurs following build-up of mitochondrial electrochemical potential and may serve to autoregulate mitochondrial proton electrochemical potential. Respiring mitochondria undergo an intermittent electrical and chemical excitation called mitochondrial flash (mitoflash), which transiently uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP production. How a mitoflash is generated and what specific role it plays in bioenergetics remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigate mitoflash biogenesis in isolated cardiac mitochondria by varying the respiratory states and substrate supply and by dissecting the involvement of different electron transfer chain (ETC) complexes. We find that robust mitoflash activity occurs once mitochondria are electrochemically charged by state II/IV respiration (i.e., no ATP synthesis at Complex V), regardless of the substrate entry site (Complex I, Complex II, or Complex IV). Inhibiting forward electron transfer abolishes, while blocking reverse electron transfer generally augments, mitoflash production. Switching from state II/IV to state III respiration, to allow for ATP synthesis at Complex V, markedly diminishes mitoflash activity. Intriguingly, when mitochondria are electrochemically charged by the ATPase activity of Complex V, mitoflashes are generated independently of ETC activity. These findings suggest that mitoflash biogenesis is mechanistically linked to the build up of mitochondrial electrochemical potential rather than ETC activity alone, and may functionally counteract overcharging of the mitochondria and hence serve as an autoregulator of mitochondrial proton electrochemical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Peace Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Zhou J, Li A, Li X, Yi J. Dysregulated mitochondrial Ca 2+ and ROS signaling in skeletal muscle of ALS mouse model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:249-258. [PMID: 30682329 PMCID: PMC6506190 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neuromuscular disease characterized by motor neuron loss and prominent skeletal muscle wasting. Despite more than one hundred years of research efforts, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuromuscular degeneration in ALS remain elusive. While the death of motor neuron is a defining hallmark of ALS, accumulated evidences suggested that in addition to being a victim of motor neuron axonal withdrawal, the intrinsic skeletal muscle degeneration may also actively contribute to ALS disease pathogenesis and progression. Examination of spinal cord and muscle autopsy/biopsy samples of ALS patients revealed similar mitochondrial abnormalities in morphology, quantity and disposition, which are accompanied by defective mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and elevated oxidative stress. Detailing the molecular/cellular mechanisms and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS relies on ALS animal model studies. This review article discusses the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling revealed in live skeletal muscle derived from ALS mouse models, and a potential role of the vicious cycle formed between the dysregulated mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling and excessive ROS production in promoting muscle wasting during ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Zhou
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
| | - Ang Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA; College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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13
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McBride S, Wei-LaPierre L, McMurray F, MacFarlane M, Qiu X, Patten DA, Dirksen RT, Harper ME. Skeletal muscle mitoflashes, pH, and the role of uncoupling protein-3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 663:239-248. [PMID: 30659802 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important cellular signaling molecules, but can cause oxidative damage if not kept within tolerable limits. An important proximal form of ROS in mitochondria is superoxide. Its production is thought to occur in regulated stochastic bursts, but current methods using mitochondrial targeted cpYFP to assess superoxide flashes are confounded by changes in pH. Accordingly, these flashes are generally referred to as 'mitoflashes'. Here we provide regulatory insights into mitoflashes and pH fluctuations in skeletal muscle, and the role of uncoupling protein-3 (UCP3). Using quantitative confocal microscopy of mitoflashes in intact muscle fibers, we show that the mitoflash magnitude significantly correlates with the degree of mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization and ablation of UCP3 did not affect this correlation. We assessed the effects of the absence of UCP3 on mitoflash activity in intact skeletal muscle fibers, and found no effects on mitoflash frequency, amplitude or duration, with a slight reduction in the average size of mitoflashes. We further investigated the regulation of pH flashes (pHlashes, presumably a component of mitoflash) by UCP3 using mitochondrial targeted SypHer (mt-SypHer) in skeletal muscle fibers. The frequency of pHlashes was significantly reduced in the absence of UCP3, without changes in other flash properties. ROS scavenger, tiron, did not alter pHlash frequency in either WT or UCP3KO mice. High resolution respirometry revealed that in the absence of UCP3 there is impaired proton leak and Complex I-driven respiration and maximal coupled respiration. Total cellular production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as detected by Amplex-UltraRed was unaffected. Altogether, we demonstrate a correlation between mitochondrial membrane potential and mitoflash magnitude in skeletal muscle fibers that is independent of UCP3, and a role for UCP3 in the control of pHlash frequency and of proton leak- and Complex I coupled-respiration in skeletal muscle fibers. The differential regulation of mitoflashes and pHlashes by UCP3 and tiron also indicate that the two events, though may be related, are not identical events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McBride
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - L Wei-LaPierre
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642-8711, USA
| | - F McMurray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - M MacFarlane
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - X Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642-8711, USA
| | - D A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - R T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642-8711, USA
| | - M-E Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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14
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Ying Z, Xiang G, Zheng L, Tang H, Duan L, Lin X, Zhao Q, Chen K, Wu Y, Xing G, Lv Y, Li L, Yang L, Bao F, Long Q, Zhou Y, He X, Wang Y, Gao M, Pei D, Chan WY, Liu X. Short-Term Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening Modulates Histone Lysine Methylation at the Early Phase of Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Cell Metab 2018; 28:935-945.e5. [PMID: 30174306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells reconfigures chromatin modifications. Whether and how this process is regulated by signals originating in the mitochondria remain unknown. Here we show that the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis, undergoes short-term opening during the early phase of reprogramming and that this transient activation enhances reprogramming. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, greater mPTP opening correlates with higher reprogramming efficiency. The reprogramming-promoting function of mPTP opening is mediated by plant homeodomain finger protein 8 (PHF8) demethylation of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, leading to reduction in their occupancies at the promoter regions of pluripotency genes. mPTP opening increases PHF8 protein levels downstream of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and miR-101c and simultaneously elevates levels of PHF8's cofactor, α-ketoglutarate. Our findings represent a novel mitochondria-to-nucleus pathway in cell fate determination by mPTP-mediated epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ge Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lingjun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haite Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Lifan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaobing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qiuge Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Keshi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yi Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guangsuo Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yiwang Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Linpeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Liang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Feixiang Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xueying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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15
