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Gkimprixi E, Lagos S, Nikolaou CN, Karpouzas DG, Tsikou D. Veterinary drug albendazole inhibits root colonization and symbiotic function of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad048. [PMID: 37156498 PMCID: PMC10696295 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant symbionts that have a pivotal role in maintaining soil fertility and nutrient cycling. However, these microsymbionts may be exposed to organic pollutants like pesticides or veterinary drugs known to occur in agricultural soils. Anthelminthics are veterinary drugs that reach soils through the application of contaminated manures in agricultural settings. Their presence might threaten the function of AMF, considered as sensitive indicators of the toxicity of agrochemicals to the soil microbiota. We determined the impact of the anthelminthic compounds albendazole and ivermectin on the establishment and functionality of the symbiosis between the model-legume Lotus japonicus and the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis. Our analyses revealed negative effects of albendazole on the development and functionality of arbuscules, the symbiotic organelle of AMF, at a concentration of 0.75 μg g-1. The impairment of the symbiotic function was verified by the reduced expression of genes SbtM1, PT4 and AMT2;2 involved in arbuscules formation, P and N uptake, and the lower phosphorus shoot content detected in the albendazole-treated plants. Our results provide first evidence for the toxicity of albendazole on the colonization capacity and function of R. irregularis at concentrations that may occur in agricultural soils systematically amended with drug-containing manures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Gkimprixi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stathis Lagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christina N Nikolaou
- Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Pesticides Xenobiotics in Soil Ecosystem and Their Remediation Approaches. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the rapid rise in the human population has increased the crop production, resulting in increased pesticide xenobiotics. Despite the fact that pesticide xenobiotics toxify the soil environment and ecosystem, synthetic pesticides have increased agricultural yields and reduced disease vectors. Pesticide use has increased, resulting in an increase in environmental pollution. Various methods of controlling and eliminating these contaminants have been proposed to address this issue. Pesticide impurity in the climate presents a genuine danger to individuals and other oceanic and earthly life. If not controlled, the pollution can prompt difficult issues for the climate. Some viable and cost-effective alternative approaches are needed to maintain this emission level at a low level. Phytoremediation and microbial remediation are effective methods for removing acaricide scrapings from the atmosphere using plants and organisms. This review gives an overview of different types of xenobiotics, how they get into the environment, and how the remediation of pesticides has progressed. It focuses on simple procedures that can be used in many countries. In addition, we have talked about the benefits and drawbacks of natural remediation methods.
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Bhantana P, Rana MS, Sun XC, Moussa MG, Saleem MH, Syaifudin M, Shah A, Poudel A, Pun AB, Bhat MA, Mandal DL, Shah S, Zhihao D, Tan Q, Hu CX. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and its major role in plant growth, zinc nutrition, phosphorous regulation and phytoremediation. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Productivity and quality of horticultural crops through co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting bacteria. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126569. [PMID: 32771873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Associations between plants and microorganisms exist in nature, and they can either be beneficial or detrimental to host plants. Promoting beneficial plant-microbe interaction for increased crop yield and quality is one pathway to eco-friendly and sustainable crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are microorganisms that are beneficial to horticultural crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi establish symbioses with plant roots which help to improve nutrient uptake by the host plant and alter its physiology to withstand external abiotic factors and pathogens. Plant growth promoting bacteria promote plant growth either directly by aiding resource acquisition and controlling the levels of plant hormones or indirectly by reducing the inhibitory effects of phytopathogens. Co-inoculation of both organisms combines the benefits of each for increased crop productivity. Even though the co-inoculation of PGPB and AMF have been shown to enhance the yield and quality of crops, its benefits have fully not been exploited for horticultural crops. In this review, the response of horticultural crops to co-inoculation with PGPB and AMF with particular interest to the impact on the yield and crop quality was discussed. We explained some of the mechanisms responsible for the synergy between AMF and PGPB in plant growth promotion. Finally, suggestions on areas that need to be researched further to exploit and improve the effects of these organisms were highlighted.
