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Minigaliyeva IA, Klinova SV, Sutunkova MP, Ryabova YV, Valamina IE, Shelomentsev IG, Shtin TN, Bushueva TV, Protsenko YL, Balakin AA, Lisin RV, Kuznetsov DA, Katsnelson BA, Toropova LV. On the Mechanisms of the Cardiotoxic Effect of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:49-61. [PMID: 38108959 PMCID: PMC10838250 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Lead compounds are one of the most common pollutants of the workplace air and the environment. In the occupational setting, the sources of their emission, including in nanoscale form, are various technological processes associated with lead smelting and handling of non-ferrous metals and their alloys, the production of copper and batteries. Both lead poisoning and lead exposure without obvious signs of poisoning have a detrimental effect on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mechanisms of the cardiotoxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs). The toxicological experiment involved male albino rats subchronically exposed to PbO NPs (49.6 ± 16.0 nm in size) instilled intraperitoneally in a suspension. We then assessed post-exposure hematological and biochemical parameters of blood and urine, histological and ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, and non-invasively recorded electrocardiograms and blood pressure parameters in the rodents. Myocardial contractility was studied on isolated preparations of cardiac muscles. We established that PbO NPs induced oxidative stress and damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes, and decreased efficiency of the contractile function of the myocardium and blood pressure parameters. We also revealed such specific changes in the organism of the exposed rats as anemia, hypoxia, and hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzira A Minigaliyeva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620000
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Yuliya V Ryabova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
- Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620000
| | - Irene E Valamina
- Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620109
| | - Ivan G Shelomentsev
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Yuri L Protsenko
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620049
| | - Alexander A Balakin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620049
| | - Ruslan V Lisin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620049
| | - Daniil A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620049
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620014
| | - Liubov V Toropova
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling of Physical and Chemical Processes in Multiphase Media, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, 620000.
- Otto-Schott-Institut für Materialforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Klinova SV, Minigalieva IA, Protsenko YL, Sutunkova MP, Gurvich VB, Ryabova JV, Valamina IE, Gerzen OP, Nabiev SR, Balakin AA, Lookin ON, Lisin RV, Kuznetsov DA, Privalova LI, Panov VG, Katsnelson LB, Nikitina LV, Katsnelson BA. Changes in the Cardiotoxic Effects of Lead Intoxication in Rats Induced by Muscular Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084417. [PMID: 35457235 PMCID: PMC9029617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to lead is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Outbred white male rats were injected with lead acetate intraperitoneally three times a week and/or were forced to run at a speed of 25 m/min for 10 min 5 days a week. We performed noninvasive recording of arterial pressure, electrocardiogram and breathing parameters, and assessed some biochemical characteristics. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to determine the ratio of myosin heavy chains. An in vitro motility assay was employed to measure the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments on myosin. Isolated multicellular preparations of the right ventricle myocardium were used to study contractility in isometric and physiological modes of contraction. Exercise under lead intoxication normalized the level of calcium and activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood serum, normalized the isoelectric line voltage and T-wave amplitude on the electrocardiogram, increased the level of creatine kinase-MB and reduced the inspiratory rate. Additionally, the maximum sliding velocity and the myosin heavy chain ratio were partly normalized. The effect of exercise under lead intoxication on myocardial contractility was found to be variable. In toto, muscular loading was found to attenuate the effects of lead intoxication, as judged by the indicators of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Klinova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Ilzira A. Minigalieva
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Yuri L. Protsenko
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Marina P. Sutunkova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Vladimir B. Gurvich
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Julia V. Ryabova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Irene E. Valamina
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Oksana P. Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Salavat R. Nabiev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Alexander A. Balakin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Oleg N. Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Ruslan V. Lisin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Daniil A. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Larisa I. Privalova
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
| | - Vladimir G. Panov
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leonid B. Katsnelson
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Larisa V. Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 620049 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (Y.L.P.); (O.P.G.); (S.R.N.); (A.A.B.); (O.N.L.); (R.V.L.); (D.A.K.); (L.B.K.); (L.V.N.)
| | - Boris A. Katsnelson
- Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014 Yekaterinburg, Russia; (S.V.K.); (I.A.M.); (M.P.S.); (V.B.G.); (J.V.R.); (I.E.V.); (L.I.P.); (V.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-343-253-04-21 or +7-922-126-30-90; Fax: +7-343-3717-740
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Lind L, Araujo JA, Barchowsky A, Belcher S, Berridge BR, Chiamvimonvat N, Chiu WA, Cogliano VJ, Elmore S, Farraj AK, Gomes AV, McHale CM, Meyer-Tamaki KB, Posnack NG, Vargas HM, Yang X, Zeise L, Zhou C, Smith MT. Key Characteristics of Cardiovascular Toxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:95001. [PMID: 34558968 PMCID: PMC8462506 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of chemical agents having properties that confer potential hazard called key characteristics (KCs) was first developed to identify carcinogenic hazards. Identification of KCs of cardiovascular (CV) toxicants could facilitate the systematic assessment of CV hazards and understanding of assay and data gaps associated with current approaches. OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a consensus-based synthesis of scientific evidence on the KCs of chemical and nonchemical agents known to cause CV toxicity along with methods to measure them. METHODS An expert working group was convened to discuss mechanisms associated with CV toxicity. RESULTS The group identified 12 KCs of CV toxicants, defined as exogenous agents that adversely interfere with function of the CV system. The KCs were organized into those primarily affecting cardiac tissue (numbers 1-4 below), the vascular system (5-7), or both (8-12), as follows: 1) impairs regulation of cardiac excitability, 2) impairs cardiac contractility and relaxation, 3) induces cardiomyocyte injury and death, 4) induces proliferation of valve stroma, 5) impacts endothelial and vascular function, 6) alters hemostasis, 7) causes dyslipidemia, 8) impairs mitochondrial function, 9) modifies autonomic nervous system activity, 10) induces oxidative stress, 11) causes inflammation, and 12) alters hormone signaling. DISCUSSION These 12 KCs can be used to help identify pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants as CV toxicants, as well as to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of their toxicity. For example, evidence exists that fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] air pollution, arsenic, anthracycline drugs, and other exogenous chemicals possess one or more of the described KCs. In conclusion, the KCs could be used to identify potential CV toxicants and to define a set of test methods to evaluate CV toxicity in a more comprehensive and standardized manner than current approaches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R. Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent J. Cogliano
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Sarah Elmore
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Children’s National Heart Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hugo M. Vargas