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Xiao Y, Karam C, Yi J, Zhang L, Li X, Yoon D, Wang H, Dhakal K, Ramlow P, Yu T, Mo Z, Ma J, Zhou J. ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of an ALS mouse model during the disease progression. Pharmacol Res 2018; 138:25-36. [PMID: 30236524 PMCID: PMC6263743 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress form a vicious cycle that promotes neurodegeneration and muscle wasting. To quantify the disease-stage-dependent changes of mitochondrial function and their relationship to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we generated double transgenic mice (G93A/cpYFP) that carry human ALS mutation SOD1G93A and mt-cpYFP transgenes, in which mt-cpYFP detects dynamic changes of ROS-related mitoflash events at individual mitochondria level. Compared with wild type mice, mitoflash activity in the SOD1G93A (G93A) mouse muscle showed an increased flashing frequency prior to the onset of ALS symptom (at the age of 2 months), whereas the onset of ALS symptoms (at the age of 4 months) is associated with drastic changes in the kinetics property of mitoflash signal with prolonged full duration at half maximum (FDHM). Elevated levels of cytosolic ROS in skeletal muscle derived from the SOD1G93A mice were confirmed with fluorescent probes, MitoSOX™ Red and ROS Brite™570. Immunoblotting analysis of subcellular mitochondrial fractionation of G93A muscle revealed an increased expression level of cyclophilin D (CypD), a regulatory component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), at the age of 4 months but not at the age of 2 months. Transient overexpressing of SOD1G93A in skeletal muscle of wild type mice directly promoted mitochondrial ROS production with an enhanced mitoflash activity in the absence of motor neuron axonal withdrawal. Remarkably, the SOD1G93A-induced mitoflash activity was attenuated by the application of cyclosporine A (CsA), an inhibitor of CypD. Similar to the observation with the SOD1G93A transgenic mice, an increased expression level of CypD was also detected in skeletal muscle following transient overexpression of SOD1G93A. Overall, this study reveals a disease-stage-dependent change in mitochondrial function that is associated with CypD-dependent mPTP opening; and the ALS mutation SOD1G93A directly contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in the absence of motor neuron axonal withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Xiao
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA; Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chehade Karam
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA; Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA; Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA
| | - Dosuk Yoon
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA
| | - Kamal Dhakal
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA
| | - Paul Ramlow
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, Kansas City, USA; Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Rosselin M, Nunes-Hasler P, Demaurex N. Ultrastructural Characterization of Flashing Mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1:1-14. [PMID: 30406212 PMCID: PMC6217927 DOI: 10.1177/2515256418801423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria undergo spontaneous transient elevations in matrix pH associated with drops in mitochondrial membrane potential. These mitopHlashes require a functional respiratory chain and the profusion protein optic atrophy 1, but their mechanistic basis is unclear. To gain insight on the origin of these dynamic events, we resolved the ultrastructure of flashing mitochondria by correlative light and electron microscopy. HeLa cells expressing the matrix-targeted pH probe mitoSypHer were screened for mitopHlashes and fixed immediately after the occurrence of a flashing event. The cells were then processed for imaging by serial block face scanning electron microscopy using a focused ion beam to generate ~1,200 slices of 10 nm thickness from a 28 μm × 15 μm cellular volume. Correlation of live/fixed fluorescence and electron microscopy images allowed the unambiguous identification of flashing and nonflashing mitochondria. Three-dimensional reconstruction and surface mapping revealed that each tomogram contained two flashing mitochondria of unequal sizes, one being much larger than the average mitochondrial volume. Flashing mitochondria were 10-fold larger than silent mitochondria but with a surface to volume ratio and a cristae volume similar to nonflashing mitochondria. Flashing mitochondria were connected by tubular structures, formed more membrane contact sites, and a constriction was observed at a junction between a flashing mitochondrion and a nonflashing mitochondrion. These data indicate that flashing mitochondria are structurally preserved and bioenergetically competent but form numerous membrane contact sites and are connected by tubular structures, consistent with our earlier suggestion that mitopHlashes might be triggered by the opening of fusion pores between contiguous mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rosselin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paula Nunes-Hasler
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Pardo-Peña K, Lorea-Hernández JJ, Camacho-Hernández NP, Ordaz B, Villasana-Salazar B, Morales-Villagrán A, Peña-Ortega F. Hydrogen peroxide extracellular concentration in the ventrolateral medulla and its increase in response to hypoxia in vitro: Possible role of microglia. Brain Res 2018; 1692:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Wang X, Zhang X, Wu D, Huang Z, Hou T, Jian C, Yu P, Lu F, Zhang R, Sun T, Li J, Qi W, Wang Y, Gao F, Cheng H. Mitochondrial flashes regulate ATP homeostasis in the heart. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28692422 PMCID: PMC5503511 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of a constant ATP level (‘set-point’) is a vital homeostatic function shared by eukaryotic cells. In particular, mammalian myocardium exquisitely safeguards its ATP set-point despite 10-fold fluctuations in cardiac workload. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this regulation of ATP homeostasis remain elusive. Here we show mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes), recently discovered dynamic activity of mitochondria, play an essential role for the auto-regulation of ATP set-point in the heart. Specifically, mitoflashes negatively regulate ATP production in isolated respiring mitochondria and, their activity waxes and wanes to counteract the ATP supply-demand imbalance caused by superfluous substrate and altered workload in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, manipulating mitoflash activity is sufficient to inversely shift the otherwise stable ATP set-point. Mechanistically, the Bcl-xL-regulated proton leakage through F1Fo-ATP synthase appears to mediate the coupling between mitoflash production and ATP set-point regulation. These findings indicate mitoflashes appear to constitute a digital auto-regulator for ATP homeostasis in the heart. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23908.001 A small molecule called ATP is often referred to as the primary “energy currency” of living cells. It is required to power tasks as diverse as the general housekeeping processes that keep all cells alive to the programmed cell death response that dismantles any cells that are no longer needed. It is also crucial that cells maintain a constant level of ATP at all times, even when the supply of and demand for ATP fluctuate. This control is particularly important in the mammalian heart where the rates of ATP production and consumption change ten-fold during intense exercise. Despite intensive research over the past decades, it was still not known how cells keep ATP levels constant. In many cell types, including heart muscle cells, ATP is mainly produced inside compartments called mitochondria. Each heart muscle cell contains between 5,000 and 8,000 mitochondria. Recent experiments have shown that ATP production in mitochondria is interrupted by ten-second bursts called “mitochondrial flashes” (or mitoflashes for short), during which the mitochondria release chemicals called reactive oxygen species. The mitoflashes are tightly linked with energy usage, and Wang, Zhang, Wu et al. have now explored if and how mitoflashes regulate ATP levels in the heart. Experiments on isolated mitochondria from mouse heart muscle cells showed that mitoflashes inhibit the production of ATP. When the intact heart muscle cells were given excess of the building blocks needed to produce ATP – mitoflashes occurred more often. Conversely, when the cells were forced to contract more quickly, which increased demand for ATP, the mitoflashes occurred less often. Importantly, the level of ATP inside the cells actually remained constant in the experiments. Furthermore, inhibiting mitoflashes with antioxidants increased the ATP concentration in heart muscle cells. Lastly, Wang et al. demonstrated that mitoflashes could be triggered under certain conditions. Overall, these experiments uncovered a way in which highly active cells can maintain a constant level of ATP. Future studies are needed to understand exactly how mitoflashes are initiated and how they in turn inhibit ATP production. A better understanding of these processes might uncover molecules that could be targeted by drugs to the control of the rate of ATP production to treat heart failure. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23908.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshu Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fujian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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19
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Fu ZX, Tan X, Fang H, Lau PM, Wang X, Cheng H, Bi GQ. Dendritic mitoflash as a putative signal for stabilizing long-term synaptic plasticity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:31. [PMID: 28652625 PMCID: PMC5484698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) are recently discovered excitable mitochondrial events in many cell types. Here we investigate their occurrence in the context of structural long-term potentiation (sLTP) at hippocampal synapses. At dendritic spines stimulated by electric pulses, glycine, or targeted glutamate uncaging, induction of sLTP is associated with a phasic occurrence of local, quantized mitochondrial activity in the form of one or a few mitoflashes, over a 30-min window. Low-dose nigericin or photoactivation that elicits mitoflashes stabilizes otherwise short-term spine enlargement into sLTP. Meanwhile, scavengers of reactive oxygen species suppress mitoflashes while blocking sLTP. With targeted photoactivation of mitoflashes, we further show that the stabilization of sLTP is effective within the critical 30-min time-window and a spatial extent of ~2 μm, similar to that of local diffusive reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate a potential signaling role of dendritic mitochondria in synaptic plasticity, and provide new insights into the cellular function of mitoflashes. Mitoflashes are dynamic events in mitochondria, associated with depolarization and release of reactive oxygen species, and have been associated with several cellular functions. The authors now show that in neurons, dendritic mitoflashes are involved in structural postsynaptic changes during LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Xiao Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Huaqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Pak-Ming Lau
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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20
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Wang X, Zhang X, Huang Z, Wu D, Liu B, Zhang R, Yin R, Hou T, Jian C, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Gao F, Cheng H. Protons Trigger Mitochondrial Flashes. Biophys J 2017; 111:386-394. [PMID: 27463140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) are highly conserved elemental mitochondrial signaling events. However, which signal controls their ignition and how they are integrated with other mitochondrial signals and functions remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to further delineate the signal components of the mitoflash and determine the mitoflash trigger mechanism. Using multiple biosensors and chemical probes as well as label-free autofluorescence, we found that the mitoflash reflects chemical and electrical excitation at the single-organelle level, comprising bursting superoxide production, oxidative redox shift, and matrix alkalinization as well as transient membrane depolarization. Both electroneutral H(+)/K(+) or H(+)/Na(+) antiport and matrix proton uncaging elicited immediate and robust mitoflash responses over a broad dynamic range in cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells. However, charge-uncompensated proton transport, which depolarizes mitochondria, caused the opposite effect, and steady matrix acidification mildly inhibited mitoflashes. Based on a numerical simulation, we estimated a mean proton lifetime of 1.42 ns and diffusion distance of 2.06 nm in the matrix. We conclude that nanodomain protons act as a novel, to our knowledge, trigger of mitoflashes in energized mitochondria. This finding suggests that mitoflash genesis is functionally and mechanistically integrated with mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongkang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshu Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Karam C, Yi J, Xiao Y, Dhakal K, Zhang L, Li X, Manno C, Xu J, Li K, Cheng H, Ma J, Zhou J. Absence of physiological Ca 2+ transients is an initial trigger for mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle following denervation. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:6. [PMID: 28395670 PMCID: PMC5387329 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor neurons control muscle contraction by initiating action potentials in muscle. Denervation of muscle from motor neurons leads to muscle atrophy, which is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It is known that denervation promotes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in muscle, whereas the initial cause of mitochondrial ROS production in denervated muscle remains elusive. Since denervation isolates muscle from motor neurons and deprives it from any electric stimulation, no action potentials are initiated, and therefore, no physiological Ca2+ transients are generated inside denervated muscle fibers. We tested whether loss of physiological Ca2+ transients is an initial cause leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in denervated skeletal muscle. METHODS A transgenic mouse model expressing a mitochondrial targeted biosensor (mt-cpYFP) allowed a real-time measurement of the ROS-related mitochondrial metabolic function following denervation, termed "mitoflash." Using live cell imaging, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical studies, we examined a potential molecular mechanism that initiates ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction following denervation. RESULTS We found that muscle fibers showed a fourfold increase in mitoflash activity 24 h after denervation. The denervation-induced mitoflash activity was likely associated with an increased activity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), as the mitoflash activity was attenuated by application of cyclosporine A. Electrical stimulation rapidly reduced mitoflash activity in both sham and denervated muscle fibers. We further demonstrated that the Ca2+ level inside mitochondria follows the time course of the cytosolic Ca2+ transient and that inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by Ru360 blocks the effect of electric stimulation on mitoflash activity. CONCLUSIONS The loss of cytosolic Ca2+ transients due to denervation results in the downstream absence of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Our studies suggest that this could be an initial trigger for enhanced mPTP-related mitochondrial ROS generation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chehade Karam
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianxun Yi
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Yajuan Xiao
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Kamal Dhakal
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Xuejun Li
- Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Carlo Manno
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiejia Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Ma
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jingsong Zhou
- Rush University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Kansas City University of Medicine and Bioscience, 1750 Independence Ave, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA.