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Hassani D, Khalid M, Huang D, Zhang YD. Morphophysiological and molecular evidence supporting the augmentative role of Piriformospora indica in mitigation of salinity in Cucumis melo L. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:301-312. [PMID: 30883647 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major limiting factors in plant growth and productivity. Cucumis melo L. is a widely cultivated plant, but its productivity is significantly influenced by the level of salinity in soil. Symbiotic colonization of plants with Piriformospora indica has shown a promotion in plants growth and tolerance against biotic stress. In this study, physiological markers such as ion analysis, antioxidant determination, proline content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll measurement were assessed in melon cultivar under two concentrations (100 and 200 mM) of NaCl with and without P. indica inoculation. Results showed that the endophytic inoculation consistently upregulated the level of antioxidants, enhanced plants to antagonize salinity stress. The expression level of an RNA editing factor (SLO2) which is known to participate in mitochondria electron transport chain was analyzed, and its full mRNA sequence was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Under salinity stress, the expression level of SLO2 was increased, enhancing the plant's capability to adapt to the stress. However, P. indica inoculation further elevated the expression level of SLO2. These findings suggested that the symbiotic association of fungi could help the plants to tolerate the salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Hassani
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Dong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Wang F, Jing X, Adams CA, Shi Z, Sun Y. Decreased ZnO nanoparticle phytotoxicity to maize by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and organic phosphorus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23736-23747. [PMID: 29876848 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) are applied in a wide variety of applications and frequently accumulate in the environment, thus posing risks to the environment and human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (AMF) associate symbiotically with roots of most higher plants, helping their host plants acquire phosphorus (P). AMF can reduce the toxicity of ZnO NPs, but the benefits of AMF to host plants highly vary with soil available P. We hypothesize that organic P may help AMF to alleviate ZnO NP phytotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effects of inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae on plant growth and Zn accumulation, using maize grown in soil-sand mix substrates spiked with ZnO NPs (0 or 500 mg kg-1) under different organic P supply levels (0, 20, or 50 mg kg-1). The results showed addition of ZnO NPs inhibited root colonization rate, increased the shoot/root P concentration ratio, and led to significant Zn accumulation in soil and plants. As predicted, AM effects on maize plants all varied with P supply levels, both with or without ZnO NP additions. Organic P interacted synergistically with AMF to promote plant growth and acquisition of P, N, K, Fe, and Cu. AM inoculation reduced the bioavailable Zn released from ZnO NPs and decreased the concentrations and translocation of Zn to maize shoots. In conclusion, ZnO NPs caused excess Zn in soil and plants, posing potential environmental risks. However, our present results first demonstrate that organic P exhibited similar positive effects to AMF and interacted synergistically with AMF to improve plant growth and nutrition, and to decrease Zn accumulation and partitioning in plants, and thus helped diminish the adverse effects induced by ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Catharine A Adams
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Guo LD. Presidential address: recent advance of mycorrhizal research in China. Mycology 2018; 9:1-6. [PMID: 30123654 PMCID: PMC6059154 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1437838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
I am honoured to address as the seventh president of the Mycological Society of China. Mycorrhizal research has a long history in China, including taxonomy, diversity, ecology, molecular biology, and application. Particularly in the past four decades, great progress in mycorrhizal field has been made by Chinese mycologists and ecologists. In this paper, through my own experience, I summarised the main and important advance of recent mycorrhizal researches in terms of mycorrhizal fungal diversity, community, responses to global environmental changes, molecular biology, and function in China. Some perspectives are also proposed for future mycorrhizal studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Life Sciences of College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dai M, Bainard LD, Hamel C, Gan Y, Lynch D. Impact of land use on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in rural Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:6719-29. [PMID: 23995929 PMCID: PMC3811508 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01333-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of land use on soil bio-resources is largely unknown. We examined the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wheat-growing cropland, natural areas, and seminatural areas along roads. We sampled the Canadian prairie extensively (317 sites) and sampled 20 sites in the Atlantic maritime ecozone for comparison. The proportions of the different AM fungal taxa in the communities found at these sites varied with land use type and ecozones, based on pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) amplicons, but the lists of AM fungal taxa obtained from the different land use types and ecozones were very similar. In the prairie, the Glomeraceae family was the most abundant and diverse family of Glomeromycota, followed by the Claroideoglomeraceae, but in the Atlantic maritime ecozone, the Claroideoglomeraceae family was most abundant. In the prairie, species richness and Shannon's diversity index were highest in roadsides, whereas cropland had a higher degree of species richness than roadsides in the Atlantic maritime ecozone. The frequencies of occurrence of the different AM fungal taxa in croplands in the prairie and Atlantic maritime ecozones were highly correlated, but the AM fungal communities in these ecozones had different structures. We conclude that the AM fungal resources of soils are resilient to disturbance and that the richness of AM fungi under cropland management has been maintained, despite evidence of a structural shift imposed by this type of land use. Roadsides in the Canadian prairie are a good repository for the conservation of AM fungal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Dai