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Torimoto R, Ishii C, Sato H, Saito K, Watanabe Y, Ogasawara K, Kubota A, Matsukawa T, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi A, Kimura T, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M. Analysis of lead distribution in avian organs by LA-ICP-MS: Study of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117086. [PMID: 33848898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of wild birds by ingestion of lead ammunition occurs worldwide. Histopathological changes in organs of lead-intoxicated birds are widely known, and lead concentration of each organ is measurable using mass spectrometry. However, detailed lead localization at the suborgan level has remained elusive in lead-exposed birds. Here we investigated the detailed lead localization in organs of experimentally lead-exposed ducks and kites by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). In both the ducks and kites, lead accumulated diffusely in the liver, renal cortex, and brain. Lead accumulation was restricted to the red pulp in the spleen. With regard to species differences in lead distribution patterns, it is noteworthy that intensive lead accumulation was observed in the arterial walls only in the kites. In addition, the distribution of copper in the brain was altered in the lead-exposed ducks. Thus, the present study shows suborgan lead distribution in lead-exposed birds and its differences between avian species for the first time. These findings will provide fundamental information to understand the cellular processes of lead poisoning and the mechanisms of species differences in susceptibility to lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouta Torimoto
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Keisuke Saito
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Yukiko Watanabe
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogasawara
- Institute for Raptor Biomedicine Japan, Hokuto 2-2101, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 084-0922, Japan
| | - Ayano Kubota
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsukawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Yokoyama
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan; Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Graduate School of Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Akasaka 4-1-26, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8402, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
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Ujueta F, Navas-Acien A, Mann KK, Prashad R, Lamas GA. Low-Level Metal Contamination and Chelation in Cardiovascular Disease-A Ripe Area for Toxicology Research. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:135-147. [PMID: 33662137 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. In spite of cardiovascular prevention, there is residual risk not explicable by traditional risk factors. Metal contamination even at levels previously considered safe in humans may be a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis. This review examines evidence that 2 metals, lead, and cadmium, demonstrate sufficient toxicological and epidemiologic evidence to attribute causality for atherosclerotic disease. Basic science suggests that both metals have profound adverse effects on the human cardiovascular system, resulting in endothelial dysfunction, an increase in inflammatory markers, and reactive oxygen species, all of which are proatherosclerotic. Epidemiological studies have shown both metals to have an association with cardiovascular disease, such as peripheral arterial disease, ischemic heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality. This review also examines edetate disodium-based chelation as a possible pharmacotherapy to reduce metal burden in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and thus potentially reduce cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ujueta
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rakesh Prashad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida.,Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center,Miami Beach, Florida
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de Moura Magalhães BAB, Rodrigues LF, de Oliveira TF, Vassallo DV, Simões MR. Lead and mercury 28 day exposure at small concentrations reduces smooth muscle relaxation by decreasing cGMP. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115405. [PMID: 33444613 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of mortality in the world. There is evidence of cardiovascular harm after exposure to low lead or mercury concentrations, but the effects of chronic exposure to the association of low doses of these toxic metals are still unknown. This work evaluated after 4 weeks, the association effects of low concentrations of lead and mercury on blood pressure and vascular resistance reactivity. Wistar rats were exposed for 28 days to lead acetate (1st dose of 4 μg/100 g and subsequent doses of 0.05 μg /100 g/day to cover daily losses) and mercury chloride (1st dose of 2.17 μg/kg and subsequent doses of 0.03 μg/kg/ day to cover daily losses) and the control group received saline, i.m. Results showed that treatment increased blood pressure and induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The mesenteric vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator response assessed by acetylcholine did not change. Additionally, reduced involvement of vasoconstrictor prostanoids derived from cyclooxygenase was observed in the PbHg group. By other regulatory routes, such as potassium channels, the vessel showed a greater participation of BKCa channels, and a reduction in the participation of Kv channels and SKCa channels. The endothelium-independent smooth muscle relaxation was significantly impaired by reducing cGMP, possibly through the hyperstimulation of Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5). Our results suggested that exposure to low doses of lead and mercury triggers this compensatory mechanism, in response to the augment of arterial pressure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Hypertension/chemically induced
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Mercuric Chloride/toxicity
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Organometallic Compounds/toxicity
- Rats, Wistar
- Second Messenger Systems
- Time Factors
- Vascular Resistance/drug effects
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Firme Rodrigues
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil
| | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitoria - EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
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7
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Simões MR, Azevedo BF, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Vassallo DV. Chronic Low-Level Lead Exposure Increases Mesenteric Vascular Reactivity: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2-Derived Prostanoids. Front Physiol 2021; 11:590308. [PMID: 33488395 PMCID: PMC7818781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure causes hazardous effects as hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated whether chronic Pb exposure alters the peripheral vascular resistance measuring the vascular reactivity of mesenteric resistance arteries in rats to identify the underlying mechanisms that are associated to the development of Pb-induced hypertension. Mesenteric resistance arteries from lead-treated and untreated Wistar rats (1st dose: 10 μg/100 g; subsequent doses: 0.125 μg/100 g, intramuscular, 30 days) were used. Contractile responses to phenylephrine increased, while acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was not affected by lead treatment. Endothelium removal and inhibition of NO synthase by L-NAME similarly enhanced the response to phenylephrine in untreated and lead-treated rats. The antioxidants apocynin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) did not affect vasoconstriction in either group. The vascular expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein increased after lead exposure. The respective non-specific or specific COX-2 inhibitors indomethacin and NS398 reduced more strongly the response to phenylephrine in treated rats. Antagonists of EP1 (SC19220), TP (SQ29548), IP (CAY10441) and angiotensin II type 1 (losartan) receptors reduced vasoconstriction only in treated rats. These conclusions present further evidence that lead, even in small concentration, produces cardiovascular hazards being an environmental contaminant that account for lead-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - María Jesús Alonso
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.,Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, Brazil
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8
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Teye SO, Yanosky JD, Cuffee Y, Weng X, Luquis R, Farace E, Wang L. Association between blood lead levels and blood pressure in American adults: results from NHANES 1999-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45836-45843. [PMID: 32803607 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and hypertension in adults when lead exposure for the general population is low. The study used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016. Participants aged 20 to 79 years were included in our study. Weighted multiple linear regression and logistic regression were conducted to test the association between BLL and systolic/diastolic blood pressure and hypertension status, respectively, while controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, income level, and education. A total of 30,467 participants were included in this study. There was no association between BLL and hypertension status for the overall sample. Among those who were not taking antihypertensive medication, after adjusting for covariates, systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with BLL in non-Hispanic Whites (P = 0.004) and non-Hispanic Blacks (P = 0.0005), but not Hispanics (P = 0.07) nor Others (P = 0.37). The relationship between diastolic blood pressure and lead levels was also significant in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. This study showed that higher BLL was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some population groups, but not associated with hypertension status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simisola O Teye