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22
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Rosselin M, Santo-Domingo J, Bermont F, Giacomello M, Demaurex N. L-OPA1 regulates mitoflash biogenesis independently from membrane fusion. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:451-463. [PMID: 28174208 PMCID: PMC5331265 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial flashes mediated by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) fusion protein are bioenergetic responses to stochastic drops in mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) whose origin is unclear. Using structurally distinct genetically encoded pH‐sensitive probes, we confirm that flashes are matrix alkalinization transients, thereby establishing the pH nature of these events, which we renamed “mitopHlashes”. Probes located in cristae or intermembrane space as verified by electron microscopy do not report pH changes during Δψm drops or respiratory chain inhibition. Opa1 ablation does not alter Δψm fluctuations but drastically decreases the efficiency of mitopHlash/Δψm coupling, which is restored by re‐expressing fusion‐deficient OPA1K301A and preserved in cells lacking the outer‐membrane fusion proteins MFN1/2 or the OPA1 proteases OMA1 and YME1L, indicating that mitochondrial membrane fusion and OPA1 proteolytic processing are dispensable. pH/Δψm uncoupling occurs early during staurosporine‐induced apoptosis and is mitigated by OPA1 overexpression, suggesting that OPA1 maintains mitopHlash competence during stress conditions. We propose that OPA1 stabilizes respiratory chain supercomplexes in a conformation that enables respiring mitochondria to compensate a drop in Δψm by an explosive matrix pH flash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rosselin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaime Santo-Domingo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavien Bermont
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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23
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Feng G, Liu B, Hou T, Wang X, Cheng H. Mitochondrial Flashes: Elemental Signaling Events in Eukaryotic Cells. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 240:403-422. [PMID: 28233181 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) are recently discovered mitochondrial activity which reflects chemical and electrical excitation of the organelle. Emerging evidence indicates that mitoflashes represent highly regulated, elementary signaling events that play important roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes in eukaryotes. Furthermore, they are regulated by mitochondrial ROS, Ca2+, and protons, and are intertwined with mitochondrial metabolic processes. As such, targeting mitoflash activity may provide a novel means for the control of mitochondrial metabolism and signaling in health and disease. In this brief review, we summarize salient features and mechanisms of biogenesis of mitoflashes, and synthesize data on mitoflash biology in the context of metabolism, cell differentiation, stress response, disease, and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaomin Feng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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24
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McMurray F, Patten DA, Harper ME. Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Recent Findings and Empirical Approaches. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2301-2310. [PMID: 27804267 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are intricately linked to obesity and associated pathologies, notably insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, ROS are also thought to be important in intracellular signaling, which may paradoxically be required for insulin sensitivity. Many theories have been developed to explain this apparent paradox, which have broadened our understanding of these important small molecules. While many sites for intracellular ROS production have been described, mitochondrial generated ROS remain a major contributor in most cell types. Mitochondrial ROS generation is controlled by a number of factors described in this review. Moreover, these studies have established both a demand for novel sensitive approaches to measure ROS, as well as a need to standardize and review their suitability for different applications. METHODS To properly assess levels of ROS and mitochondrial ROS in the development of obesity and its complications, a growing number of tools have been developed. This paper reviews many of the common methods for the investigation of ROS in mitochondria, cell, animal, and human models. RESULTS Available approaches can be generally divided into those that measure ROS-induced damage (e.g., DNA, lipid, and protein damage); those that measure antioxidant levels and redox ratios; and those that use novel biosensors and probes for a more direct measure of different forms of ROS (e.g., 2',7'-di-chlorofluorescein (DCF), dihydroethidium (DHE) and its mitochondrial targeted form (MitoSOX), Amplex Red, roGFP, HyPer, mt-cpYFP, ratiometric H2 O2 probes, and their derivatives). Moreover, this review provides caveats and strengths for the use of these techniques in different models. CONCLUSIONS Advances in these techniques will undoubtedly advance the understanding of ROS in obesity and may help resolve unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McMurray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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25
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Wang W, Zhang H, Cheng H. Mitochondrial flashes: From indicator characterization to in vivo imaging. Methods 2016; 109:12-20. [PMID: 27288722 PMCID: PMC5075495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrion is an organelle critically responsible for energy production and intracellular signaling in eukaryotic cells and its dysfunction often accompanies and contributes to human disease. Superoxide is the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in mitochondria. In vivo detection of superoxide has been a challenge in biomedical research. Here we describe the methods used to characterize a circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein (cpYFP) as a biosensor for mitochondrial superoxide and pH dynamics. In vitro characterization reveals the high selectivity of cpYFP to superoxide over other ROS species and its dual sensitivity to pH. Confocal and two-photon imaging in conjunction with transgenic expression of the biosensor cpYFP targeted to the mitochondrial matrix detects mitochondrial flash events in living cells, perfused intact hearts, and live animals. The mitochondrial flashes are discrete and stochastic single mitochondrial events triggered by transient mitochondrial permeability transition (tMPT) and composed of a bursting superoxide signal and a transient alkalization signal. The real-time monitoring of single mitochondrial flashes provides a unique tool to study the integrated dynamism of mitochondrial respiration, ROS production, pH regulation and tMPT kinetics under diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heping Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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26
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Adjusting MtDNA Quantification in Whole Blood for Peripheral Blood Platelet and Leukocyte Counts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163770. [PMID: 27736919 PMCID: PMC5063275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in the blood (mitochondrial to nuclear DNA ratio) appear associated with several systemic diseases, including primary mitochondrial disorders, carcinogenesis, and hematologic diseases. Measuring mtDNAcn in DNA extracted from whole blood (WB) instead of from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or buffy coat may yield different results due to mitochondrial DNA present in platelets. The aim of this work is to quantify the contribution of platelets to mtDNAcn in whole blood [mtDNAcn(WB)] and to propose a correction formula to estimate leukocytes' mtDNAcn [mtDNAcn(L)] from mtDNAcn(WB). Blood samples from 10 healthy adults were combined with platelet-enriched plasma and saline solution to produce artificial blood preparations. Aliquots of each sample were combined with five different platelet concentrations. In 46 of these blood preparations, mtDNAcn was measured by qPCR. MtDNAcn(WB) increased 1.07 (95%CI 0.86, 1.29; p<0.001) per 1000 platelets present in the preparation. We proved that leukocyte count should also be taken into account as mtDNAcn(WB) was inversely associated with leukocyte count; it increased 1.10 (95%CI 0.95, 1.25, p<0.001) per unit increase of the ratio between platelet and leukocyte counts. If hematological measurements are available, subtracting 1.10 the platelets/leukocyte ratio from mtDNAcn(WB) may serve as an estimation for mtDNAcn(L). Both platelet and leukocyte counts in the sample are important sources of variation if comparing mtDNAcn among groups of patients when mtDNAcn is measured in DNA extracted from whole blood. Not taking the platelet/leukocyte ratio into account in whole blood measurements, may lead to overestimation and misclassification if interpreted as leukocytes' mtDNAcn.