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Luke D. Bainard
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Chantal Hamel
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yantai Gan
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Derek Lynch
- Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Impact of land use on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in rural Canada. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013. [PMID: 23995929 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01333‐13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of land use on soil bio-resources is largely unknown. We examined the communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wheat-growing cropland, natural areas, and seminatural areas along roads. We sampled the Canadian prairie extensively (317 sites) and sampled 20 sites in the Atlantic maritime ecozone for comparison. The proportions of the different AM fungal taxa in the communities found at these sites varied with land use type and ecozones, based on pyrosequencing of 18S rRNA gene (rDNA) amplicons, but the lists of AM fungal taxa obtained from the different land use types and ecozones were very similar. In the prairie, the Glomeraceae family was the most abundant and diverse family of Glomeromycota, followed by the Claroideoglomeraceae, but in the Atlantic maritime ecozone, the Claroideoglomeraceae family was most abundant. In the prairie, species richness and Shannon's diversity index were highest in roadsides, whereas cropland had a higher degree of species richness than roadsides in the Atlantic maritime ecozone. The frequencies of occurrence of the different AM fungal taxa in croplands in the prairie and Atlantic maritime ecozones were highly correlated, but the AM fungal communities in these ecozones had different structures. We conclude that the AM fungal resources of soils are resilient to disturbance and that the richness of AM fungi under cropland management has been maintained, despite evidence of a structural shift imposed by this type of land use. Roadsides in the Canadian prairie are a good repository for the conservation of AM fungal diversity.
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Wang FY, Shi ZY, Xu XF, Wang XG, Li YJ. Contribution of AM inoculation and cattle manure to lead and cadmium phytoremediation by tobacco plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:794-801. [PMID: 23407649 DOI: 10.1039/c3em30937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead and cadmium are both highly toxic pollutants and pose potential risks to the environment and human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation and organic amendments may make a potential contribution to phytoremediation of these toxic metals, but their effects remain unclear. We conducted a pot culture experiment to study the contribution of AM inoculation and/or cattle manure to phytoremediation of two soils artificially polluted with 0, 350, 500 and 1000 mg Pb per kg soil or 0, 1, 10, 100 mg Cd per kg soil using tobacco plants. Results showed that AM colonization was greatly reduced when exposed to more heavy metals especially Cd, whereas organic amendment alleviated metal stress and showed protective effects. In general, AM inoculation and cattle manure, singly or in combination, all significantly increased tobacco growth and Pb and Cd accumulation in shoots and roots, while decreased DTPA-extractable Pb and Cd concentrations in soil, and combination treatments (MN) produced the most pronounced positive effects. Improved plant P nutrition, higher soil pH and lower available metal concentrations contributed by AM inoculation and/or organic amendment may be the main strategies to alleviate metal toxicity and enhance phytoremediation efficiency. Our results indicate that AM fungi and organic manure play a synergistic positive role both in phytoextraction and phytostabilization of Cd and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Yuan Wang
- Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471003, PR China.
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Albrechtova J, Latr A, Nedorost L, Pokluda R, Posta K, Vosatka M. Dual inoculation with mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi applicable in sustainable cultivation improves the yield and nutritive value of onion. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:374091. [PMID: 22666113 PMCID: PMC3361196 DOI: 10.1100/2012/374091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to test the use of dual microbial inoculation with mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in onion cultivation to enhance yield while maintaining or improving the nutritional quality of onion bulbs. Treatments were two-factorial: (1) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): the mix corresponding to fungal part of commercial product Symbivit (Glomus etunicatum, G. microaggregatum, G. intraradices, G. claroideum, G. mosseae, and G. geosporum) (M1) or the single-fungus inoculum of G. intraradices BEG140 (M2) and (2) bark chips preinoculated with saprotrophic fungi (mix of Gymnopilus sp., Agrocybe praecox, and Marasmius androsaceus) (S). The growth response of onion was the highest for the M1 mix treatment, reaching nearly 100% increase in bulb fresh weight. The effectiveness of dual inoculation was proved by more than 50% increase. We observed a strong correlation (r = 0.83) between the growth response of onion bulbs and AM colonization. All inoculation treatments but the single-fungus one enhanced significantly the total antioxidant capacity of bulb biomass, was the highest values being found for M1, S + M1, and S + M2. We observed some induced enhancement of the contents of mineral elements in bulb tissue (Mg and K contents for the M2 and M2, S, and S + M2 treatments, resp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Albrechtova
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 12844 Vinicna 5, Czech Republic.