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Jeff D Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yendelela Cuffee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xingran Weng
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Raffy Luquis
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA
| | - Elana Farace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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9
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Sutunkova MP, Minigalieva IA, Klinova SV, Panov VG, Gurvich VB, Privalova LI, Sakhautdinova RR, Shur VY, Shishkina EV, Shtin TN, Riabova JV, Katsnelson BA. Some data on the comparative and combined toxic activity of nanoparticles containing lead and cadmium with special attention to their vasotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:205-222. [PMID: 33186499 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1845410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moderate subchronic intoxication was induced in rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections of PbO (49.6 ± 16.0 nm) and/or CdO (57.0 ± 13.0 nm) nanoparticles (NP) three times a week during 6 weeks. In particular, there was a reduction in arterial blood pressure and in blood concentrations of a number of factors controlling vasoconstriction and vasodilation, particularly of endothelin 1 (ET-1). This toxic effect was attenuated with a bioprotective complex administered in the background. The study confirmed as well that the combined binary action typology varies depending on which effect it is estimated by.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Sutunkova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia.,Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Renata R Sakhautdinova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ya Shur
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Shishkina
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, The Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Julia V Riabova
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, Russia
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10
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Fiorim J, Simões MR, de Azevedo BF, Ribeiro RF, Dos Santos L, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Increased endothelial nitric oxide production after low level lead exposure in rats involves activation of angiotensin II receptors and PI3K/Akt pathway. Toxicology 2020; 443:152557. [PMID: 32791093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in humans and animals. Seven-day exposure to a low dose in rats reduces vasocontractile responses and increases nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We hypothesized that this occurs by angiotensin II receptors (AT1/AT2) activation. MATERIALS AND RESULTS Wistar rats were exposed to lead acetate (1 st dose 4 μg/100 g, subsequent dose 0.05 μg/100 g/day i.m., 7 days) or saline (control group). Lead acetate exposure reduced the phenylephrine vascular response. Pre-incubations with NO synthase inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin) increased the contractile response in aortas from lead-treated rats. Pre-incubation with AT2 antagonist (PD123319) restored normal vascular contraction, and both PD123319 or AT1 antagonist (losartan) impeded the potentiated effects of L-NAME and wortmannin. Reinforcing those findings, increased NO bioavailability was blunted by AT1 and AT2 antagonists without summative effect when co-incubated. Finally, to test whether activation of AT1 could upregulate AT2 to increase NO bioavailability rats were simultaneously exposed to lead acetate and treated with losartan (15 mg/kg/day, orally given). Losartan prevented changes on vascular reactivity and endothelial modulation in lead-exposed group. Moreover, incubation with PD123319 had no more effects in aortic from losartan-treated rats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that low-dose lead acetate exposure induces an increase of NO involving mainly AT2 receptor activation and the PI3K/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway. Additionally, we suggest that AT1 activation plays a role in AT2 upregulation, probably as a protective mechanism. Altogether, these effects might contribute to preserving endothelial function against the harmful effects by lead in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaina Fiorim
- Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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11
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Minigaliyeva IA, Sutunkova MP, Gurvich VB, Bushueva TV, Klinova SV, Solovyeva SN, Chernyshov IN, Valamina IE, Shur VY, Shishkina EV, Makeyev OH, Panov VG, Privalova LI, Katsnelson BA. An overview of experiments with lead-containing nanoparticles performed by the Ekaterinburg nanotoxicological research team. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:788-806. [PMID: 32396411 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1762132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the Ekaterinburg (Russia) interdisciplinary nanotoxicological research team has carried out a series of investigations using different in vivo and in vitro experimental models in order to elucidate the cytotoxicity and organ-systemic and organism-level toxicity of lead-containing nanoparticles (NP) acting separately or in combinations with some other metallic NPs. The authors claim that their many-sided experience in this field is unique and that some of their important results have been obtained for the first time. This paper is an overview of the team's previous publications in different journals. It is suggested to be used as a compact scientific base for assessing health risks associated not only with the production and usage of engineered lead-containing NPs but also with their inevitable by-production as toxic air pollutants in the metallurgy of lead, copper or their alloys and in soldering operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzira A Minigaliyeva
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Solovyeva
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan N Chernyshov
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irene E Valamina
- The Central Research Laboratory, Ural Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y Shur
- The Institute of Natural Sciences, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Oleg H Makeyev
- The Central Research Laboratory, Ural Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.,The Institute of Industrial Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences - Urals Branch, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Ekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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12
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Sutunkova MP, Solovyeva SN, Chernyshov IN, Klinova SV, Gurvich VB, Shur VY, Shishkina EV, Zubarev IV, Privalova LI, Katsnelson BA. Manifestation of Systemic Toxicity in Rats after a Short-Time Inhalation of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030690. [PMID: 31973040 PMCID: PMC7038071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbred female rats were exposed to inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticle aerosol produced right then and there at a concentration of 1.30 ± 0.10 mg/m3 during 5 days for 4 h a day in a nose-only setup. A control group of rats were sham-exposed in parallel under similar conditions. Even this short-time exposure of a relatively low level was associated with nanoparticles retention demonstrable by transmission electron microscopy in the lungs and the olfactory brain. Some impairments were found in the organism’s status in the exposed group, some of which might be considered lead-specific toxicological outcomes (in particular, increase in reticulocytes proportion, in δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA) urine excretion, and the arterial hypertension’s development).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P. Sutunkova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Svetlana N. Solovyeva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Ivan N. Chernyshov
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Svetlana V. Klinova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Vladimir B. Gurvich
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Vladimir Ya. Shur
- The Institute of Natural Sciences, the Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.Y.S.); (E.V.S.); (I.V.Z.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Shishkina
- The Institute of Natural Sciences, the Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.Y.S.); (E.V.S.); (I.V.Z.)
| | - Ilya V. Zubarev
- The Institute of Natural Sciences, the Ural Federal University, 620000 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (V.Y.S.); (E.V.S.); (I.V.Z.)
