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Iyer AS, Shaik MR, Raufman JP, Xie G. The Roles of Zinc Finger Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10249. [PMID: 37373394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite colorectal cancer remaining a leading worldwide cause of cancer-related death, there remains a paucity of effective treatments for advanced disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer include altered cell signaling and cell cycle regulation that may result from epigenetic modifications of gene expression and function. Acting as important transcriptional regulators of normal biological processes, zinc finger proteins also play key roles in regulating the cellular mechanisms underlying colorectal neoplasia. These actions impact cell differentiation and proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, homeostasis, senescence, and maintenance of stemness. With the goal of highlighting promising points of therapeutic intervention, we review the oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of zinc finger proteins with respect to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S Iyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammed Rifat Shaik
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Raufman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Guofeng Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Age-Related DNA Methylation in Normal Kidney Tissue Identifies Epigenetic Cancer Risk Susceptibility Loci in the ANKRD34B and ZIC1 Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105327. [PMID: 35628134 PMCID: PMC9141100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both age-dependent and age-independent alteration of DNA methylation in human tissues are functionally associated with the development of many malignant and non-malignant human diseases. TCGA-KIRC data were biometrically analyzed to identify new loci with age-dependent DNA methylation that may contribute to tumor risk in normal kidney tissue. ANKRD34B and ZIC1 were evaluated as candidate genes by pyrosequencing of 539 tissues, including 239 normal autopsy, 157 histopathologically tumor-adjacent normal, and 143 paired tumor kidney samples. All candidate CpG loci demonstrated a strong correlation between relative methylation levels and age (R = 0.70−0.88, p < 2 × 10−16) and seven out of 10 loci were capable of predicting chronological age in normal kidney tissues, explaining 84% of the variance (R = 0.92). Moreover, significantly increased age-independent methylation was found for 9 out of 10 CpG loci in tumor-adjacent tissues, compared to normal autopsy tissues (p = 0.001−0.028). Comparing tumor and paired tumor-adjacent tissues revealed two patient clusters showing hypermethylation, one cluster without significant changes in methylation, and a smaller cluster demonstrating hypomethylation in the tumors (p < 1 × 10−10). Taken together, our results show the presence of additional methylation risk factors besides age for renal cancer in normal kidney tissue. Concurrent tumor-specific hypermethylation suggests a subset of these loci are candidates for epigenetic renal cancer susceptibility.
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Anh LPH, Nishimura K, Kuno A, Linh NT, Kato T, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sugihara E, Sato TA, Hayashi Y, Fukuda A, Hisatake K. Downregulation of Odd-Skipped Related 2, a Novel Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Enables Efficient Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells 2022; 40:397-410. [DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming proceeds through a series of events to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The early stage of reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is characterized by rapid cell proliferation and morphological changes, which are accompanied by downregulation of mesenchyme-associated genes. However, the functional relevance of their downregulation to reprogramming remains poorly defined. In this study, we have screened transcriptional regulators that are downregulated immediately upon reprogramming, presumably through direct targeting by reprogramming factors. To test if these transcriptional regulators impact reprogramming when expressed continuously, we generated an expression vector that harbors human cytomegalovirus upstream open reading frame 2 (uORF2), which reduces translation to minimize the detrimental effect of an expressed protein. Screening of transcriptional regulators with this expression vector revealed that downregulation of odd-skipped related 2 (Osr2) is crucial for efficient reprogramming. Using a cell-based model for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we show that Osr2 is a novel EMT regulator that acts through induction of TGF-β signaling. During reprogramming, Osr2 downregulation not only diminishes TGF-β signaling but also allows activation of Wnt signaling, thus promoting mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) toward acquisition of pluripotency. Our results illuminate the functional significance of Osr2 downregulation in erasing the mesenchymal phenotype at an early stage of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Phuong Hoang Anh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thuy Linh
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tetsuo Kato
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | - Mahito Nakanishi
- TOKIWA-Bio, Inc. Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Sato
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Hisatake
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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4
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Thuijs NB, Berkhof J, Özer M, Duin S, van Splunter AP, Snoek BC, Heideman DAM, van Beurden M, Steenbergen RDM, Bleeker MCG. DNA methylation markers for cancer risk prediction of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2481-2488. [PMID: 33426639 PMCID: PMC8048962 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical and histological classifications are unable to determine the risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), making prognostic biomarkers highly needed. We studied host-cell DNA methylation markers in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and differentiated VIN (dVIN) without VSCC, in HSIL and dVIN adjacent to VSCC and in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative VSCC, relative to control vulvar tissues. A series of 192 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded vulvar samples, including VSCC (n = 58), VIN adjacent to VSCC (n = 30), VIN without VSCC during follow-up (n = 41) and normal vulvar tissues (n = 63), were tested for 12 DNA methylation markers with quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). HPV status was determined by p16INK4A immunohistochemistry and high-risk HPV PCR analysis. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine methylation patterns and methylation marker performance for VIN and VSCC detection. Methylation markers showed significantly higher methylation levels with increasing severity of disease. VIN adjacent to VSCC showed a similar methylation-high pattern as VSCC, while VIN without VSCC displayed a heterogeneous methylation pattern. Vulvar carcinogenesis is associated with increased DNA methylation. Higher DNA methylation levels in VIN seem to reflect higher cancer risk, emphasizing the high potential of DNA methylation biomarkers in the diagnostic workup of VIN. As a next step, longitudinal studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of methylation biomarkers as a clinical tool for stratification of cancer risk in women with VIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki B. Thuijs
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes Berkhof
- Epidemiology and Data ScienceAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Müjde Özer
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand SurgeryAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Duin
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Annina P. van Splunter
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara C. Snoek
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A. M. Heideman
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc van Beurden
- Department of GynecologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek hospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renske D. M. Steenbergen
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maaike C. G. Bleeker
- Pathology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Aggresomes predict poor outcomes and implicate proteostasis in the pathogenesis of pediatric choroid plexus tumors. J Neurooncol 2021; 152:67-78. [PMID: 33501605 PMCID: PMC7910251 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Protein misfolding and aggregation result in proteotoxic stress and underlie the pathogenesis of many diseases. To overcome proteotoxicity, cells compartmentalize misfolded and aggregated proteins in different inclusion bodies. The aggresome is a paranuclear inclusion body that functions as a storage compartment for misfolded proteins. Choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) are rare neoplasms comprised of three pathological subgroups. The underlying mechanisms of their pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the prognostic role and the biological effects of aggresomes in pediatric CPTs. Methods We examined the presence of aggresomes in 42 patient-derived tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry and we identified their impact on patients’ outcomes. We then investigated the proteogenomics signature associated with aggresomes using whole-genome DNA methylation and proteomic analysis to define their role in the pathogenesis of pediatric CPTs. Results Aggresomes were detected in 64.2% of samples and were distributed among different pathological and molecular subgroups. The presence of aggresomes with different percentages was correlated with patients’ outcomes. The ≥ 25% cutoff had the most significant impact on overall and event-free survival (p-value < 0.001) compared to the pathological and the molecular stratifications. Conclusions These results support the role of aggresome as a novel prognostic molecular marker for pediatric CPTs that was comparable to the molecular classification in segregating samples into two distinct subgroups, and to the pathological stratification in the prediction of patients’ outcomes. Moreover, the proteogenomic signature of CPTs displayed altered protein homeostasis, manifested by enrichment in processes related to protein quality control. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11060-020-03694-3.