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Salvioli A, Zouari I, Chalot M, Bonfante P. The arbuscular mycorrhizal status has an impact on the transcriptome profile and amino acid composition of tomato fruit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:44. [PMID: 22452950 PMCID: PMC3362744 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the most widespread association between plant roots and fungi in natural and agricultural ecosystems. This work investigated the influence of mycorrhization on the economically relevant part of the tomato plant, by analyzing its impact on the physiology of the fruit. To this aim, a combination of phenological observations, transcriptomics (Microarrays and qRT-PCR) and biochemical analyses was used to unravel the changes that occur on fruits from Micro-Tom tomato plants colonized by the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. RESULTS Mycorrhization accelerated the flowering and fruit development and increased the fruit yield. Eleven transcripts were differentially regulated in the fruit upon mycorrhization, and the mycorrhiza-responsive genes resulted to be involved in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in regulation and signal transduction. Mycorrhization has increased the amino acid abundance in the fruit from mycorrhizal plants, with glutamine and asparagine being the most responsive amino acids. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results offer novel data on the systemic changes that are induced by the establishment of AM symbiosis in the plant, and confirm the work hypothesis that AM fungi may extend their influence from the root to the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Salvioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino and IPP-CNR, viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Inès Zouari
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino and IPP-CNR, viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Michel Chalot
- Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, UMR INRA/UHP 1136 Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, BP 239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino and IPP-CNR, viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
- IPP-CNR, viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Dai M, Hamel C, St. Arnaud M, He Y, Grant C, Lupwayi N, Janzen H, Malhi SS, Yang X, Zhou Z. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi assemblages in Chernozem great groups revealed by massively parallel pyrosequencing. Can J Microbiol 2012; 58:81-92. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal resources present in wheat fields of the Canadian Prairie were explored using 454 pyrosequencing. Of the 33 dominant AM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in the 76 wheat fields surveyed at anthesis in 2009, 14 clustered as Funneliformis – Rhizophagus, 16 as Claroideoglomus, and 3 as Diversisporales. An OTU of Funneliformis mosseae and one OTU of Diversisporales each accounted for approximately 16% of all AM fungal OTUs. The former was ubiquitous, and the latter was mainly restricted to the Black and Dark Brown Chernozems. AM fungal OTU community composition was better explained by the Chernozem great groups (P = 0.044) than by measured soil properties. Fifty-two percent of the AM fungal OTUs were unrelated to measured soil properties. Black Chernozems hosted the largest AM fungal OTU diversity and almost twice the number of AM fungal sequences seen in Dark Brown Chernozems, the great group ranking second for AM fungal sequence abundance. Brown Chernozems hosted the lowest AM fungal abundance and an AM fungal diversity as low as that seen in Gray soils. We concluded that Black Chernozems are most conducive to AM fungal proliferation. AM fungi are generally distributed according to Chernozem great groups in the Canadian Prairie, although some taxa are evenly distributed in all soil groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Dai
- College of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Chantal Hamel
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
- Box 1030, 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Marc St. Arnaud
- Land Resource, AAFC, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Yong He
- Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), 1 Airport Road, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Cynthia Grant
- Brandon Research Centre, AAFC, 18th Street and Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada
| | - Newton Lupwayi
- Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, 5403 1 Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Henry Janzen
- Lethbridge Research Centre, AAFC, 5403 1 Avenue S, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Sukhdev S. Malhi
- Melfort Research Centre, AAFC, P.O. Box 1240, Melfort, SK S0E 1A0, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- College of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticultural and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, People’s Republic of China
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