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27
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Wang W, Gong G, Wang X, Wei-LaPierre L, Cheng H, Dirksen R, Sheu SS. Mitochondrial Flash: Integrative Reactive Oxygen Species and pH Signals in Cell and Organelle Biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:534-49. [PMID: 27245241 PMCID: PMC5035371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent breakthroughs in mitochondrial research have advanced, reshaped, and revolutionized our view of the role of mitochondria in health and disease. These discoveries include the development of novel tools to probe mitochondrial biology, the molecular identification of mitochondrial functional proteins, and the emergence of new concepts and mechanisms in mitochondrial function regulation. The discovery of "mitochondrial flash" activity has provided unique insights not only into real-time visualization of individual mitochondrial redox and pH dynamics in live cells but has also advanced understanding of the excitability, autonomy, and integration of mitochondrial function in vivo. RECENT ADVANCES The mitochondrial flash is a transient and stochastic event confined within an individual mitochondrion and is observed in a wide range of organisms from plants to Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals. As flash events involve multiple transient concurrent changes within the mitochondrion (e.g., superoxide, pH, and membrane potential), a number of different mitochondrial targeted fluorescent indicators can detect flash activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that flash events reflect integrated snapshots of an intermittent mitochondrial process arising from mitochondrial respiration chain activity associated with the transient opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. CRITICAL ISSUES We review the history of flash discovery, summarize current understanding of flash biology, highlight controversies regarding the relative roles of superoxide and pH signals during a flash event, and bring forth the integration of both signals in flash genesis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigations using flash as a biomarker and establishing its role in cell signaling pathway will move the field forward. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 534-549.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Guohua Gong
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington
| | - Xianhua Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wei-LaPierre
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Heping Cheng
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Robert Dirksen
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- 4 Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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28
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Li W, Sun T, Liu B, Wu D, Qi W, Wang X, Ma Q, Cheng H. Regulation of Mitoflash Biogenesis and Signaling by Mitochondrial Dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32933. [PMID: 27623243 PMCID: PMC5020656 DOI: 10.1038/srep32933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles undergoing constant network reorganization and exhibiting stochastic signaling events in the form of mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes). Here we investigate whether and how mitochondrial network dynamics regulate mitoflash biogenesis and signaling. We found that mitoflash frequency was largely invariant when network fragmentized or redistributed in the absence of mitofusin (Mfn) 1, Mfn2, or Kif5b. However, Opa1 deficiency decreased spontaneous mitoflash frequency due to superimposing changes in respiratory function, whereas mitoflash response to non-metabolic stimulation was unchanged despite network fragmentation. In Drp1- or Mff-deficient cells whose mitochondria hyperfused into a single whole-cell reticulum, the frequency of mitoflashes of regular amplitude and duration was again unaltered, although brief and low-amplitude “miniflashes” emerged because of improved detection ability. As the network reorganized, however, the signal mass of mitoflash signaling was dynamically regulated in accordance with the degree of network connectivity. These findings demonstrate a novel functional role of mitochondrial network dynamics and uncover a magnitude- rather than frequency-modulatory mechanism in the regulation of mitoflash signaling. In addition, our data support a stochastic trigger model for the ignition of mitoflashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
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29
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Atlante A, Favia M, Bobba A, Guerra L, Casavola V, Reshkin SJ. Characterization of mitochondrial function in cells with impaired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:197-210. [PMID: 27146408 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the occurrence of oxidative stress in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is well established and the literature suggests that oxidative stress is inseparably linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we have characterized mitochondrial function, in particular as it regards the steps of oxidative phosphorylation and ROS production, in airway cells either homozygous for the F508del-CFTR allele or stably expressing wt-CFTR. We find that oxygen consumption, ΔΨ generation, adenine nucleotide translocator-dependent ADP/ATP exchange and both mitochondrial Complex I and IV activities are impaired in CF cells, while both mitochondrial ROS production and membrane lipid peroxidation increase. Importantly, treatment of CF cells with the small molecules VX-809 and 4,6,4'-trimethylangelicin, which act as "correctors" for F508del CFTR by rescuing the F508del CFTR-dependent chloride secretion, while having no effect per sè on mitochondrial function in wt-CFTR cells, significantly improved all the above mitochondrial parameters towards values found in the airway cells expressing wt-CFTR. This novel study on mitochondrial bioenergetics provides a springboard for future research to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the involvement of mitochondria in CF and identify the proteins primarily responsible for the F508del-CFTR-dependent mitochondrial impairment and thus reveal potential novel targets for CF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembrane and Bioenergetics - CNR, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Institute of Biomembrane and Bioenergetics - CNR, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
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30
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Hou T, Jian C, Xu J, Huang AY, Xi J, Hu K, Wei L, Cheng H, Wang X. Identification of EFHD1 as a novel Ca(2+) sensor for mitoflash activation. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:262-70. [PMID: 26975899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial flashes (mitoflashes) represent stochastic and discrete mitochondrial events that each comprises a burst of superoxide production accompanied by transient depolarization and matrix alkalinization in a respiratory mitochondrion. While mitochondrial Ca(2+) is shown to be an important regulator of mitoflash activity, little is known about its specific mechanism of action. Here we sought to determine possible molecular players that mediate the Ca(2+) regulation of mitoflashes by screening mitochondrial proteins containing the Ca(2+)-binding motifs. In silico analysis and targeted siRNA screening identified four mitoflash activators (MICU1, EFHD1, SLC25A23, SLC25A25) and one mitoflash inhibitor (LETM1) in terms of their ability to modulate mitoflash response to hyperosmotic stress. In particular, overexpression or down-regulation of EFHD1 enhanced or depressed mitoflash activation, respectively, under various conditions of mitochondrial Ca(2+) elevations. Yet, it did not alter mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling, mitochondrial respiration, or ROS-induced mitoflash production. Further, disruption of the two EF-hand motifs of EFHD1 abolished its potentiating effect on the mitoflash responses. These results indicate that EFHD1 functions as a novel mitochondrial Ca(2+) sensor underlying Ca(2+)-dependent activation of mitoflashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshu Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - August Yue Huang
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Keping Hu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wei
- Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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31
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Shang W, Gao H, Lu F, Ma Q, Fang H, Sun T, Xu J, Ding Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Cheng H, Zheng M. Cyclophilin D regulates mitochondrial flashes and metabolism in cardiac myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 91:63-71. [PMID: 26746144 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CyP-D) is the mitochondrial-specific member of the evolutionally conserved cyclophilin family, and plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) under stress. Recently we have demonstrated that respiratory mitochondria undergo mitochondrial flash ("mitoflash") activity which is coupled with transient MPT under physiological conditions. However, whether and how CyP-D regulates mitoflashes remain incompletely understood. By using both loss- and gain-of-function approaches in isolated cardiomyocytes, beating hearts, and skeletal muscles in living mice, we revisited the role of CyP-D in the regulation of mitoflashes. Overexpression of CyP-D increased, and knockout of it halved, cardiac mitoflash frequency, while mitoflash amplitude and kinetics remained unaffected. However, CyP-D ablation did not alter mitoflash frequency, with mitoflash amplitude increased, in gastrocnemius muscles. This disparity was accompanied by 4-fold higher CyP-D expression in mouse cardiac than skeletal muscles. The mitochondrial maximal respiration rate and reserved capacity were reduced in CyP-D-null cardiomyocytes. These data indicate that CyP-D is a significant regulator of mitoflash ignition and mitochondrial metabolism in heart. In addition, tissue-specific CyP-D expression may partly explain the differential regulation of mitoflashes in the two types of striated muscles.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Peptidyl-Prolyl Isomerase F
- Cyclophilins/genetics
- Cyclophilins/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Striated/metabolism
- Muscle, Striated/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Organ Specificity
- Primary Cell Culture
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fujian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huaqiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiejia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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32
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Normoyle KP, Kim M, Farahvar A, Llano D, Jackson K, Wang H. The emerging neuroprotective role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 in traumatic brain injury. Transl Neurosci 2015; 6:179-186. [PMID: 28123803 PMCID: PMC4936626 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2015-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multifaceted disease with intrinsically complex heterogeneity and remains a significant clinical challenge to manage. TBI model systems have demonstrated many mechanisms that contribute to brain parenchymal cell death, including glutamate and calcium toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are critically regulated by uncoupling proteins (UCP), which allow protons to leak back into the matrix and thus reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential by dissipating the proton motive force. This uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis is potentially critical for protection against cellular injury as a result of TBI and stroke. A greater understanding of the underlying mechanism or mechanisms by which uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) functions to maintain or optimize mitochondrial function, and the conditions which precipitate the failure of these mechanisms, would inform future research and treatment strategies. We posit that UCP2-mediated function underlies the physiological response to neuronal stress associated with traumatic and ischemic injury and that clinical development of UCP2-targeted treatment would significantly impact these patient populations. With a focus on clinical relevance in TBI, we synthesize current knowledge concerning UCP2 and its potential neuroprotective role and apply this body of knowledge to current and potential treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Normoyle