| | - Larisa I. Privalova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
| | - Boris A. Katsnelson
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str., 620014 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (M.P.S.); (S.N.S.); (I.N.C.); (S.V.K.); (V.B.G.); (L.I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-343-253-04-21; Fax: +7-343-371-77-40
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13
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Klinova SV, Minigalieva IA, Privalova LI, Valamina IE, Makeyev OH, Shuman EA, Korotkov AA, Panov VG, Sutunkova MP, Ryabova JV, Bushueva TV, Shtin TN, Gurvich VB, Katsnelson BA. Further verification of some postulates of the combined toxicity theory: New animal experimental data on separate and joint adverse effects of lead and cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110971. [PMID: 31751644 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Outbred male rats were repeatedly injected intraperitoneally two-level sub-lethal doses of lead acetate and/or cadmium chloride solutions 3 times a week during 6 weeks. The animals developed explicit, even if moderate, subchronic intoxication characterized by a large number of indices, both common to both metals (including increased DNA fragmentation coefficient) and lead-specific. Special attention was paid to hemodynamic and electrocardiographic effects. The combined action of lead and cadmium was modeled with the help of the Response Surface Methodology to obtain additional support for the previously substantiated postulates of combined toxicity's typological ambiguity. This is dependent on which particular effect comes under consideration, on its level, and on the acting dose ratio. For one and the same toxic combination, the type of combined toxic action can vary from synergistic to contra-directional. In particular, the actions of lead and cadmium on blood pressure were found to be opposite in direction. Furthermore, it is shown once again that the systemic toxic effects of a metal combination, its in vivo genotoxicity included, can be more or less attenuated by background administration of a theoretically justified composition of biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Klinova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Irene E Valamina
- The Central Research Laboratory, The Ural State Medical University, 17 Klyuchevskaya Str, Ekaterinburg, 620109, Russia
| | - Oleg H Makeyev
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Eugene A Shuman
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Artem A Korotkov
- The Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 19 Mira Str, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Panov
- Institute of Industrial Ecology, The Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 20 Sofia Kovalevskaya Str, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Julia V Ryabova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Bushueva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Shtin
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 30 Popov Str, Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia.
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14
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He L, Chen Z, Dai B, Li G, Zhu G. Low-level lead exposure and cardiovascular disease: the roles of telomere shortening and lipid disturbance. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:623-630. [PMID: 30404996 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure contributing to cardiovascular diseases is known and recognized widely. As the deleterious effects of low lead exposure attained increasing attention over the last decades, there have been numerous studies exploring the association of low levels of lead exposure and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, it has been observed that lead exposure could cause telomere shortening and lipid disturbance, and that telomere shortening and lipid disturbance are closely related with cardiovascular diseases. Hence, telomere shortening and lipid disturbance might play an important role in the pathophysiological process of chronic low levels of lead exposure contributing to cardiovascular diseases. This review is intended to explore views of the rarely mentioned mechanism, telomere shortening and lipid disturbance, and the cardiovascular effects of low levels of lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Zhenying Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Bo Dai
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, China
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15
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Protsenko YL, Katsnelson BA, Klinova SV, Lookin ON, Balakin AA, Nikitina LV, Gerzen OP, Minigalieva IA, Privalova LI, Gurvich VB, Sutunkova MP, Katsnelson LB. Effects of subchronic lead intoxication of rats on the myocardium contractility. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:378-389. [PMID: 30036551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Outbred male rats were repeatedly injected IP with sub-lethal doses of lead acetate 3 times a week during 5 weeks. They developed an explicit, even if moderate, lead intoxication characterized by typical hematological and some other features. The next day after the last injection the heart of each animal was excised, and the trabecules and papillary muscles from the right ventricle were used for modeling in vitro isometric (with varying starting length of the preparation) regimes of the contraction-relaxation cycle with different preloads. Several well-established parameters of this model were found changed compared with the preparations taken from the hearts of healthy control rats. Background in vivo calcium treatment attenuated both systemic and cardiotoxic effects of lead to an extent. We show for the first time that subchronic intoxication with lead caused myocardial preparations in a wide range of lengths to respond by a decrease in the time and speed parameters of the isometric contraction while maintaining its amplitude and by a decrease in the passive stiffness of trabecules. The responses of the various heart structures are outlined, and the isomyosin ratio is shown to have shifted towards the slow isoform. Mechanistic and toxicological inferences from the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri L Protsenko
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Boris A Katsnelson
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Klinova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg N Lookin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A Balakin
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa V Nikitina
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oksana P Gerzen
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ilzira A Minigalieva
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa I Privalova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Gurvich
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Marina P Sutunkova
- The Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leonid B Katsnelson
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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16
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Clinical and Experimental Evidences of Hydrogen Sulfide Involvement in Lead-Induced Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4627391. [PMID: 29789795 PMCID: PMC5896357 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4627391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lead- (Pb-) induced hypertension has been shown in humans and experimental animals and cardiovascular effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have been reported previously. However, no studies examined involvement of H2S in Pb-induced hypertension. We found increases in diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure in Pb-intoxicated humans followed by diminished H2S plasmatic levels. In order to expand our findings, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Saline, Pb, NaHS, and Pb + NaHS. Pb-intoxicated animals received intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1st dose of 8 μg/100 g of Pb acetate and subsequent doses of 0.1 μg/100 g for seven days and sodium hydrosulfide- (NaHS-) treated animals received i.p. NaHS injections (50 μmol/kg/twice daily) for seven days. NaHS treatment blunted increases in systolic blood pressure, increased H2S plasmatic levels, and diminished whole-blood lead levels. Treatment with NaHS in Pb-induced hypertension seems to induce a protective role in rat aorta which is dependent on endothelium and seems to promote non-NO-mediated relaxation. Pb-intoxication increased oxidative stress in rats, while treatment with NaHS blunted increases in plasmatic MDA levels and increased antioxidant status of plasma. Therefore, H2S pathway may be involved in Pb-induced hypertension and treatment with NaHS exerts antihypertensive effect, promotes non-NO-mediated relaxation, and decreases oxidative stress in rats with Pb-induced hypertension.
