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Richter CG, Li CM, Turnbull A, Haft SL, Schneider D, Luo J, Lima DP, Lin FV, Davidson RJ, Hoeft F. Brain imaging studies of emotional well-being: a scoping review. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1328523. [PMID: 38250108 PMCID: PMC10799564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1328523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This scoping review provides an overview of previous empirical studies that used brain imaging techniques to investigate the neural correlates of emotional well-being (EWB). We compiled evidence on this topic into one accessible and usable document as a foundation for future research into the relationship between EWB and the brain. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. We located relevant articles by searching five electronic databases with 95 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. We explored EWB measures, brain imaging modalities, research designs, populations studied, and approaches that are currently in use to characterize and understand EWB across the literature. Of the key concepts related to EWB, the vast majority of studies investigated positive affect and life satisfaction, followed by sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life. The majority of studies used functional MRI, followed by EEG and event-related potential-based EEG to study the neural basis of EWB (predominantly experienced affect, affective perception, reward, and emotion regulation). It is notable that positive affect and life satisfaction have been studied significantly more often than the other three aspects of EWB (i.e., sense of meaning, goal pursuit, and quality of life). Our findings suggest that future studies should investigate EWB in more diverse samples, especially in children, individuals with clinical disorders, and individuals from various geographic locations. Future directions and theoretical implications are discussed, including the need for more longitudinal studies with ecologically valid measures that incorporate multi-level approaches allowing researchers to better investigate and evaluate the relationships among behavioral, environmental, and neural factors. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/t9cf6/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G. Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Celine Mylx Li
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Adam Turnbull
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Haft
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Schneider
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Denise Pinheiro Lima
- Intensive Care Pediatrician, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Feng Vankee Lin
- CogT Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States
- Brain Imaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi Shinjuku Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang Z, Fu D, Qi Y, Zheng Y, Li Q, Liu X. Humor Affects Fairness Considerations in the Gain and Loss Contexts. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2679. [PMID: 30666228 PMCID: PMC6330900 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human decision-making behaviors in social contexts are largely driven by fairness considerations. The dual-process model suggests that in addition to cognitive processes, emotion contributes to economic decision-making. Although humor, as an effective emotional regulation strategy to induce positive emotion, may influence an individual's emotional state and decision-making behavior, previous studies have not examined how humor modulates fairness-related responses in the gain and loss contexts simultaneously. This study uses the Ultimatum Game (UG) in gain and loss contexts to explore this issue. The results show, in the gain context, viewing humorous pictures compared to humorless pictures increased acceptance rates and this effect was moderated by the offer size. However, we did not find the same effect in the loss context. These findings indicate that humor's affection for fairness considerations may depend on the context and provide insight into the finite power of humor in human sociality, cooperation and norm compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ying X, Luo J, Chiu CY, Wu Y, Xu Y, Fan J. Functional Dissociation of the Posterior and Anterior Insula in Moral Disgust. Front Psychol 2018; 9:860. [PMID: 29910758 PMCID: PMC5992674 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The insula is thought to be involved in disgust. However, the roles of the posterior insula (PI) and anterior insula (AI) in moral disgust have not been clearly dissociated in previous studies. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, the participants evaluated the degree of disgust using sentences related to mild moral violations with different types of behavioral agents (mother and stranger). The activation of the PI in response to the stranger agent was significantly higher than that in response to the mother agent. In contrast, the activation of the AI in response to the mother agent was significantly higher than that in response to the stranger agent. These data suggest a clear functional dissociation between the PI and AI in which the PI is more involved in the primary level of moral disgust than is the AI, and the AI is more involved in the secondary level of moral disgust than is the PI. Our results provide key evidence for understanding the principle of embodied cognition and particularly demonstrate that high-level moral disgust is built on more basic disgust via a mental construction approach through a process of embodied schemata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi-Yue Chiu
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhong Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Gospic K, Sundberg M, Maeder J, Fransson P, Petrovic P, Isacsson G, Karlström A, Ingvar M. Altruism costs-the cheap signal from amygdala. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1325-32. [PMID: 23945997 PMCID: PMC4158368 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When people state their willingness to pay for something, the amount usually differs from the behavior in a real purchase situation. The discrepancy between a hypothetical answer and the real act is called hypothetical bias. We investigated neural processes of hypothetical bias regarding monetary donations to public goods using fMRI with the hypothesis that amygdala codes for real costs. Real decisions activated amygdala more than hypothetical decisions. This was observed for both accepted and rejected proposals. The more the subjects accepted real donation proposals the greater was the activity in rostral anterior cingulate cortex—a region known to control amygdala but also neural processing of the cost-benefit difference. The presentation of a charitable donation goal evoked an insula activity that predicted the later decision to donate. In conclusion, we have identified the neural mechanisms underlying real donation behavior, compatible with theories on hypothetical bias. Our findings imply that the emotional system has an important role in real decision making as it signals what kind of immediate cost and reward an outcome is associated with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Gospic
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Marcus Sundberg
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Johanna Maeder
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Isacsson
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Anders Karlström
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingvar
- MR Research Center and Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Retzius väg 8, 17177 Stockholm, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Transport Science, Teknikringen 10, 100 44 Stockholm and VTI, Transport Economics Unit, PO Box 920, 781 29 Borlänge, Sweden
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Li Q, Qi Y, Liu X, Luo J. Can the memory of an object be enhanced by imagining its loss? CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li Q, Qi Y, Liu X, Luo J. Can contrast effects regulate emotions? A follow-up study of vital loss decisions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42763. [PMID: 22905170 PMCID: PMC3414460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many studies focus on the how contrast effects can impact cognitive evaluations, the question of whether emotions are regulated by such contrast effects is still the subject of considerable debate, especially in the study of loss-related decisions. To address this gap in the literature, we designed three decision making loss conditions: (i) both losses are trivial (TT), (ii) one loss is trivial and the other loss is vital (TV), or (iii) one loss is trivial and the other loss is routine (TR). In study 1, which compared the difference between the negative emotion ratings in TT and TV, we found that negative emotions were affected by the contrast effects. In study 2, which compared the difference between the importance of trivial options in TT and TV, we found that the contrast effects differentially changed the importance of trivial options in the two conditions, which in turn down-regulated negative emotions. In study 3, the impact of decision difficulty was controlled by predetermining the items to be lost. In this study, we found that, when comparing the differences between the negative emotions of losing trivial options in TV and TR, the contrast effects still modulated the loss-related emotions. We concluded that the contrast effects could down-regulate emotions. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that contrast effects can alleviate negative affect in loss-related decision making. This study will enrich and extend the literature on emotion regulation theory, and it will provide a new cost-effective mitigation strategy for regulating negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyun Liu
- Academy of Psychology and Behaviour, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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