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Child Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miri Kim
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arash Farahvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Jackson
- The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory (TNL), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA; Thermal Neuroscience Laboratory (TNL), Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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33
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Rápalo G, Herwig JD, Hewitt R, Wilhelm KR, Waters CM, Roan E. Live Cell Imaging during Mechanical Stretch. J Vis Exp 2015:e52737. [PMID: 26325607 DOI: 10.3791/52737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a significant interest in understanding how cells and tissues respond to mechanical stimuli, but current approaches are limited in their capability for measuring responses in real time in live cells or viable tissue. A protocol was developed with the use of a cell actuator to distend live cells grown on or tissues attached to an elastic substrate while imaging with confocal and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Preliminary studies show that tonic stretching of human bronchial epithelial cells caused a significant increase in the production of mitochondrial superoxide. Moreover, using this protocol, alveolar epithelial cells were stretched and imaged, which showed direct damage to the epithelial cells by overdistention simulating one form of lung injury in vitro. A protocol to conduct AFM nano-indentation on stretched cells is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rápalo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Josh D Herwig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis
| | - Robert Hewitt
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Memphis
| | - Kristina R Wilhelm
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Christopher M Waters
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging, University of Tennessee Health Science Center
| | - Esra Roan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis;
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34
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Gong G, Liu X, Zhang H, Sheu SS, Wang W. Mitochondrial flash as a novel biomarker of mitochondrial respiration in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1166-77. [PMID: 26276820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00462.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration through electron transport chain (ETC) activity generates ATP and reactive oxygen species in eukaryotic cells. The modulation of mitochondrial respiration in vivo or under physiological conditions remains elusive largely due to the lack of appropriate approach to monitor ETC activity in a real-time manner. Here, we show that ETC-coupled mitochondrial flash is a novel biomarker for monitoring mitochondrial respiration under pathophysiological conditions in cultured adult cardiac myocyte and perfused beating heart. Through real-time confocal imaging, we follow the frequency of a transient bursting fluorescent signal, named mitochondrial flash, from individual mitochondria within intact cells expressing a mitochondrial matrix-targeted probe, mt-cpYFP (mitochondrial-circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein). This mt-cpYFP recorded mitochondrial flash has been shown to be composed of a major superoxide signal with a minor alkalization signal within the mitochondrial matrix. Through manipulating physiological substrates for mitochondrial respiration, we find a close coupling between flash frequency and the ETC electron flow, as measured by oxygen consumption rate in cardiac myocyte. Stimulating electron flow under physiological conditions increases flash frequency. On the other hand, partially block or slowdown electron flow by inhibiting the F0F1 ATPase, which represents a pathological condition, transiently increases then decreases flash frequency. Limiting electron entrance at complex I by knocking out Ndufs4, an assembling subunit of complex I, suppresses mitochondrial flash activity. These results suggest that mitochondrial electron flow can be monitored by real-time imaging of mitochondrial flash. The mitochondrial flash frequency could be used as a novel biomarker for mitochondrial respiration under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Gong
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Philadelphia
| | - Wang Wang
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
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35
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Zhang M, Sun T, Jian C, Lei L, Han P, Lv Q, Yang R, Zhou X, Xu J, Hu Y, Men Y, Huang Y, Zhang C, Zhu X, Wang X, Cheng H, Xiong JW. Remodeling of Mitochondrial Flashes in Muscular Development and Dystrophy in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132567. [PMID: 26186000 PMCID: PMC4506073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial flash (mitoflash) is a highly-conserved, universal, and physiological mitochondrial activity in isolated mitochondria, intact cells, and live organisms. Here we investigated developmental and disease-related remodeling of mitoflash activity in zebrafish skeletal muscles. In transgenic zebrafish expressing the mitoflash reporter cpYFP, in vivo imaging revealed that mitoflash frequency and unitary properties underwent multiphasic and muscle type-specific changes, accompanying mitochondrial morphogenesis from 2 to 14 dpf. In particular, short (S)-type mitoflashes predominated in early muscle formation, then S-, transitory (T)- and regular (R)-type mitoflashes coexisted during muscle maturation, followed by a switch to R-type mitoflashes in mature skeletal muscles. In early development of muscular dystrophy, we found accelerated S- to R-type mitoflash transition and reduced mitochondrial NAD(P)H amidst a remarkable cell-to-cell heterogeneity. This study not only unravels a profound functional and morphological remodeling of mitochondria in developing and diseased skeletal muscles, but also underscores mitoflashes as a useful reporter of mitochondrial function in milieu of live animals under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshu Jian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peidong Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanlong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejia Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanmao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- The Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JWX); (HC)
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (JWX); (HC)
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36
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Zhang X, Gao F. Imaging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with fluorescent probes: current applications and challenges. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:374-82. [PMID: 25789762 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1014813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a key element in the regulation of several physiological functions and in the development or progression of multiple pathological events. A key task in the study of mitochondrial ROS is to establish reliable methods for measuring the ROS level in mitochondria with high selectivity, sensitivity, and spatiotemporal resolution. Over the last decade, imaging tools with fluorescent indicators from either small-molecule dyes or genetically encoded probes that can be targeted to mitochondria have been developed, which provide a powerful method to visualize and even quantify mitochondrial ROS level not only in live cells, but also in live animals. These innovative tools that have bestowed exciting new insights in mitochondrial ROS biology have been further promoted with the invention of new techniques in indicator design and fluorescent detection. However, these probes present some limitations in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and kinetics; failure to recognize these limitations often results in inappropriate interpretations of data. This review evaluates the recent advances in mitochondrial ROS imaging approaches with emphasis on their proper application and limitations, and highlights the future perspectives in the development of novel fluorescent probes for visualizing all species of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , P. R. China
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37
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Mailloux RJ. Teaching the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and the production and detection of reactive oxygen species. Redox Biol 2015; 4:381-98. [PMID: 25744690 PMCID: PMC4348434 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill a number of biological functions which inherently depend on ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 production. Both ATP and O2(-•)/H2O2 are generated by electron transfer reactions. ATP is the product of oxidative phosphorylation whereas O2(-•) is generated by singlet electron reduction of di-oxygen (O2). O2(-•) is then rapidly dismutated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) producing H2O2. O2(-•)/H2O2 were once viewed as unfortunately by-products of aerobic respiration. This characterization is fitting considering over production of O2(-•)/H2O2 by mitochondria is associated with range of pathological conditions and aging. However, O2(-•)/H2O2 are only dangerous in large quantities. If produced in a controlled fashion and maintained at a low concentration, cells can benefit greatly from the redox properties of O2(-•)/H2O2. Indeed, low rates of O2(-•)/H2O2 production are required for intrinsic mitochondrial signaling (e.g. modulation of mitochondrial processes) and communication with the rest of the cell. O2(-•)/H2O2 levels are kept in check by anti-oxidant defense systems that sequester O2(-•)/H2O2 with extreme efficiency. Given the importance of O2(-•)/H2O2 in cellular function, it is imperative to consider how mitochondria produce O2(-•)/H2O2 and how O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis is regulated in conjunction with fluctuations in nutritional and redox states. Here, I discuss the fundamentals of electron transfer reactions in mitochondria and emerging knowledge on the 11 potential sources of mitochondrial O2(-•)/H2O2 in tandem with their significance in contributing to overall O2(-•)/H2O2 emission in health and disease. The potential for classifying these different sites in isopotential groups, which is essentially defined by the redox properties of electron donator involved in O2(-•)/H2O2 production, as originally suggested by Brand and colleagues is also surveyed in detail. In addition, redox signaling mechanisms that control O2(-•)/H2O2 genesis from these sites are discussed. Finally, the current methodologies utilized for measuring O2(-•)/H2O2 in isolated mitochondria, cell culture and in vivo are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5.