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Toscano CM, Simões MR, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Vassallo DV, Fioresi M. Sub-chronic lead exposure produces β 1-adrenoceptor downregulation decreasing arterial pressure reactivity in rats. Life Sci 2017; 180:93-101. [PMID: 28499935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead is considered a causative factor for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. AIMS To investigate the effects of sub-chronic lead exposure on blood pressure reactivity and cardiac β1-adrenoceptor activity and to evaluate whether the effects found in vitro are similar to those found in vivo. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into two groups: control rats (Ct) and rats administered drinking water containing 100ppm lead (Pb) for 30days. KEY FINDINGS Blood pressure in the Pb rats increased starting from the first week of treatment until the end of the study [systolic blood pressure, Ct: 122±4 vs. Pb: 143±3mmHg; diastolic blood pressure, Ct: 63±4 vs. Pb: 84±4mmHg]. The heart rate was also increased (Ct: 299±11 vs. Pb: 365±11bpm), but the pressure reactivity to phenylephrine was decreased. Losartan and hexamethonium exhibited a greater reduction in blood pressure of Pb rats than in the Ct rats. Isoproterenol increased the left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure, and heart rate only in Ct rats, suggesting that lead induced β1-adrenoceptor downregulation. Indomethacin reduced the blood pressure and heart rate in the Pb rats, suggesting the involvement of cyclooxygenase-derived products (which are associated with reduced nitric oxide bioavailability) in this process. SIGNIFICANCE These findings offer further evidence that the effects of sub-chronic lead exposure in vitro can be reproduced in vivo-even at low concentrations-thus triggering mechanisms for the development of hypertension. Therefore, lead should be considered an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Medici Toscano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Maria Jesus Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de laSalud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Fioresi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil; Department of Nursing, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-090, Brazil
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Lamas GA, Ergui I. Chelation therapy to treat atherosclerosis, particularly in diabetes: is it time to reconsider? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:927-38. [PMID: 27149141 PMCID: PMC5105603 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1180977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Case reports and case series have suggested a possible beneficial effect of chelation therapy in patients with atherosclerotic disease. Small randomized trials conducted in patients with angina or peripheral artery disease, however, were not sufficiently powered to provide conclusive evidence on clinical outcomes. AREAS COVERED The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was the first randomized trial adequately powered to detect the effects of chelation therapy on clinical endpoints. We discuss results and future research. Expert commentary: Chelation reduced adverse cardiovascular events in a post myocardial infarction (MI) population. Patients with diabetes demonstrated even greater benefit, with a number needed to treat of 6.5 patients to prevent a cardiac event over 5 years, with a 41% relative reduction in risk of a cardiac event (p = 0.0002). These results led to the revision of the ACC/AHA guideline recommendations for chelation therapy, changing its classification from class III to class IIb. TACT2, a replicative trial, will assess the effects of chelation therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients with a prior myocardial infarction. We are seeking participating sites for TACT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasio A Lamas
- a The Columbia University Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach , FL , USA
| | - Ian Ergui
- a The Columbia University Division of Cardiology at Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach , FL , USA
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19
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Covre EP, Freire DD, Dalfior BM, Marques VB, Ribeiro RF, Carneiro Lima MTWD, Dos Santos L. Low-level lead exposure changes endothelial modulation in rat resistance pulmonary arteries. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 85:21-28. [PMID: 27389002 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. However, the effects on the pulmonary vasculature have not been explored. In this study, rats exposed to lead acetate for seven days (4μg/100g on the 1st day and 0.05μg/100g/day i.m. subsequently) had lead blood level of 3.9±0.7μg/dL and increased right ventricular pressures. There was an increased Pb deposition and superoxide anions production in the pulmonary arteries, associated with reduced vasoconstriction but unchanged endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to acetylcholine (ACh). In both groups, inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase with L-NAME blocked the response to ACh, while indomethacin (cycloxygenase inhibitor) had no effect. Incubation with nonspecific potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium) reduced the ACh-induced vasodilatation only in the Pb group. Apamin (SKCa channel blocker) and 4-aminopyridine (Kv channel blocker), but not iberiotoxin (BKCa channel blocker), also inhibited this response in the Pb group. The vasodilatation to exogenous NO was reduced by Pb, while relaxation to the cGMP analogue was similar between groups. Concordantly, the protein level of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) was reduced. In conclusion, short-term and low-level exposure to Pb changes pulmonary haemodynamic and increases oxidative stress. The pulmonary vasculature exhibited increased hyperpolarization by the Kv and SKCa channels, probably as a compensatory mechanism to the decreased responsiveness to NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Polaco Covre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - David Domingues Freire
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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Low-level Chronic Lead Exposure Impairs Neural Control of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 17:190-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gonçalves-Rizzi VH, Nascimento RA, Possomato-Vieira JS, Dias-Junior CA. Sodium Nitrite Prevents both Reductions in Circulating Nitric Oxide and Hypertension in 7-Day Lead-Treated Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:225-30. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Gonçalves-Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Regina Aparecida Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jose Sergio Possomato-Vieira
- Department of Pharmacology; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Dias-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; Sao Paulo State University - UNESP; Botucatu Sao Paulo Brazil
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Nunes KZ, Nunes DO, Silveira EA, Cruz Pereira CA, Broseghini Filho GB, Vassallo DV, Fioresi M. Chronic lead exposure decreases the vascular reactivity of rat aortas: the role of hydrogen peroxide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120965. [PMID: 25807237 PMCID: PMC4373949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether exposure to small concentrations of lead alters blood pressure and vascular reactivity. Male Wistar rats were sorted randomly into the following two groups: control (Ct) and treatment with 100 ppm of lead (Pb), which was added to drinking water, for 30 days. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly. Following treatment, aortic ring vascular reactivity was assessed. Tissue samples were properly stored for further biochemical investigation. The lead concentration in the blood reached approximately 8 μg/dL. Treatment increased blood pressure and decreased the contractile responses of the aortic rings to phenylephrine (1 nM–100 mM). Following N-nitro-L arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) administration, contractile responses increased in both groups but did not differ significantly between them. Lead effects on Rmax were decreased compared to control subjects following superoxide dismutase (SOD) administration. Catalase, diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETCA), and apocynin increased the vasoconstrictor response induced by phenylephrine in the aortas of lead-treated rats but did not increase the vasoconstrictor response in the aortas of untreated rats. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) potentiated the vasoconstrictor response induced by phenylephrine in aortic segments in both groups, but these effects were greater in lead-treated rats. The co-incubation of TEA and catalase abolished the vasodilatory effect noted in the lead group. The present study is the first to demonstrate that blood lead concentrations well below the values established by international legislation increased blood pressure and decreased phenylephrine-induced vascular reactivity. The latter effect was associated with oxidative stress, specifically oxidative stress induced via increases in hydrogen peroxide levels and the subsequent effects of hydrogen peroxide on potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolini Zuqui Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Dieli Oliveira Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Edna Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Health Science Centre of Vitória—EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Fioresi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Simões MR, Aguado A, Fiorim J, Silveira EA, Azevedo BF, Toscano CM, Zhenyukh O, Briones AM, Alonso MJ, Vassallo DV, Salaices M. MAPK pathway activation by chronic lead-exposure increases vascular reactivity through oxidative stress/cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 283:127-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cardiovascular responses to lead are biphasic, while methylmercury, but not inorganic mercury, monotonically increases blood pressure in rats. Toxicology 2014; 328:1-11. [PMID: 25478804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attack and stroke, are the major cause of death worldwide. It is well known that a high number of environmental and physiological risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Although risk factors are additive, increased blood pressure (hypertension) is the greatest risk factor. Over the last two decades, a growing number of epidemiological studies associate environmental exposure to lead or mercury species with hypertension. However, cardiovascular effects beyond blood pressure are rarely studied and thresholds for effect are not yet clear. To explore effects of lead or mercury species on the cardiovascular system, normal male Wistar rats were exposed to a range of doses of lead, inorganic mercury or methylmercury through the drinking water for four weeks. High-resolution ultrasound was used to measure heart and vascular function (carotid artery blood flow) at baseline and at the end of the exposure, while blood pressure was measured directly in the femoral artery at the end of the 4-week exposure. After 4 weeks, blood pressure responses to lead were biphasic. Low lead levels decreased blood pressure, dilated the carotid artery and increased cardiac output. At higher lead doses, rats had increased blood pressure. In contrast, methylmercury-exposed rats had increased blood pressure at all doses despite dilated carotid arteries. Inorganic mercury did not show any significant cardiovascular effects. Based on the current study, the benchmark dose level 10% (BMDL10s) for systolic blood pressure for lead, inorganic mercury and methylmercury are 1.1, 1.3 and 1.0 μg/kg-bw/d, respectively. However, similar total mercury blood levels attributed to inorganic mercury or methylmercury produced strikingly different results with inorganic mercury having no observable effect on the cardiovascular system but methylmercury increasing systolic and pulse pressures. Therefore, adverse cardiovascular effects cannot be predicted by total blood mercury level alone and the mercury species of exposure must be taken into account.
