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Dhanis H, Gninenko N, Morgenroth E, Potheegadoo J, Rognini G, Faivre N, Blanke O, Van De Ville D. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback modulates induced hallucinations and underlying brain mechanisms. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1120. [PMID: 39261559 PMCID: PMC11391061 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hallucinations can occur in the healthy population, are clinically relevant and frequent symptoms in many neuropsychiatric conditions, and have been shown to mark disease progression in patients with neurodegenerative disorders where antipsychotic treatment remains challenging. Here, we combine MR-robotics capable of inducing a clinically-relevant hallucination, with real-time fMRI neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) to train healthy individuals to up-regulate a fronto-parietal brain network associated with the robotically-induced hallucination. Over three days, participants learned to modulate occurrences of and transition probabilities to this network, leading to heightened sensitivity to induced hallucinations after training. Moreover, participants who became sensitive and succeeded in fMRI-NF training, showed sustained and specific neural changes after training, characterized by increased hallucination network occurrences during induction and decreased hallucination network occurrences during a matched control condition. These data demonstrate that fMRI-NF modulates specific hallucination network dynamics and highlights the potential of fMRI-NF as a novel antipsychotic treatment in neurodegenerative disorders and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herberto Dhanis
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gninenko
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elenor Morgenroth
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jevita Potheegadoo
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Rognini
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Faivre
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Neuro-X Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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The Altered States Database: Psychometric data from a systematic literature review. Sci Data 2022; 9:720. [PMID: 36418335 PMCID: PMC9684144 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of the Altered States Database (ASDB), an open-science project based on a systematic literature review. The ASDB contains psychometric questionnaire data on subjective experiences of altered states of consciousness (ASC) induced by pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Scientific journal articles were identified through PubMed and Web of Science. We included studies that examined ASC using the following validated questionnaires: Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (APZ, 5D-ASC, 11-ASC), Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), Hallucinogen Rating Scale (HRS), or Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30). The systematic review resulted in the inclusion of a total of 165 journal articles, whereof questionnaire data was extracted and is now available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) website (https://osf.io/8mbru) and on the ASDB website (http://alteredstatesdb.org), where questionnaire data can be easily retrieved and visualized. This data allows the calculation of comparable psychometric values of ASC experiences and of dose-response relationships of substances inducing ASC. Measurement(s) | Psychometric questionnaire data | Technology Type(s) | Systematic literature review (PRISMA) | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Human |
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Oeri HE. Beyond ecstasy: Alternative entactogens to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine with potential applications in psychotherapy. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:512-536. [PMID: 32909493 PMCID: PMC8155739 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120920420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a revival of interest in the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) as an adjunct to psychotherapy, particularly for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. While clinical results are highly promising, and MDMA is expected to be approved as a treatment in the near future, it is currently the only compound in its class of action that is being actively investigated as a medicine. This lack of alternatives to MDMA may prove detrimental to patients who do not respond well to the particular mechanism of action of MDMA or whose treatment calls for a modification of MDMA's effects. For instance, patients with existing cardiovascular conditions or with a prolonged history of stimulant drug use may not fit into the current model of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, and could benefit from alternative drugs. This review examines the existing literature on a host of entactogenic drugs, which may prove to be useful alternatives in the future, paying particularly close attention to any neurotoxic risks, neuropharmacological mechanism of action and entactogenic commonalities with MDMA. The substances examined derive from the 1,3-benzodioxole, cathinone, benzofuran, aminoindane, indole and amphetamine classes. Several compounds from these classes are identified as potential alternatives to MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Emanuel Oeri
- Hans Emanuel Oeri, University of Victoria,