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38
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Kwong JQ, Molkentin JD. Physiological and pathological roles of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the heart. Cell Metab 2015; 21:206-214. [PMID: 25651175 PMCID: PMC4616258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening results in mitochondrial energetic dysfunction, organelle swelling, rupture, and typically a type of necrotic cell death. However, acute opening of the MPTP has a critical physiologic role in regulating mitochondrial Ca(2+) handling and metabolism. Despite the physiological and pathological roles that the MPTP orchestrates, the proteins that comprise the pore itself remain an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we will discuss the molecular composition of the MPTP and its role in regulating cardiac physiology and disease. A better understanding of MPTP structure and function will likely suggest novel cardioprotective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Q Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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39
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Forkink M, Willems PHGM, Koopman WJH, Grefte S. Live-cell assessment of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species using dihydroethidine. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1264:161-9. [PMID: 25631012 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in both physiology and pathology. Mitochondria are an important source of the primary ROS superoxide. However, accurate detection of mitochondrial superoxide especially in living cells remains a difficult task. Here, we describe a method and the pitfalls to detect superoxide in both mitochondria and the entire cell using dihydroethidium (HEt) and live-cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Forkink
- Department of Biochemistry, Raboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, NL-6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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40
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Vajrala VS, Suraniti E, Goudeau B, Sojic N, Arbault S. Optical microwell arrays for large-scale studies of single mitochondria metabolic responses. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1264:47-58. [PMID: 25631002 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most of the methods dedicated to the monitoring of metabolic responses from isolated mitochondria are based on whole-population analyses. They rarely offer an individual resolution though fluorescence microscopy allows it, as demonstrated by numerous studies on single mitochondria activities in cells. Herein, we report on the preparation and use of microwell arrays for the entrapment and fluorescence microscopy of single isolated mitochondria. Highly dense arrays of 3 μm mean diameter wells were obtained by the chemical etching of optical fiber bundles (850 μm whole diameter). They were manipulated by a micro-positioner and placed in a chamber made of a biocompatible elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS) and a glass coverslip, on the platform of an inverted microscope. The stable entrapment of individual mitochondria (extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains, inter alia, expressing a green fluorescent protein) within the microwells was obtained by pretreating the optical bundles with an oxygen plasma and dipping the hydrophilic surface of the array in a concentrated solution of mitochondria. Based on the measurement of variations of the intrinsic NADH fluorescence of each mitochondrion in the array, their metabolic status was analyzed at different energetic respiratory stages: under resting state, following the addition of an energetic substrate to stimulate respiration (ethanol herein) and the addition of a respiratory inhibitor (antimycin A). Statistical analyses of mean variations of mitochondrial NADH in the population were subsequently achieved with a single organelle resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Suresh Vajrala
- ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, ENSCBP, University of Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey Berland, 33607, Pessac, France
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Schwarzländer M, Wagner S, Ermakova YG, Belousov VV, Radi R, Beckman JS, Buettner GR, Demaurex N, Duchen MR, Forman HJ, Fricker MD, Gems D, Halestrap AP, Halliwell B, Jakob U, Johnston IG, Jones NS, Logan DC, Morgan B, Müller FL, Nicholls DG, Remington SJ, Schumacker PT, Winterbourn CC, Sweetlove LJ, Meyer AJ, Dick TP, Murphy MP. The 'mitoflash' probe cpYFP does not respond to superoxide. Nature 2014; 514:E12-4. [PMID: 25341790 DOI: 10.1038/nature13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joseph S Beckman
- Linus Pauling Institute, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- The University of Iowa, Department of Radiation Oncology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, and ESR Facility, College of Medicine, Med Labs B180K, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1181, USA
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel-Servet, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henry J Forman
- 1] Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA [2] Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089-0191, USA
| | - Mark D Fricker
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- School of Biochemistry and Bristol CardioVascular, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA
| | - Iain G Johnston
- Department of Mathematics, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nick S Jones
- Department of Mathematics, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David C Logan
- Université d'Angers &INRA &Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Angers, F-49045, France
| | - Bruce Morgan
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian L Müller
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, California 94945, USA
| | - S James Remington
- Department of Physics, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1229, USA
| | - Paul T Schumacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, ChristchurchPO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lee J Sweetlove
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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Pouvreau S. Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:282-93. [PMID: 24497389 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are increasingly being recognized as key elements in the regulation of cellular signaling cascades. They are frequently encountered at the frontier between physiological functions and pathological events. The biological relevance of intracellular redox changes depends on the subcellular origin, the spatio-temporal distribution and the redox couple involved. Thus, a key task in the elucidation of the role of redox reactions is the specific and quantitative measurement of redox conditions with high spatio-temporal resolution. Unfortunately, until recently, our ability to perform such measurements was limited by the lack of adequate technology. Over the last 10 years, promising imaging tools have been developed from fluorescent proteins. Genetically encoded reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox indicators (GERRIs) have the potential to allow real-time and pseudo-quantitative monitoring of specific ROS and thiol redox state in subcellular compartments or live organisms. Redox-sensitive yellow fluorescent proteins (rxYFP family), redox-sensitive green fluorescent proteins (roGFP family), HyPer (a probe designed to measure H2 O2 ), circularly permuted YFP and others have been used in several models and sufficient information has been collected to highlight their main characteristics. This review is intended to be a tour guide of the main types of GERRIs, their origins, properties, advantages and pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Pouvreau
- University of Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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Hou T, Wang X, Ma Q, Cheng H. Mitochondrial flashes: new insights into mitochondrial ROS signalling and beyond. J Physiol 2014; 592:3703-13. [PMID: 25038239 PMCID: PMC4192698 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.275735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory mitochondria undergo stochastic, intermittent bursts of superoxide production accompanied by transient depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and reversible opening of the membrane permeability transition pore. These discrete events were named 'superoxide flashes' for the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal involved, and 'mitochondrial flashes' (mitoflashes) for the entirety of the multifaceted and intertwined mitochondrial processes. In contrast to the flashless basal ROS production of 'homeostatic ROS' for redox regulation, bursting ROS production during mitoflashes may provide 'signalling ROS' at the organelle level, fulfilling distinctly different cell functions. Mounting evidence indicates that mitoflash frequency is richly regulated over a broad range, and represents a novel, universal, and 'digital' readout of mitochondrial functional status and of the mitochondrial stress response. An emerging view is that mitoflashes participate in vital processes including metabolism, cell differentiation, the stress response and ageing. These recent advances shed new light on the role of mitochondrial functional dynamics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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45