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6
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Zhang R, Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Zhu C, Zuo S, Chen Z. An aberrant DNA methylation signature for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1667. [PMID: 33490179 PMCID: PMC7812168 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background By the time they are clinically diagnosed, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often at the advanced stage. DNA methylation has become a useful predictor of prognosis for cancer patients. Research on DNA methylation as a biomarker for assessing the risk of occurrence in HCC patients is limited. The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient methylation site model for predicting survival in patients with HCC. Methods DNA methylation and gene expression profile data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Markers of DNA-methylated site in two subsets (the training subset and the test subset) were identified using a random survival forest algorithm and Cox proportional hazards regression. Then, Gene Ontology annotations were applied to investigate the functions of DNA methylation signatures. Results A total of 37 hub genes containing 713 methylated sites were identified among the differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Finally, seven methylation sites (cg12824782, cg24871714, cg18683774, cg22796509, cg19450025, cg10474350, and cg06511917) were identified. In the training group and the test group, the area under the curve predicting the survival of patients with HCC was 0.750 and 0.742, respectively. The seven methylation sites signature could be used to divide the patients in the training group into high- and low-risk subgroups [overall survival (OS): 2.81 vs. 2.11 years; log-rank test, P<0.05]. Then, the prediction ability of the model was validated in the test dataset through risk stratification (OS: 2.04 vs. 2.88 years; log-rank test, P<0.05). Functional analysis demonstrated that these signature genes were related to the activity of DNA-binding transcription activator, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding, and enhancer sequence-specific DNA binding. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the signature is useful for predicting the survival of HCC patients and thus, can facilitate treatment-related decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Zhang
- Information Communication Division, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Information Communication Division, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Information Communication Division, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Information Communication Division, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zili Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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7
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Sanchez-Martin V, Lopez-Pujante C, Soriano-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Salcedo JA. An Updated Focus on Quadruplex Structures as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238900. [PMID: 33255335 PMCID: PMC7734589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical, four-stranded nucleic acids secondary structures are present within regulatory regions in the human genome and transcriptome. To date, these quadruplex structures include both DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes, formed in guanine-rich sequences, and i-Motifs, found in cytosine-rich sequences, as their counterparts. Quadruplexes have been extensively associated with cancer, playing an important role in telomere maintenance and control of genetic expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Therefore, quadruplex structures are considered attractive molecular targets for cancer therapeutics with novel mechanisms of action. In this review, we provide a general overview about recent research on the implications of quadruplex structures in cancer, firstly gathering together DNA G-quadruplexes, RNA G-quadruplexes as well as DNA i-Motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez-Martin
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Pujante
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Miguel Soriano-Rodriguez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Centre for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAMBITAL), University of Almeria, 04001 Almeria, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.A.G.-S.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (M.S.-R.); +34-958715500 (J.A.G.-S.)
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Salcedo
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (V.S.-M.); (C.L.-P.)
- Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Biosanitary Research Institute IBS, Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.S.-R.); (J.A.G.-S.); Tel.: +34-958715500 (M.S.-R.); +34-958715500 (J.A.G.-S.)
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8
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Evolution from adherent to suspension: systems biology of HEK293 cell line development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18996. [PMID: 33149219 PMCID: PMC7642379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for new safe and efficacious therapies has led to an increased focus on biologics produced in mammalian cells. The human cell line HEK293 has bio-synthetic potential for human-like production attributes and is currently used for manufacturing of several therapeutic proteins and viral vectors. Despite the increased popularity of this strain we still have limited knowledge on the genetic composition of its derivatives. Here we present a genomic, transcriptomic and metabolic gene analysis of six of the most widely used HEK293 cell lines. Changes in gene copy and expression between industrial progeny cell lines and the original HEK293 were associated with cellular component organization, cell motility and cell adhesion. Changes in gene expression between adherent and suspension derivatives highlighted switching in cholesterol biosynthesis and expression of five key genes (RARG, ID1, ZIC1, LOX and DHRS3), a pattern validated in 63 human adherent or suspension cell lines of other origin.
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Epigenetic silencing of ZIC4 contributes to cancer progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:906. [PMID: 33097694 PMCID: PMC7584641 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene played critical roles in the development and progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Zic family member 4 (ZIC4) is transcription factor and plays an important role in the developmental process. However, the expression and biological role of ZIC4 in HCC is poorly understood. Here, bioinformatics analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed an aberrant hypermethylation of ZIC4 in HCC. ZIC4 is frequently hypermethylated in promoter region and down expressed in HCC cells and tissues. Functionally, ZIC4 inhibition facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ZIC4 overexpression reduced proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells. In addition, ZIC4 inhibition rescued the antitumor effect induced by enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) knockdown or EZH2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, EZH2 knockdown or EZH2 inhibitor reduced the enrichment of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in ZIC4 promoter region and leading to the upregulation of ZIC4. Altogether, these data indicate that epigenetic silencing of ZIC4 by EZH2 mediated H3K27me3 is an important mechanism in HCC and provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma disease.
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10
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Zhu J, Lv J, Chen J, Zhang X, Ji Y. Down-regulated microRNA-223 or elevated ZIC1 inhibits the development of pancreatic cancer via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2851-2865. [PMID: 33064959 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1827189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to participate in the progression of human cancers, such as pancreatic cancer (PC), while the mechanisms of miR-223 in PC remain largely unknown. This study was for the investigation of the status of microRNA (miR)-223 in the growth of PC with the involvement of ZIC1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Methods: MiR-223 and ZIC1 expression in PC tissue and cell lines was detected. PANC-1 cells and SW1990 cells were screened for subsequent experiments. Screened cells were transfected with miR-223- or ZIC1-related oligonucleotides or plasmids, or AZD8055, the dual inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to test the functions of miR-223, ZIC1 or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the biological functions of PC cells. The expression of miR-223, ZIC1, or PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins was examined. Tumor xenograft in nude mice was conducted for the detection of tumor growth of PC. Results: Up-regulated miR-223 and declined ZIC1 existed in PC tissues of patients and cell lines. ZIC1 was determined to be a target gene of miR-223. Down-regulated miR-223 or up-regulated ZIC1 led to suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle entry, volume and weight of tumors, while elevated apoptosis in PC cells through declining phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. MiR-223 up-regulation or ZIC1 down-regulation induced opposite results on PC cells. Conclusion: This study highlights that down-regulated miR-223 or elevated ZIC1 inhibits the development of PC via restricting activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which has important meanings for exploring the mechanism of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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11
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Ahmed JN, Diamand KEM, Bellchambers HM, Arkell RM. Systematized reporter assays reveal ZIC protein regulatory abilities are Subclass-specific and dependent upon transcription factor binding site context. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13130. [PMID: 32753700 PMCID: PMC7403390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ZIC proteins are a family of transcription regulators with a well-defined zinc finger DNA-binding domain and there is evidence that they elicit functional DNA binding at a ZIC DNA binding site. Little is known, however, regarding domains within ZIC proteins that confer trans-activation or -repression. To address this question, a new cell-based trans-activation assay system suitable for ZIC proteins in HEK293T cells was constructed. This identified two previously unannotated evolutionarily conserved regions of ZIC3 that are necessary for trans-activation. These domains are found in all Subclass A ZIC proteins, but not in the Subclass B proteins. Additionally, the Subclass B proteins fail to elicit functional binding at a multimerised ZIC DNA binding site. All ZIC proteins, however, exhibit functional binding when the ZIC DNA binding site is embedded in a multiple transcription factor locus derived from ZIC target genes in the mouse genome. This ability is due to several domains, some of which are found in all ZIC proteins, that exhibit context dependent trans-activation or -repression activity. This knowledge is valuable for assessing the likely pathogenicity of variant ZIC proteins associated with human disorders and for determining factors that influence functional transcription factor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehangir N Ahmed
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Koula E M Diamand
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Helen M Bellchambers
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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12
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Ge Q, Hu Y, He J, Chen F, Wu L, Tu X, Qi Y, Zhang Z, Xue M, Chen S, Zhong J, Wang L. Zic1 suppresses gastric cancer metastasis by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. FASEB J 2020; 34:2161-2172. [PMID: 31909528 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901372rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) patients with metastasis had limited treatment options and dismal outcome. We have previously reported the aberrant expression of Zic family member 1 (Zic1) in GC. However, the functional roles and underlying mechanism of Zic1 in GC metastasis remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that lower expression of Zic1 was correlated with more lymph node metastasis and poor outcome of GC patients. Ectopic expression of Zic1 suppressed both lung metastasis and peritoneal tumor dissemination of GC in mice. The metastatic suppressing ability of Zic1 was mediated by regulating the process of cell invasion, adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, Zic1 could downregulate Wnt targets including c-Myc and Cyclin D1 by inhibiting LEF transcriptional activity in GC cells. Notably, Zic1 was inversely related to the expression of Cyclin D1 in GC tissues tested. In addition, Zic1 could physically interact with β-catenin/transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and disrupt their complex formation, while not affecting β-catenin nuclear localization. Collectively, our study indicated that Zic1 suppressed GC metastasis through attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the EMT process. Our work may provide novel therapeutic strategies for the metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lunpo Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Tu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yadong Qi
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zizhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Gu X, Guo XK, Chen BH, Gao XJ, Chen F, Liu Q. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of ZIC1 in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6621-6627. [PMID: 31788119 PMCID: PMC6865731 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the differences in zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) expression between cervical cancer tissue, precancer tissue and normal cervical tissue to determine its clinicopathological and prognostic value in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression levels of ZIC1 in 569 fresh-frozen biopsy tissues, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect ZIC1 protein expression in 80 CSCC tissues and 320 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III samples. The association of ZIC1 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of CSCC was then analyzed using Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to analyze the prognostic value. The level of ZIC1 mRNA expression in CSCC was significantly lower compared with normal cervical tissues and CIN I–III tissues (P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between ZIC1 immunoreactivity score (IRS) in CSCC tissue and adjacent noncancerous tissue (R=−0.279; P=0.012); the mean IRS of ZIC1 in CSCC tissue was 5.36±3.48, which was significantly lower compared with the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues (11.31±5.68; P<0.001) and CIN III samples (10.42±1.54; P<0.001). In addition, expression of ZIC1 was negatively associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P=0.027) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). In Cox regression analysis, ZIC1 expression [hazard ratio (HR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–0.92; P=0.018), FIGO staging (HR, 3.55; 95% CI, 2.35–5.37; P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.62–3.86; P<0.001) were three independent prognostic factors of overall survival. Furthermore, ZIC1 expression was also associated with disease-free survival (P=0.003). These results suggest that ZIC1 expression in CSCC may be lower than in normal cervical tissues or CIN tissues, and high expression of ZIC1 may be negatively associated with FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, ZIC1 may be a promising biomarker for the prognosis of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ke Guo
- Department of Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Hui Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Gao
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang Q, Zhang C, Ma JX, Ren H, Sun Y, Xu JZ. Circular RNA PIP5K1A promotes colon cancer development through inhibiting miR-1273a. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5300-5309. [PMID: 31558874 PMCID: PMC6761237 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i35.5300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered to be highly stable due to the closed structure, which are predominately correlated with the development and progression of a wide variety of cancers. Colon cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. A recent study demonstrated the upregulated expression of circPIP5K1A in non-small cell lung cancer. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between circ_0014130 level and colon cancer. Therefore, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of circPIP5K1A’s role may help with the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for colon cancer.