3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Yoosefi Lebni J, Ziapour A, Qorbani M, Baygi F, Mirzaei A, Safari O, Rastegarimehr B, Khosravi B, Mansourian M. The consequences of regular methamphetamine use in Tehran: qualitative content analysis. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2020; 15:33. [PMID: 32410695 PMCID: PMC7227073 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, methamphetamine use has increased noticeably in Iran, and this can make harmful consequences for the health of individuals and society. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the consequences of regular methamphetamine use in Tehran. METHODS This study was conducted based on a conventional content analysis approach. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interviews with 20 regular adult users of methamphetamine in Tehran (including 15 males and 5 females). Participants were selected using snowball sampling and purposeful sampling, which continued until data saturation. Guba and Lincoln's criteria were used to assess the strength of the study. RESULTS The extraction of the codes resulted in three main categories: (1)the short-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of individual and social consequences, (2) the long-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of psychological and physical consequences, high-risk behaviors, severely decayed memory and changes in the eating pattern, and (3) hallucinations and delusions including the sub-categories of visual and auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions and delusion of having supernatural power. CONCLUSION Regular methamphetamine use may have serious adverse effects on the overall health of individuals. It is therefore highly recommended that educational programs must implement with the use of methamphetamine in the high- risk groups in order to raise awareness and change attitudes about the short and long term consequences. is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Yoosefi Lebni
- Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Health Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Baygi
- Center of Maritime Health and Society, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Amin Mirzaei
- Public Health Department, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Omid Safari
- Departments of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Bahar Khosravi
- Master of Women Studies, Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jean YK, Gitlin MC, Reynolds J, Candiotti KA. Tramadol-associated hallucinations: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67:360-368. [PMID: 31845292 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent prescribing trends reflect government-led efforts undertaken in both the U.S. and Canada to decrease opioid use. These provisions reflect a reduction in the use of many potent opioids in favour of tramadol. Despite the purported benefits of tramadol over other opioids, little remains known about tramadol-associated hallucinations (TAH). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search in Embase, Medline, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, PAHO Virtual Health Library, MedNar, and ClinicalTrials.gov to find reported cases of hallucinations associated with the use of tramadol. For all corresponding cases reporting hallucinations secondary to tramadol use, we extracted data on patient demographics, medical management, and the details on hallucinations. Cases were categorized as "probable TAH" if the evidence supported an association between hallucinations and tramadol use, or "possible TAH" if hallucinations were attributed to tramadol use but the supporting evidence was weak. The "probable TAH" cases were further classified as "isolated TAH" if hallucinations were the primary complaint, or "other existing medical condition" if concurrent signs and symptoms alluded to a diagnosis of an existing medical condition. We then conducted a narrative synthesis of the available literature to contextualize these results. RESULTS A total of 941 articles were identified in the initial search. No observational studies or randomized clinical trials were identified with our systematic review; only case reports were found. After a thorough screening, 34 articles comprising 101 patients reported an association between tramadol use and hallucinations. Among these 101 cases, 31 were "probable TAH" and 70 were "possible TAH". Of the 31 cases of "probable TAH", 16 cases were "isolated TAH" while the remaining 15 cases belonged to "other existing medical condition". CONCLUSIONS Tramadol-associated hallucinations can result in auditory or visual disturbances, although multisensory symptoms have also been reported. The mechanism underlying TAH remains poorly understood and likely involves numerous receptor types. The relative risk of hallucinations from tramadol compared with other opioids remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuel-Kai Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Melvin C Gitlin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - John Reynolds
- Department of Health Informatics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Keith A Candiotti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine, and Pain Management, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1611 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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Baggott MJ, Garrison KJ, Coyle JR, Galloway GP, Barnes AJ, Huestis MA, Mendelson JE. Effects of the Psychedelic Amphetamine MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine) in Healthy Volunteers. J Psychoactive Drugs 2019; 51:108-117. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2019.1593560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Baggott
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Friends Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen J. Garrison
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Friends Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy R. Coyle
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Friends Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gantt P. Galloway
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Friends Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allan J. Barnes
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John E. Mendelson