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Nascimento RA, Mendes G, Possomato-Vieira JS, Gonçalves-Rizzi VH, Kushima H, Delella FK, Dias-Junior CA. Metalloproteinase Inhibition Protects against Reductions in Circulating Adrenomedullin during Lead-induced Acute Hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:508-15. [PMID: 25308714 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intoxication with lead (Pb) results in increased blood pressure by mechanisms involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent findings have revealed that MMP type two (MMP-2) seems to cleave vasoactive peptides. This study examined whether MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels/activities increase after acute intoxication with low lead concentrations and whether these changes were associated with increases in blood pressure and circulating endothelin-1 or with reductions in circulating adrenomedullin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Here, we expand previous findings and examine whether doxycycline (a MMPs inhibitor) affects these alterations. Wistar rats received intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1st dose 8 μg/100 g of lead (or sodium) acetate, a subsequent dose of 0.1 μg/100 g to cover daily loss and treatment with doxycycline (30 mg/kg/day) or water by gavage for 7 days. Similar whole-blood lead levels (9 μg/dL) were found in lead-exposed rats treated with either doxycycline or water. Lead-induced increases in systolic blood pressure (from 143 ± 2 to 167 ± 3 mmHg) and gelatin zymography of plasma samples showed that lead increased MMP-9 (but not MMP-2) levels. Both lead-induced increased MMP-9 activity and hypertension were blunted by doxycycline. Doxycycline also prevented lead-induced reductions in circulating adrenomedullin. No significant changes in plasma levels of endothelin-1 or CGRP were found. Lead-induced decreases in nitric oxide markers and antioxidant status were not prevented by doxycycline. In conclusion, acute lead exposure increases blood pressure and MMP-9 activity, which were blunted by doxycycline. These findings suggest that MMP-9 may contribute with lead-induced hypertension by cleaving the vasodilatory peptide adrenomedullin, thereby inhibiting adrenomedullin-dependent lowering of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Fioresi M, Simões MR, Furieri LB, Broseghini-Filho GB, Vescovi MVA, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV. Chronic lead exposure increases blood pressure and myocardial contractility in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96900. [PMID: 24841481 PMCID: PMC4026242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cardiovascular effects of lead exposure, emphasising its direct action on myocardial contractility. Male Wistar rats were sorted randomly into two groups: control (Ct) and treatment with 100 ppm of lead (Pb) in the drinking water. Blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were anaesthetised and haemodynamic parameters and contractility of the left ventricular papillary muscles were recorded. Blood and tissue samples were properly stored for further biochemical investigations. Statistical analyses were considered to be significant at p<0.05. The lead concentrations in the blood reached approximately 13 µg/dL, while the bone was the site of the highest deposition of this metal. BP in the Pb-treated group was higher from the first week of lead exposure and remained at the same level over the next four weeks. Haemodynamic evaluations revealed increases in systolic (Ct: 96±3.79 vs. Pb: 116±1.37 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (Ct: 60±2.93 vs. Pb: 70±3.38 mmHg), left ventricular systolic pressure (Ct: 104±5.85 vs. Pb: 120±2.51 mmHg) and heart rate (Ct: 307±10 vs. Pb: 348±16 bpm). Lead treatment did not alter the force and time derivatives of the force of left ventricular papillary muscles that were contracting isometrically. However, our results are suggestive of changes in the kinetics of calcium (Ca++) in cardiomyocytes increased transarcolemmal Ca++ influx, low Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum and high extrusion by the sarcolemma. Altogether, these results show that despite the increased Ca++ influx that was induced by lead exposure, the myocytes had regulatory mechanisms that prevented increases in force, as evidenced in vivo by the increased systolic ventricular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Fioresi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lorena Barros Furieri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Department of Nursing, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Health Science Centre of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Rodrigues SML, Ximenes CF, de Batista PR, Simões FV, Coser PHP, Sena GC, Podratz PL, de Souza LN, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB, Stefanon I. Tributyltin contributes in reducing the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine in isolated aortic rings from female rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 225:378-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silveira EA, Siman FDM, de Oliveira Faria T, Vescovi MVA, Furieri LB, Lizardo JHF, Stefanon I, Padilha AS, Vassallo DV. Low-dose chronic lead exposure increases systolic arterial pressure and vascular reactivity of rat aortas. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:366-76. [PMID: 24308934 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure induces hypertension affecting endothelial function. We investigated whether low-concentration lead exposure alters blood pressure and vascular reactivity, focusing on the roles of NO, oxidative stress, cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids, and the local angiotensin-renin system. Aortic rings from 3-month-old Wistar rats were treated daily with lead acetate (first dose 4mg/100g, subsequent doses 0.05mg/100g, im) or vehicle for 30 days. Treatment increased lead blood levels (12μg/dl), blood pressure, and aortic ring contractile response to phenylephrine (1nM-100mM). Contractile response after L-NAME administration increased in both groups but was higher after lead treatment. Lead effects on Rmax decreased more after apocynin and superoxide dismutase administration compared to control. Indomethacin reduced phenylephrine response more after lead treatment than in controls. The selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398, thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor antagonist SQ 29,548, TXA2 synthase inhibitor furegrelate, EP1 receptor antagonist SC 19220, and ACE inhibitor and AT1 receptor antagonist losartan reduced phenylephrine responses only in vessels from lead-treated rats. Basal and stimulated NO release was reduced and local O2(-) liberation increased in the lead-treated group compared to controls. eNOS, iNOS, and AT1 receptor protein expression increased with lead exposure, but COX-2 protein expression decreased. This is the first demonstration that blood Pb(2+) (12µg/dl) concentrations below the WHO-established values increased systolic blood pressure and vascular phenylephrine reactivity. This effect was associated with reduced NO bioavailability, increased reactive oxygen species production, increased participation of COX-derived contractile prostanoids, and increased renin-angiotensin system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil.