AIM To investigate the status of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers and its effects on the modulation of cancer development.
METHODS The expression level of circPIP5K1A in tissue and serum samples from colon cancer patients, as well as human colonic cancer cell lines was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Following the transfection of specifically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) into colon cell lines, we used Hoechst staining assay to measure the ratio of cell death in the absence of circPIP5K1A. Moreover, we also used the Transwell assay to assess the migratory function of colon cells overexpressing circPIP5K1A. Additionally, we employed a series of bioinformatics prediction programs to predict the potential of circPIP5K1A-targeted miRNAs and mRNAs. The miR-1273a vector was constructed, and then transfected with or without circPIP5K1A vector into colon cancer cells. Afterwards, the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1), interferon regulating factor 4 (IRF-4), caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX-2), and zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (Zic-1) was detected by western blotting.
RESULTS CircPIP5K1A was significantly upregulated in colon cancer tissue relative to their adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of circPIP5K1A in colon cancer cells impaired cell viability and suppressed cell invasion and migration, while enforced expression of circPIP5K1A exhibited the opposite effects on cell migration. Bioinformatics prediction program predicted that the association of circPIP5K1A with miR-1273a, as well as AP-1, IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Subsequent studies showed that overexpression of circPIP5K1A augmented the expression of AP-1 but attenuated the expression of IRF-4, CDX-2, and Zic-1. Reciprocally, overexpression of miR-1273a abrogated the oncogenic function of circPIP5K1A in colon cancers.
CONCLUSION Overall, our data demonstrate the oncogenic role of circPIP5K1A-miR-1273a axis in regulation of colon cancer development, which provides a novel insights into colon cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Xin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Municipal Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang 222042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Chest Medicine, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiao-Zhen Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
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15
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Zhao Z, Wang L, Bartom E, Marshall S, Rendleman E, Ryan C, Shilati A, Savas J, Chandel N, Shilatifard A. β-Catenin/Tcf7l2-dependent transcriptional regulation of GLUT1 gene expression by Zic family proteins in colon cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax0698. [PMID: 31392276 PMCID: PMC6669021 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) proteins has been implicated to function in normal tissue development. Recent studies have described the critical functions of Zic proteins in cancers and the potential tumor-suppressive functions in colon cancer development and progression. To elucidate the functional roles of Zic proteins in colorectal cancer, we knocked out the Zic5 gene and analyzed the chromatin localization pattern and transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. We found that Zic5 regulates glucose metabolism, and Zic5 knockout is accompanied by an increased glycolytic state and tolerance to a low-glucose condition. Furthermore, loss of β-catenin or TCF7l2 diminishes the chromatin binding of Zic5 globally. Our studies suggest that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a strong influence on the function of Zic proteins and glucose metabolism in colorectal cancers through GLUT1. Interfering Wnt/-catenin-Zic5 axis-regulated aerobic glycolysis represents a potentially effective strategy to selectively target colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stacy Marshall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emily Rendleman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caila Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anthony Shilati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Savas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Fu JQ, Chen Z, Hu YJ, Fan ZH, Guo ZX, Liang JY, Ryu BM, Ren JL, Shi XJ, Li J, Jia S, Wang J, Ke XS, Ma X, Tan X, Zhang T, Chen XZ, Zhang C. A single factor induces neuronal differentiation to suppress glioma cell growth. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:486-495. [PMID: 30264483 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glioma, with fast growth and progression features, is the most common and aggressive tumor in the central nervous system and is essentially incurable. This study is aimed at inducing neuronal differentiation to suppress glioma cell growth with a single transcription factor. METHODS Overexpression of transcription factor SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 11 (SOX11) and Zic family member 1 (ZIC1) was, respectively, performed in glioma cells with lentivirus infection. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to knock out ZIC1 in U87 cells, and knockout efficiency was identified by Western blotting and Sanger sequencing. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The downstream targets of SOX11 were analyzed by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays. qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence technique were used to verify gene targets of genetically modified U87 cells. All the cells were imaged by a fluorescence microscope. Gene expression correlation analysis and overall survival analysis based on TCGA dataset are performed by GEPIA. RESULTS We induced glioma cells into neuron-like cells to suppress cell growth using a single transcription factor, SOX11 or ZIC1. Besides, we proved that there is a strong correlation between SOX11 and ZIC1. Our study revealed that SOX11 upregulates ZIC1 expression by binding with ZIC1 promoter, and ZIC1 partially mediates SOX11-induced neuronal differentiation in U87 cells. However, SOX11 expression is not regulated by ZIC1. Moreover, high MAP2 expression means better overall survival in TCGA lower grade glioma. CONCLUSION This study revealed that glioma cells can be reprogrammed into neuron-like cells using a single factor ZIC1, which may be a potential tumor suppressor gene for gliomas treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Fu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jia Hu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Fan
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Guo
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Ye Liang
- Tongji University School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Mi Ryu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ren
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Shi
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Jia
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Si Ke
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Yi W, Wang J, Yao Z, Kong Q, Zhang N, Mo W, Xu L, Li X. The expression status of ZIC2 as a prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4446-4460. [PMID: 31949842 PMCID: PMC6962988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein ZIC2 is a transcription factor encoded by the ZIC2 gene, which can interact with various DNAs and proteins. ZIC2 expression may promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Recent studies have reported that ZIC2 acts as an oncogene in various cancers. The expression and distinct prognostic value of ZIC2 in NPC is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate ZIC2 expression and its prognostic significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The ZIC2 expressions at the mRNA levels in NPC tissues and normal tissues were investigated using Oncomine analysis. ZIC2 protein expression was analyzed in paraffin-embedded NPC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of ZIC2 expression. The result shows the expression of ZIC2 mRNA is significantly elevated in NPC tissue compared with normal nasopharynx tissues. In paraffin-embedded tissue samples, the immunoreactivity of ZIC2 was primarily seen in the nuclei and cytoplasms within tumor cells. High ZIC2 expression was obviously related to poor OS and DFS compared to low ZIC2 expression. In a multivariate analysis, the expression of ZIC2 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS. ZIC2 is up-regulated in NPC and associated with histology and survival. ZIC2 may serve as a prognostic indicator for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Kong
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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18
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Association Rule Analysis for Validating Interrelationships of Combined Medication of Compound Kushen Injection in Treating Colon Carcinoma: A Hospital Information System-Based Real-World Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4579801. [PMID: 30228827 PMCID: PMC6136500 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4579801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Real world evidence is important for informing healthcare practice and developing medical products and has gained broad interest in healthcare. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) has been widely applied into treatment of colon carcinoma (CC) in China. Postapproval drug assessment related retrospective studies using electrical medical record (EMR) collected from hospital information system (HIS) is one of the most important categories of real-world study (RWS). Based on HIS EMR, interrelationships of combined medication of CKI in treating CC can be validated in real world settings. Methods This study was conducted based on a large-scale integrated database of EMR derived from HIS. EMR of 3328 patients initially diagnosed with CC among 49,597 patients treated with CKI were included in the study. Descriptive statistical analyses and apriori algorithm based association rule analyses were performed, respectively, to validate frequency distribution and interrelationships of combined medication of CKI in treating CC. Results The pharmacological mechanisms of TCMs that have been commonly used in conjunction with CKI include heat-clearing and detoxifying, qi-reinforcing, blood circulation-promoting and stasis-removing, blood-stanching, and qi-regulating. For modern medicines, antibiotics, antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drugs, immunomodulator, 5-HT receptor antagonist drugs, and corticosteroids are most often combined with CKI. The association rules of medication combinations of CKI in treating CC in real world manifest certain laws for both TCMs and modern medicines. They are generally in line with CC treatment guidelines. Conclusions It is a common practice for CKI to be integrated with both modern medicines and TCMs when treating CC in China. The associations of medication combinations of CKI in treating CC manifest certain laws for both TCMs and modern medicines. The RWS for validating interrelationships of combined medication may provide evidence for rational use of CKI. Further explorations are needed to verify and expand the conclusions.