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Suraniti E, Ben-Amor S, Landry P, Rigoulet M, Fontaine E, Bottari S, Devin A, Sojic N, Mano N, Arbault S. Electrochemical Monitoring of the Early Events of Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Suraniti E, Ben-Amor S, Landry P, Rigoulet M, Fontaine E, Bottari S, Devin A, Sojic N, Mano N, Arbault S. Electrochemical Monitoring of the Early Events of Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Mitochondria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6655-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Eisner V, Lenaers G, Hajnóczky G. Mitochondrial fusion is frequent in skeletal muscle and supports excitation-contraction coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 205:179-95. [PMID: 24751540 PMCID: PMC4003250 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201312066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion is frequent in skeletal muscle, and its disruption jeopardizes excitation–contraction coupling and may contribute to the pathology of myopathies. Genetic targeting experiments indicate a fundamental role for mitochondrial fusion proteins in mammalian physiology. However, owing to the multiple functions of fusion proteins, their related phenotypes are not necessarily caused by altered mitochondrial fusion. Perhaps the biggest mystery is presented by skeletal muscle, where mostly globular-shaped mitochondria are densely packed into the narrow intermyofilamental space, limiting the interorganellar interactions. We show here that mitochondria form local networks and regularly undergo fusion events to share matrix content in skeletal muscle fibers. However, fusion events are less frequent and more stable in the fibers than in nondifferentiated myoblasts. Complementation among muscle mitochondria was suppressed by both in vivo genetic perturbations and chronic alcohol consumption that cause myopathy. An Mfn1-dependent pathway is revealed whereby fusion inhibition weakens the metabolic reserve of mitochondria to cause dysregulation of calcium oscillations during prolonged stimulation. Thus, fusion dynamically connects skeletal muscle mitochondria and its prolonged loss jeopardizes bioenergetics and excitation–contraction coupling, providing a potential pathomechanism contributing to myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Eisner
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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48
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Redon S, Massin J, Pouvreau S, De Meulenaere E, Clays K, Queneau Y, Andraud C, Girard-Egrot A, Bretonnière Y, Chambert S. Red Emitting Neutral Fluorescent Glycoconjugates for Membrane Optical Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:773-87. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500047r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Redon
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ICBMS, INSA Lyon, Bât. J. Verne, 20 Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut
de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CNRS UMR 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Bât.
Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Massin
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de l’ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, ENS
de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Sandrine Pouvreau
- Physiologie
Intégrative, Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5123, 60622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Laboratory
for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D box 2425, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Centre
of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KULeuven, G. Geenslaan 1 box 2471, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory
for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D box 2425, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Yves Queneau
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ICBMS, INSA Lyon, Bât. J. Verne, 20 Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut
de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CNRS UMR 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Bât.
Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de l’ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, ENS
de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Girard-Egrot
- Institut
de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CNRS UMR 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Bât.
Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Laboratoire
de Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages
Supramoléculaires, Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires
et Supramoléculaires, ICBMS, Université Lyon 1, Bât. Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yann Bretonnière
- Laboratoire
de Chimie de l’ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Lyon 1, ENS
de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Chambert
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, ICBMS, INSA Lyon, Bât. J. Verne, 20 Avenue A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Institut
de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, CNRS UMR 5246, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, Bât.
Curien, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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49
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Qu Z. Network Dynamics in Cardiac Electrophysiology. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF METABOLIC AND SIGNALING NETWORKS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38505-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mailloux RJ, Jin X, Willmore WG. Redox regulation of mitochondrial function with emphasis on cysteine oxidation reactions. Redox Biol 2013; 2:123-39. [PMID: 24455476 PMCID: PMC3895620 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have a myriad of essential functions including metabolism and apoptosis. These chief functions are reliant on electron transfer reactions and the production of ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of ATP and ROS are intimately linked to the electron transport chain (ETC). Electrons from nutrients are passed through the ETC via a series of acceptor and donor molecules to the terminal electron acceptor molecular oxygen (O2) which ultimately drives the synthesis of ATP. Electron transfer through the respiratory chain and nutrient oxidation also produces ROS. At high enough concentrations ROS can activate mitochondrial apoptotic machinery which ultimately leads to cell death. However, if maintained at low enough concentrations ROS can serve as important signaling molecules. Various regulatory mechanisms converge upon mitochondria to modulate ATP synthesis and ROS production. Given that mitochondrial function depends on redox reactions, it is important to consider how redox signals modulate mitochondrial processes. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review on how redox signals mediated through cysteine oxidation, namely S-oxidation (sulfenylation, sulfinylation), S-glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation, regulate key mitochondrial functions including nutrient oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, ROS production, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), apoptosis, and mitochondrial fission and fusion. We also consider the chemistry behind these reactions and how they are modulated in mitochondria. In addition, we also discuss emerging knowledge on disorders and disease states that are associated with deregulated redox signaling in mitochondria and how mitochondria-targeted medicines can be utilized to restore mitochondrial redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mailloux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
- Toxicology Research Division, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Toxicology Research Division, Food Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - William G. Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
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