- Addiction and Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Friends Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kraehenmann R, Pokorny D, Vollenweider L, Preller KH, Pokorny T, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX. Dreamlike effects of LSD on waking imagery in humans depend on serotonin 2A receptor activation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2031-2046. [PMID: 28386699 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Accumulating evidence indicates that the mixed serotonin and dopamine receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces an altered state of consciousness that resembles dreaming. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to test the hypotheses that LSD produces dreamlike waking imagery and that this imagery depends on 5-HT2A receptor activation and is related to subjective drug effects. METHODS Twenty-five healthy subjects performed an audiorecorded guided mental imagery task 7 h after drug administration during three drug conditions: placebo, LSD (100 mcg orally) and LSD together with the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin (40 mg orally). Cognitive bizarreness of guided mental imagery reports was quantified as a standardised formal measure of dream mentation. State of consciousness was evaluated using the Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC) questionnaire. RESULTS LSD, compared with placebo, significantly increased cognitive bizarreness (p < 0.001). The LSD-induced increase in cognitive bizarreness was positively correlated with the LSD-induced loss of self-boundaries and cognitive control (p < 0.05). Both LSD-induced increases in cognitive bizarreness and changes in state of consciousness were fully blocked by ketanserin. CONCLUSIONS LSD produced mental imagery similar to dreaming, primarily via activation of the 5-HT2A receptor and in relation to loss of self-boundaries and cognitive control. Future psychopharmacological studies should assess the differential contribution of the D2/D1 and 5-HT1A receptors to cognitive bizarreness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kraehenmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dan Pokorny
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Leonie Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pokorny
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Brain Imaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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Feigenson KA, Gara MA, Roché MW, Silverstein SM. Is disorganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: evidence of covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample. Psychiatry Res 2014; 217:1-8. [PMID: 24656898 PMCID: PMC4011996 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A subgroup of people with schizophrenia is characterized by reduced organization in perception, thought, language, and motor functioning, and these impairments covary significantly. While this may reflect multiple expressions of an illness-related core processing impairment, it may also represent the extreme end of an organization-disorganization dimension that is found throughout the general population. In this view, disorganization is a modifying influence on illness expression. To obtain preliminary information on this hypothesis, we examined covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample. Subjects completed a battery of perceptual tasks with demonstrated sensitivity to schizophrenia and disorganization, and a battery of questionnaires examining cognitive organization. Our results indicated that level of perceptual organization ability, across multiple tasks, was associated with self-reported levels of cognitive organization on multiple measures. This is thus preliminary evidence for a common process affecting perceptual and cognitive organization in the general population, suggesting that disorganization may reflect a modifying influence mechanism, instead of an illness-related process, in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. Feigenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Keith Aaron Feigenson, 151 Centennial Ave, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, Phone: 732-235-2864, Fax: (732) 235-9293,
| | - Michael A. Gara
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,University Behavioral Health Care at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
| | - Matthew W. Roché
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Steven M. Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,University Behavioral Health Care at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08855, USA
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Silverstein SM. Jung's views on causes and treatments of schizophrenia in light of current trends in cognitive neuroscience and psychotherapy research I. Aetiology and phenomenology. THE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 59:98-129. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5922.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Bogenschutz MP, Pommy JM. Therapeutic mechanisms of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addictions: from indirect evidence to testable hypotheses. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:543-55. [PMID: 22761106 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and drug addiction are major public health problems, and existing treatments are only moderately effective. Although there has been interest for over half a century in the therapeutic use of classic hallucinogens to treat addictions, clinical research with these drugs was halted at an early stage in the early 1970s, leaving many fundamental questions unanswered. In the past two decades, clinical research on classic hallucinogens has resumed, although addiction treatment trials are only now beginning. The purpose of this paper is to provide a targeted review of the research most relevant to the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens, and to integrate this information with current thinking about addiction and recovery. On the basis of this information, we present a heuristic model which organizes a number of hypotheses that may be tested in future research. We conclude that existing evidence provides a convincing rationale for further research on the effects of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Bogenschutz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Department of Psychiatry Center for Psychiatric Research, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA.
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