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19
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Verlaat W, Van Leeuwen RW, Novianti PW, Schuuring E, Meijer CJLM, Van Der Zee AGJ, Snijders PJF, Heideman DAM, Steenbergen RDM, Wisman GBA. Host-cell DNA methylation patterns during high-risk HPV-induced carcinogenesis reveal a heterogeneous nature of cervical pre-cancer. Epigenetics 2018; 13:769-778. [PMID: 30079796 PMCID: PMC6224221 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1507197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer development following a persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is driven by additional host-cell changes, such as altered DNA methylation. In previous studies, we have identified 12 methylated host genes associated with cervical cancer and pre-cancer (CIN2/3). This study systematically analyzed the onset and DNA methylation pattern of these genes during hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis using a longitudinal in vitro model of hrHPV-transformed cell lines (n = 14) and hrHPV-positive cervical scrapings (n = 113) covering various stages of cervical carcinogenesis. DNA methylation analysis was performed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) and relative qMSP values were used to analyze the data. The majority of genes displayed a comparable DNA methylation pattern in both cell lines and clinical specimens. DNA methylation onset occurred at early or late immortal passage, and DNA methylation levels gradually increased towards tumorigenic cells. Subsequently, we defined a so-called cancer-like methylation-high pattern based on the DNA methylation levels observed in cervical scrapings from women with cervical cancer. This cancer-like methylation-high pattern was observed in 72% (38/53) of CIN3 and 55% (11/20) of CIN2, whereas it was virtually absent in hrHPV-positive controls (1/26). In conclusion, hrHPV-induced carcinogenesis is characterized by early onset of DNA methylation, typically occurring at the pre-tumorigenic stage and with highest DNA methylation levels at the cancer stage. Host-cell DNA methylation patterns in cervical scrapings from women with CIN2 and CIN3 are heterogeneous, with a subset displaying a cancer-like methylation-high pattern, suggestive for a higher cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wina Verlaat
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Van Leeuwen
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Putri W Novianti
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- c Department of Pathology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ate G J Van Der Zee
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- a Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology , Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- b Department of Gynecologic Oncology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cancer Research Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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20
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Molnár B, Galamb O, Péterfia B, Wichmann B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Kalmár A, Szigeti KA, Barták BK, Nagy ZB, Valcz G, Patai ÁV, Igaz P, Tulassay Z. Gene promoter and exon DNA methylation changes in colon cancer development - mRNA expression and tumor mutation alterations. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:695. [PMID: 29945573 PMCID: PMC6020382 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA mutations occur randomly and sporadically in growth-related genes, mostly on cytosines. Demethylation of cytosines may lead to genetic instability through spontaneous deamination. Aims were whole genome methylation and targeted mutation analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related genes and mRNA expression analysis of TP53 pathway genes. Methods Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) BS-PCR followed by pyrosequencing was performed for the estimation of global DNA metlyation levels along the colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Methyl capture sequencing was done on 6 normal adjacent (NAT), 15 adenomatous (AD) and 9 CRC tissues. Overall quantitative methylation analysis, selection of top hyper/hypomethylated genes, methylation analysis on mutation regions and TP53 pathway gene promoters were performed. Mutations of 12 CRC-related genes (APC, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, FBXW7, KRAS, NRAS, MSH6, PIK3CA, SMAD2, SMAD4, TP53) were evaluated. mRNA expression of TP53 pathway genes was also analyzed. Results According to the LINE-1 methylation results, overall hypomethylation was observed along the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Within top50 differential methylated regions (DMRs), in AD-N comparison TP73, NGFR, PDGFRA genes were hypermethylated, FMN1, SLC16A7 genes were hypomethylated. In CRC-N comparison DKK2, SDC2, SOX1 genes showed hypermethylation, while ERBB4, CREB5, CNTN1 genes were hypomethylated. In certain mutation hot spot regions significant DNA methylation alterations were detected. The TP53 gene body was addressed by hypermethylation in adenomas. APC, TP53 and KRAS mutations were found in 30, 15, 21% of adenomas, and in 29, 53, 29% of CRCs, respectively. mRNA expression changes were observed in several TP53 pathway genes showing promoter methylation alterations. Conclusions DNA methylation with consecutive phenotypic effect can be observed in a high number of promoter and gene body regions through CRC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4609-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary. .,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.,Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Andrea Szigeti
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Brigitta Nagy
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi str 46, Budapest, H-1088, Hungary
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ZIC1 acts a tumor suppressor in breast cancer by targeting survivin. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:937-948. [PMID: 29956756 PMCID: PMC6065452 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the tumor suppressive roles of zinc finger of the cerebellum 1 (ZIC1) in patients with malignant breast neoplasms and to examine the association between ZIC1 and survivin expression. For this purpose, 140 invasive breast cancer specimens, 1,075 RNA breast cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 6 human breast cancer cell lines and MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells were selected in order to compare the expression level of ZIC1 with that of survivin via immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Subsequently, the MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR3 cells with a lower ZIC1 expression were transfected with rLV-Zic1-PGK-Puro lentivirus or rLV-ZsGreen-PGK-Puro lentivirus in order to observe any alterations in cell proliferation and apoptosis through MTT assay, colony formation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay and flow cytometric analysis, and to analyze the modulation of molecular mechanisms by western blot analysis. In addition, xenograft mouse models were constructed to explore the role of ZIC1 in the growth of implanted tumors. The results revealed that ZIC1 negatively correlated with survivin in tumors and cells, and a higher ZIC1 RNA expression indicated a better overall survival in the 1,075 TCGA RNA breast cancer samples. In vitro, the overexpression of ZIC1 inhibited cell proliferation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted the apoptosis of the MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells by inactivating the Akt/mTOR/P70S6K pathway, suppressing survivin expression, modulating the cell cycle, releasing cytochrome c (Cyto-c) into the cytosol and activating caspase proteins. In vivo, an elevated ZIC1 expression suppressed the growth of implanted tumors and downregulated survivin expression in tumors. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that ZIC1 plays a tumor suppressive role in breast cancer, by targeting surviving, significantly downregulating its expression.