| | | | - Thaís de Oliveira Faria
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius Altoé Vescovi
- Center for Exact Sciences, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Lorena Barros Furieri
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | | | - Ivanita Stefanon
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Simão Padilha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29040-091, Brazil
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Senbel AM, Helmy MM. Lead acetate may cause erectile dysfunction by modulating NO/cGMP pathway in rat corpus cavernosum. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:355-64. [PMID: 23979109 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that metal toxicity has been widely reported in industrial toxicological studies, very little has been reported about the effect of lead exposure on erectile function. This study investigated the effect of lead on erectile function in rats and aimed to preliminarily test the mechanisms by which it might affect erection. Rats were injected with lead acetate (0.25-2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 21 days. Intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) next to nerve stimulation; nitrite/nitrate; malonaldehyde; and reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity in the corpus cavernosum, kidney, and brain were measured in addition to creatinine, urea, and testosterone. For acute studies, rats were injected intravenously with lead acetate, and then ICP/MAP was recorded for 45 min. Subacute treatment significantly reduced erection with significant elevation of malonaldehyde and reduction of nitrite/nitrate levels in the corpus cavernosum. In acute studies, lead (2 and 5 mg/kg) reduced neurogenic erections by 28.42 ± 3.76 and 96.84 ± 8.52%, respectively, an effect that was masked in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine, tetraethyl ammonium, or methylene blue, but not zinc protoporphyrine, and reversed by vitamin C and partially by sildenafil. Lead acetate may inhibit the erectile process in rats. Besides its prooxidant effect and consequent inactivation of nitric oxide, lead may negatively modulate the action of nitric oxide on guanylate cyclase and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Senbel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Azarita, P. Box: 21521, Alexandria, Egypt,
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Soliman AM, Abu-Basha EA, Youssef SAH, Amer AM, Murphy PA, Hauck CC, Gehring R, Hsu WH. Effect of chronic lead intoxication on the distribution and elimination of amoxicillin in goats. J Vet Sci 2013; 14:395-403. [PMID: 23820209 PMCID: PMC3885732 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2013.14.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study of amoxicillin pharmacokinetics was conducted in healthy goats and goats with chronic lead intoxication. The intoxicated goats had increased serum concentrations of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase), blood urea nitrogen, and reactivated δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase compared to the controls. Following intravenous amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in control and lead-intoxicated goats, elimination half-lives were 4.14 and 1.26 h, respectively. The volumes of distribution based on the terminal phase were 1.19 and 0.38 L/kg, respectively, and those at steady-state were 0.54 and 0.18 L/kg, respectively. After intramuscular (IM) amoxicillin (10 mg/kg bw) in lead-intoxicated goats and control animals, the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug were more rapid in lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Peak serum concentrations of 21.89 and 12.19 μg/mL were achieved at 1 h and 2 h, respectively, in lead-intoxicated and control goats. Amoxicillin bioavailability in the lead-intoxicated goats decreased 20% compared to the controls. After amoxicillin, more of the drug was excreted in the urine from lead-intoxicated goats than the controls. Our results suggested that lead intoxication in goats increases the rate of amoxicillin absorption after IM administration and distribution and elimination. Thus, lead intoxication may impair the therapeutic effectiveness of amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Soliman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12316, Egypt
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Skoczynska A, Skórka T, Wojakowska A, Nowacki D, Turczyn B, Poręba R, Tyrankiewicz U, Byk K, Szuba A. Heart function in magnetic resonance imaging and the mesenteric artery reactivity in rats receiving lead-contaminated drinking water. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:455-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113491507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lead (Pb)-contaminated drinking water on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-estimated cardiac function, vascular reactivity, and serum lipids in rats. For 3 months, male Wistar rats, aged 4–6 weeks, were given drinking water with the addition of lead acetate at a concentration of 100 ppm Pb (10 rats) or water free from Pb (8 control rats). The cardiac MRI was performed at rest and under β-adrenergic stimulation on a 4.7 T scanner using electrocardiogram-triggered gradient echo (FLASH) cine sequence. After 1–2 weeks of the MRI test, experiments were performed ex vivo. After stabilization of perfusion pressure (PP), norepinephrine at doses from 0.01 to 5.0 μg was dissolved in Krebs solution, injected in a volume of 100 μl, and next infused at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml into the isolated mesenteric artery. In this manner, preconstricted mesenteric bed was used to determine PP changes induced by acetylcholine, given at doses from 0.05 to 5.0 μg, before and during the infusion of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1.0 μg/ml). At the end, dobutamine (5 mg), followed by potassium chloride (10.5 mg), was injected. Lipid levels were determined enzymatically, blood Pb level was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This study showed that Pb impairs the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Pb-induced changes in response to resistance of vessels to vasoactive agents may be secondary to the reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. The high-density lipoprotein subfraction 2 (HDL2) is involved in the cardiovascular effect of Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Skoczynska
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - T Skórka
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Wojakowska
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - D Nowacki
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Turczyn
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - R Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - U Tyrankiewicz
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - K Byk
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Szuba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Ribeiro RF, Potratz FF, Pavan BMM, Forechi L, Lima FLM, Fiorim J, Fernandes AA, Vassallo DV, Stefanon I. Carvedilol prevents ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction in female rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53226. [PMID: 23308166 PMCID: PMC3538779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol has beneficial effects on cardiac function in patients with heart failure but its effect on ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction remains unclear. Estrogen deficiency induces myocardial contractile dysfunction and increases cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women. Our aim was to investigate whether carvedilol, a beta receptor blocker, would prevent ovariectomy-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction. Female rats (8 weeks old) that underwent bilateral ovariectomy were randomly assigned to receive daily treatment with carvedilol (OVX+CAR, 20 mg/kg), placebo (OVX) and SHAM for 58 days. Left ventricle papillary muscle was mounted for isometric tension recordings. The inotropic response to Ca2+ (0.62 to 3.75 mM) and isoproterenol (Iso 10−8 to 10−2 M) were assessed. Expression of calcium handling proteins was measured by western blot analysis. Carvedilol treatment in the OVX animals: prevented weight gain and slight hypertrophy, restored the reduced positive inotropic responses to Ca2+ and isoproterenol, prevented the reduction in SERCA2a expression, abolished the increase in superoxide anion production, normalized the increase in p22phox expression, and decreased serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. This study demonstrated that myocardial contractile dysfunction and SERCA2a down regulation were prevented by carvedilol treatment. Superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase seem to be involved in this response.