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Han W, Zhang C, Gao XJ, Wang HB, Chen F, Cao F, Hu YW, Ma J, Gu X, Ding HZ. Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of the Zinc Finger of the Cerebellum Family in Invasive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2018; 21:51-61. [PMID: 29628984 PMCID: PMC5880966 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2018.21.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Five members of the zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) family-ZIC1, ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC4, and ZIC5-have been shown to be involved in various carcinomas. Here, we aimed to explore the clinicopathologic and prognostic roles of ZIC family members in invasive breast cancer patients using immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Methods A total of 241 female invasive breast cancer patients who underwent radical mastectomy between 2009 and 2011 were enrolled. ZIC proteins in 241 pairs of breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry and the clinicopathologic roles of proteins were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were also used to analyze the prognostic value of the ZIC proteins. In addition, 12 pairs of fresh-frozen breast tumors and matched normal tissues were used in the western blotting analysis and RT-qPCR. Results Only ZIC1 expression in normal tissues was obviously higher than that in tumors (p<0.001). On multivariate analysis, ZIC1 expression (in overall survival analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.405, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.233-0.702, p=0.001; in disease-free survival analysis: HR, 0.395, 95% CI, 0.234-0.669, p=0.001) was identified as a prognostic indicator of invasive breast cancer. Conclusion ZIC1, but not the other proteins, was obviously decreased in breast tumors and associated with clinicopathologic factors. Thus, ZIC1 might be a novel indicator to predict the overall and disease-free survival of invasive breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Gao
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Hua-Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Luan First People's Hospital, Luan, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Yong-Wei Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Hou-Zhong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
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Houtmeyers R, Souopgui J, Tejpar S. Deregulation of ZIC Family Members in Oncogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1046:329-338. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7311-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Li H, Li D, Meng N. Effects of RUNX3 mediated Notch signaling pathway on biological characteristics of colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2059-2068. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Methylation Markers Associated with 3q Gain for Detection of Cervical Precancer and Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3813-3822. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Paluszczak J, Wiśniewska D, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Kiwerska K, Grénman R, Mielcarek-Kuchta D, Jarmuż-Szymczak M. Prognostic significance of the methylation of Wnt pathway antagonists-CXXC4, DACT2, and the inhibitors of sonic hedgehog signaling-ZIC1, ZIC4, and HHIP in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:1777-1788. [PMID: 27553089 PMCID: PMC5442212 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1946-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Aberrations in Wnt and Shh signaling pathways are related to the pathogenesis of head and neck carcinomas, and their activation frequently results from epigenetic alterations. This study aimed to assess the frequency of methylation of negative regulators of Wnt signaling: CXXC4, DACT2, HDPR1, and FBXW11 and Shh signaling: HHIP, PTCH1, SUFU, ZIC1, and ZIC4 and correlate it with clinicopathological features in this group of patients. Materials and methods Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect gene promoter methylation, and real-time PCR was used to assess gene expression level. Results The analysis of the occurrence of gene promoter methylation in head and neck carcinoma cell lines indicated that CXXC4, DACT2, HHIP, ZIC1, and ZIC4 are methylated in these tumors. These genes were further analyzed in tumor sections from oral and laryngeal cancer patients. Gene methylation rate was higher in laryngeal tumors. The methylation index in tumor samples correlated with the overall survival in a subgroup of oral cancer patients who died of the disease. Moreover, ZIC4 methylation correlated with lymph node involvement in oral cancer patients. Conclusions Our findings corroborate that the activation of Wnt signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is related to epigenetic silencing of its negative regulators. Moreover, the results indicate that the same mechanism of activation may operate in the case of Shh signaling. Clinical relevance The methylation of ZIC4 may be considered a new prognostic marker in oral cavity and oropharyngeal tumors. Further investigations should determine the diagnostic significance of methylation of ZIC4, HHIP, and DACT2 in head and neck carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Paluszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Wiśniewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Święcickiego 4, 60-781, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Kiwerska
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Reidar Grénman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniela Mielcarek-Kuchta
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Inaguma S, Ito H, Riku M, Ikeda H, Kasai K. Addiction of pancreatic cancer cells to zinc-finger transcription factor ZIC2. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28257-68. [PMID: 26318045 PMCID: PMC4695058 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of GLI transcription factors of Hedgehog signaling is key for various cancer cell properties, especially in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Zinc-finger transcriptional regulators ZIC1 to ZIC5 of ZIC gene family were demonstrated to associate with GLI to increase the nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of GLI. Notwithstanding this supportive role for GLI-dependent transcription, it was not fully understood whether ZIC plays an independent role in cancer cell biology. Here, we found that ZIC2 is indispensable in the regulation of PDAC cell apoptosis. We found that human PDAC cell lines uniquely express ZIC2. ZIC2 knockdown induced PDAC cell apoptosis; conversely, ZIC2 over-expression enhanced the cellular proliferation. Through a comprehensive screening, we identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and ANNEXIN A8 (ANXA8) as genes up-regulated by ZIC2 in PDAC cells. The forced expression of these two genes cooperatively rescued the apoptosis of ZIC2-knockdown cells. Immunohistochemical analyses further supported the correlation of ZIC2 expression and these genes in human pancreata harboring PDAC. Intriguingly, the ZIC2-mediated up-regulation of FGFR3 and ANXA8 was indicated to be GLI -independent. This evidence highlights the indispensable role of ZIC2 in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis during PDAC development and suggests a potential therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Nakakido M, Tamura K, Chung S, Ueda K, Fujii R, Kiyotani K, Nakamura Y. Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class X containing complex promotes cancer cell proliferation through suppression of EHD2 and ZIC1, putative tumor suppressors. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:868-76. [PMID: 27572108 PMCID: PMC4948962 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class X (PIGX), which plays a critical role in the biosynthetic pathway of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor motif, to be upregulated highly and frequently in breast cancer cells. Knockdown of PIGX as well as reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) and reticulocalbin 2 (RCN2), which we found to interact with PIGX and was indicated to regulate calcium-dependent activities, significantly suppressed the growth of breast cancer cells. We also identified PIGX to be a core protein in an RCN1/PIGX/RCN2 complex. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of two putative tumor suppressor genes, Zic family member 1 (ZIC1) and EH-domain containing 2 (EHD2), were upregulated commonly in cells in which PIGX, RCN1, or RCN2 was knocked down, suggesting that this RCN1/PIGX/RCN2 complex could negatively regulate the expression of these two genes and thereby contribute to human breast carcinogenesis. Our results imply that PIGX may be a good candidate molecule for development of novel anticancer drugs for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakakido
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenji Tamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Suyoun Chung
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Genome Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Genome Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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29
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Qiu X, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Zheng F. Aberrant methylation of TRIM58 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its potential clinical implication. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:811-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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30
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Ma G, Dai W, Sang A, Yang X, Li Q. Roles of ZIC family genes in human gastric cancer. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:259-66. [PMID: 27177248 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC)family genes, comprised of 5 members, which are vertebrate homologues of the Drosophila odd-paired gene and encode zinc-finger transcription factors, have been shown to be involved in various diseases, including cancer. However, the roles of ZICs in human gastric cancer (GC) have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of ZICs and determine their clinical significance in GC. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ZIC1-5 were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively using 60 pairs of human GC and matched normal mucosa tissues. The expression pattern and subcellular localization of ZIC1 in 160 pairs of human GC and matched normal mucosa tissues were verified by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the associations of ZIC1 expression with various clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis were evaluated. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ZIC1 were both found to be significantly decreased in the GC tissues compared to matched normal mucosa tissues (GC vs. normal, 2.15±0.69 vs. 4.28±0.95; P<0.001); however, ZIC2-5 expression exhibited no significant difference between the cancer and normal tissue samples. In addition, the downregulation of ZIC1 (ZIC1-low) was more frequently observed in the GC tissues with positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.006), an advanced TNM stage (P<0.001) and a great depth of invasion (P=0.01). Notably, a low ZIC1 expression was significantly associated with a poor disease-free and overall survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that ZIC1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for patients with GC. In conclusion, among the human ZIC family genes, the dysregulation of ZIC1, but not of ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC4 and ZIC5, may play a crucial role in the progression of GC. ZIC1 may thus serve as a novel molecular marker to predict the progression, survival and relapse of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Aiyu Sang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lianshui Third People's Hospital, Lianshui, Jiangsu 223411, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Qianjun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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Gu X, Liu Q, Yang N, Shen JF, Zhang XG, Cao F, Ding HZ. Clinicopathological significance of increased ZIC1 expression in human endometrial cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:898-903. [PMID: 26670443 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC1), one of ZIC family genes, has been shown to play important roles in many cancers such as gastric cancer and breast cancer. However, there is little known about the expression and significance of ZIC1 in endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern and clinicopathological significance of ZIC1 in endometrial cancer. The mRNA and protein expression of ZIC1 in endometrial cancer tissues was detected using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Immunostaining of ZIC1 in 99 endometrial cancer samples was examined and its associations with clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. Hec-1-B cells were transfected with ZIC1-shRNA or sc-shRNA, and cell proliferation was assayed. Hec-1-B cells stably transfected with ZIC1-shRNA or sc-shRNA were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice, and the tumor weight was measured. A significantly increased expression of ZIC1 mRNA and protein was observed in endometrial cancer tissues compared to that in normal endometrial tissues (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that strong cytoplasmic immunostaining of ZIC1 was observed in almost all endometrial cancer samples (90/99) while light and moderate immunostaining of ZIC1 was only detected in 17 of 30 (56.7%) normal tissues. Moreover, up-regulation of ZIC1 was significantly correlated with age, disease stage, TNM stage and FIGO stage (P<0.05). The down-regulated expression of ZIC1 contributed to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and inhibited the growth of tumor. It was concluded that ZIC1 is over-expressed in endometrial cancer tissue but not in normal tissue, and positively correlated to the malignant biological behavior of endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Jian-Fang Shen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Xue-Gang Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Kunshan First People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Hou-Zhong Ding
- Department of Surgery, the Affiliated Kunshan First People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, China.
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Xue M, Lai SC, Xu ZP, Wang LJ. Noninvasive DNA methylation biomarkers in colorectal cancer: A systematic review. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:699-712. [PMID: 26565661 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the current evidence on the biomarkers associated with DNA methylation in the screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS A literature search was conducted on the databases of PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles published from 1 January 2000 to 6 June 2015 with language striction. Stuides focusing on the association between noninvasive biomarkers indicating DNA methylation and CRC were included. RESULTS Altogether 74 studies were finally included in the study. Varied genetic markers in the feces and blood samples were hypermethylated in patients with CRC than in the healthy controls. Some of them could even be detected at the early stage of the tumors. The sensitivity of the genetic markers was superior to that of fecal occult blood test and carcinoembryonic antigen. Multitarget DNA assays using a combination of different methylated genes could improve the diagnostic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Genetic markers might be minimally invasive, economical and accurate for the screening and surveillance of CRC. Large multicenter studies evaluating these biomarkers systematically and prospectively not only in CRC but also in other types of cancers are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University
| | - San Chuan Lai
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University.,Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi Peng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Liang Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University
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Cacan E, Greer SF, Garnett-Benson C. Radiation-induced modulation of immunogenic genes in tumor cells is regulated by both histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2264-75. [PMID: 26458736 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment is a pivotal therapy for several cancer types, including colorectal cancer. It has been shown that sublethal doses of radiation modulate gene expression, making tumor cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated immune attack. We have recently shown that low dose radiation enhances expression of multiple death receptors (Fas, DR4 and DR5) and co-stimulatory molecules (4-1BBL and OX-40L) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells; however, it is unclear how ionizing radiation (IR) enhances expression of these molecules mechanistically. In the present study, we elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation controls expression of these molecules in CRC. Here we report that, enhanced expression of these genes following radiation treatment of CRC cells is due, in part, to changes in DNA methylation and histone acetylation. We observed that radiation (5 Gy) significantly increased histone acetylation at the promoter regions of 4-1BBL, Fas and DR5 but not OX-40L. However, radiation did not induce changes in the global levels of acetylated histone H3 suggesting specificity of IR-induced changes. Furthermore, evaluation of epigenetic controlling enzymes revealed that IR did not alter overall cellular levels of HDACs (HDAC1, HDAC2 or HDAC3) or DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, or DNMT3b). Instead, radiation decreased binding of HDAC2 and HDAC3 at the promoter regions of Fas and 4-1BBL, respectively. Radiation also resulted in reduced DNMT1 at both the Fas and 4-1BBL promoter regions but not a control gene. We conclude that single dose radiation can influence the expression of immune response relevant genes in colorectal tumor cells by altering the binding of epigenetic enzymes, and modulating histone acetylation, at specific gene promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Cacan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Susanna F Greer
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Villanueva A, Portela A, Sayols S, Battiston C, Hoshida Y, Méndez-González J, Imbeaud S, Letouzé E, Hernandez-Gea V, Cornella H, Pinyol R, Solé M, Fuster J, Zucman-Rossi J, Mazzaferro V, Esteller M, Llovet JM. DNA methylation-based prognosis and epidrivers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2015; 61:1945-56. [PMID: 25645722 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epigenetic deregulation has emerged as a driver in human malignancies. There is no clear understanding of the epigenetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and of the potential role of DNA methylation markers as prognostic biomarkers. Analysis of tumor tissue from 304 patients with HCC treated with surgical resection allowed us to generate a methylation-based prognostic signature using a training-validation scheme. Methylome profiling was done with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA), which covers 96% of known cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands and 485,000 CpG, and transcriptome profiling was performed with Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Plate (Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, CA) and miRNA Chip 2.0. Random survival forests enabled us to generate a methylation signature based on 36 methylation probes. We computed a risk score of mortality for each individual that accurately discriminated patient survival both in the training (221 patients; 47% hepatitis C-related HCC) and validation sets (n = 83; 47% alcohol-related HCC). This signature correlated with known predictors of poor outcome and retained independent prognostic capacity of survival along with multinodularity and platelet count. The subset of patients identified by this signature was enriched in the molecular subclass of proliferation with progenitor cell features. The study confirmed a high prevalence of genes known to be deregulated by aberrant methylation in HCC (e.g., Ras association [RalGDS/AF-6] domain family member 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, and adenomatous polyposis coli) and other solid tumors (e.g., NOTCH3) and describes potential candidate epidrivers (e.g., septin 9 and ephrin B2). CONCLUSIONS A validated signature of 36 DNA methylation markers accurately predicts poor survival in patients with HCC. Patients with this methylation profile harbor messenger RNA-based signatures indicating tumors with progenitor cell features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Villanueva
- Liver Cancer Research Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Portela
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sayols
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlo Battiston
- Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Research Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jesús Méndez-González
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Imbeaud
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes; Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Eric Letouzé
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Virginia Hernandez-Gea
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Cornella
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pinyol
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Solé
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Fuster
- Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, IUH, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes; Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-oncology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Mazzaferro
- Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Liver Cancer Research Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Barcelona-Clínic Liver Cancer Group (Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Liver Unit, Pathology Department, Surgery Department), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBEREHD, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Qiang W, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Liu W, Guan H, Lv S, Ji M, Shi B, Hou P. ZIC1 is a putative tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer by modulating major signaling pathways and transcription factor FOXO3a. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1163-72. [PMID: 24684457 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT ZIC1 has been reported to be overexpressed and plays an oncogenic role in some brain tumors, whereas it is inactivated by promoter hypermethylation and acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric and colorectal cancers. However, until now, its biological role in thyroid cancer remains totally unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to explore the biological functions and related molecular mechanism of ZIC1 in thyroid carcinogenesis. SETTING AND DESIGN Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate mRNA expression of investigated genes. Methylation-specific PCR was used to analyze promoter methylation of the ZIC1 gene. The functions of ectopic ZIC1 expression in thyroid cancer cells were determined by cell proliferation and colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis, as well as cell migration and invasion assays. RESULTS ZIC1 was frequently down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in both primary thyroid cancer tissues and thyroid cancer cell lines. Moreover, our data showed that ZIC1 hypermethylation was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Notably, restoration of ZIC1 expression in thyroid cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking the activities of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathways, and enhancing FOXO3a transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that ZIC1 is frequently inactivated by promoter hypermethyaltion and functions as a tumor suppressor in thyroid cancer through modulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways and transcription factor FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Department of Endocrinology (W.Q., Q.Y., W.L., S.L., B.S., P.H.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Gerontology (Y.Z.), Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (H.G.), The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; and Center for Translational Medicine (M.J.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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Wang YY, Jiang JX, Ma H, Han J, Sun ZY, Liu ZM, Xu ZG. Role of ZIC1 methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:7429-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Xue M, Fang Y, Sun G, Zhuo W, Zhong J, Qian C, Wang L, Wang L, Si J, Chen S. IGFBP3, a transcriptional target of homeobox D10, is correlated with the prognosis of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81423. [PMID: 24386080 PMCID: PMC3873913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox D10 (HoxD10) plays important roles in the differentiation of embryonic cells and progression of breast cancer. Our previous report revealed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) was regulated by HoxD10 in gastric cancer cells; however, the functional roles and underlying mechanisms of IGFBP3 in gastric cancer remain unclear. Here, we found that the expression of IGFBP3 were upregulated after ectopic expression of HoxD10 in gastric cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that HoxD10 bound to three potential regions of IGFBP3 promoter. Exogenous HoxD10 significantly enhanced the activity of luciferase reporter containing these binding regions in gastric cancer cells. Further data showed that all of these binding sites had Hox binding element “TTAT”. Immunohistochemical staining results revealed that IGFBP3 expression was significantly downregulated in 86 gastric adenocarcinomas tissues relative to their adjacent non-cancerous tissues (p<0.001). Moreover, IGFBP3 expression was significantly lower in gastric tumor with lymph node metastasis compared with that without lymph node metastasis (p=0.045). Patients with high expression level of IGFBP3 showed favorable 5 year overall survival (p=0.011). Knockdown of IGFBP3 accelerated gastric cancer cell migration and invasion and induced the expression of invasive factors including MMP14, uPA and uPAR. Thus, our data suggest that HoxD10-targeted gene IGFBP3 may suppress gastric cancer cell invasion and favors the survival of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanfei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoming Sun
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuijuan Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Runrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: ;
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Genomewide DNA methylation analysis identifies novel methylated genes in non-small-cell lung carcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:562-73. [PMID: 23524404 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182863ed2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is part of the epigenetic regulatory mechanism present in all normal cells. It is tissue-specific and stably maintained throughout development, but often abnormally changed in cancer. Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most deadly type of cancer, involving different tumor subtypes. This heterogeneity is a challenge for correct diagnosis and patient treatment. The stability and specificity make of DNA methylation a very suitable marker for epigenetic phenotyping of tumors. METHODS To identify candidate markers for use in NSCLC diagnosis, we used genomewide DNA methylation maps that we had previously generated by MethylCap and next-generation sequencing and listed the most significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The 25 DMRs with highest significance in their methylation scores were selected. The methylation status of these DMRs was investigated in 61 tumors and matching control lung tissues by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We found 12 novel DMRs that showed significant differences between tumor and control lung tissues. We also identified three novel DMRs for each of the two most common NSCLC subtypes, adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. We propose a panel of five DMRs, composed of novel and known markers that exhibit high specificity and sensitivity to distinguish tumors from control lung tissues. CONCLUSION Novel markers will aid the development of a highly specific epigenetic panel for accurate identification and subtyping of NSCLC tumors.