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Wu S, Deng F, Huang J, Wang H, Shima M, Wang X, Qin Y, Zheng C, Wei H, Hao Y, Lv H, Lu X, Guo X. Blood pressure changes and chemical constituents of particulate air pollution: results from the healthy volunteer natural relocation (HVNR) study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:66-72. [PMID: 23086577 PMCID: PMC3546346 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) has been associated with particulate matter (PM) air pollution, but associations with PM chemical constituents are still uncertain. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of BP with various chemical constituents of fine PM (PM2.5) during 460 repeated visits among a panel of 39 university students. METHODS Resting BP was measured using standardized methods before and after the university students relocated from a suburban campus to an urban campus with different air pollution contents in Beijing, China. Air pollution data were obtained from central monitors close to student residences. We used mixed-effects models to estimate associations of various PM2.5 constituents with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure. RESULTS An interquartile range increase of 51.2 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a 1.08-mmHg (95% CI: 0.17, 1.99) increase in SBP and a 0.96-mmHg (95% CI: 0.31, 1.61) increase in DBP on the following day. A subset of PM2.5 constituents, including carbonaceous fractions (organic carbon and elemental carbon), ions (chloride and fluoride), and metals/metalloid elements (nickel, zinc, magnesium, lead, and arsenic), were found to have robust positive associations with different BP variables, though robust negative associations of manganese, chromium, and molybdenum with SBP or DBP also were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results support relationships between specific PM2.5 constituents and BP. These findings have potential implications for the development of pollution abatement strategies that maximize public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Fiorim J, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Azevedo BF, Simões MR, Padilha AS, Stefanon I, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, Vassallo DV. Activation of K+ channels and Na+/K+ ATPase prevents aortic endothelial dysfunction in 7-day lead-treated rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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de Belchior ACS, Angeli JK, de O. Faria T, Siman FDM, Silveira EA, Meira EF, da Costa CP, Vassallo DV, Padilha AS. Post-weaning protein malnutrition increases blood pressure and induces endothelial dysfunctions in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34876. [PMID: 22529948 PMCID: PMC3329540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition during critical periods in early life may increase the subsequent risk of hypertension and metabolic diseases in adulthood, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of post-weaning protein malnutrition on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in aortic rings (conductance artery) and isolated-perfused tail arteries (resistance artery) from control (fed with Labina®) and post-weaning protein malnutrition rats (offspring that received a diet with low protein content for three months). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increased in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. In the aortic rings, reactivity to phenylephrine (10(-10)-3.10(-4) M) was similar in both groups. Endothelium removal or L-NAME (10(-4) M) incubation increased the response to phenylephrine, but the L-NAME effect was greater in the aortic rings from the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. The protein expression of the endothelial nitric oxide isoform increased in the aortic rings from the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. Incubation with apocynin (0.3 mM) reduced the response to phenylephrine in both groups, but this effect was higher in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats, suggesting an increase of superoxide anion release. In the tail artery of the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats, the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine (0.001-300 µg) and the relaxation to acetylcholine (10(-10)-10(-3) M) were increased. Post-weaning protein malnutrition increases blood pressure and induces vascular dysfunction. Although the vascular reactivity in the aortic rings did not change, an increase in superoxide anion and nitric oxide was observed in the post-weaning protein malnutrition rats. However, in the resistance arteries, the increased vascular reactivity may be a potential mechanism underlying the increased blood pressure observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aucelia C. S. de Belchior
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Jhuli K. Angeli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thaís de O. Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana D. M. Siman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Edna A. Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Meira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P. da Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Dalton V. Vassallo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Escola de Ensino Superior da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, EMESCAM, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S. Padilha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Vassallo DV, Simões MR, Furieri LB, Fioresi M, Fiorim J, Almeida EAS, Angeli JK, Wiggers GA, Peçanha FM, Salaices M. Toxic effects of mercury, lead and gadolinium on vascular reactivity. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 44:939-46. [PMID: 21845340 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals have been used in a wide variety of human activities that have significantly increased both professional and environmental exposure. Unfortunately, disasters have highlighted the toxic effects of metals on different organs and systems. Over the last 50 years, the adverse effects of chronic lead, mercury and gadolinium exposure have been underscored. Mercury and lead induce hypertension in humans and animals, affecting endothelial function in addition to their other effects. Increased cardiovascular risk after exposure to metals has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms, mainly for short periods of time and at low concentrations, have not been well explored. The presence of other metals such as gadolinium has raised concerns about contrast-induced nephropathy and, interestingly, despite this negative action, gadolinium has not been defined as a toxic agent. The main actions of these metals, demonstrated in animal and human studies, are an increase of free radical production and oxidative stress and stimulation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity, among others. Increased vascular reactivity, highlighted in the present review, resulting from these actions might be an important mechanism underlying increased cardiovascular risk. Finally, the results described in this review suggest that mercury, lead and gadolinium, even at low doses or concentrations, affect vascular reactivity. Acting via the endothelium, by continuous exposure followed by their absorption, they can increase the production of free radicals and of angiotensin II, representing a hazard for cardiovascular function. In addition, the actual reference values, considered to pose no risk, need to be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Vassallo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.
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Acute lead exposure increases arterial pressure: role of the renin-angiotensin system. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18730. [PMID: 21494558 PMCID: PMC3073979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lead exposure causes hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure to lead on arterial pressure and elucidate the early mechanisms involved in the development of lead-induced hypertension. Methodology/Principal Findings Wistar rats were treated with lead acetate (i.v. bolus dose of 320 µg/Kg), and systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate were measured during 120 min. An increase in arterial pressure was found, and potential roles of the renin-angiotensin system, Na+,K+-ATPase and the autonomic reflexes in this change in the increase of arterial pressure found were evaluated. In anesthetized rats, lead exposure: 1) produced blood lead levels of 37±1.7 µg/dL, which is below the reference blood concentration (60 µg/dL); 2) increased systolic arterial pressure (Ct: 109±3 mmHg vs Pb: 120±4 mmHg); 3) increased ACE activity (27% compared to Ct) and Na+,K+-ATPase activity (125% compared to Ct); and 4) did not change the protein expression of the α1-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase, AT1 and AT2. Pre-treatment with an AT1 receptor blocker (losartan, 10 mg/Kg) or an ACE inhibitor (enalapril, 5 mg/Kg) blocked the lead-induced increase of arterial pressure. However, a ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium, 20 mg/Kg) did not prevent lead's hypertensive effect. Conclusion Acute exposure to lead below the reference blood concentration increases systolic arterial pressure by increasing angiotensin II levels due to ACE activation. These findings offer further evidence that acute exposure to lead can trigger early mechanisms of hypertension development and might be an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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