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Deng CL, Xu H, Xie M, Zou WJ, Zhou SR. Clinical significance of expression of ZIC1 and P130 in cholangiocarcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:4024-4029. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i35.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of zicfamilymember1 (ZIC1) and P130 in cholangiocarcinoma and their correlation with the biological behavior of cholangiocarcinoma.
METHODS: The protein expression of ZIC1 and P130 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 43 cases of cholangiocarcinoma and 20 cases of normal bile duct tissue.
RESULTS: The positive rate of ZIC1 expression was significantly higher in cholangiocarcinoma than in normal bile duct tissue (53.49% vs 25.00%, P < 0.05). The positive rate of P130 expression in cholangiocarcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal bile duct tissue (55.81 vs 85.00%, P < 0.05). The expression of ZIC1 and P130 protein was related to pathological grade and neoplasm metastasis (both P < 0.05), but not to sex or Nevin stage (both P > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between ZIC1 and P130 expression (r = -0.360, P < 0.05) in cholangiocarcinoma. The expression of ZIC1 and P130 proteins was related to the 3-year survival rate (both P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The abnormal expression of ZIC1 and P130 proteins may be involved in the development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma.
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Yang J, Yu H, Liu BH, Zhao Z, Liu L, Ma LX, Li YX, Li YY. DCGL v2.0: an R package for unveiling differential regulation from differential co-expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79729. [PMID: 24278165 PMCID: PMC3835854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Differential co-expression analysis (DCEA) has emerged in recent years as a novel, systematic investigation into gene expression data. While most DCEA studies or tools focus on the co-expression relationships among genes, some are developing a potentially more promising research domain, differential regulation analysis (DRA). In our previously proposed R package DCGL v1.0, we provided functions to facilitate basic differential co-expression analyses; however, the output from DCGL v1.0 could not be translated into differential regulation mechanisms in a straightforward manner. Results To advance from DCEA to DRA, we upgraded the DCGL package from v1.0 to v2.0. A new module named “Differential Regulation Analysis” (DRA) was designed, which consists of three major functions: DRsort, DRplot, and DRrank. DRsort selects differentially regulated genes (DRGs) and differentially regulated links (DRLs) according to the transcription factor (TF)-to-target information. DRrank prioritizes the TFs in terms of their potential relevance to the phenotype of interest. DRplot graphically visualizes differentially co-expressed links (DCLs) and/or TF-to-target links in a network context. In addition to these new modules, we streamlined the codes from v1.0. The evaluation results proved that our differential regulation analysis is able to capture the regulators relevant to the biological subject. Conclusions With ample functions to facilitate differential regulation analysis, DCGL v2.0 was upgraded from a DCEA tool to a DRA tool, which may unveil the underlying differential regulation from the observed differential co-expression. DCGL v2.0 can be applied to a wide range of gene expression data in order to systematically identify novel regulators that have not yet been documented as critical. Availability DCGL v2.0 package is available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DCGL/index.html or at our project home page http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/main/en/dcgl.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Departments of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- Bioinformatics Center, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YYL); (YXL)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (YYL); (YXL)
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Schneider BG, Piazuelo MB, Sicinschi LA, Mera R, Peng DF, Roa JC, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, de Sablet T, Bravo LE, Wilson KT, El-Rifai W, Peek Jr RM, Correa P. Virulence of infecting Helicobacter pylori strains and intensity of mononuclear cell infiltration are associated with levels of DNA hypermethylation in gastric mucosae. Epigenetics 2013; 8:1153-61. [PMID: 24128875 PMCID: PMC3927747 DOI: 10.4161/epi.26072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation changes are known to occur in gastric cancers and in premalignant lesions of the gastric mucosae. In order to examine variables associated with methylation levels, we quantitatively evaluated DNA methylation in tumors, non-tumor gastric mucosae, and in gastric biopsies at promoters of 5 genes with methylation alterations that discriminate gastric cancers from non-tumor epithelia (EN1, PCDH10, RSPO2, ZIC1, and ZNF610). Among Colombian subjects at high and low risk for gastric cancer, biopsies from subjects from the high-risk region had significantly higher levels of methylation at these 5 genes than samples from subjects in the low risk region (p ≤ 0.003). When results were stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection status, infection with a cagA positive, vacA s1m1 strain was significantly associated with highest methylation levels, compared with other strains (p = 0.024 to 0.001). More severe gastric inflammation and more advanced precancerous lesions were also associated with higher levels of DNA methylation (p ≤ 0.001). In a multivariate model, location of residence of the subject and the presence of cagA and vacA s1m1 in the H. pylori strain were independent variables associated with higher methylation in all 5 genes. High levels of mononuclear cell infiltration were significantly related to methylation in PCDH10, RSPO2, and ZIC1 genes. These results indicate that for these genes, levels of methylation in precancerous lesions are related to H. pylori virulence, geographic region and measures of chronic inflammation. These genes seem predisposed to sustain significant quantitative changes in DNA methylation at early stages of the gastric precancerous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G Schneider
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Liviu A Sicinschi
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Holmes Regional Medical Center; Melbourne, FL USA
| | - Robertino Mera
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Dun-Fa Peng
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Thibaut de Sablet
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Luis E Bravo
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; Universidad del Valle; Cali, Colombia
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System and Office of Medical Research; Department of Veterans Affairs; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Richard M Peek Jr
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
| | - Pelayo Correa
- Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Medicine; Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville, TN USA
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ZIC1 Is Silenced and Has Tumor Suppressor Function in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2013; 8:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182a0840a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rodríguez-Rodero S, Fernández AF, Fernández-Morera JL, Castro-Santos P, Bayon GF, Ferrero C, Urdinguio RG, Gonzalez-Marquez R, Suarez C, Fernández-Vega I, Fresno Forcelledo MF, Martínez-Camblor P, Mancikova V, Castelblanco E, Perez M, Marrón PI, Mendiola M, Hardisson D, Santisteban P, Riesco-Eizaguirre G, Matías-Guiu X, Carnero A, Robledo M, Delgado-Álvarez E, Menéndez-Torre E, Fraga MF. DNA methylation signatures identify biologically distinct thyroid cancer subtypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2811-21. [PMID: 23666970 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the global patterns of aberrant DNA methylation in thyroid cancer. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have used DNA methylation arrays to determine, for the first time, the genome-wide promoter methylation status of papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid tumors. RESULTS We identified 262 and 352 hypermethylated and 13 and 21 hypomethylated genes in differentiated papillary and follicular tumors, respectively. Interestingly, the other tumor types analyzed displayed more hypomethylated genes (280 in anaplastic and 393 in medullary tumors) than aberrantly hypermethylated genes (86 in anaplastic and 131 in medullary tumors). Among the genes indentified, we show that 4 potential tumor suppressor genes (ADAMTS8, HOXB4, ZIC1, and KISS1R) and 4 potential oncogenes (INSL4, DPPA2, TCL1B, and NOTCH4) are frequently regulated by aberrant methylation in primary thyroid tumors. In addition, we show that aberrant promoter hypomethylation-associated overexpression of MAP17 might promote tumor growth in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid cancer subtypes present differential promoter methylation signatures, and nondifferentiated subtypes are characterized by aberrant promoter hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Additional studies are needed to determine the potential clinical interest of the tumor subtype-specific DNA methylation signatures described herein and the role of aberrant promoter hypomethylation in nondifferentiated thyroid tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/pathology
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/metabolism
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic
- Thyroid Gland/metabolism
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Tissue Banks
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rodríguez-Rodero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Loss of DOK2 induces carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via suppression of apoptosis. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 130:369-76. [PMID: 23684582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancers are highly heterogeneous and while chemotherapy is the preferred treatment many patients are intrinsically resistant or quickly develop resistance. Furthermore, all tumors that recur ultimately become resistant. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic deregulation may be a key factor in the onset and maintenance of chemoresistance. We set out to identify epigenetically silenced genes that affect chemoresistance. METHODS The epigenomes of a total of 45 ovarian samples were analyzed to identify epigenetically altered genes that segregate with platinum response, and further filtered with expression data to identify genes that were suppressed. A tissue culture carboplatin resistance screen was utilized to functionally validate this set of candidate platinum resistance genes. RESULTS Our screen correctly identified 19 genes that when suppressed altered the chemoresistance of the cells in culture. Of the genes identified in the screen we further characterized one gene, docking protein 2 (DOK2), an adapter protein downstream of tyrosine kinase, to determine if we could elucidate the mechanism by which it increased resistance. The loss of DOK2 decreased the level of apoptosis in response to carboplatin. Furthermore, in cells with reduced DOK2, the level of anoikis was decreased. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a screening methodology that analyzes the epigenome and informatically identifies candidate genes followed by in vitro culture screening of the candidate genes. To validate our screening methodology we further characterized one candidate gene, DOK2, and showed that loss of DOK2 induces chemotherapy resistance by decreasing the level of apoptosis in response to treatment.
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Huang RL, Gu F, Kirma NB, Ruan J, Chen CL, Wang HC, Liao YP, Chang CC, Yu MH, Pilrose JM, Thompson IM, Huang HC, Huang THM, Lai HC, Nephew KP. Comprehensive methylome analysis of ovarian tumors reveals hedgehog signaling pathway regulators as prognostic DNA methylation biomarkers. Epigenetics 2013; 8:624-34. [PMID: 23774800 PMCID: PMC3857342 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with advanced stage ovarian cancer (OC) have a five-year survival rate of less than 25%. OC progression is associated with accumulation of epigenetic alterations and aberrant DNA methylation in gene promoters acts as an inactivating ?hit? during OC initiation and progression. Abnormal DNA methylation in OC has been used to predict disease outcome and therapy response. To globally examine DNA methylation in OC, we used next-generation sequencing technology, MethylCap-sequencing, to screen 75 malignant and 26 normal or benign ovarian tissues. Differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) were identified, and the Kaplan?Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to correlate methylation with clinical endpoints. Functional role of specific genes identified by MethylCap-sequencing was examined in in vitro assays. We identified 577 DMRs that distinguished (p < 0.001) malignant from non-malignant ovarian tissues; of these, 63 DMRs correlated (p < 0.001) with poor progression free survival (PFS). Concordant hypermethylation and corresponding gene silencing of sonic hedgehog pathway members ZIC1 and ZIC4 in OC tumors was confirmed in a panel of OC cell lines, and ZIC1 and ZIC4 repression correlated with increased proliferation, migration and invasion. ZIC1 promoter hypermethylation correlated (p < 0.01) with poor PFS. In summary, we identified functional DNA methylation biomarkers significantly associated with clinical outcome in OC and suggest our comprehensive methylome analysis has significant translational potential for guiding the design of future clinical investigations targeting the OC epigenome. Methylation of ZIC1, a putative tumor suppressor, may be a novel determinant of OC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center; Taiwan, Republic of China; Laboratory of Epigenetics; Cancer Stem Cells; National Defense Medical Center; Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Biomedical Informatics of National Yang-Ming University at Taipei; Taiwan, Republic of China
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You BR, Park WH. Zebularine inhibits the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:847-57. [PMID: 23661569 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Zebularine (Zeb) is a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor to that has an anti-tumor effect. Here, we evaluated the anti-growth effect of Zeb on A549 lung cancer cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Zeb inhibited the growth of A549 cells with an IC50 of approximately 70 µM at 72 h. Cell cycle analysis indicated that Zeb induced an S phase arrest in A549 cells. Zeb also induced A549 cell death, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨm ), Bcl-2 decrease, Bax increase, p53 increase and activation of caspase-3 and -8. In contrast, Zeb mildly inhibited the growth of human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) normal cells and lead to a G1 phase arrest. Zeb did not induce apoptosis in HPF cells. In relation to ROS level, Zeb increased ROS level in A549 cells and induced glutathione (GSH) depletion. The well-known antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented the death of Zeb-treated A549 cells. Moreover, Zeb increased the level of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in A549 cells. While the overexpression of TrxR1 attenuated death and ROS level in Zeb-treated A549 cells, the downregulation of TrxR1 intensified death and ROS level in these cells. In conclusion, Zeb inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The inhibition was influenced by ROS and TrxR1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Zebularine-induced apoptosis in Calu-6 lung cancer cells is influenced by ROS and GSH level changes. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Nakamura K, Aizawa K, Nakabayashi K, Kato N, Yamauchi J, Hata K, Tanoue A. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine inhibits human hepatic carcinoma cells proliferation and induces apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54036. [PMID: 23320119 PMCID: PMC3540068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. During tumorigenesis, tumor suppressor and cancer-related genes are commonly silenced by aberrant DNA methylation in their promoter regions. Zebularine (1-(β-(D)-ribofuranosyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one) acts as an inhibitor of DNA methylation and exhibits chemical stability and minimal cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we explore the effect and possible mechanism of action of zebularine on hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. We demonstrate that zebularine exhibits antitumor activity on HepG2 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis, however, it has little effect on DNA methylation in HepG2 cells. On the other hand, zebularine treatment downregulated CDK2 and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb), and upregulated p21(WAF/CIP1) and p53. We also found that zebularine treatment upregulated the phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results suggest that the p44/42 MAPK pathway plays a role in zebularine-induced cell-cycle arrest by regulating the activity of p21(WAF/CIP1) and Rb. Furthermore, although the proapoptotic protein Bax levels were not affected, the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 level was downregulated with zebularine treatment. In addition, the data in the present study indicate that inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is involved in inducing apoptosis with zebularine. These results suggest a novel mechanism of zebularine-induced cell growth arrest and apoptosis via a DNA methylation-independent pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhong J, Chen S, Xue M, Du Q, Cai J, Jin H, Si J, Wang L. ZIC1 modulates cell-cycle distributions and cell migration through regulation of sonic hedgehog, PI(3)K and MAPK signaling pathways in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:290. [PMID: 22799764 PMCID: PMC3411411 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ZIC1, a vital transcription factor with zinc finger domains, has been implicated in the process of neural development. We previously showed that ZIC1 may function as a tumour suppressor in gastrointestinal cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ZIC1 participation in tumour progression remains unknown. Methods The role of ZIC1 on cell proliferation and migration was examined. The regulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways after ectopic expression of ZIC1 in gastric cancer cells were evaluated. Results Overexpression of ZIC1 contributes to the inhibition of cell proliferation migration and cell-cycle distribution in gastric cancer. The modulation of G1/S checkpoint by ZIC1 is mainly mediated through the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (p21 Waf1/Cip1, p27 Kip1 and cyclin D1). In addition, ZIC1 can inactivate the level of phospholated Akt and Erk1/2, and transcriptionally regulate sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, thus leading to regulate the expression of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and cyclin D1. Finally, we have systemically identified ZIC1 downstream targets by cDNA microarray analysis and revealed that 132 genes are down-regulated and 66 genes are up-regulated after transfection with ZIC1 in gastric cancer cells. These candidate genes play critical roles in cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell motility. Conclusions Overexpression of ZIC1 results in inactivation of Shh, PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as regulation of multiple downstream targets which are essential for the development and progression of gastric cancer. ZIC1 serves as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
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